Isandla Esifihlekile SeHholo Ledolobha Empahleni Yakho

Bambalwa abantu abaqaphela ukuthi ushizi owenziwe epizza yabo, i - kale esaladi, noma inkukhu ephenduphendukayo ilolongwa yisinqumo esenziwa inxusa elikude likahulumeni, kodwa yizikhulu ezakhiweni zabo siqu noma ihholo ledolobha. Ohulumeni bendawo bangabenzi bamapulani abangahlolile bezimiso zethu zokudla. Banquma ukuthi imapulazi angasebenza ngakuphi eduze nezindawo ezingaphansi kwe-saladi, ukuthi izindawo zokudlela zihlolwa kangakanani, ukuthi imoto yokudla ingahlala ezindaweni ezisemuva, futhi ngisho noma ingaba insimu yomphakathi ingaba khona ezindaweni ezingekho lutho. Abafundi abafunda inqubo yomphakathi nokufundisa izivumelwano zezindawo zomphakathi, ukuqonda lezindlela zikahulumeni wendawo yakho zinquma ukuthi kuphelelaphi epulazini lakho, epulazini, epulazini, nasemasiminini, futhi banikeza ukuqonda okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa ukuze bathole.

Izinga Elibanzi Lokulawula Ukudla Kwendawo

Ohulumeni bendawo e-United States − kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basesifundazweni, edolobheni, noma edolobhaneni ("lomzi), abasebenzisa ngaphansi kwegunya eligunyazwe umthetho kazwelonke. Ithonya labo ngokudla liqondile futhi aliqondile. Izenzo eziqondile zihlanganisa ukubhala imithetho yempilo nokukhipha imvume. Izenzo ezingaqondile zihilela ukuhlela indawo, izisusa zezomnotho, nemikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi. Ngokungafani nohulumeni wombuso, omisa izindinganiso zokuphepha eziyisisekelo kanye nezinhlelo ezinkulu zemali zokudla (njenge-SNAP), izimiso zomthetho zokwakha izakhamuzi ezikhethekile, isayensi yezesayensi yemvelo, isayensi yemvelo, kanye nezizandulela zemiphakathi yabo.

Umkhakha oyisihluthulelo

Izindawo eziyinhloko lapho ohulumeni bendawo bethonya khona ukudla zihlanganisa:

  • impilo engcono nokuphepha: Izinketho ezinhle, ukuqapha okubangelwa yizifo ezibangelwa ukudla, kanye nomphathi wesiqinisekiso sokuthola ukudla.
  • Ukulima nezindawo ezisetshenziswayo: Ukuzifunela ukulima, imfuyo, kanye nezindawo zokulungisa; izintela zokuvikela amapulazi.
  • Intuthuko yezomnotho: iminikelo kanye nemali ebolekwayo yamabhizinisi okudla endawo, izisekelo zezentengiselwano zabalimi, kanye nezikhungo zokudla.
  • [ Abaphathi abayisisekelo: ukuhlanganisa imithetho, izisusa zezolimo zasemadolobheni, kanye nokuphatha amanzi esiphepho emapulazini.
  • Ukulingana: Usizo lwenhlalo oluphumayo, ukungenela kohlane lokudla, nezinhlelo zesikole zokudla.

Inye yalezindawo ihlanganisa ukuthutha okuyinkimbinkimbi. Umkhandlu wedolobha kungadingeka ulinganisele isifiso somnini wesitolo sokudla semithetho embalwa nesicelo sesikhulu sezempilo somphakathi sokuhlola ngokuqinile. Ibhodi elihlelayo lingahlola izinzuzo zezomnotho zesitolo esisha ngokulandelana nokushendeza kwendawo. Lezi izinqumo zentonga nebholthi ezilawula indawo yokudla.

Imithetho Yokuphepha Kokudla: Isivikelo Esingabonakali

Uma udla ukudla noma uthenga okukhiqizwayo okuseceleni komgwaqo, uthemba ukuthi ukudla ngeke kukwenze ugule. Lokho kuthemba kubhalwa iminyango yezempilo yendawo. La manxusa agunyaza FDA Food Code [ njengeyamukelwa yizwe, kodwa futhi futhi yenezela izinciphiso zendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izilinganiso zidinga ukuqeqeshwa kokudla kwaminyaka yonke kubo bonke abasebenza ezitolo zokudlela, kuyilapho amanye abaphathi begunyaza ukuba kuthengiswe amakhempa. Amanye amadolobha avumela ukuthengiswa kobisi oluluhlaza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile eziqondile; amanye avala ngokuphelele.

Ukuhlola Ukuphindeka Nokubona Kwangaphandle

Enye yezici eziphikisana kakhulu zokuphepha kokudla kwendawo ukuhlola. Ukuhlolwa kwe CDC kuthola ukuthi ukuhlola okuvamile kwezindawo zokudlela kunciphisa ingozi yokuqubuka. Kodwa ukunqanda uhlelo lwemali ngokuvamile kuphoqelela iminyango yezempilo ukuba idlulise abahloli abancane. Amanye ama-oral asebe asebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlola izingozi: izakhiwo eziphakeme ze-risk (umzk., lezo ezisebenzisa itshe elivulekayo) zihlolwa kakhulu kunezezinswe (umz., izitolo ezidayisayo ezithengisa amaphakethe kuphela). Ngokuqhubekayo, njengamadolobha eLos Angeles kanye ne New York zidinga futhi ukuthunyelwa kokwaziswa komphakathi noma ukukhiyelwa ngokushesha, ukunikeza ukwaziswa okunamandla.

Ukudla Okuhambayo Nezenzakalo Zesikhashana

Amaloli okudla, abathengisi bezentengiselwano, namatheku okudla kubekwa ngaphansi kwemithetho ethile yendawo. Lemithetho imboza yonke into kusukela eziteshini zokugeza izandla kuya ekulahleni imfucumfucu. Emadolobheni amaningi, abasebenzisi bamaloli okudla kumelwe bathole imvume yokudla ehambayo, badlulise isheke, futhi bafake izinhlelo zokuhlola ezingalindelekile. Ohulumeni bendawo bahlela imithetho yendawo lapho amaloli angahlala khona − ngokuvamile bayinqabela khona itebhisi eliphakathi kwamamitha angu-200 esitolo sokudla. Lemithetho yesethi yendlela yokudla ingakhampasishi noma inqande ibhizinisi lokudla ukudla.

Ukusekela Izolimo Zendawo: Ukusuka Ekulondolozweni Kuya Ekuthuthukiseni

Ohulumeni bendawo basebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuze basekele abalimi futhi baqinise isimiso sokudla sendawo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inqubo eyisici esisiza abalimi ukuba baqhubeke besebenza emabhizinisini, ezimakethe, futhi basebenzise nezindlela ezisekelayo.

Ukulondoloza Izwe Eliyipulazi Nokusebenzisa Inhlabathi

Ukubola kwezindawo kungezinye zezinsongo ezinkulu kwezolimo zendawo. Ukumelana nazo, izilinganiso eziningi ziye zasungula izinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwamapulazi. Lezinhlelo zithenga amalungelo okuthuthukisa amalungelo abalimi (izinto ezilula), ukuqinisekisa indawo ihlala isetshenziswa ngokungenasiphelo. Ngokwesibonelo, iLancaster County, iPennsylvania, inenye yezinhlelo eziphumelela kakhulu ezweni, ilondoloza amahekthare angu-90 000 ngenhlanganisela yesifunda nezimali zikahulumeni. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlela iminyango ingakha izigodi ze-Agriculture ezinikeza intela ephukayo nesivikelo emalaleni (umz.m., lapho umakhelwane ekhononda ngephunga lomququba).

Usizo Lwezimali Nokutholakala Kwayo

Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo basebenzisa izinhlelo ezinikeza ngokukhethekile amapulazi amancane naphakathi. Lezi zingaxhasa ukuthengwa kwemishini, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-asperthiation, noma izindleko ze-octal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha anjengePortland, Oregon, ne-Austin, Texas, akha izinyathelo zokuhlanganisa abakhiqizi bendawo nabathengi bendawo . /Izikole, izibhedlela, nezikhungo eziphezulu. Lezi zinhlelo azixhasi abalimi kuphela kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukudla ngokuthola ukudla okusha, ukudla kwendawo kube yizindawo zokudlela.

Iziphazamiso Zezolimo Zasemadolobheni

Izolimo zasemadolobheni ziye zadume kakhulu njengendlela yokwandisa ukutholakala kokudla emadolobheni. Ohulumeni bendawo baqhubeka bedlulisa imithetho evumela izakhamuzi ukuba zigcine izinyosi, izinkukhu, nezimbuzi, noma zitshale izindawo zokulima ezingenalutho ezingadini zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, iDetroit inemithetho eminingi yokulima emadolobheni evumela ukufuya ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi ivumele ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ngezindawo zokudla. Amanye amadolobha, njengaseSeattle, adala "P-Patches" — amapulani ensimu yomphakathi ezwe eliminyene — futhi anikeza abalimi bengadini.

Imithetho Ekhohlisayo: Abasekeli Abathule Bezinqumo Zakho Zokudla

Izimiso ze-Zoning zinquma ukuthi yini engakhiwa lapho. Zinethonya elikhulu endaweni yokudla: zinquma ukuthi isitolo singakhiwa endaweni engenisa ukudla okuncane, ukuthi imishini yokuphisa ingakwazi ukuvuleka endaweni yezezimboni, noma ukuthi indawo yokudlela yokudlela esheshayo ivunyelwe yini eduze kwesikole. Lezi zinqumo zenziwa ngokuhlela amakhomishane nemikhandlu yasedolobheni, ngokuvamile ngemikhandlu yomphakathi encane.

Izingwadule Zokudla Nezilokazane Zokuhlobisa

Izingwadule zokudla − amadolobhe angenayo inzuzo enele yokudla okunomsoco, okuvame ukuba umphumela wemikhuba engokomlando yokudla. Ngokususa izitolo ezidayisa ukudla ezindaweni zokuhlala noma ngokuhluleka ukwandisa izakhiwo, ngokungazi balinganisela izinhlelo zokudla ezinempilo. Amanye amadolobha manje asebenzisa i-okhentings ukunqanda lokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, [izindawo ezihlala khona] iPhiladelphia's ebhala umthetho owenzekalelayo [[[FLLC:1] manje uhlanganisa isilinganiso esiphezulu sezindawo eziphambili zokudla ezikhona ezisemgwaqweqweni ezintsha.

Amaloli Okudla Nabathengisi Abahambayo

Ukuzingela abadayisi bezinto zokudla abahambayo kuyindaba eshisayo emadolobheni amaningi. Abadansi bamaswidi bavame ukumukela izimfuneko eziqinile zokuzivikela ibhizinisi labo, kuyilapho abameleli beloli lokudla belwela imithetho eyengeziwe yokuyekelela ukuze bakhuthaze ezohwebo. Abanye ohulumeni bendawo baye bashaya ukulinganisa ngokukha izikhiye ze-"loli lokudla" noma "izindawo zamakethe eziswa ngemakethe" lapho abadayisi abaningi bengasebenza khona ndawonye. Lezifunda ngokuvamile ziba izindawo zokubuthana ezithandwayo ezivuselela izindawo zomphakathi.

Izingadi zomphakathi nezimakethe zabalimi: Izindlu zezimila ziyanda

Amabili ezindlela ezibonakala kakhulu zenqubo yokudla yendawo zingadi zomphakathi nezimakethe zabalimi. Kokubili kudinga ukusekelwa kukahulumeni wendawo ukuze ukhule (noma ingakanani ngezwe, ngemvume, noma ngezimali.

Izingadi Zomphakathi

Izingadi zomphakathi zinikeza izakhamuzi indawo yokulima ukudla kwazo, ukuthuthukisa ukudla, ukuzivivinya, nokuhlobana nomphakathi. Ohulumeni bendawo bangasiza lezingadi ngokwenza ukuba zitholakale, ngokunikeza umshuwalense wemali, nokunikeza amanzi. EDolobheni laseNew York, i- uhlelo lwe-GreenThumb olunikeza amaqembu amaqenjana amade ezindawo zokulayishi, isivikelo emagadinini asemadolobheni, ukunikeza izinto zokwakha, ukuqeqesha, nomxhumanisi wedolobha. Amadolobha amaningi futhi anezinhlelo ze-"Greatrupy" ezinikeza amaqembu amalungelo omphakathi okungangeni, awavikele ekuthuthukeni.

Izimakethe zabalimi

Izimakethe zabalimi zivame ukusungulwa amaqembu omphakathi, kodwa badinga imvume nesisekelo sikahulumeni wendawo. Amadolobha anganciphisa izithiyo ngokukhipha imvume ngokunika abalimi abancane, ukunikeza abalimi abakwaziyo ukupaka izimoto mahhala, noma ukufaka izikhungo zokuthengisa ezihlala njalo. Abanye ohulumeni bendawo baqhubekela phambili ngokusebenzisa izimakethe zabo siqu zabalimi noma ngokugunyaza "abaphathi bamasheya" ukuze bamukele i-SAP/EBT ne-WICCC shologers, ezinweba kakhulu ukufinyelela kwezakhamuzi ezingenisa imali ephansi. [[FLT:] Intellist Coalition ilinganisela ukuthi imali ngayinye echithwa emaketheni abalimi ethengisayo ikhiqiza cishe imali efinyelela kumaRandi amabili emalini ezomnotho.

Imikhandlu Yokudla: Ukuhlela Indlela Ehlangene

Umkhandlu wezokudla (FPC) uyiqembu lababheki bamafashoni (FPC). Namuhla, kunabangaphezu kuka-300 eNyakatho Melika. Lemikhandlu ayinawo amandla omthetho, kodwa inethonya ngokucwaninga, ukutusa, nangemisebenzi yezezindiza.

Indlela Imikhandlu Elawula Ukudla Esebenza Ngayo

I-FPC evamile ihlangana nyanga zonke, iqhuba izinqumo zokulalela kanye nezinhlelo zomphakathi. Ukutusa okuvamile kuhlanganisa: ukuvuselela izindawo ukuze kuvunyelwe ezolimo zasedolobheni, ukwakha "isikhungo sokudla" sokuxhumanisa ukuhanjiswa kwabalimi abancane, noma ukusungula uhlelo "amabhuthi amabili" olulingana ne-SNAP enterst's. Eminye imikhandlu, njenge- i-Food Policy Council[, iye yaba yithuluzi ekudluliseni umthetho wokungena kokudla edolobheni lonke. Abanye, njengoMthetho we-Los Angeles Food Policy Council, baye basiza ekwenzeni icebo lokudla lezekelo lezindawo zamadolobha.

Izindaba Eziye Zaphumelela

Ngo-2015, i-Portland Multomah County Food Policy Council yasiza ekudluliseleni isinqumo esidinga zonke izenzakalo ezihlelwe edolobheni ukuze kunikezwe ukudla okunempilo. ECleveland, umsebenzi womkhandlu waholela emthetho wedolobha ovumela ukugcinwa kwenyosi ezindlini zokuhlala. Lokhu kuwina okuhlangeneyo kwenezela, kubonisa ukuthi ngisho noma kungekho gunya eliqondile, umkhandlu ohlelwe kahle ungashintsha isimiso.

Ukuhlanganyela Emphakathini Ezinqumweni Zokudla

Ukuze isimiso sokudla sibonise izidingo zomphakathi, ukuthatha isinyathelo kudingekile. Nokho abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi bangahileleka kanjani noma bazizwe bengenandaba nezwi labo. Ohulumeni bendawo bangavala leligebe ngokulifaka emahlombe.

Imihlangano Yeningi Nezindlebe

Izinguquko zokuhlela, izinhlelo zemali ezihlelwa ngezinhlelo zokudla, nezimiso ezintsha zempilo zonke ziqulwa ngecala lomphakathi. Lemihlangano ivame ukuqhutshwa kusihlwa ukuze ivumele izakhamuzi ezisebenzayo ukuba zibe khona. Nokho, ngokuvamile kuyancipha. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuthembisana, amanye amadolobha manje anikeza umnyango wobufakazi obungaqondakali. IPortland, i-Oregon, isebenzisa ngisho nenqubo yokuhlela imali lapho izakhamuzi zivota khona ngokuqondile ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani ingxenye yemali yedolobha, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi ehlobene nokudla ekhishini noma izivini zesikole.

Ukuhlola Nezikhungo Zokuhlolwa

Ukuhlolwa kolwe-inthanethi kanye namaqembu abhekisa phambili angathola okufakiwe esiphambanweni somphakathi kunasemihlanganweni ye-person kuphela. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo baye bamisa futhi amabhodi amile ahlanganisa izakhamuzi ezisuka ezindaweni ezidinga ukudla, abalimi, nabanikazi bamabhizinisi abancane. Lamabhodi anikeza indlela elungeleleneyo yezwi lomphakathi.

Ukuhileleka Kwentsha Nomfundi

Izikole ziyizindawo ezibucayi zokudla. Ohulumeni bendawo bangadala imikhandlu yentsha eluleka ngezinhlelo zesikole noma ngentela yesoda. Amanye amadolobha, njenge Berkeley, California, ahilela abafundi besikole esiphakeme ekuhloleni intela yedolobha yentela yesiphuzo esinesiphuzo esinemicu" futhi batusa ukubizelwa kwemfundo yokondleka nokusebenza komzimba.

Izinselele Ohulumeni Bendawo Ababhekene Nazo

Nakuba ohulumeni bendawo benamathuluzi amaningi, babhekana futhi nezithiyo ezinkulu ekuqondiseni izimiso zokudla.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemali

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo, iminyango yokuhlela, namahhovisi okusekelana ngokuvamile kuxhaswe ngentela yempahla neminikelo kahulumeni. Uma uhlelo lwemali luqinile, ukuphepha kokudla kungase kuncishiswe, izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ukuhweba ngezohwebo zabalimi zinganqanyulwa, futhi ukusekela komphakathi kunganqanyulwa. Amadolobha amaningi aphendukele ebuhlotsheni bomphakathi obuzimele, njengokusebenza namabhange okudla noma izisekelo, ukuze agcwalise igebe.

Izingxabano Zokuthatha Iqembu

Isimiso sokudla sendawo ngokungenakugwenywa sihilela ukuthutha. Abalimi bangamelana nemithetho emisha yokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala zinambuzane; abanikazi besitolo bangalwa nezindleko zemvume eziphezulu; abameleli abamelene ne-hamper bangaqhubela phambili iziphuzo ezisheshayo zokudla ukuze banciphise izingwadule zokudla, kuyilapho abameleli bezempilo bemelana. Ukulawula lezingxabano kudinga ukuhola okuqinile nokuzimisela ukuzama imisebenzi yokushayela ngaphambi kokuba baqhubeke.

Ukungalondeki Kokudla Nokungalingani Kwama - system

Ngisho nezimiso zendawo ezigxile kahle zingahluleka ukufinyelela abantu abasengozini kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, imakethe yabalimi abasha endaweni ecebile ingazisiza izakhamuzi ezithola imali ephansi uma zingayamukeli i-SNAP noma uma zingafinyeleli. Ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe baklame ngokunenzuzo, njengokuhlala ezimakethe ezindaweni ezihambayo futhi banikeze izinhlelo ezikhuthazayo ezinjenge "Bonis Bucks" yabasebenzisi be-SNAP.

Isiphetho: Izwi Lakho, Izwi Lakho

Kusukela kumphathi wezokwelapha ohlola idina lakini kumphathi wezokuhlela ovumela insimu yomphakathi, izikhulu zikahulumeni wendawo zihlela isimiso sokudla ngezindlela eziningi, ngokuvamile ezingabonakali. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kunika izakhamuzi amandla − ikakhulukazi abafundi nabafundisi − ukusekela izinguquko ezihambisana nezindinganiso zabo. Noma ufuna ukubona izimakethe eziningi zabalimi edolobheni lakho, ukugcinwa kokudla okuqinile, noma izinhlelo ezintsha zezolimo zasedolobheni, izinhlelo zoshintsho ezikhona ziseduze kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga. Ukuba khona kwezokuzwa, ukuhlangana nomthetho wokudla, noma ukubuza nje umkhandlu wakho wedolobha: "Unquma kanjani ukuthi yini ebhokisini lami?" / / Impendulo ingase ikumangaze i-" nezinhlelo ezintsha zezolimo zokwakha.