I-Indiya iphakathi kolunye lwezinguquko eziphawulekayo zasemadolobheni emlandweni wesintu. NgokweBhange leZwe, inani labantu basebushini liye lakhula kusukela cishe ezigidini ezingu-290 ngo-2001 kuya kwezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-480 ngo-2021, futhi kusungulwa ukuba lidlule izigidi ezingu-600 ngo-2031. Lokhu kwanda okusheshayo kwamadolobha okubangelwa ukufuduka kwasemaphandleni ukuya ebhan ukuya ezindaweni eziqhelelene nezokukhula okungokwemvelo, okusuka ezikhungweni zezakhiwo, ezindlini, ezikhungweni zomphakathi, nasemvelweni ezungezile. Nakuba amadolobha esebenza njengemishini yokwanda kwezomnotho engokwezomnotho, ukukhuphucuka kwamadolobha okungahleleki kakhulu kuye kwabangela izinselele ezinzima: ukufuduka kwamadolobha, ukuminyana kwezimoto, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukuwohloka kwezelelwa kwezemfundo, nokusetshenziswa kwemfuculo.

Ukuze kuxoxwe lezi zindaba, uhulumeni wase-India uye wasungula uchungechunge lwezimiso ze-Urban Policy Framework. I-Study Commory, kanye nemisebenzi emikhulu enjenge-Smart Cities Mission, i-Pradhan Mantri Awas Yahoda (Isiza Zonke), AMRUT (Imibutho Ye-Antal for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation), kanye ne-Swachh Bharat Mission, imelela umzamo omkhulu wokuqondisa ukugcinwa kwamadolobha ekhonzweni, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa nokuzinziswa kwezindawo. Ngokuhlanganisa ukutshala inzuzo yezengalo ngenguquko yokulawula, izinhloso zikahulumeni ukuze kwenziwe amadolobha ahlale, achumayo, achumayo, futhi asekela indawo ezungezile. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinselele ezinkulu zezinkinga zase-India ne-omgalvey.

Ukuhlalisana Kwamabhilidi ENdiya Ngamanani: Izinga Nesilinganiso

Izwe laseNdiya liyizwe lesibili elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni, elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,4. Izinga lokwenyuka kwamadolobha, nakuba lisaphansi kunamazwe amaningi athuthukile, liye landa kancane. I-Census yaseNdiya 2011 yabika ikhulu elingu-3,16% labantu njengedolobha; ngo-2021, ilinganisela indawo elinganiselwa ku-34,35%. Ngo-2050, izakhiwo zeZizwe Ezihlangene ziyohlala emadolobheni cishe acishe amaphesenti angu-50 abantu baseNdiya.

Lokhu kwanda akulingani kakhulu. IGegacies enjengeDelhi, iMumbai, neBengaluru iqhumuka ezindaweni ezivalekile, kuyilapho amadolobha amancane namadolobhana (avame ukubizwa ngokuthi “amadolobhana”"akhula ngokushesha, ngokuvamile angalawulwa. Umphumela uba indawo yasedolobheni ehlukene lapho izakhiwo zesakhiwo nemisebenzi yasemadolobheni zikhula khona. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthengwa kwamanzi asedolobheni, kuyilapho kuthuthukisa, kushiya izigidi ezingenakho ukufinyelela okunokwethenjelwa; cishe amaphesenti angu-70 kuphela emakhaya anamanzi angenayo. Ngokufanayo, angaphansi kwengxenye yemfucumfucu yasemadoloneni elapha ngokufanelekile, kuholela empilweni nasengozini yendawo ezungezile.

Izinselele Eziyinhloko Zokuhlala Emadolobheni ENdiya

Ukuswelakala Kwezindlu Nokukhula Kwazo

Enye yezindlela ezibonakala kakhulu zokuvama amadolobha ukukhula kwezindawo eziminyene nezingahlelekanga. Ukuswelakala kwezindlu zasemadolobheni eNdiya kwalinganiselwa emaqoqweni angaba yizigidi ezingu - 19 ekuqaleni ko-2020, ngokokuhlola kukahulumeni. AmaMagrant ngokuvamile awakwazi ukuthenga izindlu ezisemthethweni, eziholela ezimweni zokuphila okuminyene, okungahlanzekile. [FLT] Mandtari] Mandanri Awas Yja (Urban) ahlose ukuxoxa ngalokhu ngokunikeza indlu etholakala ngokukhokhelwa ngemali etholakalayo, ngokuncibilikisa izimali zokuthenga izimali, nokuhlalisa amabharki, nokusebenza komphakathi. Naphezu kwentuthuko, izinselele ezweni elitholakalayo, izindleko zokwakha, nokuthola inzuzo.

Izimoto Zomphakathi Nezimoto Eziningi

Amadolobha aseNdiya adume ngokuminyana kwezimoto nokuhamba ngomgwaqo okungenamandla. Ukukhula kwezimoto zomphakathi kudlule kakhulu umgwaqo, futhi amadolobha amaningi antula izimiso zokuthutha ezihlangene. Ngokwesibonelo, iBengaluru, manje eyikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi 12, inezinga lokuminyana kwezimoto ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Uhulumeni uye wafaka izakhiwo ze-metrole ezindaweni ezihambayo emadolobheni amaningi, ukuthutha kwebhasi ngokushesha (i-BRT), futhi wakhuthaza ukuthutha okungahambisani ngezindlela ezihambayo ezinjenge [[FLT: 0] i-National Urban Transport Policy [ kanye [FLT:] ne [FLT] rossCitys [FLT] , intuthuko ephakathi kwezentengonyakazelo.

Ukungcola Komoya Namanzi

Ukungcola kuyinselele enkulu emadolobheni. Izwe laseNdiya liyikhaya lamadolobheni angu 22 angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokweNhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo. Igesi ekhipha imithambo yegazi, imfucumfucu yezemboni, uthuli, nokuvuleka kwemfucumfucu kudala ubuthi. Uhulumeni uveza uNational Secreac Air Programme (NCAP)[FUP] [FULD] [1] ubeke izisulu zokunciphisa ukugcwala kwemisebe nge 20=30% ngo-2024, kanye nokungcola okugxile emadolobheni angangeni afikayo. Ukungcola kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi emifuleni enjengeYamuna neGanga, kudinga ukuhweba okukhulu ezikhundleni zendle nezindawo. I-Schathabit Mistion ithuthuke kakhulu empat, kodwa inkinga encindisiwe yamanzi.

Ukuphathwa Kwalo Nje Nokuhlanzwa

INdiya ikhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-62 emfucumfucu eqinile kamasipala ngonyaka, aqoqwa kuphela cishe amaphesenti angu-70, futhi angaphansi kwa-30% awenziwe noma elashwe. Ukulahla nokushisa kuvamile. i-Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)[FL:1] iye yaba balulekile ekwakheni izakhiwo zangasese, ikhuthaza ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu, nokubekwa kwemfucumfucu ezindaweni eziya ezindaweni ezihlala ipeni. Uhulumeni futhi ufune ukuba abakhi bemfucumfucucu wepulasitiki ne-wasteaste. Nakuba kunjalo, ukushintsha kokuziphatha nezindawo zemisebenzi kuyaqhubeka, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amancane.

Ukungalitholi Ngokufanele Ikhono Lokunakekela Impilo Nemfundo

Izindlela zokusetshenziswa ngokushesha kwezempilo nezimiso zemfundo zomphakathi. Amadolobha kanye nezikhungo ezingenisa imali ephansi ngokuvamile awanazo izikhungo eziyinhloko zempilo nezikole ezinhle. Nakuba [FLT: 0] u-Ayushman Bharat Pradtari Mandyan Mantri Yayoya[[FLT:] unikeza umshuwalense wempilo, ukufinyelela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Emfundoni, [[FLT:] Rashtriyamavia Madhimik Shik Shikshayahian[FLT:] kanye [FLT] ne [FGLT] [FRA:] u-Shikma shian [FLT] ayifuni.[FLT]

Uhulumeni Omkhulu Uthatha Isinyathelo Sokunqanda Izinselele Zokuhlala Emadolobheni

Ukuthunywa Kwamadolobha Okuhlakaniphile: Ukwakha Amadolobha Afundwa Ngekusasa

Iqaliswe ngo-2015, i-Promitant Cities Mission ihloselwe ukwakha amadolobha ayi 100 abe yindawo yezakhamuzi ezihlala isokhelwa kuyo futhi ahlale ekhona. Igxila ekuthuthukiseni indawo (ukukhushulwa, ukuvuleka, nokuhlaziywa kwebala) kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-pan-industrial coreatting. Izingalo zekhoracle zihlanganisa ukunyakaza okuhlakaniphile, ukuphatha amanzi ngokuhlakanipha, ukubusa kahle, kanye nezimiso zomphakathi ezihlakaniphile. Njengasekuqaleni kwe-2025, izakhiwo ezicishe ezingu-7000 (zifanele, i-croodore.5) ziye zasetshenziswa. Nakuba abagxekikhombayo zikhomba ukuveza ukukhisa nokwe kancane kancane, izibonelo eziphumelelayo [[FLD]

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) – Indlu Yabo Bonke

I- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yoyana (Urban), yasungulwa ngo- 2015, ibhekene nokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezithengwayo ezingu-1,222 (ukuhlelwa). Icebo linikeza inzalo yemali elingana nesithathu% kuya ku-6,5% emalini ebolekwayo ekhaya, izimali zokukhokhela isikweletu, nokusekela ukukhuliswa kwemijovolo. Ngo-2024, izindlu ezingaphezu kwama-90kh zase zivunyelwe, kanti isakhiwo esingaphezu kuka-50 kh siqedisiwe sinciphiswe isilinganiso sezindlu zesikhashana kodwa sinciphe inzuzo yomhlaba futhi sibiza imali enciphilekile kwezinye izizwe.

Ukuthunywa Okuyinqaba Kokubuyiselwa Nokushintsha Kwezwe Edolobheni (I - AMRUT)

I-AMRUT, eyaqanjwa ngo-2015, igxile ezinjwayezini eziyisisekelo zasemadolobheni amahlanu: ukutholakala kwamanzi, ukukhucululwa kwendle, amanzi aphumayo, izindawo eziluhlaza, kanye nezokuthutha okungangeni manzi. Igcizelela ukusondela okufunwayo, ukusondela kweprojekthi. Isigaba sesibili, AMAMRUT 2.0 , ihlose ukwenza amadolobha abe amanzi anciphe futhi athuthukise ukuphatha indle. Impumelelo ehlanganisa ukuhlangana kwamanzi ayizigidi eziyi 1,5 nokuxhumana nezindawo zokuchitha indle. Nokho, ukusebenza nokulungisa izinto kuseyinselele.

I - Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) – Inhlanzeko Nokuphathwa Kwendle

Sachh Bharat Mission (Urban) ibiwumjaho wenhlanzeko ohamba phambili kusukela ngo-2014. Yakha izindlu zangasese zasekhaya ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha nezindlu zangasese zomphakathi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyisihlanu, yathuthukisa izakhiwo zokuphatha imfucumfucu eqinile, futhi yathuthukisa ukushintsha kokuziphatha. Lo mkhakha waholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwemfucumfucu kusukela ku-18% kuya ku-75% (ngo-2024). Nokho, amadolobha amaningi asalwa nokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu emtho nasekujukwini wesayensi. Isigaba esilandelayo sigxila ekulondolozeni inqubo yokuzinza indleko ekhululekile (OF) futhi iqhubekela “eDolobhaza Free Free." proces.

Impi Yesizwe Sasedolobheni Ehlala Abantu (NULM)

Ukuze kuxazululwe ubumpofu basedolobheni nemisebenzi, i-NULM isekela ukuthuthuka kwekhono, ukuziqasha, nokuphambana kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni. Isebenza ngamaqembu azimele (SHG) nangamaqembu anezinga lokukwazi ukuthwala impahla. Lo msebenzi usufinyelele emakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha, kodwa ithonya lawo esizukulwaneni semali kanye nemisebenzi esekelayo lihlala lisesilinganisweni.

Izinyathelo Zokubusa Kwamanani Nezokubusa Kwe - eש

Uhulumeni uye waphakamisa amathuluzi ezimiso zokuphatha amadolobha. AmaPlatform anjenge aveza ukukhokha intela yempahla , AMALUNG[, futhi amaqembu ahlukene awezomthetho enza ukuthunyelwa kwenkonzo esobala. Amadolobha amaningi ahlakaniphile manje anikeza izikhungo ezihlangene zentela yempahla, izitifiketi zokuzalwa, nezikhala. [[FLTT:4]] I-Ural Unicational Digitalog [ eqalwe ngo-2020] izinhloso zokwenza izinkonzo zikamasipalame ezinhla zezinkulungwane zezindawo zendawo. Nakuba ukuzalana kwamadolobha amancane, izitifiketi zentela zemali, iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa, izikhalovolo. [[FLT]

Ukugcwalisa Izinselele Nokugxeka

Naphezu kwemigomo ephakeme, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezibanzi zasemadolobheni aseNdiya kubhekene nezithiyo eziphawulekayo. Okokuqala, [[FLT: 0] i-ft ayinele. Izindikimba zendawo yase-Urban (ULB) zithembele kakhulu kuhulumeni naphakathi kwemivuzo, isizukulwane esibuthakathaka, imibuso, futhi izindikimba zendawo zimpofu, ziholela ekulibaziseni nokuhlelwa kwemithetho. [FLT:] i-FLD [F:5] igences [FOL] kanye negetle] [FFOL: [FFOLT]] [2] [5] phakathi kwezindawo eziningi, izakhiwo zezindawo, izifunda, futhi izimo eziphansi].[Foctives , umnotho ophansi kakhulu, umnotho wezentengokwayo.[5] [unyaka ophakeme kakhulu] [umbuso wobuchwepheshe obungaphezulu] [umbuso] [F.F.N.[10]

Ngokwesibonelo, i-Swet Cities Mission igxekwe ngokusondela kwayo ezindaweni eziphezulu, futhi ithatha iqhaza elilinganiselwe emadolobhaneni amaningi. Imisebenzi yokuzivuselela ngaphansi kwe-PMAY ngezinye izikhathi iye yaholela ekuthathekeni noma ekuvuselelweni okungafanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila kwezobuchwepheshe kanye “nokwehla kwe-"Izisombululo zingadlula izidingo eziyisisekelo njengamanzi ahlanzekile nenhlanzeko emagunjini ampofu.

Ukuhlola Izifo: Impumelelo Nezifundo

Ibhizinisi: Ukusuka Edolobheni Elingcolile Kuya Edolobheni Elihlanzeke Kakhulu

Indore, eMadhyya Pradesh, iye yabhekwa njengedolobha elihlanzeke kakhulu laseNdiya kaningi ngaphansi kwe-Swachh Survekshan. Impumelelo yayo yakhiwa ngokuhlukanisa udoti okuqinile emthonjeni, ukuqoqa umnyango, ukulungisa imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo ebhayweni, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi. Idolobha futhi lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe (i-GPS yokulandelela izimoto eziqoqwayo, ukuhlola kwangempela kwesikhathi). I-Ddore ibonisa ukuthi intando eqinile yezombangazwe, ukubophela umphakathi, futhi ukuphatha kahle kukamasipala kungaguqula inhlanzeko yedolobha.

U - Ahmedabad: Umfuziselo Wesigelekeqe Esisheshayo Nesithukuthezi Sasedolobheni

I-Ahmedabad’s i-Janmarg Isimiso se-Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) siye sadunyiswa emhlabeni wonke njengekhambi lokuthutha elibizayo, elihlelwe kahle. Ineziphakamiso ezinikezelwe, ukugibela, amathikithi akhokhelwayo, nokuqinisa ngamandla. I-Ahdabad nayo ihlanganisa i-BRT ne-metrol pnet yayo. Isimiso siye sanciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba nezokukhipha izimoto. Nokho, ukugcinwa nokwanda kubhekenezinselele ngenxa yokutholakala kwendawo nokusebenza kwemigwaqo kanye nokusebenza nabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo.

U - Thubanaswar: Iphayona Elihlakaniphile Lasedolobheni

Buthananesiwar, enye yezindawo zokuqala ze-Smart Cities, iye yasebenzisa iqophelo elihlakaniphile lokulawula i-plugin, ukuphatha kwezimoto okuhlakaniphile, nekhadi elihlakaniphile elivamile ezinkonzweni eziningi. Yagxila futhi ekulondolozweni kwefa nasezindaweni eziluhlaza. Izakhamuzi zedolobha ezibophayo zisiza ekuhlanganiseni ukuzwana. Isifundo: ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ICT nokuguqula ukwakheka kungadala i-fashoni elinganayo, kodwa ukuphakama kudinga ukusekela okuqhubekayo nokuqina kwezombangazwe.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Iziqondiso Eziwusizo Zokuhlala Usemadolobheni

Njengoba inani labantu elilindelwe e - India landa emadolobheni, uhulumeni kumelwe uqinise imizamo yawo.

  • Izimali zikamasipala eziqinisayo: Amagunya e-ULB okunyusa inzuzo ngentela yempahla, ukuminyana, inani lokuthunjwa kwezindawo, nezibopho zikamasipala. Uhulumeni kakade uvumele izibopho zentela zikamasipala; lokhu kudinga ukulinganisela.
  • Ukuhlelwa kwamadolobha okufakiweyo: Ukususwa kumsebenzi [1] kusuka ku-projekthi kuya ekuhleleni ukuphuhliswa okusekelwe ku- ~i. Khuthaza amadolobha ahlangene, ukusebenzisa isakhiwo esixubile, nentuthuko ebekwe-transmite yokunciphisa ukwehla.
  • isakhiwo esiqinile nesakhiwo esiluhlaza: izikhukhula zasedolobheni, amaza okushisa, nokuntuleka kwamanzi kudinga izixazululo ezisekelwe emvelweni(/i-rainter") ukuvunwa kwamanzi, uphahla oluluhlaza, amahlathi asedolobheni, kanye nendawo ekwazi ukugcinwa. i-Urban Governance Programme[
  • [[NT.0] Ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa i-equality: Sebenzisa ukwaziswa okuvulekile, GIS, I, ne-IOT ukuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwenkonzo, kodwa uqinisekise ukutholakala kwamaqembu aphansi afunyenweyo. Izisekelo zezemishini kufanele zibhekwe njengohle emphakathini.
  • Ikhono lokuhlanganisa izikhungo: Izisebenzi zikamasipala, ukwenza i-transline jamp, nokuqinisa ukulandisa ngemisebenzi ebonakala ngaphezulu.
  • Ukuthatha iqhaza lomuntu siqu nomphakathi: ubudlelwano bobuso-mqoka bokuthutha okukhulu, izindlu ezibizayo, nokuphatha udoti kungaletha ukuphumelela kanye nenhloko, kodwa kumelwe kuhlanganise izivikelo emiphakathini esengozini.

Isiphetho

Ukuguqulwa kwamadolobha kuyimizamo eyinkimbinkimbi, ephakeme. Imisebenzi kahulumeni ehamba phambili ethatha ama-odolobha eMithenwa. Imishini ehamba phambili ehamba phambili ehamba phambili. Izindawo zokuhlala, i-AMRUT, i-Swach Bharat, i-Swach, ne-atcaret yokulawula kwezimiso zezokusebenza kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, i-inze ithuthuke ngokunelisa intuthuko yezemfundo, i-enkonzo, nenhlanzeko. Nokho, izinselele zezokuthutha abantu emadolobheni zidinga ngisho nesibindi. Izinselele zezezimali, ukubambisana kwezenhlalo, ukuhlangana, ukulingana, nokuhlala kwezindawo nendawo ezungezile, ukubusa nokuzinziswa kwezindawo ezisemgwaqweni zihlala phambili, uhulumeni, nokubambisana komphakathi, nokuhlangana kwezindawo, i-1963, i-Ediatray, i-momesss, i-om, i-ovent

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, bheka iwebhusayithi ye- esemthethweni yeMission , Ukuhlelwa kwezindawo nezindaba zase Urban, kanye ne i-Bank yase-Indiya ethuthukisayo ye-dolobha [.