Ukukhetha kumelela enye yezinsika eziyisisekelo kakhulu zokubusa kwentando yeningi, esebenza njengenqubo eyinhloko lapho izakhamuzi zisebenzisa khona ilungelo lazo lokuzinqumela futhi zilolonge ikusasa lemiphakathi yazo, izifunda, nezizwe. Ebuthweni lentando yeningi, igunya likahulumeni lithathwa kuphela ngokuvuma kwababuswayo, futhi ukukhetha kunikeza uhlelo olubalulekile lokuhumusha lowo ovuma igunya elingokomthetho likahulumeni. Ukuqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wokhetho usebenza kanjani, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemincintiswano yokhetho, nokuthi kungani izindaba zokuthatha isinyathelo ngazinye zibaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani ofuna ukungenela ngokunenzuzo enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Yini Okukhethwayo Okubalulekile Futhi Kungani Kubalulekile?

Ukhetho luyinqubo engokomthetho yokwenza izinqumo zeqembu lapho ingxenye noma bonke abantu noma iqembu bevota khona ukuba bakhethe umuntu noma abantu abaningi ukuba babe nesikhundla somphakathi noma isikhundla somthwalo wemfanelo. Ukukhetha bekuyinqubo evamile idemokrati yentando yeningi yabameleli banamuhla eye yasebenza ngayo kusukela ngekhulu le-17, inikeza indlela enokuthula nehlelekile yokudlulisela amandla nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uhlala ulandisa kubantu abakhonzayo.

Inkokhelo yenza abavoti bakwazi ukukhetha abaholi futhi babanike icala ngemisebenzi yabo esikhundleni. Lomsebenzi wokulandisa ubalulekile ekubuseni kwentando yeningi, njengoba udala izisusa zezikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuba zihlale zisabela ezidingweni nasezinkathazweni zazo. Ithuba lokulawula abaholi ngokufuna ukuba bazithobe okhethweni oluvamile nolwezikhathi ezithile lisiza ekuxazululeni inkinga yokulandelana kobuholi futhi kanjalo kube nengxenye ekuqhubekisweni kwentando yeningi.

Ukubaluleka kokhetho olukhululekile nolungakhethi akunakuchazwa ngokungaphezulu. Ebuthweni lentando yeningi, inqubo eyinhloko yokuhumusha igunya likahulumeni iwukuba nokhetho olukhululekile nolungakho. Nokho, akuzona zonke izinqumo ezifeza izinjongo zentando yeningi. Imibuso yobushiqela edonsa i-demokrati, imibuso yobuMarx ephethe isigaba esisodwa, nohulumeni ababodwa nabo futhi bahlela ukunikeza umthetho osemthethweni, ngokhetho olunganikeza umlandeli oyedwa kuphela noma uhlu lwababezothatha izinqumo, noma ngokuqinisekisa ngokuthi kukhethwe ngokwesatshiswa noma nge-pali eligunyaziwe likahulumeni kuphela.

Ukuziphendukela Okungokomlando Kokwahlukanisa

Inkokhelo inomlando ocebile owedlulela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Okhetho lokuqala oludumile lwezikhulu ezisehhovisi lomphakathi, lapho zonke izakhamuzi zazifanelekela khona ukuvota nokuthatha isikhundla somphakathi, lusukela emuva kumaEphors of Sparta ngo- 754 BC, ngaphansi kukahulumeni oxubene woMthetho-sisekelo weSpartan lapho isimiso sokukhetha esingu-onke-kabili esisetshenziswayo sohlobo lwezinga-mbili kanye nokuvota kwezwi kusetshenziswa. Ukuvota kuye kwasetshenziswa njengesici esivelele sentando yeningi kusukela ngekhulu lesithupha BCE, lapho idemokhrasi i-democritheritheric yaqala ukuvela kuhulumeni we-Athene.

Izindlela zokuvota ziye zaqala ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. E-Athene naseRoma lasendulo, izindlela zokuvota ezihlukahlukene zasetshenziswa, kusukela ekuboniseni izandla kuya ekuvoteleni okuyimfihlo. I-bolot eyimfihlo iyintuthuko yanamuhla, kodwa manje ibhekwa njengebalulekile okhethweni olukhululekile kakhulu nolungakhethi, njengoba ilinganisela ukuphumelela kokwesatshiswa. Lokhu kuvikelwa komvoti kuye kwaba isisekelo sokhetho lwentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke.

Amaqembu ezombangazwe aye aba khona ngokomthetho lapho uMthetho - sisekelo waseU.S. ubhalwa ngasekupheleni kwawo - 1780, njengoba abasunguli bezwe eqinisweni babenomuzwa wokuthi amaqembu ezombangazwe ayengeyona into enhle nokuthi ayezohlukanisa abantu omunye nomunye futhi alimaze umbuso wentando yeningi, kodwa eminyakeni eyishumi ngemva kokuba uMthetho - sisekelo ubhaliwe, i - U.S. yayinezinhlangano ezimbili ezinkulu zezombangazwe.

Ukuqonda Izimiso Zomdlalo

Isimiso sokhetho siyisimiso semithetho nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukunquma imiphumela yokhetho, ezisetshenziswa kwezombangazwe ekukhetheni ohulumeni futhi nasezimisweni ezingezona ezezombangazwe ezinjengebhizinisi, izinhlangano ezingazuzisi nezinhlangano ezingahleliwe, ezilawula zonke izici zenqubo yokuvota kuhlanganise nalapho kuvela okhethweni, ovunyelwa ukuba avote, ukuthi bangaki abavoti abafakwayo umvoti ngamunye, ukuthi abavoti baphawulwa kanjani futhi baphonswe kanjani, indlela ababalwa noma balinganiswa ngayo, indlela amavota abahunyushelwa ngayo emphumeleni wokhetho, imingcele ekukhishweni komkhankaso, nezinye izici.

Amazwe ahlukene asebenzisa izimiso zokhetho ezihlukahlukene, ngalinye elinezinzuzo zalo siqu kanye nokucabangela. Amazwe amaningi emhlabeni abona okhetho lulwiwa ngokuyinhloko phakathi kwamaqembu amabili aphikisanayo, aziwa njengengxenye ezimbili, lapho lamaqembu amabili asungulwe kakhulu futhi athandwa kakhulu ezweni, njengase-U apho umncintiswano uphakathi kwamaRepublican namaDemocrates. Amanye amazwe amaningi anezimiso eziningi ezihlukene lapho amahlelo ezomnotho, amaqembu ezinhlanga nezinhlanga, izifunda nezinye izifunda, izifunda nezinye izinkolo ngayinye ineqembu lazo.

Amazwe amaningi anezinhlangano ezisekela ukuguqulwa kwezinhlelo ezisekela ukushintshelwa kwezinye izimiso zokhetho ezinjengokumelela ukuhlelwa kwemithetho, ukuvuma ukuvota, ukuvota okungadluliswa kanye, ukuvota okusheshayo noma indlela yokuvota yeCondorcet, futhi lezi zimiso ezisetshenziswayo zithandwa kakhulu okhethweni oluphansi kwamanye amazwe lapho okhetho ababaluleke ngokwengeziwe basasebenzisa izindlela ezingokwesiko zokubala.

Inqubo Yokukhetha Ngokuphelele: Ukusuka Ekubhaliseni Kuya Emiphumeleni

Izimfuneko Zokubhalisa Ezinemisebe Ephambili

Ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela okhethweni, izakhamuzi ezifanele kufaneleka kumelwe zibhaliswe ekuvoteleni. Zonke izifundazwe namasimu, ngaphandle kweNyakatho Dakota, zidinga ukubhaliswa ngezakhamuzi ezifanele ngaphambi kokuba zivote kuhulumeni, kuhulumeni, kunoma isifundazwe nakukhetho lwendawo. Inqubo yokubhaliswa iqinisekisa ukuthi izikhulu zokhetho zingaqinisekisa ukuvota futhi zigcine imiquba eqondile yabavoti.

Kumelwe ube isakhamuzi sase-United States esineminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ukuba ubhalise futhi uvote, nakuba amazwe ejabulela igunya elikhulu lokumisa izimfuneko ezengeziwe kubavoti. Ezimweni eziningi, uzodinga ilayisensi yomshayeli noma i-ID kahulumeni yokubhalisa ukuba uvote, nakuba ungenazo lezi, ungakwazi ukunikeza ezinye izinhlobo zezincwadi, kuhlanganise nencwadi yebhanki noma isikhwama, kodwa izincwadi ezidingekayo odinga ukubhalisa ziyahluka-hluka ngokombuso.

Nakuba abavoti ngokomlando kwakudingeka ukuba babhalise emahhovisi kahulumeni ngosuku oluthile ngaphambi kokhetho, uhulumeni kahulumeni phakathi nonyaka ka-19990 wenza imizamo yokwandisa ukubhalisa ngokukhulula inqubo yokubhalisa nge-National Voter Religionation Act ka 1993 (umthetho "UMhongi Voter") odinga ukuba ohulumeni banikeze izinkonzo zemvume ezifanayo ezisemthethweni ngokubhalisa izikhungo zabashayeli, izikhungo zokukhubazeka, izikole, amalabhulabhu, nokubhalisa iposi, noma ukuvumela ukubhaliswa koSuku Lokuvota.

Muva nje, izifundazwe zisungule izimiso zokuvota ezizenzekelayo. Ngo-2016, i-Oregon yaba yisifundazwe sokuqala ukwenza ukubhalisa okuzisebenzelayo (ukukhipha amavoti) amaphepha-mvume okushayela, kusukela kulandelwa ezinye izifundazwe ezingu-15 ne-Frigion of Columbia. Ukuvota okuzenzekelayo kuye kwabonakala kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokubhalisa abavoti abasha nokunciphisa igebe lokubhalisa phakathi kwamaMelika aphansi naphezulu angenisayo, kanye nalabo ababebhaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo e-Oregon 43% yabo bonke abavota ngemva kokusebenza.

Izifundazwe eziningi zifuna futhi ukuba ubhalise neqembu lezombangazwe ukuba livote okhethweni oluyinhloko. Izifunda eziningi zihlela izinsuku zokubhalisa noma ukuvuselela imininingwane, kusukela emasontweni amabili kuya kwamane ngaphambi kokhetho, kuyilapho amazwe angu 25 no-Washington, D.C. anomvoti ofanayo, okwenza izakhamuzi ezifanelekele ukubhalisa noma ukubhalisa ngosuku olufanayo zivota ngalo.

Inkathi Yomkhankaso

Uhambo lokufuna ubuqotho luqala eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambili, abangase bahlolwe ukuba baxoxe, bahlole, futhi bafake imali ukuze balungiselele imikhankaso yabo.

Uma abazobhapathizwa sebeyimemezela ngokomthetho injongo yabo yokuqhuba, inkathi yomkhankaso iyakhula. Abathathi-nxaxheba bahlanganyela emisebenzini ehlukahlukene eklanyelwe ukufinyelela abavoti futhi badlulisele imiyalezo yabo, kuhlanganise nokubonakala komphakathi, izimpikiswano, ukukhangisa, nezimpande zotshani ezihlelayo. Kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni, kusukela endaweni kuya ezweni, abazomncintiswano bachitha isikhathi esiningi nemali bekhankanisela amavoti kubantu abambalwa, ababizwa ngokuthi "umvoti," nabahlaziyi bezombangazwe abangasho ukuthi ngaphambi kokhetho oludlule, amaphesenti angu-45 ayethathwa njengevota yamaRepublican kanye namaphesenti angu-40 entando yeningi, ashiya kuphela amaphesenti angu-15 kuphela engekho.

Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Nokusebenzisa I - caucus

Lenqubo ihilela ngokuyinhloko amaqembu amabili amakhulu ezombangazwe, iDemocratic Party neRepublicaan Party, aqhuba ukhetho lokuqala olwaziwa ngokuthi amaprimiriva noma ama - caucuse ukuze akhethe abazokhetha ubuzwe.

Amaqembu aba nokhetho oluyinhloko lokuqeda bonke ngaphandle komvotelwa oyedwa, isifundazwe ngasinye sinquma usuku lweziqu zaso, nakuba izifundazwe eziningi zivame ukuluhlela usuku olufanayo, nesibonelo esivelele kakhulu siwukuthi "ngoLwesibili," ngokuvamile ngoMarch, lapho amazwe amaningi afinyelela eshumini nambili egcina khona ukhetho oluyinhloko noma iziteshi.

Okhetho oluyinhloko luwela kwesinye sezigaba ezimbili: esivaliwe nesivulekile, ngokuvalwa okuvumela amalungu eqembu elithile kuphela ukuba avote kulowo mkhakha oyinhloko. Lomehluko ubalulekile ngoba uthinta ukuthi ubani ongahlanganyela ekukhetheni umphini ngamunye.

Ngesinye isikhathi kwamenyezelwa ukuthi, abazothatha isigaba bancintisana ezindlini ukuze bavikele ukumiswa kweqembu labo, baphethe eMhlanganweni wesizwe lapho umbhalisa onyulwe khona ngokomthetho. Injongo yomhlangano namuhla iwukuxoxa ngezimiso namasimu eqembu, futhi esikhundleni sendlela yokukhetha umlandeli weqembu lomongameli, umhlangano uye waba yithuluzi lokuveza nokuthuthukisa umlandeli ophumelele.

Ukukhetha Okuvamile

Ngemva kokuphela kwenkathi eyinhloko futhi amaqembu ekhethe abameleli bawo, ukugxila ekukhetheni inombolo. Ngemva kokumiswa kwemijovo, abazothatha iziqu babhekisa ukunakekela kwabo kumkhankaso wokhetho, ukuhlasela okuhleliwe okungaqinisekile lapho umvoti engaqiniseki. Lokhu kugcizelela okusebenzayo kubonisa iqiniso lokuthi ezindaweni eziningi, izindawo ezithile zithanda iqembu elilodwa, okwenza izindawo zokuncintisana zibe ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngosuku lokhetho, abavoti bafaka amavoti abo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kuye ngezinqubo zikahulumeni wabo. Amanye amazwe anikeza inkathi yokuvota kwasekuqaleni, kuyilapho amanye enikeza ukukhetha kweposi noma kweposi elingekho. isakhamuzi ngasinye siba umvoti ovotayo ngokukhetha kwabo, futhi ukuze ukhetho lufanelekele ubuqotho bentando yeningi, lenqubo kumelwe ikhululeke futhi ibe nesizotha ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa noma ukufumbathisa futhi ingabi nandlela yokuzimela.

Ukubala Nezatifiketi

Ngemva kokuhlola kuqediwe, inqubo yokubala amavoti iqala. Izikhulu zokhetho zilandela izinqubo eziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokucaca enqubweni yokubala. Imiphumela ibikwa kakhulu esiteji, bese ibekwa ezindaweni ezihlukene. Uma nje kubalwa kuphelele futhi kuqhutshwa noma yiziphi izingqapheli ezidingekayo, imiphumela ifakazelwa ngokomthetho yiziphathimandla ezifanele zokukhetha.

Imithetho yentando yeningi inikeza ukuba kukhethwe njalo, futhi e - United States, kukhethwe amahhovisi omphakathi njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili kuya kweyisithupha emazweni amaningi nangaphansi kukahulumeni, ngaphandle kwezikhundla zokwahlulela ezikhethiwe ezingase zibe nemibandela ethé xaxa.

Izinhlobo Zokukhetha E - United States

Ukukhethwa Komongameli

Ukhetho lukamongameli lumelela imincintiswano yokhetho ebonakala kakhulu futhi elandelwa kabanzi e-United States. Inqubo yokukhetha umongameli wase-United States iyenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine futhi iphawuleka ngobunkimbinkimbi nezenzakalo zayo eziphawulekayo. Isikhulu esiyinhloko silinganiselwe kumabinzana amabili eminyaka emine, futhi nakuba abantu bevota umsekeli wabo abathandayo, empeleni unqobi unqunywa yi-Electoral College, neqembu ngalinye elikhetha umongameli nomphathisifelo osebenza njengeqembu, isimiso esaqala ngemva kokumiswa kweSiphendulo se-12 ngo-1804.

Isimiso se-Electoral College sihlukile futhi ngokuvamile asiqondwa kahle. E-United States, umongameli ukhethwa ngandlela-thile esebenzisa inqubo yesiteji esibili lapho ivoti ethandwayo esifundazweni ngasinye ikhetha amalungu ekholiji elivotayo elikhetha uMongameli, elingaphumela esimweni lapho umvoti omningi ezweni lonke engayizuzi khona ivoti yasekolishi yokhetho, njengoba kwenzeka muva nje ngo- 2000 no-2016.

Lesimiso samakolishi esikhethayo singaholela ezimweni lapho umvoti ewina khona umongameli ngaphandle kokunqoba ithonya elithandwayo lokukhetha uhulumeni, futhi kuyilapho abanye bebheka ikolishi elikhethiwe njengendlela yokulinganisela ukumelelwa kwemibuso, ukusikisela kwalo ngenqubo yentando yeningi kuyaqhubeka kuyindaba yenkulumo - mpikiswano.

Uma kungekho mmeleli othola amavoti amaningi e - Electoral College, umongameli ukhethwa ngokuqondile yiNdlu Yabameleli, futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka, umbuso ngamunye uthola ivoti eyodwa kuphela.

Ukukhethwa Kwezishaya - mthetho

Ukhetho lweCongress lunquma ukuthi kwakhiwa iSishaya - mthetho saseUnited States, esinamakamelo amabili: iNdlu yabameleli neSigele. Lo khetho lubalulekile ngoba uMkhandlu unegunya elibalulekile lokushaya umthetho futhi usebenza njengenhlolo - phetho egunyeni eliphethe.

Amalungu esiGaqebhene sase-U.S. akhonza iminyaka eyisithupha, nalamagama ashaqisayo ukuze isihlalo sesigele esisodwa sesithathu sivulekele ukukhethwa njalo eminyakeni emibili. ISiphakamiso I soMthetho-sisekelo sayala ukuba abameleli bakhethwe izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, kodwa iSichibiyelo sekhulu le-17, esagunyazwa ngo1913, saguqula lenqubo ukuqondisa ukuvota kwabavoti, isimiso esifanayo esisetshenziselwa ukukhetha amalungu eNdlubeni.

Indlu yabameleli yenza ukhetho njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, bonke abangu-435 behlala ngesikhathi esisodwa ekukhetheni. Lomjikelezo wokhetho ovamile uqinisekisa ukuthi iNdlu ihlala ihlangene kakhulu nomzwelo womphakathi wamanje futhi ivumela ukushintshwa okusheshayo kokuqanjwa kwegumbi okusekelwe ekushintsheni kwezinto ezithandwayo.

Imibuso Nezinqumo Zendawo

Izikhulu zingagcwalisa amahhovisi esishaya - mthetho, ngezinye izikhathi kubaphathi abaphetheyo nakumajaji, nakuhulumeni wesifunda nasendaweni, njengamadolobha noma amadolobha. Uhulumeni nokhetho lwendawo ngokuvamile lunethonya eliqondile ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi kwansuku zonke, njengoba lezi zikhulu zenza izinqumo mayelana nemfundo, ukuphepha komphakathi, izakhiwo, indawo, nezinkonzo zendawo.

Ukhetho lukahulumeni luhlanganisa imijaho yombusi, izishaya-mthetho, abameli-mthetho, onobhala bezwe, namanye amahhovisi ezwe ahlukahlukene. Ukhetho lwendawo luhlanganisa izikhundla ezinjengemeya, amalungu omkhandlu wedolobha, amakhomishane esifundazwe, amalungu ebhodi lesikole, nabahluleli. Ngokwesilinganiso, amaphesenti angaba ngu-60 esigaba sokuvota samaMelika kukhetho lomongameli, kodwa kuvotelwa, uvotelwa wendawo ngokuvamile uphansi kakhulu.

Ama - referendem Nezinyathelo Zokuqalisa

Ngaphezu kokhetho oluqondile, imibuso eminingi ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zivote ngokuqondile ngemibuzo yezimiso ngezindlela zokuthatha isinyathelo. Lezimiso zedemokrasi eqondile zisiza abavoti ukuba bavume noma benqabe imithetho ethile, izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo, noma iziphakamiso zezimiso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa abameleli abakhethiwe.

Ama-referendendum avame ukuhlanganisa imibuzo ebekwe ebhodini lokuvota yizindikimba zikahulumeni, kuyilapho izinyathelo ziyizicelo zezakhamuzi ezifanelekela i-collet ngokusayina isicelo. La mathuluzi aqondile edemokhrasi anikeza enye indlela yokuhlanganyela ezakhamuzini futhi angasingatha izindaba izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezingase zingathandi ukusingatha.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuthanda Kwakho Kube Yizinto Ezithile: Amandla Okuhlanganyela Kumuntu Ngamunye

Ithonya Eliqondile Ekuziphatheni Nokubusa

Izikhulu ezinganakiwe zenza izinqumo ezithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kusukela ekuxhaseni imfundo nasekutholeni inzuzo yezemfundo nezimiso zempilo ezinikezwa imithetho yendawo ezungezile nesimiso sezomnotho. Ngokuvota, izakhamuzi zisebenzisa ithonya eliqondile kulezi zinqumo ezibucayi.

Isimo sentando yeningi siwukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zilandisa kubantu, futhi kumelwe zibuyele kubavoti ngezikhathi ezimisiwe ukuze zifune umyalo wazo wokuqhubeka zisesikhundleni, nemithetho eminingi yentando yeningi enikeza ukuba okhethweni babe khona ngezikhathi ezimisiwe. Lenqubo yokulandisa isebenza kuphela lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngokuqhubekayo okhethweni futhi zifaka abameleli bazo icala ngezenzo zazo.

Ukukhetha Okuseduze Nezici Eziwujuqu

Umlando ugcwele izibonelo zokhetho olunqunywa ama-over-fin, ebonisa ukuthi ivoti ngayinye ingawenza umehluko ngempela. Ezinhlangeni eziseduze, umphumela ungaxhomeke ekuvoteni okumbalwa, futhi ukuthatha isinyathelo komuntu ngamunye kuba okunzima nakakhulu. Uma izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi ukuvota kwazo akunandaba futhi zikhetha ukungahlanganyeli, zikwazi ukusho iphimbo lazo kwabanye ngenqubo yentando yeningi.

Umphumela oqhubekayo wezinqumo zokuvota uhlela imiphumela yevoti, futhi ngokwengxenye, ukuqondisa kwesimiso sikahulumeni. Ngisho nasezinhlangani ezingasondelene kakhulu, umvoti ophakeme uqinisekisa ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zinegunya elicacile futhi ziqonda kangcono intando yabameleli bazo.

I - metary and theography

Ebuthweni lentando yeningi elingaqondile noma eliyimeleli, ukuvota nokhetho kuyindlela abantu abakhetha ngayo abantu abazobamelela, kuyilapho benza izinqumo. Ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela ngentshiseko okhethweni, izakhamuzi zilahlekelwa ithuba lazo lokuba nemibono yazo, ukukhathazeka, nezinto eziza kuqala ezimelelwe ekwenzeni izinqumo zikahulumeni.

Uma amaqembu athile amanani abantu noma imiphakathi ithatha indawo ephansi, izithakazelo zayo zingashaywa indiva noma zidluliswe ngaphansi ezinqumweni zezimiso. Ngokuphambene, amazinga aphakeme okuhlanganyela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi aholela ekubuseni okungahlangani okuhlanganisa nokumelela.

Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wesibili Nempilo Yentando Yeningi

Ukuhlanganyela okhethweni kumelela umthwalo wemfanelo oyisisekelo wezentando yeningi. Intando yeningi idinga ukuthembisana kwezakhamuzi ngenkuthalo ukuze isebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Uma inani elikhulu labavoti abafanelekayo likhetha ukungahlanganyeli, kululaza isimiso sentando yeningi futhi kungaholela ekubuseni okubonisa lokho okuthandwa yingxenye encane yomphakathi kunokuba kubonise umphakathi omkhulu.

Umvoti omkhulu uqinisa ukubusa ngentando yeningi futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zimelela ngempela intando yabantu. Futhi zidlulisela isigijimi ngempilo nobungqabavu bezinhlangano zentando yeningi. Ukuhlanganyela embusweni womphakathi kubonisa ukuthembela komphakathi esimisweni sokhetho nokuzinikela ekubuseni ngentando yeningi.

Imiphumela Emide

Imiphumela yokhetho idlulela ngalé kwesikhundla esisheshayo sezikhulu ezikhethiwe. Izinqumo ezenziwa abameleli abakhethiwe zingaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo emiphakathini, ezindaweni, nakumazwe, iminyaka eminingi noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka. Ukubekwa kokwahlulela, ukutshala izimali, izimiso zemfundo, nezimiso zendawo ezungezile kumane kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zezindawo lapho ukukhetha kwanamuhla kunesimo sakusasa esingokoqobo.

Ngokuhlanganyela okhethweni, abavoti bayasiza ukunquma hhayi inkambiso yamanje kuphela kodwa futhi necebo lesikhathi eside lemiphakathi nezwe labo. Lesi sici sokubheka phambili kokuvota sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlanganyela kokucabangela nokwenza izinqumo ebhokisini lokuvota.

Izithiyo Zokusakaza Nemizamo Yokwandisa Ingxenye

Izithiyo Ezivamile Zokuhlanganyela Emishinini

Naphezu kokubaluleka kokuvota, imingcele ehlukahlukene ingavimbela noma inqande izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo ukuba zihlanganyele okhethweni. lezi zithiyo zihlanganisa izimfuneko zokubhalisa, imithetho yokuvota, izindawo zokuvota ezilinganiselwe, imigqa emide, ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuhamba, ukungqubuzana kwezinhlelo zomsebenzi, nokwaziswa okunganele mayelana nabazohlolwa kanye nezindaba.

Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi izinyathelo ezinjalo zivikela ubuqotho bokhetho, kuyilapho abagxeki bephikisa ukuthi zithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa imiphakathi ethile futhi zibangela imingcele engadingekile yokuhlanganyela.

Ukwandisa Ukufinyelela Kuyi - Ballot

Njengoba ziqaphela ukubaluleka kokuhlanganyela kabanzi, izifunda eziningi ziye zathatha izinyathelo zokwenza ukuvota kungeneke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inkathi yokuvota kwasekuqaleni, izinhlelo zokuvota ezingekhoyo, amavoti ngeposi, amahora okuvota anwetshiwe, nokubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo. Ukubhaliswa kwevoti kuye kwenza ukuba kube okufinyeleleka ngokwengeziwe eminyakeni eminingi, lapho i-Congress idlula i-National Voter Regavition Act (NVRA) ngo-1994 ngenjongo yokunyusa izilinganiso zokuvota kwesizwe.

Ubuchwepheshe buye futhi bafeza indima ekwandiseni ukufinyelela. Ezizweni eziningi, izakhamuzi ezifanele zingabhalisa futhi ukuvota kuyi-inthanethi, nakuba cishe uzodinga ilayisense yokushayela, i-ID ka-mosfeed ka-mode, kanye/noma izinombolo ezine zokugcina zenombolo yakho yokulondeka kwezenhlalo ukuba ibhalise kuyi-inthane, ngoba amazwe amaningi adinga ikhophi yesisayithi sakho kwi-hele.

Imfundo Nesivumelwano Semfundo

Ukuhlanganyela kwandayo kwabavoti akudingi nje kuphela ukususa izithiyo kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zinemininingwane nemithombo ezikudingayo ukuze zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo.

Imfundo ye - cobic ezikoleni, izinhlelo zokuthola iziqu zomphakathi, abaqondisi abavoti abangabodwa, kanye nemithombo yezindaba konke kunikela ekwakheni umshini wokuvota onolwazi. Lapho abavoti beqonda izindaba ezihilelekile nezikhundla zabazohlolwa abahlukahlukene, bangenza izinqumo ezibonisa ngempela izindinganiso zabo nezinto eziza kuqala.

Indima Yezinkolo Zezombangazwe Ekwahluleleni

Amaqembu ezombangazwe afeza indima eyinhloko ekuhleleni nasekuhleleni inqubo yokukhetha. Inqubo yokukhetha kamongameli iqala ngamaqembu ezombangazwe aseMelika, futhi iMelika ngokuyinhloko iyingxenye yesimiso seDidemocratic Party neRepublicaan Party, futhi nakuba kunamanye amaqembu, anamandla amancane kakhulu nethonya uma eqhathaniswa namaqembu amabili amakhulu.

Izindawo zenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile esimisweni sokhetho. Zifaka abazosebenza futhi zisekele, ziphuhlisa iziteji zemithetho, ziqoqa abavoti, zinikeza izinhlangano zenhlangano yemikhankaso, futhi zisiza abavoti ukuba bakhethe indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokukhetha ngokunikeza amalebula abonakalayo nezici zemibono. Nokho, ukubusa kwamaqembu ezombangazwe nakho kuye kwagxekwa futhi kwalungiswa imizamo ehloselwe ukunciphisa ithonya lobuthathi-hlangothi ezimweni ezithile.

Ukukhetha Ubuqotho Nokulondeka

Izikhulu zokhetho zisebenzisa izikhungo eziningi ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi amavoti ayavota futhi abalwe ngokunembile, ukuthi abavoti abafanelekayo kuphela abahlanganyela kuwo, nokuthi lenqubo ayisebenzi ngokukhwabanisa noma ngokuxhaphaza.

Lezi zindawo zihlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa komvoti, izilinganiso zokuvota, ukuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi zokuvota, ukuqashelwa kwabameleli beqembu nabaphathi be-partum, ukuhlola kwangemva kokhetho, nezinqubo zokubala ezibonisa ukuthi inqubo iphelele. Nakuba kungekho simiso esiphelele, izingqimba eziningi zokuphepha nokwengamele kokhetho banamuhla kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukukhwabanisa futhi kube yivela kancane.

Izikhulu zezokuvota nabakhiqizi bezimiso bayaqhubeka bezikhandla ekuqiniseni izinyathelo zokuphepha kuyilapho kugcinwa ukutholakala nokuphumelela kwenqubo yokuvota, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nokusongelwa kwemishini esetshenziswa kuyi - Internet.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngokukhetha

Nakuba lesi sihloko sigxila kakhulu okhethweni e-United States, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi okhetho lwentando yeningi luyenzeka emhlabeni wonke, ngalunye lunezici ezihlukile ezibunjwe yizimiso zomthetho-sisekelo ezihlukene, izimiso zokukhetha, namasiko ezombangazwe. Izindlela zokhetho nezingalingani ziye zasetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe entando yeningi, ngaphandle kakhulu kokuba amakoloni angaphambili aseBrithani naseFrance.

Ukutadisha izimiso zekhethelo kwezinye imibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi kunganikeza ukuqonda okuwusizo nemibono ngendlela ehlukahlukene yokulawula izimpawu, ukuhlanganyela nokubusa. Izinhlelo zokuhlola zokukhetha emhlabeni wonke nazo zinendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izindinganiso zentando yeningi nokuhlukanisa imikhuba engcono kakhulu engahlanganyelwa namazwe.

Ikusasa Lokukhethwa

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi umphakathi ushintsha, izimiso zokuvota ziyaqhubeka zivumelanisa futhi zishintsha.

Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisayo bunikeza kokubili amathuba nezinselele kukhetho. Ukuvota ngo-Online, izimiso ezisekelwe ku-breatchain, kanye nezisethi zokuvota ezithuthukisiwe zingandisa ukutholakala nokuphumelela, kodwa futhi ziphakamisa imibuzo ngokuphepha, ukufihla imfihlo, kanye nokwehlukana kwezibalo. Ukulinganisela ngokuqalwa kokulondeka nokuthola imvume kuhlala kuyinselele kubaphathi bokhetho nabenzi bezimiso.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Indlela Yokuhlanganyela Ngokuphumelelayo

Ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wokhetho oyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele. Ukuze izakhamuzi zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo enqubweni yentando yeningi, kufanele:

  • Qiniseka ukuthi babhaliswe ukuba bavote futhi bagcine ukwaziswa kwabo okubhaliwe kusebenza
  • Zigcine wazi ngezinyathelo zokhetho, zokukhetha nezikweletu ezizayo
  • Izimo zophenyo namarekhodi erekhodi ngaphambi kokuvota
  • Qonda izinqubo zokuvota ezisebusweni bazo, kuhlanganise nezikhathi zokubhalisa, izindawo zokuhlola, nezimfuneko zokuvota
  • Yenza icebo lokuvota, kungaba ngosuku lokhetho, phakathi nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, noma ngeposi
  • Khuthaza abangane, umkhaya nomphakathi ukuba bahlanganyele
  • Cabanga ngokuzinikela ngokuzithandela njengesisebenzi sokuvota noma isibukeli sokhetho
  • Hlala uhleli phakathi kokhetho ngokulandela inqubo nokuxhumana nabameleli abakhethiwe

Kulabo abafuna ukubhalisa ukuvota noma ukuthola ukwaziswa ngokhetho oluzayo, imithombo engokomthetho enjenge .gov inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi, okungaphakele ngenqubo yokubhalisa, izimfuneko zokuvota, nezinsuku zokhetho. Izwe namahhovisi okhetho asendaweni futhi anikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe egunya ngalinye.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha kwakha isisekelo sokubusa kwentando yeningi, kunikeza indlela ebalulekile izakhamuzi ezisebenzisa ngayo ubukhosi futhi zigcine abaholi bazo belandisa ngayo. Kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zokubhaliswa komvoti ngesiqinisekiso sokugcina semiphumela, inqubo kakhetho ihilela izinyathelo eziningi, izivikelo, kanye nabahlanganyeli abasebenza ndawonye ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi intando yabantu ibonakaliswa ngokunembile kuhulumeni.

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokhetho, kusukela emincintiswaneni yomongameli kuya emincintiswaneni yezinhlanga zendawo nakwemikhankaso yokuvota, kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ubukhulu obugcwele bamandla azo entando yeningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuvota isikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu ezweni noma kumalungu ebhodi lesikole lendawo, isinqumo ngasinye esikhethwayo sinomthelela ekulolongeni izimiso nezinto eziza kuqala ezithinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlanganyela komuntu ngamunye akunakuchazwa ngokungaphezulu. Zonke izindaba zokuvota, hhayi nje ekunqumeni imiphumela esheshayo kodwa nasekuqiniseni izinhlangano zentando yeningi, ukuqinisekisa ukubusa kwabameleli, nokuqondisa imiphakathi nezizwe isikhathi eside. Lapho izakhamuzi ziqonda ukuthi okhetho lusebenza kanjani futhi zihlanganyela kuyo, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuyachuma.

Njengoba imiphakathi yentando yeningi iqhubeka iguquka futhi ibhekana nezinselele ezintsha, izimiso eziyisisekelo ezingaphansi kokhetho aziguquguquki: uhulumeni uthola igunya lawo ngokuvuma kwababuswayo, futhi leso sivumelwano kumelwe sinikezwe ngokukhululekile ngokhetho olungakhethi, olukhanyayo, nolufinyelelekayo. Ngokuqonda lezizimiso nangokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kokhetho, izakhamuzi zifeza umthwalo wazo wemfanelo womphakathi futhi zisize ukuba intando yeningi ihlale iqinile, isabela futhi iphumelela ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngokuvota nokhetho, vakashela izisekelo zokhetho noma thinta ihhovisi lakho lokhetho lwesifunda ngezimfuneko eziqondile nezinqubo endaweni yakini.