Ukuqonda Ukulandisa Ezimisweni Zentando Yeningi

Ukulandisa kumi njengensika eyinhloko yokubusa kwentando yeningi, iqinisekisa ukuthi labo abaphathiswe amandla bahlala benokuphenduleka kubantu abakhonzayo. Ekusebenzelani kwentando yeningi, ukulandisa kudlulela ngalé kwemijikelezo yokukhetha; kuhlanganisa zonke izingqimba zokubusa, kusukela emikhandlwini yendawo kuya ezindlu zomthetho-mthetho wezwe nasezikhundleni eziphethe. Lesi sihloko sihlola isimo esihlukene sokuziphendulela ngentando yeningi, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwayo, ukubaluleka, izinhlelo zezwe langempela, kanye nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezivivinya amandla ayo.

Kulokhu kulandisa okulula, okubusa ngentando yeningi kusho ukuthi izikhulu zomphakathi — ezikhethwe futhi ezimisiwe i-— kumelwe zithethelele izinqumo zazo, zivume umthwalo wemfanelo wemiphumela, futhi zibhekane nemiphumela lapho zihluleka ukuhlangabezana namathemba omphakathi. Lokhu kwakha indida enikezwa lapho izakhamuzi zingavuza khona ukwenza okuhle nokuvumela ukuziphatha okungalungile, ngaleyondlela zivumelanisa isenzo sikahulumeni nesithakazelo somphakathi. Umqondo usuka emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka enkolelo yezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nemibhalo kaJohn Locke kanye nabalawuli bemithetho yanamuhla, abaqaphela ukuthi amandla angagwenywanga aholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi.

Ukulandisa kusebenza ngamazinga amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. ukulandisa okungenakulinganiswa kubhekisela ebuhlotsheni obuqondile phakathi kwezakhamuzi nezikhulu, obusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngokhetho, izicelo zomphakathi, nokuhlola imithombo yezindaba. Ukulandisa okuthe ngqo [ kuhlanganisa ukuhlola nokulinganisela phakathi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni — iziphakamiso, iziphakamiso, izinqumo, izinhlangano ezilwayo, kanye nezinhlangano ezilwa nokonakala. Ukuphendula okungathsingisiwe yicala [[] kuhlanganisa iziqu ezimbili, ezihlanganisa umphakathi wesizwe nezokuxhumana ezizimele eziphethe amandla okulandisa ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zezwe.

Izinsika Zokulandisa

Ukulandisa okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ezinsikeni ezintathu ezincikene, ngayinye iqinise ezinye. Ngaphandle kwanoma isiphi isici, isimiso siyawohloka futhi izingozi ziwohloke.

  • Itshe eliyinhloko lokulandisa liyi-&rsquo kahulumeni; ilungelo lokwazi. Ohulumeni kumelwe baveze ulwazi olusheshayo mayelana nohlelo lwemali, izinqubo, izivumelwano, nezinqubo zokwenza izinqumo. Imithetho enjengenkululeko Yolwazi eUnited States nomthetho ofanayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-120 inikeza izakhamuzi ukufinyelela ngokomthetho emarekhodini kahulumeni. Ukuveza izimpawu kunika izihloko zezindaba, abacwaningi, nabantu abavamile amandla okuhlola izenzo ezingokomthetho.
  • Izikhulu kumelwe zichaze izenzo zazo lapho zibuzwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzwa kwephalamende, izingqungquthela, izinkulumo zomphakathi, nemibuzo ehleliwe. Ukuphendula kudinga ukuba labo abanegunya banikeze ukulunga okucatshangelwayo kokukhetha kwabo futhi bavume amaphutha lapho ubufakazi bubonisa ukuhluleka. Isiko lokuvikela noma lokufihla imfihlo lisusa ukuphenduleka futhi libangele ukungathembani.
  • Ukulandisa okungenamiphumela kumane kuyinkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Izimiso ezigunyazayo zihlanganisa nokhetho (izinhlangano zingasusa), ukubukeza kokwahlulela (inkantolo zingahlasela izenzo ezingekho emthethweni), ukumangalelwa ngenxa yenkohlakalo, ukujezisa, inhlawulo, nesijeziso sokulawula. Usongo oluqinisekile lwezijeziso luvimbela ukuziphatha okungafanele nokuthatha indiva.

Okwenza Izindaba Zokulandisa Zibe Yizindaba Zokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ukulandisa akuwona umgomo ongabonakali; kuveza izinzuzo ezingokoqobo eziqinisa imiphakathi yentando yeningi. Ukucwaninga ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge World Bank ne Open Government Partership [ kubonisa ukuthi ohulumeni abazolandisa baletha imiphumela engcono ezindinganisweni eziningi.

  • Ukwakha ukuthemba Umphakathi: [[FLT]] Lapho izikhulu zilandisa ngezenzo zazo, izakhamuzi zihlakulela ukuqiniseka ukuthi uhulumeni ufeza izithakazelo zazo kunokuba inzuzo yazo siqu noma yemibuso. Ukwethemba kuyimali yentando yeningi; ngaphandle kwayo, izivumelwano zomphakathi ziyancipha, futhi ukubusa noma ukubusa ngemposa kungazuza indawo.
  • Izikhulu eziqalayo zithola: Izikhulu ezifuna ukulandisa zithambekele kakhulu ekusekeleni izinqumo ebufakazini ngoba ziyazi ukuthi kumelwe zizithethelele kamuva. Lokhu kuholela ekuhlelweni kwezimiso ezingcono, ukuhlelwa kwemithombo yemali, nezinkonzo zomphakathi ezingcono kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe anezimo eziqinile zokulandisa athambekela ekubeni namanani aphansi okufa kwezinsana, ukufinyelela imfundo ephakeme, kanye nezakhiwo ezithatha indima enkulu.
  • Ukusungula Ukonakala Nokusebenzisa Kabi Amandla:[ ichuma ebumnyameni. Ukubona nokuqiniswa kwemithetho kukhanyisa ukukhanya ekuziphatheni okungemthetho, kuphakamisa ingozi kulabo abasebenzisa kabi ihhovisi lomphakathi ukuze bazuze ngasese. Ukukhomba Ikhomputha Index[ njalo kubonisa ukuthi idemocratial enezinqubo zokulandisa eziqinile ezisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ekukhohliseni.
  • Ukulandisa okuhlanganisa ukubusa: kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaqembu ahluliwe angafuna amalungelo awo futhi abeke izikhulu umthwalo wokucwasa noma ukunganaki. Imishini efana nezimiso zomphakathi zokukhononda, ukulinganisela, kanye nokuhlela uhlelo lwemali yokuhlukanisa inikeza izwi kulabo abakhishwe embusweni ongokomlando owenziwe.

Omshini Oyinhloko Wokulandisa Kwentando Yeningi

Imibuso elawula i - democracism isebenzisa ithuluzi elihlukahlukene lezindlela zokulandisa, ngalinye lifeza indima ehlukile esimisweni sonke.

Ukulandisa

Ukukhetha kuhlala kuyindlela eqondile yokulandisa. Abavoli bangabonisa ukuvunyelwa noma ukungavunyelwa ngokuhlela futhi noma ngokususa abakhiqizi. Nokho, ukulandisa kokhetho kusebenza kangcono kakhulu uma abavoti bekwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa okucacile mayelana nama-’ ukusebenza, lapho izimiso zeqembu zincintisana, futhi lapho izinqubo zokukhetha zilungile futhi zikhanya. Imingcele yemithetho, ukukhumbula ukhetho, kanye nokukhishwa kwezimiso ze-officreate yenezela izingqimba ezengeziwe zecala lokhetho emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Ukuphatha Kokwahlulela

Izinkantolo ezizimele zingabukeza izenzo eziphethe nezingokomthetho ezivumelana nezindinganiso zomthetho-mthetho. Ukubukeza kokwahlulela, uma kwenziwa ngamandla, kungashaya imithetho noma iziyalezo eziphula amalungelo noma ezidlula igunya elingokomthetho. Izinkantolo eziphetheyo namahhovisi ombuso kunikeza izakhamuzi amathuba okubekela izinqumo zomthetho inselele. Ukuzibusa komthetho kuyagxeka; ezinqikelelweni eziningi ezisanda kuvela, izinkantolo zibhekene nokucindezela kwezombangazwe okululaza indima yazo yokulandisa.

Ukuphatha Okungokomthetho

Amaphalamende namangqungquthela ahlola izenzo zezikhulu ngokuqulwa kwezindaba zamakomiti, ukuhlola, ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo, nokuqinisekiswa. Abaqondisi-mthetho bangabiza izikhulu ukuba zifakaze, zifune izincwadi ezifunwayo, futhi zenze imibuzo engokomthetho. Ukuqondisa kwemithetho kudinga imithombo yezisebenzi eyanele, ukubambisana okuphambanayo, futhi abezombangazwe bazimisele ukubekela inselele izinto eziyinhloko eziyinhloko. I-Congress ’ ukuhlola amahlazo eWatergate kuseyisibonelo esivelele sokuqondisa ukushayela kwemithetho.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nezokuhlola

Iphephandaba elikhululekile nelizimele lisebenza njengendawo yokuqapha, livumbulula ububi izikhulu ezingathanda ukubufihla. Ukuhlola izimali kuveza ukonakala, ukwehluleka kwezimiso, nokuxhashazwa kwamalungelo abantu, kuletha ukunaka komphakathi nokuphoqelela. Izikhangiso ezingenamidanso Izwe Lomfelandawo iqokomisa ukuvumelana phakathi kwenkululeko yokucindezela nokulandisa. Izezindaba zezezigelekeqe ziye zandisa lendima, zenza izikhululi zezindaba nezindawo zokushaya i-appliter zikwazi ukunezela ukubika okungokwesiko.

Umphakathi Wangaphakathi Nabavikeli Abangahleli

Amaqembu alwela amalungelo abantu, izinja ezilwa nokonakala, izinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nezinkampani ezingochwepheshe ziqondisa ukusebenza kukahulumeni, zisekela izinguquko, futhi zihlongoza umphakathi. Zivame ukugcwalisa izikhala lapho izimiso ezihleliwe zibuthakathaka noma zithunjwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Transparency International &ctrsquo; ukunqanda ukonakala kuye kwakhuthaza imithetho elwa nokonakala emazweni amaningi.

Izinkonzo Zokuphenyiswa Okuphakeme Nenja Ezimele

Iziqu ezinjenge-Hulumeni Accounting Office (GAO) ye-U.S. noma uPrincial General emazweni amaningi e-Commonwealth zihlola izindleko zomphakathi futhi zihlola ukusebenza kohlelo. Lezi zindikimba zisebenza ngaphandle kwesikhulu futhi zibika okutholwa izishaya-mthetho nomphakathi. Imibiko yazo ingabangela uphengululo, ukulungisa uhlelo lwemali, noma izinguquko zezimiso.

Inkululeko Yolwazi

Ukuthola imithetho yokwaziswa kunika izakhamuzi amandla okucela amarekhodi ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, ukukhuthaza ukuba sobala nokuqondisa. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo, le mithetho inciphisa ukufihla izihloko zezindaba futhi inikeza izintatheli, abacwaningi nabashisekeli izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe amandla.

Ukulandisa Ngalé Kwezimo Ezibusa Ngentando Yeningi Ezihlukene

Izindlela zokulandisa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezwe i - ’ zinikeza isimiso somthetho - sisekelo, amasiko ezombangazwe, nomlando.

  • Izimiso ze-Pursidienism: E-United States namazwe amaningi ase-Latin America, amandla anamandla alinganiswa isishaya-mthetho esizimele nesahluleli. Izinqubo zokuzimela zinikeza inqubo engokomthetho yokususa amongameli, nakuba ukuhlanganisa izifunda zomhlaba kwezombangazwe ngokuvamile kwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela izakhiwo ezidingekayo ezinkulu.
  • Izimiso zobuProthestiki: EWestminster-style njenge-United Kingdom, Canada, ne-Australia, umphathi uthathwa futhi uthathelwe icala kumphathi wendlu yomthetho. Amavote okungathembi angabangela ukukhetha okusha, kwakha ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kokusinda kwesikhulu nesisekelo sephalamende. Umbuzo iNkathi ye-UK House of Commons iveza ukuphenduleka okuqondile.
  • Izikhulu ze-Democracy: Emiphakathini ehlukene enjengeBelgium, iLebanon, noma i-Northern Ireland, ukulandisa kusebenza ngamalungiselelo alawula amandla adinga ukuvumelana phakathi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga noma enkolo. Nakuba lokhu kungavimbela izingxabano, kunganciphisa futhi ukugqashuka kokulandisa uma amaqembu amaningi ehlanganyela umthwalo wemfanelo wezinqumo.
  • Izici zedemokrasi: amazwe anjenge Switzerland ahlanganisa izinhlangano zabameleli kanye nezinyathelo ezivamile, avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zenqabe imithetho ngokuqondile noma zihlobise ezintsha. Lokhu kunezela ungwengwezi oluthe xaxa lokulandisa ngaphandle kokhetho.

Izifundo zecala lezwe langempela lokulandisa

Ukuhlola izibonelo ezicacile kusikhanyisela indlela ukulandisa okusebenza ngayo ekusebenzeni nasekufezeni impumelelo nokushiyeka.

Inqaba YaseWatergate Nokuwa KukaMongameli

Ngo-1971, ikhefu elisendlunkulu ye-Democratic National Committee eWashington, D.C., labangela uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezagcina ziphoqelele uMongameli uRichard Nixon ukuba aphume ngo-1974. Umbiko wobuPhini kaBob Woodward noCarl Bernstein ] [[FLT:]] iSikhululo Washington [[ sagcina indaba iphila, kuyilapho iKomiti yeSigeqe ibambe amazwana ezwe aphezulu athinta isizwe. Inkantolo Ephakeme, ehlangene ne-United States. [FLT][FLT], yayala ukuba kukhululwe amakhasethi endlu amhlophe afihlekile umongameli wendlu. Le nkundla yezindaba ekhululekile, futhi ezimisele ukubusa kwe-Gredickiptic.

Brazil & Actrsquo; S Lava Jato

Kusukela ngo-2014, ama-Brazil Federal Police, abashushisi, nezinkantolo zaqala uphenyo olukhulu lwenkohlakalo ehlanganisa inkampani kawoyela kahulumeni iPetrobr´ izigebengu, izikhulu zokwakha, kanye nenqwaba yezazi zezombangazwe ezivela ezigabeni eziningi. Lokhu kunxusa kwasebenzisa izicelo zobuntwana, ama-canep, kanye nokubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe ukuze kuvulwe ukufumbathisa okungadlulela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu zikahulumeni. Nakuba ukusebenza kwabhekana nokugxekwa kwezehlakaniselwa nabashushisi bezeli bezentengiselwano nezombangazwe, kwaholela ekuqashelweni kwezikhulu eziningi zezikhulu nezomthetho, kuhlanganise nowaye uMongameli uLucio Inzacute; u-la da Silda Sil. ULalato waveza kokubili ukufumba kwecala nobuhlungu endaweni ezungezile.

I-New Zealand ’ Ukusabela Kuyi-COVID-19

New Zealand’s government under Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern won international praise for its transparent, evidence-based response to the pandemic. Officials held regular televised briefings, published modeling data, and explained policy changes in plain language. The government also established an independent inquiry into its handling of the crisis. While no system is perfect, New Zealand’s approach showed how transparency and answerability can build public trust and enable effective collective action even during emergencies.

EKenya & Actrsquo; Iletha Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Nokulandisa

Kenya &ssquo; umthetho-sisekelo ka-2010 wakha ohulumeni bezifunda abangu-47, ngamunye onababusi abakhethiwe nababehlangene, beletha izinqumo ezisondelene nezakhamuzi. Ukuncishiswa kwemibuso, kuhlangene neKhomishane enamandla egunyazwe umthetho eHlanganisa i-Revenue Altation ne-operation progated joints, kuye kwathuthukisa ukulandisa ekunikezeni inkonzo. Izakhamuzi zingafuna izincazelo kuziphathimandla zesifunda sombuso ngokuqondile, futhi imithombo yezindaba icubungule izimali zezifundazwe. Izinselele zikhona, kuhlanganise nokonakala nekhono elilinganiselwe, kodwa isibonelo sinikeza izifundo zezinye imibuso eyandayo yentando yezwe.

Izinselele Zokufinyelela Isibopho Sangempela Sokulandisa

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo okucatshangelwayo, ukulandisa ekuziqeqesheni kubhekene nezithiyo eziphikelelayo ezingase zilulaze ngisho nezimiso ezihlelwe kahle.

  • 'ubukhulu kanye nolwazi Asymmetrity: Ohulumeni bavame ukumelana nokubonakala okugcwele, bahlukanise ukwaziswa ngezindawo zokhuseleko zesizwe ezingatshazwayo noma bahluleke ukuhlanganisa imibhalo egciniwe. Izakhamuzi nezinja ezigadekile zingantula imithombo noma ubuchwepheshe bokuhlaziya uhlelo lwemali noma imininingwane yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.
  • I-Platical Polatical: Lapho amaqembu ephatha umbango ngamunye njengempi yokulwa, ukuqondisa kuyasetshenziswa ekulweni. Kunokuba abeke ohulumeni icala lokwehluleka kwangempela, izishaya-mthetho zingaphishekela ukuhlola okushukunyiswa kwezombangazwe okuqeda ukwethemba umphakathi kulenqubo ngokwayo.
  • Ukukhomba noMnyango weZwe: Endaweni ezonakalisiwe kakhulu, izindlela zokuziphendulela ezingase zibekwe. Abashushisi, abahluleli, nabaphindi bangafumbathiswa noma besatshiswa. Izinhlelo zingabekwa noma zithunjwe. I-Media ingathengwa noma ithunjwe. Izwe lithunjwe i-— lapho izithakazelo zomphakathi zithola khona i-— inselele inseleleko eyinhloko yokulandisa.
  • Ukunganaki kobuPublic nokungaqondisi: Ngisho nasebuthweni obunempilo bentando yeningi, izakhamuzi eziningi azivoti noma zilandele izimpikiswano zezimiso. Zingathembela empucukweni efihlekile efiphaza ukusebenza kweqiniso kwezikhulu. Ukungathathi hlangothi noma ukhetho oludukisiwe lunciphisa ukulandisa okungaqondile, luvumela ukubusa okungalawuleki ukuba kuqhubeke kungavinjelwe.
  • I-Intenives vs. Ukulandisa okude-kwe-Term:[ Imijikelezo ye-Elector ikhuthaza ukucabanga okufushane. Izazi zezombangazwe zingamisa imisebenzi ebonakalayo esheshayo eminyameni emide yezezimali ezisekelwe ezingeni lezemisebenzi, imfundo, noma ukuqina kwesimo sezulu, zazi ukuthi abavoti banezinkumbulo ezimfushane. Izimiso zokulandisa zidinga ukuxoxa ngobulungisa nokuzinziswa kwenkathi ephakathi.

Ukuqinisa Ukulandisa Ngesivumelwano Secala

Ukuqinisa ukulandisa ngentando yeningi kudinga imizamo yenhloso yokuhlanganyela emphakathini futhi kwakhe ikhono lokwengamela.

  • Ukuhlelwa kohlelo lokuhlela: Ivela ePorto Alegre, eBrazil, lenqubo ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zinqume ngokuqondile ukuthi ziyoyabela kanjani ingxenye yemali yomphakathi. Kwandisa ukubonakala, kunciphisa inkohlakalo, futhi kuthuthukise ukukhokhwa kwenkonzo. Ama-galumente angaphezu kuka-500 emhlabeni wonke athathe uhlobo oluthile lokuhlela imali ngokwehlukana.
  • I-CITN qualing Committee:[ Iziphakamiso ezizimele zezisebenzi zokuzithandela noma ochwepheshe abamisiwe bangahlola ukuziphatha kwamaphoyisa, ukusebenza kwesikole, ukugcinwa kwendawo ezungezile, nezinye izindawo zokuhlela, ukubika obala okutholakele.
  • I-Digal Platforms ye-accomplication: Ivula ama-state olwazi, izimiso zokukhononda kwe-inthanethi, kanye nama-apps avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibike imigodi, ukufumbathisa, noma ukulahleka kwezinkonzo zomphakathi. ENdiya, i- iPaid iSifumbathiso [[] i-paid izisekelo ze-mfosholo yemibiko yenkohlakalo, idala ukwaziswa okusetshenziswa izisholo nomhleli ekuqhubeni izinguquko.
  • [ Imfundo ye-pivic:[ Izinhlelo zomphakathi ezifundisa izindinganiso zentando yeningi, amalungelo, nokubaluleka kokulandisa kuhlomisela izakhamuzi ukuba zifune ukubusa okungcono. Izakhamuzi ezifundile zisengozini kakhulu yokuvota, ukuxhumana nezikhulu, nokuhlanganyela nezindikimba zobuphathi.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekulandiseni Kwanamuhla

Amathuluzi emishini ahlaziya indlela ukulandisa okusebenza ngayo, okunikeza amathuba amasha nezingozi ezintsha.

Uma kubhekwa i-Black Live Matter, ama-Black Lives angenza ukuba umphakathi wezokuxhumana ulwe nokuziphatha okubi kukahulumeni ngokushesha, njengoba kubonakala kuyi-Black LiveMatter. Izincwadi ezilayishiwe ezise-inthanethi zingabangela uphenyo. Ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain bungathuthukisa ukubonakala kokwabiwa nosizo kuhulumeni. Ukuhlakanipha okusebenzayo kungahlaziya imininingwane emikhulu elawula izindlela zokusebenzisa imali ezingajwayelekile noma izimpawu ezithinta amaqembu asengozini.

Nokho, ubuchwepheshe buletha izinselele. Imithetho-mithetho ingasakaza ukwaziswa okungawakhi abaphathi ukuba bangathweswa icala. Ohulumeni basebenzisa kakhulu amathuluzi okuhlola ukuze baqaphele futhi besabise abashisekeli. Igebe eliphakathi kwenombolo lisho ukuthi imiphakathi encishisiwe ingakhishwa emizamweni yokuziphendulela kuyi-intanethi. Ukulinganisela phakathi kobuchwepheshe obungalawuleki ukuze kubonakale kuyilapho ukuvikela imfihlo nedemokhrasi kudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo.

Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke Nokulandisa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Izinhlangano nezivumelwano zomhlaba wonke kudala izimiso nezinqubo ezenza ohulumeni balandisa ngalé kwezinhlangano zasekhaya.

  • UMkhandlu wamalungelo abantu weZizwe Ezihlangene ukuziphatha kwe-Universal Peace Reviews zawo wonke amazwe angamalungu, izwe ngalinye kumelwe libike ngomlando walo wamalungelo abantu futhi libhekane nemibuzo yontanga nomphakathi.
  • [ INkantolo yeNkantolo yeNkantolo yezizwe zonke yeSigebengu ijezisa abantu ngokuqothulwa kohlanga, ubugebengu bempi, nobugebengu kubantu, okwenza abaholi babe necala ngonya olwenziwa ezikhundleni.
  • I-Piffered Interiation Initive ifuna ohulumeni nezinkampani kuwoyela, igesi, nezingxenye zezimayini ukuba zidalule izindleko nezimali, kuncishiswe amathuba enkohlakalo.
  • Izinkantolo zesifunda zamalungelo abantu njenge European Court of Human Rights ne Inter-American Court of Human Rights zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibeke inselele kohulumeni bazo phambi kwenkantolo yezizwe ezizimele.

Nakuba lezi zinqubo zingaphelele futhi zibhekene nokumelana kwezombangazwe, zimelela isimiso esandayo sokulandisa esinezela ezimisweni zesizwe.

Isiphetho

Ukulandisa kuwumgogodla wentando yeningi. Iguqula isithembiso esingabonakali sobukhosi obuthandwayo sibe ubuhlobo obuqinile, obuphoqelelwe phakathi kwezakhamuzi nabameleli bazo. Izindlela ezichazwe lapha i-&mdash, ukwahlulela, ukuhlola ukwahlulela, ukuhlola uhulumeni, ukucubungula komphakathi, izenzo zokwaziswa, izikhundla zokuhlola, nezimiso zezizwe ngezizwe, i-— yenza isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esisebenza kahle, lapho siveza ukusabela, ukwethembeka, nokubusa okuphumelelayo.

Kodwa ukulandisa akunakwenzeka unomphela. Kudinga ukuqapha njalo, ukuhlanganyela kwesakhamuzi, ukumelana nezinhlangano zezombangazwe ezizazisa iqiniso nomthwalo wemfanelo. Izikhulu zezwe kumelwe zivumelanise izinqubo zazo zokulandisa nezinselele ezintsha i-— ukudiffithera, izinkinga zesimo sezulu, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, nokuncipha kokuthembana — noma ukubuyela engozini yokuthatha isinyathelo ngokulawula noma ukuphatha ngempoqo.

Izakhamuzi zonke zinendima yokudlala. Ukuvota kumane kuyisiqalo. Ukuba khona emihlanganweni yasobala, ukufunda imibiko yokuhlola izibalo, ukusekela ukubheka ngezincwadi zophengululo, ukufuna ukuba abaholi babonakale, nokukhuluma ngokumelene nokungabi nabulungisa zonke izenzo eziqinisa ukulandisa kwentando yeningi.