Ukuqonda Amandla Omlando Womphakathi Ezindlebeni Zokuphatha

Izindlebe zezisebenzi ziyisisekelo sesinqumo sokuphikisa kwempikiswano kahulumeni. Noma uphikisa ukuncintiswa kwelayisense yochwepheshe, ukulwa nesinqumo sebhodi elungisa indawo, ukubekela ihlawumbi elisendaweni ezungezile inselele, noma ukukhangwa okukhangayo, umphumela uxhomeke ekwazini kobufakazi obunikeziwe. Phakathi kwenamandla kakhulu .(nekalokhu kunezisekelo zobufakazi obuphansi kakhulu) yimibhalo yomphakathi. Lamaphepha, afinyeleleka ngokomthetho kunoma isiphi isakhamuzi, angadalula ukuphikisa, ukuphamba okungokomthetho, nezindlela zokungalungisi okungafihlakali. Ukukwazi ukuthola, ukuthembeka, nokuthumela amarekhodi omphakathi kungaguqula isimo esibuthakathaka sibe esinethonyayo.

Amarekhodi omphakathi awalinganiselwe ezindaweni ezigciniwe zenkantolo. Ahlanganisa indawo yonke ukwaziswa okukhulu okukhiqizwe uhulumeni noma okuphethwe uhulumeni, kusukela emibhalweni yokuhlola nasemibhalweni yezincwadini kuya ekuhloleni okutholiwe nasemizuzuni yomhlangano. Ngomongo wecala, la marekhodi asebenza njengemithombo eqinisekile yeqiniso. Ngokungafani nofakazi, ongafundiswa ngenxa yokukhetha noma inkumbulo enephutha, umbhalo womphakathi ogciniwe oqinisekisiwe uveza ukuthembeka. Lesi sihloko sinikeza isiqondiso esibanzi sokuthola, ukuthola, nokusebenzisa amarekhodi omphakathi ukuze siqinise isikhundla sakho kunoma isiphi isenzo sokuphatha.

Yini Ebalulekile Eqoshiwe Yomphakathi Futhi Kungani Ibalulekile?

Phakathi nendawo, irekhodi lomphakathi yinoma yiliphi ibhukwana, ukuqopha, noma ukwaziswa okusungulwe, okwamukelwa, noma okulondolozwe yinhlangano kahulumeni ebhizinisini lomphakathi. Incazelo iyahlukahluka ngokweze ngokomthetho kodwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ama-imeyili, imibiko, izivumelwano, imvume, uhlu lokuhlola, amarekhodi, ngisho nemetadata. Isisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthola lezizinto sisekelwe ezimisweni ezivulekile zohulumeni, njenge-Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) nemithetho kazwelonke yokukhanya kwelanga.

Indaba yomphakathi enkantolo yokuphathwa kwecala ngenxa yokuthi inikeza ukulandisa okungaphucukile kwamaqiniso inhlangano engase ikhethe ukugcina kufiphele. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umnyango wedolobha unikeza isaziso sokwephulwa kwempahla yakho, umbiko ohambelanayo wokuhlola, izithombe zosuku, nezincwadi nabanikazi bangaphambi kokuba kube okubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukonakala kwakukhona ngempela ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Ngaphandle kwalawo maphepha, ushiyeka uphikisana nemininingwane ebhalwe isikhulu sikahulumeni.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zemibhalo Egciniwe Yomphakathi Esetshenziswayo

  • Umthombo ophethe: Irekhodi kumelwe livele kumphathi ongokomthetho, njengenhloko yomnyango noma isikhulu samarekhodi.
  • Ibonakala isobala: Amakhophi aqinisekisiwe, imibhalo ephawulwe ngamanzi, noma amarekhodi anesignesha noma uphawu athwala isisindo esiphakeme kunezithombe zesikhashana.
  • Ukwenzeka kwesikhathi:[ Amarekhodi akhiwe eduze nezenzakalo eziphikisanayo athatha isikhathi kakhulu kunalawo adalwa kamuva noma abuye akhiwe kabusha.
  • I-relevisence:[ Irekhodi kumele likhulume ngokuqondile ngempikiswano encintiswaneni(*) ukuthi iyiphutha eliyiqiniso, ukushiyeka okungaqondakali, noma isenzo senhlangano esiguquguqukayo.

Izinhlobo Zomlando Womphakathi Eziqinisa Icala Eliphethe

Indawo yonke egciniwe yomphakathi inkulu, kodwa izigaba ezithile ziphindeka njalo ezindlebeni zokuphatha.ngezansi kunezici eziningi ezibonisa ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lunethonya elikhulu, kanye nezibonelo zendlela engasetshenziswa ngayo.

Ukubhalisa Nokubhala

Uma ukuzwa kwakho kuhilela ilayisense yochwepheshe (yokwelapha, eyomthetho, eyokwakha, indawo, njalonjalo), i-metage ye-internator yenhlangano i-goldmine. Bheka umlando wakho welayisense, kodwa futhi hlola amarekhodi ezincwadi ezisemfashinini ezifanayo ezaye zaphathwa ngokuyekelela. Ukwelapha kokungalawuleki kungabhekwa njengokuwumthetho oweqinisiwe nongahleliwe. Futhi hlola ukuma kwemvume yanoma yimuphi umuntu okhonondayo noma ufakazi uma ufakazi esebenza ngaphandle kwemvume esemthethweni ngesikhathi sokugconwa, ukukholeka kwabo kungahoxiswa.

2. Imibiko Yokuhlola Nokuphula

Izinhlangano zendawo ezungezile, iminyango yezempilo, abacishi-mlilo, nabahloli bokwakha bakhipha imibiko eningiliziwe ngemva kokuhlola ngakunye. Lemibiko ivame ukuhlanganisa izithombe, imifanekiso, izingodo zemishini, kanye nenothi yomhloli. Cela lonke ifayela lokuhlola, hhayi nje ukufingqa. Bheka izimpawu ezilahlekile, izilinganiso eziphikisanayo, noma ubufakazi bokuthi umhloli wenqaba ulandele izinqubo ezivamile zokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umemezelo womsindo ukhomba isaziso esithatha isilinganiso se-decibel emgqeni wempahla, kodwa incwadi yenhlangano idinga ukulinganiswa emngceleni wempahla, unezizathu zokuphikisa ukufaneleka kobufakazi.

3. Izincwadi Nezincwadi Zokuxhumana

Ama-imeyili, izincwadi, nezingosi zocingo phakathi kwakho ne-sethi, noma phakathi kwezisebenzi zenhlangano, zingaveza ubandlululo, ukungaqondani, noma izindlela ezimfushane zokuxhumana. Izinhlangano eziningi zilondoloza isimiso esiphakathi sokulandelela iposi. Ukucela zonke izingcingo ezihlobene nendaba yakho, kuhlanganise nama-imeyili angaphakathi angaxoxa ngehele lakho ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isenzo esingokomthetho. I-imeyili eyodwa ethathwe ilungu lezisebenzi ethi “kudingeka sithole isizathu sokuphika lemvume” kuwumbukiso onamandla obonisa ukudluliswa kwemvume.

4. Ukuhlangana Nemizuzu Nemibhalo Edluliswayo Ezwayo

Uma icala lakho lihilela ibhodi noma ukukhomba (indawo, i-paream, i-insulance), ukuthola imizuzu noma amarekhodi azo zonke izinkonzo ezihlobene. Le mibhalo ingabonisa ukuthi indikimba eyenza izinqumo ilandela inqubo efanele ye-parediom nokuvota, ukuthi ukukhulumela komphakathi kwakulinganiselwe ngokungafanele, noma ukuthi ilungu lebhodi lasho amazwi acasulayo. Ukuhluleka kwendikimba yokuqondisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yayo yomhlangano kungaqeda isinqumo esibi.

5. Amarekhodi Ezimali Nawama - aspective

Amakhasethi kahulumeni, izitatimende zemali, kanye nezincwadi zokuhlelwa kwemali kungase kubonakale kungenamsebenzi ekushiyweni kwemvume noma ekudlulisweni kwemali, kodwa kungaveza izindlela ezibanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma inkampani ibhekene nokugawulwa kwemali futhi ihloselwe ukwandisa inzuzo, okufunyaniswe ukuthi izenzo zokugcinwa kwemali zingabonisa ukuthi zikhona phakathi nekota ethile. Nakuba lokhu kukodwa kungase kungakuzuzisi, kusekela impikiswano yokuthi isenzo esibi sasishukunyiswa ukucindezela kwemali kunokuba sishukuswe imibandela engokomthetho.

6. IziNkantolo Neziphakamiso Ezingaphambi Kwazo

I-ligitation ehlobene − ngisho noma ingafinyelelwa ngokuqondile ngendaba yakho . Isinqumo senkantolo yangaphambili sichaza umthetho ofanayo, okutholakele yiqiniso ezindabeni ezifanayo, noma ngisho nobufakazi obufungelwe bezisebenzi zezinhlangano ezisemicimbini ehlukene bungavezwa njengegunya noma njengezinto ezingagunyazi. Qaphela imithetho yamahemu ezindlebeni zokuphatha, kodwa izinkantolo eziningi zivumela ukuba isilinganiso esisobala esisobala kunenkantolo.

Indlela Yokuthola Amarekhodi Omphakathi: Izinyathelo Eziwusizo

Ukuthola amarekhodi omphakathi akuyona njalo eqondile, kodwa ukuphikelela kuyavuza. Nazi izindlela ezingasetshenziswa.

Sebenzisa IFOIA Nombuso Wesizungu

Kulelozinga likahulumeni, i-FOIA inikeza ilungelo elingokomthetho lokucela amarekhodi avela kwizinhlangano zegatsha eziphetheyo. Wonke umbuso futhi unomthetho wawo siqu werekhodi lomphakathi. Ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi “Umthetho oqashelweyo” noma“Uvule amarekhodi." Zivumelanise nomthetho oqondile olawula inxusa osebenza nalo. Imininingwane eyisihluthulelo yokuphawula: izikhathi zokuphendula (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-20 zezicelo zikahulumeni, ngokushesha kakhulu ngokwezwe), izindleko ezivunyelwe (izindleko zingakhokha izindleko kodwa hhayi ukubukeza amarekhodi), kanye nokungahoxi (umqambi, umthetho, ukugcinwa komthetho, izimfihlo, izimfihlo zezohwebo).

Njalo faka isicelo sakho ngokubhala, ubhale umthetho osebenzayo, bese uchaza amarekhodi ofuna ngokuqondeka. Gwema izicelo ezibanzi; izicelo ezimngcingo, ezihloselweyo ziveza imiphumela esheshayo futhi kunzima ukuba izinhlangano ziphike. Uma inhlangano yenqaba, incwadi yokuphika ngokwayo ingaba ubufakazi bokuvimbela.

Hlola Iziteshi Namamessage Angaphakathi

Izinhlangano eziningi manje zilondoloza izinhlelo ze-internet zokusesha zelayisense, imibiko yokuhlola, nezenzo zokuqinisekisa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-EFLT:0’S EPA’S FAIA ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlole amarekhodi endawo emvelo, kuyilapho isimiso se- PACTER [ sinikeza amaphepha enkantolo kazwelonke. Imithombo ephezulu kahulumeni iyahlukahluka; hlola iwebhusayithi kahulumeni wakho esemthethweni yokuxhumana nezinhlangano ze-authodis repositories. Layidiodio futhi ugcine amakhophi ngokushesha ngoba i-inthaneti ingashintsha ngaphandle kwesaziso.

Amakhophi Aqinisekisiwe

Izincwadi ezigunyaziwe zibhalwe ngomazisi ofaka isiqinisekiso kanye nesaziso esivela kumphathi oqinisekisa ukunemba kwaso. Amajaji amaningi omthetho wesifunda anikeza isilinganiso esikhudlwana emarekhodini aqinisekiswe ngamagama angaqinisekisiwe. Uma inkampani yenqaba ukugunyaza ngaphandle kokukhokhisa, kungase kudingeke ukhokhe iholo elincane.

Sebenzisa ama - “pupena ” uma kudingeka

Uma inhlangano ihluleka ukuveza amarekhodi aceliwe, noma uma udinga amarekhodi enhlangano ezimele ephethe izivumelwano zikahulumeni, cabangela ukukhipha i-topoena noma i-sucees teces. Izinkantolo zezikhulu ngokuvamile zinamandla angaphansi kwe-poena. Nokho, lesi sinyathelo sidinga amasu acophelelayo . "`i-subpoenas' kungabangela ukuphikiswa nokulibala." Ukubuza ummeli ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke.

Izinyathelo Zokuqopha Umphakathi Ezindlebeni

Ukuba nale mibhalo kuyingxenye kuphela yempi; ukuyinikeza ngokuthonya kungenye ingxenye.

Yenza isikhathi

Hlela amarekhodi akho abe yi-readchased noma i-paster yesikhathi esibonakalayo ukuze udwebe isenzo senhlangano ngayinye esimelene nomlando womphakathi ofanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umhloli ekhomba ukwephulwa komthetho ngoJune 1, kodwa ingosi yenkampani ibonisa ukuthi umhloli akavakashelanga kulendawo kuze kube ngoJune 3, okuyinguquko ebulalayo. Ukunikeza umahluleli womthetho wokulawula njengombukiso, unombhalo obhalwe ukuthi ungene ngamunye.

Qinisa Izimpawu Ezingaqondakali Phakathi Kwemibhalo

Qhathanisa amarekhodi ahlukene okufanele ahleleke. Ngokwesibonelo, amanani alandelanayo umbiko wokuhlola nesixhobo somhloli semisebenzi yansuku zonke. Uma umbiko usho ukuhlolwa kwamahora amabili kodwa uhlelo lubonisa ukucophelela okungu 20 kuphela, ungabaza ukucophelela. Ngokufanayo, qhathanisa izivumelwano zakho ne-ikhodi namaphuzu angaphakathi. Icebo elivamile: faka isicelo sakho wonke ama-FOIA (igama lakho, inani, noma umthetho okhona). Khona - ke hlola ukuphikisana phakathi kwalokho inkampani ekutsheleni kwakho ngamazwi nakubhalile ngaphakathi.

Sebenzisa Amarekhodi Ukuze UFakazi OFakazi Angakwazi Ukubhekana Nesimo

Uma isisebenzi senhlangano sifakaza ekuqulweni kwecala, ungasebenzisa amarekhodi omphakathi ukuze uphikise ubufakazi bazo. Ake sithi uma umhloli efushanisiwe uthi “ngaso sonke isikhathi” alandele uhlu lokuhlola lwenkampani. Uma uthole imibiko yangaphambi kokuba ukuhlolwa kohlu engaqediwe, noma amarekhodi okuqeqesha abonisa ukuthi umhloli akawuqedi umqulu odingekayo, ungawamisa lawo marekhodi ukuze aphikise ubufakazi. Uma uma umqondisi wezomthetho engabushayi mkhuba ubufakazi uma buphikisana nezincwadi zezinhlangano zezomthetho.

Yakha Isibonelo Somkhuba

Isenzakalo esisodwa singaba yisifekethiso, kodwa amarekhodi amaningi abonisa ukuziphatha okungaguquguquki akha indlela ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufisa inzuzo yokusebenza ngaphandle kwemvume, thola amacala afanayo ayishumi kuleyo nkampani ethumela amaphoyisa. Uma inkampani ivumela labo basebenzisi ukuba basebenzise isikhathi esithile esimnandi noma isijeziso esinqunyiweyo, kodwa inqaba indlela efanayo yokukwelapha, ungaphikisana nomthetho olandelwayo. Izinhlangano zezombuso kumelwe zisebenzise imithetho yazo ngendlela efanayo; ukwelapha okungalawuleki kuyisisekelo esiqashelwayo sosizo.

Izirekhodi Ziwukwaziswa Okungokomthetho

Kumahlulelo okuqondisa, izinhlobo ezithile zamarekhodi omphakathi anyathelisiwe (njengemithetho enyatheliswe, izincwadi zezezimali ezisemthethweni, nesaziso sokushaya umthetho (*) kungaqashelwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi akudingeki ukuba “ziqinise” ngokusemthethweni; umane ucele umahluleli ukuba aqaphele ukuthi ikhophi lencwadi. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukubonisa ukuthi inxusa elithile liphula izinqubo zalo ezinyathelisiwe. Ukunikeza umahluleli ngekhophi ehlanzekile yemithetho noma incwadi yezimiso futhi kuqokomise ilungiselelo eliqondile elinganakwayo.

Ukunakekelwa Okungokomthetho Nokuwusizo

Nakuba amarekhodi omphakathi enamandla, aletha imingcele, ukuwashaya indiva kungalulaza isimo sakho noma ngisho kukufake esichengeni.

Ukuba Wedwa Nokusabela

Amarekhodi amaningi omphakathi anemininingwane yomuntu siqu okumelwe ibhalwe ngokusha ngaphambi kokudalulwa: Izinombolo zeNyuselo yezenhlalakahle, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, ukwaziswa kwentsha, izimfihlo zezohwebo, noma ukugcinwa komthetho ophenyayo. Uma uthola incwadi engakaqashelwa ehlanganisa nokwaziswa okunjalo, ungayisebenzisi ngaphandle kosizo. Kungase kudingeke ubhale phansi umshini wokuvikela ulwazi oluyimfihlo. Ngokuphambene, uma inxusa lifihla ukwaziswa okumelwe kube khona obala, ungabekela inselele lokho okusenkantolo.

Ubumsulwa Bokuwinwa Nokuqinisekiswa Kwabantwana

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi leli dokhumende liyiqiniso, kumelwe kugcinwe umbhalo ogciniwe. Indlela engcono kakhulu isiqinisekiso esivela kubagcini bamarekhodi. Uma ungatholi ama-credict, ungadinga ukubiza umgcini-mgcini njengofakazi noma usebenzise ukuvuma kwe-ikhomphyuta ukuthi i-IT project ingumbhalo oqotho. Gcina zonke izincwadi ezihlobene nezicelo zakho zomlando; uma i-authorator ikuthumela incwadi nge-imeyili, ukuthi i-imeyili enamatheliswe kuyo ingasebenza njengesiqinisekiso sesisekelo, ikakhulukazi uma isimiso se-IT system sym sym iqala-ediactal iphindams nemiyalezo ephumayo.

Ukudelelwa Nokulibala

Imishini ingahlehlisa ukusabela, ithi amarekhodi awekho, noma ukuthi isicelo esikhulu sibangela umthwalo ongafanele. Ungakwamukeli ukuphika okungaqondakali. Uma ukhululiwe, hlola ukuthi kuyasebenza ngempela yini. Ngokwesibonelo, “inqubo elawulayo” ilungelo lokuvikela izingxoxo zezinhlangano mayelana nenqubo, kodwa hhayi ulwazi oluyiqiniso. Ungacela ukuphoqelela ukuthumba, nakuba kuthatha isikhathi. Ukugwema ukulahlekelwa usuku lwakho lokuzwa, qala izicelo zakho zokubhala zize zifike ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba uzwe. Uma isicelo sibambe isikhathi, cela umahluleli womthetho ophethe ukuba ahlehlise ukuzwa kwemali egciniwe.

Ukusebenza Ngeseluleko Esingokomthetho

Nakuba abantu bengazimelela ekuqulweni kwecala, ukuhlukahluka komthetho womphakathi ogciniwe wezezimali, impela, ukuqinisekisa, kanye nenzwa engaphandle, kungcono kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa nommeli. Uma iseluleko sokuqasha singakholeki, cabangela ukuya emthola-mthola- mpilo wezosizo olungokomthetho noma emtholampilo wesikole osebenza ngomthetho wezomthetho. Abaningi banikeza usizo lwesihle noma oluphansi lwezicelo ze-FOIA.

Izihibe Ezivamile Okumelwe Zigwenywe

Ngisho nabasekeli abangomakad ’ ebona bangawasebenzisa kabi amarekhodi omphakathi.

  • Ukuncika emakopini angagunyaziwe: A a printowebhthi ingakhishwa uma umahluleli engabaza ubuqotho bayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi zama ukuthola izinguqulo ezifakazelwayo zezincwadi ezigxekayo.
  • Ukufihla ukulondoloza ngokufanele imetameta: Amarekhodi ezibalo avame ukuqukethe imetadata (usuku lwensuku, umlobi, hlela umlando). Uma ushicilela i-PDF ngaphandle kokulondoloza le-metadata, ungalahlekelwa ubufakazi bokuthi idokhumende yashintshwa nini futhi ubani okokugcina. Gcina amarekhodi efomethi lawo lendabuko uma kungenzeka.
  • Ukubuza amarekhodi angabalulekile: Ukufaka umahluleli emaphephani angenaluzwela kulula ukuthambisa ubufakazi bakho obunamandla kakhulu. Yiba ngokhethayo. Uma uqala nje ukuqopha amarekhodi asekela ngokuqondile isici secala lakho(-iphutha elingokoqobo, ukushiyeka kwe-procedtural disect, ubandlululo, noma ukuphathwa ngokungafani.
  • Amarekhodi okugcina alandisa yonke indaba: amarekhodi omphakathi angangaphelela. Inhlangano kungenzeka icishe ama-imeyili phakathi nokukhishwa kwesimiso, noma umbiko kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshwe ngaphambi kokuba uwuthole. Njalo ufakaza ubufakazi bemibhalo neminye imithombo, njengobufakazi obuphathekayo.
  • Imithetho eqondana nombuso:[ Ezinye izifundazwe zifuna ukuba wazise inxusa lenhloso yakho yokusebenzisa amarekhodi athile omphakathi inani elithile lezinsuku ngaphambi kokuzwa. Hlola imithetho yokuhlelwa kwenkantolo ``Islayida' ukunikeza isaziso kungaphumela ekukhutshweni.

Isiphetho: Ubuciko Bemibhalo Yomphakathi Njengempahla Ehlelekile

Akumelwe kube nokuzwa okukodwa okungako ekusebenziseni amandla ombuso. Amarekhodi omphakathi anikeza inqubo yentando yeningi yokugcina izinhlangano zinecala, adalule amaphutha, futhi alinganise indawo yokudlala esobala. Ngokuthola ngokuhlelekile izinhlobo zamarekhodi afanele endabeni yakho, uwacele ngenkuthalo ngaphansi kwemithetho kahulumeni obala, futhi uwathumele ngokunemba phakathi nokulalela, ungaguqula ukunxusa okungokomfanekiso kube yimpikiswano edinga umphumela olungile.

Ukulungiselela kuseyisihluthulelo. Qala kusenesikhathi, gcina izicelo zakho ngokucophelela, futhi ungalokothi ululaze ukubaluleka kwe-imeyili eyodwa noma i-log yokuhlola. Isinqumo somthetho wokuqondisa sizoguqula amaqiniso(/namaqiniso anokwethenjelwa kakhulu avela kumafayela kahulumeni ngokwakhe. Ngamacebo achazwe lapha, uhlonyiselwe ukuguqula lawo mafayela abe izihlobo ezinamandla ekulandeleni kwakho ubulungisa.

Ukuze uthole esinye isiqondiso ezinhlelweni zeFOIA, vakashela i-website ye-FOIA. Imithombo eqondile yoMbuso ingatholakala ngenkululeko yesizwe yokwaziswa ye-Coalition.