Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme silandela futhi siqondana nesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme umsebenzi izakhamuzi eziningi eziwuthola uwesabisayo, kodwa kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ukungenela igatsha lokwahlulela likahulumeni. Izinqumo ezikhishwa yiNkantolo zihlela isimo esingokomthetho ezindabeni ezisukela elungelweni zomphakathi nasenkululweni yenkululeko yokuqondisa izigwebo. Ngenxa yokuthi imibono yeNkantolo ibhalwe ngolimi olungokomthetho futhi ilandele ifomu engcono kakhulu, ngokuvamile izimpicaba ukuze ithathe noma iqonde iphuzu elisemuva kwesinqumo. Lesiqondiso sinikeza indlela ecacile, yokuthatha isinyathelo ngenkani yokulandela izinqumo ezintsha njengoba zikhululwa nokuchaza izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho zingaphakathi kuzo. Ngokufunda indlela yokulungisa izakhiwo zomthetho, phawula izihloko zombono, futhi sisebenzise izindlela ezisebenzayo zokufunda, siyakwazi ukunyakazisa ukuqondisa ukuxoxa kwakho ezinkomeni zeNkadedalwe emsebenzini weNka.

Indlela Yokulandela Isinqumo Senkantolo Ephakeme

INkantolo Ephakeme ikhipha izinqumo zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMay kuya ekupheleni kukaJune, inkathi eyaziwa ngokuthi "Inkathi Yonyaka Yonyaka." phakathi nonyaka wonke, iNkantolo ingakhipha iziyalezo nemibono ngezikhathi ezithile ezicatshangelwe, kodwa izinqumo ezilandela leli gama zigxile kulamasonto okuthi uma zikhululwa ngokuphumelelayo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ulindeleni, nokuthi ungawulungisa kanjani umsindo ovela kuphawu.

Imithombo Engokomthetho: I - Website YeNkantolo Ephakeme

Umthombo onegunya kakhulu wanoma isiphi isinqumo yiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeNkantolo . Ezinsukwini zombono, iNkantolo ifaka ama-PDS emibonweni ephelele, kanye nohlu lwabahluleli abahlanganyela ingxenye ngayinye yesinqumo. I-website futhi inekhalenda lezimemezelo ezihleliwe zombono, umlomo wenkulumo yomsindo, nemithetho yeNkantolo nezimiso. Iphawulo "Opines" futhi ihlole ngezinsuku lapho iNkantolo ihleli. I-PDS ikhululekile ukulayisha futhi iyimibhalo eqinisekileyo yonke imithetho.

Izindatshana Nokubika Okungokomthetho

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezindaba ezinjenge-Reuters, i-Associated Press, ne-The New York Times ziye zanikezela izintatheli zeNkantolo Ephakeme ezishicilela izifushaniso nokuhlaziya phakathi nemizuzu embalwa ikhishwayo. Le mininingwane ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ngokushesha umphumela ongezansi kanye nezingabalulekile. Ukuhlaziya okujulile, izindawo ezikhethekile zezindaba ezingokomthetho njenge-SCOTUSblog ezinikeza ukulandisa okuphilayo, ukukhulumela, nokuchaza kolwazi, nezincazelo ezicacile zemibono eyinkimbinkimbi. [FLT]STUSCOBlog[ ibhekwa njengendinganiso yegolide efinyelelekayo, umagazini weNkakhulu.

Izikhokhelo Nesixwayiso

Akudingeki ukuba uhlole amawebhusayithi nsuku zonke ngezandla. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza amapheshana e-imeyili futhi zisunduze izixwayiso ezithi uma uthola isinqumo esibalulekile. I-SCOTUSblog inikeza iposi le-imeyili yamahhala elibhalwe kafushane futhi lixhumene nemibono. INkantolo Ephakeme ngokwayo inikeza isehlo semininingwane yemibono emisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulatifomu okucwaninga angokomthetho anjenge-Justia ne-Cornell Legal Information Institute anikeza izinkonzo zenkokheli ezidlulisela izikhokhelo ezidluliselwe emacaleni athile noma ezihlokweni ezingokomthetho.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nezinkulumo Ezingcolile Zezenhlalo

Landela izintatheli zeNkantolo Ephakeme, izazi zomthetho, kanye nama-akhawunti ezenhlalo ezindaba ngoX (eyayiyi-Twitter) ukuze ithole ulwazi olungokoqobo. Izintatheli eziningi ziphila-ingxenye eziyinhloko zemibono njengoba zimenyezelwa, zikunikeza ukuqonda okusheshayo ekucabangeni. Izinhlelo zomsakazo ezifana "Strist Scrutiny" ne "Imibono Yesigungu" zinikeza ukuwohloka kwamasonto onke kwemithetho namacala amuva, ngokuvamile ngesilinganiso esijulile esingenakufana nalezo ezibhalwe phansi. Lamafomethi emisindo awusizo ngokukhethekile kubantu abahamba noma kunoma ubani othanda ukufunda ngesikhathi sokuxoxa.

Ukuqonda Isici Sesinqumo Senkantolo Ephakeme

Ukuze usiqonde ngempela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme, kudingeka wazi ukuthi la maphepha ahlelwe kanjani. Umbono ovamile usukela kumakhasi angu - 30 kuya kwalikhulu futhi uqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezihlukene. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa lezi zingxenye kukwenza ukwazi ukuthatha ukubambelela, ukucabanga, nencazelo yezimfundiso ngaphandle kokufunda wonke amagama.

I - Syllabusi

I-syllabusis iyisifushaniso esandulela umbono ogcwele. Ibhalwe yi-Aunt of Description, hhayi ngamajaji ngokwawo, kodwa inikeza ukucaciswa okunokwethenjelwa kwesizinda secala, umbuzo ongokomthetho onikezwayo, isinqumo seNkantolo, nokuvota. I-syllabusis ayiyona ingxenye yombono ongokomthetho futhi ayiphathi nesisindo esingokomthetho, kodwa iyiphuzu elilodwa elingcono kakhulu kumfundi ofuna ukushesha, i-synopss. Qala lapha njalo.

Izihloko

Ngemva kwe-syllabusis, uzothola amaphuzu angokomthetho acacile. Lawa ayizigaba ezinezinombolo ezikhipha amaphuzu ayinhloko omthetho kumbono. Umbhalo ngamunye oyinhloko uvumelana nokubamba okuthile noma umthetho omenyezelwe kulendaba. Izihloko ezibhalwe phansi ziwusizo kakhulu kubacwaningi nabameli abadinga ukucaphuna isimiso esiqondile somthetho. Kumfundi ovamile, amagama angenhla angacacisa lokho okushiwo ngaphambi kokuba ungene ekucabangeni.

Umbono Oyinhloko

Umbono wabaningi uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Iveza ukugcinwa kweNkantolo kanye nokubekwa kwemiqondo engokomthetho esekelayo. Umbono wabaningi uqanjwe yijaji elikhethwe yiJaji Elikhulu (noma iJaji elikhulu kunabo bonke uma uMahluleli Omkhulu ephikisana). Umbono uqala ngamazwi ayiqiniso nomlando, khona - ke uhlaziya izindaba ezingokomthetho, usebenzise imithetho efanelekile noma amalungiselelo omthetho, futhi uphethe ngesahlulelo.

Imibono Ehambisanayo

Noma yimuphi ukwahlulela okuvumelana nomphumela weningi kodwa okungavumelani nakho konke noma ingxenye yokucabanga kwayo kungabhala umbono ovumelanayo. Izivumelwano zingabonisa ukuthi ukwahlulela kungakhipha umngcele ezicabeni ezizayo noma zinikeze enye indlela engathonya izinkantolo eziphansi. Nakuba izivumelwano zingabopha, ngokuvamile zibheka izenzakalo zemfundiso zesikhathi esizayo futhi zifanele ukufundwa ukuze zithathwe ngokuphelele ukucabanga kobulungisa.

Imibono Engavumelaniyo

Amajaji angavumelani nomphumela weningi abhala imibono ephikisanayo. Ukungavumelani kuphikisa ukuthi kungani iNkantolo yasola icala, kokubili umthetho nasemaqinisweni. Ukungavumelani naleli cala akunagunya elibophayo, kodwa angamandla angenampendulo futhi angaguqula umbono womphakathi noma iziphetho zemithetho. Kwezinye izimo, ukuphikisana okubhaliwe namuhla kuba umbono weningi namuhla weNkanto yesikhathi esizayo. Ukungavumelani nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuqokomisa ubuthakathaka ekucabangeni kweningi, kukunika umbono olinganiselwe wempikiswano engokomthetho.

Izisu Eziwusizo Zokuhumusha Ulimi Olungokomthetho

Ngisho nangemva kokuba usuthole isinqumo futhi usutholile nezingxenye zaso, ulimi ngokwalo lungaba lunzima. Imibono yeNkantolo Ephakeme igcwele, ihleliwe, futhi igcwele amagama obuchwepheshe, izinkulumo zesiLatini, nezikhombo emacaleni angaphambili. Amasu alandelayo ayokusiza ukuba uguqulele ekuqondeni okungokomthetho okucacile.

Qala ngemfishane yesiNgisi esiyisiQala

Ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukufunda umbono ophelele, thola isifushaniso esibhalelwe izilaleli ezivamile. I-SCOTUSblog, iVox, ne-New York Times zonke zinyathelisa "abachazi" abachaza icala, izimpikiswano, nomphumela ngolimi olucacile. Ukufunda ukufushaniswa kuqala kukunika isimiso sengqondo sezindaba ezingokomthetho, okwenza umbhalo wokuqala ube lula ukulandelwa. Uma nje wazi ukuthi icala liyini nokuthi iNkantolo inqume kanjani, isimo sombono siba sinengqondo kakhulu.

Sebenzisa Izichazamazwi Namazwi Angokomthetho

Uma uhlangana negama elingajwayelekile cishe [ i-certari, stares decisis, ukuvota [, noma [[FLT:] noma [[FLT] ime] ungaqageli. [[FT:] [[FLT:]] i-Cornell Information yolwazi esemthethweni] [[FLT:]] inikeza ngokucacile, izincazelo zezinkulungwane zemisho esemthethweni. Gcina i-yadiodwa ivulax noma esinye isichazamazwi esithembekile. Sizofunda isikhathi esisebenza ngokulandelana.

Landela Ukuhlaziya Okukhaliphile

Ochwepheshe bezomthetho − oprofesa bezomthetho, abasebenza abameli, nabanamaculo eNkantolo Ephakeme − − bashicilela ngokuhlola izimemezelo ezinkulu. Ukufunda ukukhulumela kwabo kanye nombono wokuqala kukusiza ukuba ubone ukuthi isinqumo sihambelana kanjani nendawo engokomthetho. Ochwepheshe bazoveza ukuthi yiziphi izimpikiswano ezamukelwa noma zenqatshwayo, ukuthi isinqumo sishintsha kanjani umthetho okhona, nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela elandelayo. Ama-Webster anjenge-SCOTUSBUSlog, i-Volokh Conspiracy, ne-The Harvard Law’s Revieting Blo inikeza ukukhulumela nsuku zonke ukuthi igebhulo libheke ige phakathi kombhalo ofipheleyo wombono nethonya langempela.

Qhathanisa Nezimo Ezifanayo

Izinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme azikho ngokuhlukaniswa. Isinqumo ngasinye sakheka phezu kwecala, ngokwehluka, noma ngokwehluka, noma ngokuphula umthetho ngaphambi kokuba kube khona. Uma ufunda isinqumo esisha, bheka amacala esiwashoyo − ikakhulukazi lawo ahlelwe ngokuthi "kulawula" noma "kukhulu" ekuhlaziyweni. Ukuqonda izenzakalo eziyinhloko endaweni ebekwe umthetho (njengezesimemezelo sokuqala sokukhuluma noma iSimemezelo sesiHluzi sesiHluzi sesine sokuhlola-ne) kunikeza umongo owenza kube lula ukuchaza. Ungathola lezi zimo ezicatshuliweyo ngokuhlola imibhalo yaphansi noma ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokucwaninga ngokomthetho njengomthetho we-Googlegold Charrow.

Funda Ukungavumelani Kuqala (Ngezinye Izikhathi)

Icebo elingavumelani kodwa eliphumelelayo ukufunda umbono ophikisanayo phambi kombono weningi. Ukungavumelani ngokuvamile kuqondile futhi akuvinjelwa kakhulu ngolimi lwabo, okungenza ukuba kutholakale kalula. Ngemva kokufunda ukungavumelani, uyoba nomqondo ocacile walokho okuphikiswayo ngecala, futhi ukucabanga kweningi kuzocaca ngoba kakade wazi izimpikiswano okumelwe zinqotshwe. Lendlela isebenza kakhulu ikakhulukazi ezicatshangelweni ezihlukene kakhulu lapho abahluleli bephikisana khona ngokucacile ngomphumela nangendlela.

Indima Yezinqumo Zenkantolo Ephakeme

Ukuqonda indlela iNkantolo Ephakeme esebenzisa ngayo isibonelo kubalulekile ekuchazeni izinqumo zayo. Imfundiso ye stare decisis ibopha iNkantolo ukuba ilandele izinqumo zayo siqu ezizandulelayo ezimweni eziningi. Uma iNkantolo igumbuqela isibonelo, isenzakalo esikhulu esingokomthetho esidinga ukuthethelelwa okunamandla. Eminyakeni yamuva, iNkantolo ibonise ukuzimisela okukhulu kakhulu ukulawula amacala ebhaliswe ngokwezikhohlo, iyenze ibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ukuba ilandele indlela izahlulelo eziphatha ngayo izinqumo ngaphambi kokuba zinqume.

Lapho ufunda umbono, phawula indlela amajaji aphawula ngayo indlela asebenza ngayo. Ingabe bathi indaba yangaphambili "ilawula" umphumela? Ingabe "bayihlukanisa" ngamaqiniso? Noma bayayilawula ngokuqondile? Ngamunye walezizenzo ubonisa ubudlelwane obuhlukile nezomlando futhi uveza imiphumela ehlukene ezicatshangeni zesikhathi esizayo. Ukunaka lolulimi kukusiza ukuba unqume ukuthi iNkantolo inganquma kanjani izindaba ezifanayo esikhathini esizayo.

Izinselele Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Ngisho nabafundi abangomakad ’ ebona babhekana nezithiyo lapho besebenza ngesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme, nazi ezinye zezinselele namakhambi awusizo avame kakhulu.

Ukusingatha Izenzakalo Eziyiqiniso

Isizinda esiyiqiniso secala singazizwa njengencwadi yezomthetho, egcwele umlando we-procedtural nezikhombo ezingokomthetho. Ingxenye igxile ku-"buthi" kanye no"ukugoma" — konke okunye kuyimongo. Uma iqiniso eliqondile libalulekile ekucabangeni kweNkantolo, lizophinde liphawulwe engxenyeni yokuhlaziya.

Ukuveza Imibono Eminingana

Uma indaba iveza umbono wobuningi (ongayaleli iningi eqophelweni ngalinye) kanye nokuvumelana okuningana nokuphikisanayo, isithombe singadida. Ukuze izinto zihlale ziqondile, yenza ishadi elilula elidwebela ukwahlulela ngakunye nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zombono ezihlangene. Lomfanekiso ucacisa ukuhlelwa kokuvota futhi ubonise ukuthi ukuqondisa ukucabanga kuyini.

Ukuhlala Unjalo Ngaphandle Kokuzizwa Ucindezelekile

INkantolo Ephakeme inquma ukuthi kunamacha angu-60-80 ngalinye. Lokho kuningi ukwaziswa. Akudingeki ufunde wonke umbono. Gxila emacaleni abhekiselwe ezihloko zekheli ozikhathalelayo noma eziye zabikwa kabanzi njengezibalulekile. Sebenzisa ikhasi leNkantolo "Amacala eMirits" ukuze uhlunge igama nesihloko, futhi uthembele ekuhloleni kochwepheshe ekupheleni kwegama ngalinye ukuze ubambe noma isiphi isinqumo ongasifunanga.

Ukuhlanganisa Konke: Inqubo Elandelayo

Ukuze wakhe umkhuba oqinile wokulandela iNkantolo Ephakeme, zama lenqubo:

  1. Qonda ikhalenda leNkantolo ekuqaleni kwesonto ngalinye ukuze ubone ukuthi izinsuku zombono zihleliwe.
  2. Ibeka izixwayiso ku-SCOUSBlog noma isimiso sezaziso seNkantolo ukuze wazi ukuthi i-cottle short.
  3. Funda isifushaniso emthonjeni wezindaba othembekile ukuthola ingqikithi yecala nomphumela.
  4. uvula i-syllabus[[FLT] ewebsiteni yeNkantolo ukuze uthole isifushaniso esingokomthetho nobalo lwevoti.
  5. Funda ingxenye yombono weningi [ ngokucophelela, usebenzisa isichazamazwi somthetho nganoma yiliphi igama ongaliqondi.
  6. [ Funda okungenani kanye ukuvumelana noma ukungavumelani [ ukuqonda eminye imibono.
  7. ukuhlaziya kochwepheshe abalandelayo ku-SCOTUSblog noma uhlelo olungokomthetho lokuqonda ukubaluleka okukhulu kwesinqumo.
  8. Gcina ingosi [ yamacala owafundayo, ukuqaphela ukubamba, ukuvota, nokuthatha kwakho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le log iyakuba yikhomba elibalulekile.

Ukubaluleka Okubanzi Kokuqonda Inkantolo Ephakeme Kukhipha Isinqumo

INkantolo Ephakeme ingumgcini wokugcina womthetho womthetho womthetho nowombuso. Isinqumo sayo sithinta wonke umuntu waseMelika, ngokuvamile ngezindlela zomuntu siqu ezijulile − kusukela emalungelweni esiwasebenzisayo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke kuya emagunyeni kahulumeni asibusayo. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi sokulandela nokuqonda lezi zinqumo, uzihlomisela ngolwazi ukuze uhlanganyele ngokubaluleka ekuphileni komphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uxoxa nabangane, ezincwadini eziya kubameleli bakho, noma ebhokisini le-colot. Ulimi lweNkantolo lungaba lusemthethweni, kodwa umsebenzi walo uyinto engabonakali. Zonke izinqumo ziyisahluko sendaba eqhubekayo yaseMelika, futhi ngezindlela ezichazwe ngenhla, ukulungele ukufunda leyondaba njengoba iqhubeka.