Indlela Yokusebenzisa Intela Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Imisebenzi Yamandla Aluhlaza ENdiya

I-Indiya iye yabeka izisulu zamandla anamandla anamandla avuselelwe, ihlose ukukhiqizwa kuka-500 GW okungangeni gesi ngo-2030 nango--net-070. Ukufinyelela lemigomo kudinga ukutshala okukhulu kwabantu, futhi izisusa zentela ziye zavela njengenye yamathuluzi aphumelela kakhulu okuvusela inhloko phambili emikhankasweni eluhlaza. Uma ihlelwe kahle, lezi zinyathelo zokwehlisa umthwalo obizayo, zithuthukisa amazinga angaphakathi okubuya, futhi zenze inzuzo yokuzuza inzuzo ephambili yemisebenzi yophethiloli engokwemivuselelo engokwesiko.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza isiqondiso esibanzi sendlela amabhizinisi, abathuthukisi bemisebenzi, nabanikazi bezimali abangasisebenzisa ngayo isosha lentela lase-Indiya lokusheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aluhlaza. Sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezithile zezisusa ezikhona, izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, ukuhlola okusemqoka, nezinzuzo zezezomnotho nendawo ezungezile.

I - Policy Foundation: Ukufunza Kwamandla Aluhlaza AseNdiya Nendima Yabagqugquzeli Bentela

Ingxenye yamandla evuselelwayo yaseNdiya iye yathola ukukhula okungokwengeziwe phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule, iqhutshwa yizimiso ezisekelayo ezinjengeNational Solar Mission, ukuncintisana kwemida ye-lar ne-octive, kanye nezibopho zikahulumeni ezivuselelwayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuthenga. Nokho, ukuphumelela kwezimali kuseyinselele enkulu. Izindleko ezinkulu, izikhathi ezithatha isikhathi eside zokubeletha, nezingozi ezicatshangelwayo zidinga ukungenela kwezenqanda. Izisusa zethekisi zidingiza lemingcele ngokuthuthukisa ngokuqondile ukukhanga kwemisebenzi eluhlaza, ngaleyondlela zinciphisa ukuncikeka kwemali futhi zinciphisa ukuthembela ekutholeni imali.

Uhulumeni usungule uchungechunge lwezinzuzo zentela ngaphansi kwe-Inhome Tax Act, 1961, i-Crom Act, nemithetho ehlukene yesifundazwe. Lezizisusa zibukezwa futhi zivuselelwa ukuze zivumelane nezindleko zamandla nobuchwepheshe. Ukuqonda indawo yamanje kubalulekile kunoma isiphi icebo lenhlangano lokutshala amandla avuselelwe eNdiya.

Izindawo Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko Zohulumeni Nezici Eziyinhloko

• Ukwehlela kwamandla amasha navuselelekayo (MNRE) – Inkonzo ye-odal yokuhlela uhlelo nokusetshenziswa kohlelo.
• I-indian Reneunebrable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) – inikeza usizo lwezimali futhi yenza izinzuzo zentela zemisebenzi evuselelwayo zitholakale.
• [ I-Central Legatority Regatority Commission (CERC) – i-Regural tajings futhi ithuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla okuvuselelwa.
• Isimo seNodal Amotions - Ugcwalisa izinhlelo zesisusa esiqondile sikahulumeni kanye nabathuthukisi beprojekthi.

Ukuze kutholakale uhlelo olusha lokulungisa, abafaki-mathikithi kufanele bavakashele i-website engokomthetho kanye ne i-ART

Izinhlobo Zentela Ezigqugquzela Imisebenzi Yamandla Aluhlaza ENdiya

I-Indiya inikeza isakhiwo esinezinto eziningi ezifaka intela ezihlanganisa intengo, ukwehla okusheshayo, ukukhulula, izikweleti, izikweleti, nenani lentela evunyelweyo. Isisusa ngasinye sifeza injongo ethile futhi singahlanganiswa ukuze kutholakale izinzuzo. Ngezansi kuwukuhlolwa okuningi kwamalungiselelo athinta kakhulu.

Ukwehlolwa kwento ephuma ngesivinini esikhulu (AD)

Ukwehla okusheshayo kwenza amabhizinisi athole inani eliphakeme lentengo encitshisiwe emalini encishisiwe yamandla amandla phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokusebenza. Ngaphansi kwe-Fomati 32 ye-Inhome Taxit Act, i-larth nomoya ingenza intengo enciphe kakhulu ngesilinganiso sa-40% ngesilinganiso esibhaliwe senani eliphansi ngonyaka wokuqala. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu inzuzo ekhokhelwayo eminyakeni yokuqala yomsebenzi, kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwemali kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zemali. I-AD izuzisa kakhulu inkampani ezinkokheni ezikhokha intela enele, njengoba inikeza intela elondolozwe ngokushesha.

Isibonelo: Inkampani efaka imali emalini embonini yamandla elanga ingabiza intengo encitshisiwe ye-crore engu-764 ngonyaka wokuqala, inciphise intela yayo ngesilinganiso esicishe sibe 761.2 crore (ifaka isilinganiso sentela esingu-30% kanye ne-cresses).

Ukuthungatha Intela Ngaphansi Kwengxenye 80-IA

Ingxenye 80-IA ye-Inhoo Tax Act inikeza inzuzo yentela yeminyaka eyishumi etholakala emikhankasweni yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi, kuhlanganise nezindawo zokusebenza amandla kagesi ezivuselelwayo. Imisebenzi e-Egremecle eyabekelwayo emhlabeni noma ngemva ko-April 1, 1993, nangaphambi konyaka ka-March 31, 2026, ingathola inzuzo encishisiwe ngekhulu elingu-100% eminyakeni eyishumi elandelanayo esukela eminyakeni yokuqala engu-15 yokusebenza. Le njongo ikhona ngenxa yegesi, umoya, i-biomas, nemisebenzi emincane yamanzi. I-ethengwa yizimo ezithile, njengaleyo yenkampani esebenzela ibhizinisi yesizukulwane noma ukuhanjiswa kwamandla.

Isaziso se-Strategic: Iholide lentela leminyaka eyishumi lingabizwa kunoma isiphi isiqobo seminyaka eyishumi phakathi nenkathi yokuqala yeminyaka engu-15. Abathuthukisi kufanele bahlele ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukuhlelwa kwenani elilinganiselwe ngeminyaka yokuthola inzuzo kakhulu.

Ukukhokha Intela (ITC) Nezinzuzo Ezihlobene (PLI)

Nakuba iNdiya ingenayo intela eqondile yokutshala imali efana ne-US, iye yasungula icebo le-Inition-Intenition Intecentive (PLI) lokuphumelela kakhulu kwemiklamo ye-solar PV. Icebo lePLI linikeza izisusa zemali ezisekelwe ekukhiqizweni nasekudayisweni kwemiklamo ye-solar, ngokuphumelelayo ephazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yasekhaya. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zemisebenzi yelanga ngandlela-nye futhi kukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kweminye i-scrobea.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni uye wamemezela icebo lokukhipha i - Viability Campute Funding (VGF) lokugcina umoya oselungwini nokugcina ibhethri, okuyinto, nakuba ingesona isikweleti sentela kuyi - se, ethuthukisa umsebenzi futhi ingahlanganiswa nezinye izinzuzo zentela.

Ukudalulwa Kwamasiko Neziphakamiso

Ukuze izindleko ezinkulu zemishini yamandla evuselelwayo zinciphe, uhulumeni uye wakhulula noma wanciphisa imisebenzi yezohwebo emishinini ethunyelwe kwamanye amazwe esetshenziselwa ukukhangisa ngelanga, ngomoya, nangomoya. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izingxenye ezifana nama-solar cell, ama-turbine, kanye neziphequli zifanele ukuvuselelwa kwemisebenzi egunyazwayo. Nokho, uhulumeni uye wasungula umsebenzi oyisisekelo wokusebenza emishinini ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze athuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwezimo zeplanethi, akha intengo ephakathi kwezindleko ezithengwayo kanye nemali esekelwa imboni yendawo.

Izibhebhe Zesilinganiso Sikahulumeni

Izifunda zaseNdiya eziningi zinikeza izisusa ezengeziwe zentela, kuhlanganise nokungakhokhi kwezitembu ekuthuthweni kwendawo, izikhungo zikagesi, kanye nezindawo zikahulumeni ze-GST ukuze kuvuselelwe imisebenzi yamandla. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Gujarat inikeza ikhulu eliyikhulu lenkululeko kugesi emsebenzini iminyaka eyishumi emikhankasweni yelanga nomoya. IRajasthan inikeza 50% yemvume yokuthola ugesi eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala, neKarnataka inikeza izimali zemisebenzi emincane yogesi. Abathuthukisi kufanele bathintane nemithetho emisha yamandla kahulumeni evuselela lemisebenzi.

Ukusebenzisa Intela: Ibalazwe Eliwusizo Labathuthukisi

Ukuze bandise inzuzo yezimali yezisusa zentela, abathuthukisi bemisebenzi kumelwe basebenzise indlela ehlelwe kahle. Ngezansi kunesiqondiso esithatha isiqephu somsebenzi, ukuhlanganisa, ukubhala, nokulalela.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukuhlola Ukuphumelela

Akuyona yonke imisebenzi yamandla aluhlaza afanelekela zonke izisusa. Abathuthukisi kumelwe baqinisekise ukuthi i-elbering elungele ukuhlelwa. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Uhlobo lobuchwepheshe (i - solar PV, i - solar thermal, umoya, ama - biomas, ama - hydrot amancane, njll.)
• Ukuhlanganisa usuku (kumafasitela akhankanyiwe engxenyeni 80-IA)
• Ukwakheka komsebenzi womnikazi (ubudlelwane, noma umuntu ngamunye)
• Indawo (ezinye izisusa zichanekile ngokombuso)
• I - “roobacture ” (izitshalo ezincane ezinamanzi angaphansi kuka - 25 MW zingase zingakufanelekeli ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezithile)

Ukuhlanganyela enkampanini yokukhokha intela enobuchwepheshe obuvuselelwa bamandla kubalulekile kulelizinga ukuze kugwenywe ukuxazululeka.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukuhlelwa Kwezimali Nokuhlelwa

Izisusa zentela ezikhongozelayo kumsebenzi wezezimali ukuze kutholakale inani lemali yeqiniso yenetha (NPV) nenani langaphakathi lokubuya (IR). Ngokwesibonelo, ukwehla ngejubane elikhulu, kunemiphumela emikhulu eminyakeni yasekuqaleni, kuyilapho i-Cetation 80-IA isiza yonke isigaba sokusebenza. Indinganiso engcono ixhomeke esithombeni sentela somgcini-mali. Inkampani yamanje enentengo ephezulu yentela ingakhetha i-AD, kanti ukuthengwa kwezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano yentela engakhokhiswa i-a engxenyeni engu-80-IA inzuzo eyengeziwe.

Isinyathelo 3: UmBhalo Nokuqopha

Izikhulu zentela eNdiya zidinga imvume ecophelelayo ukuze zisekele izikhangiso zezizathu. Izincwadi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Isitifiketi sokuthunywa ngumphathi kagesi
• Ama - invoice emishini eyinhloko kanye nokufakwa
• Izitatimende zenqubo zihlolwa umgcini - zincwadi okhokhelwe
• Ukulungiswa kwemibhalo yezitshalo ukuze kuvinjelwe izindleko
• Izivumelwano zokuthenga ugesi (PPS) nemibhalo kagesi egciniwe

Ukwehluleka ukugcina amarekhodi afanele kungabangela ukungavumeli izikweleti nezijeziso. Sebenzisa izimiso ezigciniwe zomshini ukuze uqinisekise ukuvuma.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukubuya Kwentela Nokuthi Kunezinzuzo

Izisusa zentela zikhonzwa ngokukhokhelwa intela eholayo. Ukuze kukhishwe intela ekhokhelwayo. Ukunyuswa kwemali efakwayo kusungulwe ngonyaka wokufakwa, futhi ukwehla kwenani elingaphezulu kubhekiswe ekuphileni kwempahla. Ingxenye 80-IA, intethelelo ithengwa ngokuhlela i-Form 10-CCB kanye nombiko wokufuna i-akhawunti. Ukukhethwa kwesithiyo seminyaka eyishumi kumelwe kuboniswe ngokucacile ebuyeni. I-software yentela ye-Levegege noma ifaka umedisipala ukuze kuhlelwe ngesikhathi esifanele.

Isinyathelo So - 5: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinguquko

Inkambiso yentela yaseMelika yamandla aluhlaza ishintsha ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, ekusebenziseni imali ngo-2023-24, uhulumeni wandisa i-Particle 80-IA isikhathi semisebenzi yelanga ngoMatshi 31, 2025, futhi waveza ukuncipha okukhuphuka kwezimiso ezithile zokugcina amandla. Zibophelele ekulandiseni okuvela kwi-Central Board of Directive Confect Confect Coms (CBT) nase-MNRE ukuze uthathe amathuba amasha futhi ugweme izihibe zokulandela.

Ukuhlola Icala: Ukusetshenziswa Kwentela Kwangempela Kwezwe

Izibonelo ezilandelayo zibonisa indlela abathuthukisi bezakhiwo abaye bazisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ngayo izisusa zentela ukuze bathuthukise izakhiwo eziwusizo.

Ukuhlolwa kweSiphakamiso 1: I-Utility-Model Park eRajasthan

I-IPP enkulu esebenzela ukukhiqiza amandla (IPP) yasungula ipaki le-MW solar eRajasthan elinengqikithi yezindleko zemali engu-6200 crore. Ngokuthi isilinganiso senani elisheshayo (unyaka wokuqala ka-40%) nesigaba seminyaka eyi-10 se-80-IA yenzuzo, isakhiwo safinyelela intuthuko ye-IRR cishe 2.5%, eyenza iphile ngaphandle kombuso. Inzuzo yentela ehlangene yanciphisa izindleko ezisebenzayo ngeminyaka eyisihlanu yokuqala.

Ukutadisha Ngesibili: Inqubo Yokuphehla Amandla Omoya EGujarat Enezincintiswano ZoMbuso

Umthuthukisi wepulazi lomoya eGujarat wasebenzisa umsebenzi kagesi weminyaka eyishumi kazwelonke wokukhulula nokugunyaza umsebenzi we-stamente wokuqasha indawo, kanye nokwehla kwenani elisheshayo. Izisusa zikahulumeni zodwa zanciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zaminyaka yonke ngo-8%, kuyilapho izinzuzo zentela eziyinhloko zasheshisa ukukhokha kusukela eminyakeni engu-7 kuya kwengu-5. Lo msebenzi wahlelwa njengemoto ekhethekile yenkampani yomphakathi edwetshiwe, okwenza umzali akwazi ukukhokha intela entengweni yayo ephakeme.

Izinzuzo Ngaphandle Kokulondolozwa Kwentela: Isizathu Sokuba Indaba Ishukunyiswe Impicabadala Yamandla ENdiya

Izisusa zentela ziletha izinzuzo ezifinyelela kude ezidlulela nangaphandle kwemisebenzi yezomnotho yomuntu ngamunye.

Ukuvula Inhloko - dolobha Engasese

Ngokuthuthukisa inzuzo nokunciphisa izingozi, izisusa zentela ziheha abatshali bezimali zentela, izimali zempesheni, kanye nokutshala imali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe (FDI). INdiya yathola imali engaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 eFDI engxenyeni yamandla evuselelwayo phakathi kuka-202020 no-2024, ngokwengxenye isekelwa uhulumeni ozinzile wentela. Abanikazi babheka ukuqiniseka ngentela njengesici esiyinhloko esisezibophweni eside.

Ukunciphisa Izindleko Zamandla Aluhlaza

Izinzuzo zentela zinciphisa izindleko zikagesi (LCOE) ukwenzela imisebenzi evuselelwayo, zizenze zincintisane nogesi wamalahle. Ilanga laseNdiya iLCOE kakade seliwe ngaphansi kuka 76,5 kh,5 ngeK, futhi izisusa zentela ziye zanezela kulokhu ukwehla ngezindleko ezincishisiwe zezimali.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwamakhaya

Isakhiwo se-PLI ne-oda sikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zendawo zezimo ze-solar kanye ne-turbine yomoya. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuncika ekungeneni kwamanye amazwe, kudala imisebenzi, futhi kuqinisa ishende lokunikeza. Abenzi bezindlu bazuza futhi ezinkokhisweni zentela ngokukhiqiza izimpahla ezifanele ngaphansi kwe-IB e Gawo 80 noma amalungiselelo afanayo.

Izinsimbi Zendawo Ezungezile

Wonke umsebenzi wamandla aluhlaza osekelwa izisusa zentela zisusa isizukulwane esishiswa amalahle, ukunciphisa igesi ekhipha amalahle, ukungcola komoya, nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Amandla amaNdiya avuselelwayo e-180 GW (kusukela ngo-2024) kakade aseye agwema amatoni angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-300 e-CO2 ngonyaka. Izisusa zentela zisheshisa leli thonya ngokwenza ukuba likwazi ukufinyelela ngokushesha.

Izinselele Nokushukuma Kwengqondo

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala, abakhokhi bentela babhekana nezinselele eziningana ekutholeni nasekufakeni izisusa eziluhlaza zentela.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Nokushintsha Njalo

Ikhodi lentela liyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izisusa zivame ukuba nezigaba zokushona kwelanga, izimo ezinqwabelanayo, kanye nezinombolo eziphambaniswa kwezinye izingxenye. Izimemezelo zokusetshenziswa kwemali zingaguqula amazinga entengo yentengo noma ukulinganisela ngesivinini. Ukusebenza nomngane wentela ofaka amandla akhethekile avuselelwe futhi alondoloze umkhondo wesimiso sangempela sesikhathi.

Ukulibala Ukuthunywa Nokuvunyelwa

Izisusa eziningi ziboshelwe onyakeni womsebenzi wokuthunywa. Ukulibala ekutholeni indawo, ukuxhumanisa i-grid, noma ukuthunyelwa kwemishini kungasunduza umsebenzi ngalé kwefasitela elivulekayo. Ukuguqula: Yakha isivalo emigqeni yemisebenzi futhi ifaka isicelo sokuthola intela phambili ngokunenzuzo yoMnyango wentengo yentengiso.

Ukuphikisana Neziphathimandla Zentela

Izithi ze-attings ezisheshayo no-80-IA ngokuvamile ziyaguquguquka. Izingxabano zingavela ngokuhlelwa kwempahla, ukubalwa kwenzuzo ngebhizinisi elifanele, noma isikhathi sento efunwayo. Mitigation:[ Gcina uxwebhu olubanzi, ukuthola izingqwembe zokuhlola, futhi ucabangele ukusebenzisa “itheku elilondekile” imithetho yokudlulisa uma isebenza.

Ukungqubuzana Kukahulumeni

Izisusa zikahulumeni ziyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi zingakhishwa noma zishintshwe phakathi kweprojekthi. Ukufakwa: ukungena emqondweni wokuqonda (MoU) nohulumeni wezwe ohluthulela izisusa zesikhathi somsebenzi futhi uhlanganisa nezigijimi zesinqumo eziphikisanayo.

Izibalo eziqhathanisayo: Intela yentela yaseNdiya ivis.

Indlela i-India yokuhlela imisebenzi yamandla aluhlaza inciphisana emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba i-US inikeza intela yentela engenisa imali engaphezulu ewu-30% (ITC) kanye nesikhuthazo esisekelwe emsebenzini, futhi amazwe aseYurophu anikeza ukuthengwa kwemali ephumayo kanye nezivumelwano zekhabhoni, amashumi amane% aseNdiya awehla anyukayo kanye nehholidi lentela laminyaka eyishumi anikeza inzuzo elinganayo kumangxenye enzuzo ephakeme yenzuzo. Nokho, kunegumbi lokuthuthukisa: ukusungula intengongo yentela ebanzi yokulahlekelwa nokulula inqubo yokwamukeleka kungathuthukisa ukutshala imali. Abenzi bemithetho bangafunda i-ITCC yenani eliphambili [[FLT:] [FLT] [FLD:1] njengendlela yokuhlola inguquko esikhathini esizayo.

Ukutuswa Kwabenzi Bomthetho

Ukuze kubhebhethekiswe ithonya lezisusa zentela emigomweni yamandla kagesi eluhlaza yaseNdiya, kutuswa izenzo ezilandelayo ezingokwesimiso:

• Izinsuku ezisusiwe zokushona kwelanga kwisiqephu 80-IA nokwehla okusheshayo kwenani ukuze kunikeze ukusekela okulindelekile kwesikhathi eside.
• Intengo yentela ekhokhelwayo kubaqali nabenzi besakhiwo abalahlekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abadlali bafinyelelwa yinzuzo.
• [ Ukuthobela okulula [ ngokuvumela izincopho ezamukelekayo zemisebenzi eqinisekisiwe yi-MNRE.
• Izisusa zikahulumeni zeHarmonise ngesimo sombuso esibuye sivuselelwe izinyathiso zamandla.
• [ Izisusa zentela eziluhlaza ngesu elizayo lokuhweba ngekharbon ukuthenga ngezimali ukuze kwakhiwe imifudlana yemali eyengeziwe.

Isiphetho: Imfihlo Enamandla Yekusasa Lamandla Ahlanzekile

Izisusa zentela zisengelinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu akhona kuhulumeni waseNdiya okuqhubela phambili ukutshala amandla aluhlaza. Ngokuhlela ngokucophelela imisebenzi ukuze ithuthukise izinzuzo ezisukela ekuncipheni kwentela okusheshayo, amaholide entela angu-80-IA, imisebenzi esemthethweni, ukukhulula kwezentengiselwano zikahulumeni, abathuthukisi bengathuthukisa umsebenzi obuyiselwe ngokuphawulekayo kuyilapho benikela ekwakheni amandla esizwe nasemigomweni yezulu. Njengoba izindleko zobuchwepheshe nobuchwepheshe ziqhubeka zincipha, indima yezisusa zentela iyakuqhubekeka, kodwa ukubaluleka kwazo okubalulekile. Amabhizinisi, abanikazi, abanikazi, nabakhi bemithetho yemithetho, ukuqonda nalemigomo, la malungiselelo akuyona nje indaba yokuhlakanipha kwezezimali ngokwezimali.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo ngezimiso zamanje zamandla nezisusa zezimali, hlola i-Ministry yamandla amasha nangavuselelekayo kanye ne yase-Indiya ephethe i-port[. Ukuze uthole isiqondiso sentela yeprojekthi, faka intela efanelekayo ekhokhelwayo emshinini wamandla.