Ukuqonda Ukubukeka Okufanele Kudluliselwe Kukwaziswa

I-General Data Protection Reggation (GDPR) inikeza uhlelo olungokomthetho lwesisekelo sayo yonke imisebenzi yokulungisa i-data phakathi kwe-European Union, kuhlanganise nokuthunyelwa kwezindawo ezingamalungu. Isibopho esiyinhloko siwukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi luyaqhubeka luthola izinga elilinganayo lokuvikela phakathi nohambo lwalo. I-Irish Device Commission (DPC) isebenza njengegunya eliholayo lezinhlangano eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe ngokusekelwe e-Ireland futhi igcizelela isimiso sokuziphendulela. Izinhlangano kumelwe zibhale i-data yazo, zibone izingozi, futhi zisebenzise kokubili izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe nezomthetho (TOMs) ezilingana nokuqaphela ukwaziswa okudluliselweyo. Nakuba ku-U-Extrans ayidingi ukudluliselwa kwenqubo ethile noma ukufakwa kwe-Extracective systemment (iection Clation Clations Claus Claus) ngaphansi kwe-templeR, i-GPS esele ye-GRR, i-G.

Inikwe i-Ireland ̱ isendaweni eyingqayizivele njengezwe elikhuluma isiNgisi eliyilungu le-EU eliphethe indlunkulu yaseYurophu yezimboni eziningi zobuchwepheshe bembulunga yonke, ukudluliswa kwe-memorial kuvamile futhi ngokuvamile kuhilela inqwaba enkulu yokwaziswa komuntu siqu. i-DPC iphoqelela ukuvuma ngokuphenya, amaface, nezincwadi eziqondisa. Kubalulekile ukuze izinhlangano zase-Ireland ezikhuluma ngesiNgisi zihlale ziphethe incazelo e-odansigamente, kuhlanganise nokulawula kwe-Schrems II ekudluliseni amazwe onke kanye ne-tech-tegoverssssssssssssss provices ̱ ukutusa (EPB). Nakuba lezi zinquma ukukhathalela okuqondile okuqhubekayo, ziye zanyusa ukugcinwa kwemigomo nokuthengwa kokwaziswa ngaphakathi kwe-U. I-GD ephethe umthetho we-GR, izihloko ezithinta imicimbi yesizwe, imicimbi yezenzwe yezenzwe okokuqala.

Imithombo yangaphandle enjenge-ikhomphyutha ye-'R umbhalo we-EURÍLGEx kanye ne-website ye-'FLT' yokuvikela ugcino-lwazi' ye-Commission' inikeza iziqondiso ze-*todate nezaziso zokugcinwa. Izinhlangano kufanele zibukeze njalo le mithombo ukuze zihlele imisebenzi yokudlulisa i-data kanye namathemba amanje.

Izinyathelo Eziyinhloko Zokudluliswa Kokwaziswa Okulondekile

Izimiso zobuchwepheshe ziwumgogodla wanoma yiliphi icebo elilondekile lokudlulisa ukwaziswa. Uma ukwaziswa kuhamba phakathi kwe-Irish ne-EU, kudlula izisekelo ze-internet ezingahlanganisa izingxenye zomphakathi, ama-MPLS axhunyiwe, noma amagumbi okusebenza nge-mfonomfono asemafwini. Ngaphandle kokukhomba nokuqinisekisa okuqinile, ulwazi lungavikeleka ekuvinjelweni, ekuhlazeni, ekuthatheni i-partment, futhi lungagunyaziwe. Amacandelwana alandelayo aningiliziwe ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezibucayi kakhulu okumelwe zithathwe.

Ukubhala Ngenguquko Nangemva Kokuphumula

Ukubhala okuyimfihlo kunikeza noma ubani ngokungangenisi isihluthulelo sokubhala ngokusemthethweni. Imniningwane ekuthutheni, ukuthutha uMalense (TLS) 1.2 noma 1,3 iyi-protocol esemthethweni yokugcina ukudluliswa kwe-web highsion, kuhlanganise ne-API ukudluliswa komafayela nge-HTTPS. Ukudluliswa kwamafayela amaningi, imithetho enjenge-SFTP (SSH File Expread Protocolvement) ne-FTS (FTS phezu kwe-SSLS/TLS) inikeza ukukhomba okuqinile kwakho kokubili ukwaziswa kanye nesiqiniseko. Izinhlangano kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi ukufakwa kokuvulwa kwemibhobhobho ngesilinganiso esingu 256 yemigqa yemigqa yemiboniso olunjenge-AES. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwemininingwane yezokuxhumana, i-STLS, i-screctives soundations. Lokhu kumele ukugcinwa ngisho nokugcinwa ebhokisini yemibhomu ye-mindezi.

Izimiso zemininingwane: izitifiketi kumele zitholakale kubaphathi besatifiketi abathenjwayo (CAS), amakhiye eSSH kufanele ajikelwe ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi imitapo yokubhala ngokukhowuda kumele igcinwe i-proto29toādia emelene nolwembulo olwaziwayo. I-European Union for Cybersecurity (ENISA) ikhipha i-gudance onnumments kanye nezimiso eziyinhloko [, izinhlangano ze-Irlands zingazisebenzisa ukuphawula imikhuba yazo yokubhala nge-bhandex.

Imithetho Engokomthetho Yokukhulumisana Elondekile

Ngaphandle kokuvulwa, ukukhetha kwemithetho yokuxhumana kuthinta ukulondeka. i-HTTP, i-S, i-SFTP, ne-WebDAV HTTPS kuyafanelekela ukudluliswa kwezinhlelo eziningi. Isimiso sohlelo productivations mayelana nemininingwane ye-header(i-HonthanualThunnets) yokuxhumana okufihlekile phakathi kwe-65premis Wessel noma indawo yamafu. I-Webôtosséctics kanye ne-IPsecsec noma i-OpenVPN inikeza ulwembu lwengxenye ye-pasecce noma i-ecet, inciphisa indawo engaphezulu yokuhlasela. Izilungiselelo futhi kufanele zicabangele ukusetshenziswa kokuxhumana okunikezelweyo kwe-ibusomphytocrea, njengokusetshenziswa kwe-AWSCreexpout, ukudluliswa kwe--endm-expoletedmind. Nakuba lezi zithulome ezinga ezibekwe ngokufihlekile, ngokuhlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa.

Isiqiniseko sehlulekile

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingobani zombili izisekelo zomthumeli nomamkeli. Ukuqinisekisa oku-milhiqela (MFA) kufanele kube nesibopho kunoma iziphi izinhlelo zokudlulisa noma inkonzo yokudlulisa. Izitifiketi zezezinombolo, amakhasimende {sikhaside TLS, ne-SSH izinqubo ezivamile zokulawula imishini [1]tomainformation isiqiniseko. I-molectionation esekelwe ekulawuleni (RBAC) iqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi ezigunyaziwe kuphela zinekhono lokusungula noma lokuguqula izinhlelo zokulungisa. Ukwaziswa nokuphatha (IAM) kufanele zilandele isimiso selungelo elincane, inike imvume edingekayo kuphela yokwenza umsebenzi. Izinhlelo zokudlulisa amathuluzi akumelwe neze zibhalwe ngokwezinsikathano-mbhalo; esikhundleni samathuluzi esiyimfihlo njengo HasCPremptator noma izinqonqola-okhi ezigcina inkinobho.

Ukuhlola njalo ama-logi kanye nezenzakalo zokuqinisekisa kuyasiza ekuboneni umsebenzi onzima. Iziqondiso ze-EDPB ezimayelana nezindlela zobuchwepheshe zitusa ukuphumelela kokugawula nokuhluleka ukuqinisekisa futhi zigcine inkathi evumelana nesimiso se-data senhlangano sokugcina ulwazi. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zingobo nge-Security Information ne-Prolectal Management (SIEM) kwenza ukuba ukuqapha kwangempela kwesikhathi esifushane kubonise ukuziphatha okusolekayo.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kobuqotho Bemininingwane

Ukudluliswa okulondekile akubangelwa nje kuphela ukufihla imfihlo kodwa futhi futhi mayelana nobuqotho. Imithetho-mgoqo yokudlulisa njenge SHANURA 256 noma SHA 7612 ingasetshenziselwa ukuveza ama-chemists ngaphambi kokudluliswa. Iqembu elamukelayo libuye liphinde lifake i-hash futhi liyiqhathanise nenani lomthumeli. Noma ikuphi ukuguquguquka kubonisa ukuphamba noma ukukhohlakala. Ukudlulisa amafayela amaningi, kuhlanganise ne-SFTPHP no-HTTPS, kuhlanganisa ngokuzenzakalela ukuhlola ubuqotho nge-MAC (Izimiso zesiqiniseko). Izinhlelo ezigxekayo zingamisa izisayino zohlelo zobuchwepheshe ezingagunyazi--micisholo ukuze zinikeze ukuthunyelwa okungagcishwanga-65202, kufaka ubufakazi bokuthi imininingwane i-data ivela esimweni esithile futhi ayishintshiwe ekuthulweni.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esingokomthetho Nezivikelo Ezivamile

Nakuba imigaqo yobuchwepheshe ibalulekile, izivikelo ezingokomthetho zinikeza inqubo engokomthetho yokuziphendulela efunwa yi-GDPR. Isibopho esingokomthetho esibaluleke kakhulu ukudluliswa, izivumelwano ze-data (DPA) ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 28, okumelwe zibe khona noma nini uma iprojekthi iphatha imininingwane yomuntu siqu ngenxa yomlawuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano kufanele zicabangele imithetho ebophayo yenkampani (BCRR) ye-intrapreadgion, nakuba i-BCRCR iklanyelwe ngokuyinhloko amaqembu ahlukahlukene adlulisela ukwaziswa ngaphandle kwe-EU. Phakathi ne-EU, umbuso ongahleliwe-V osebenza ku-3566Ounicoult; kodwa, izinhlangano eziningi zase-Ireland kufanele zikhethe ukuthatha i-SCCC noma ama-BCRCRC ukuze zibonise inqubo engcono kakhulu yokuvikela i-data edluliselwa kuwo wonke amazwe.

Izivumelwano Zemininingwane (DPAs)

Ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 28, i-DPA kumelwe ichaze indaba ehambisana nendaba, isikhathi, imvelo, kanye nohlobo lwemininingwane yomuntu siqu nezigaba zezihloko zokwaziswa. Isivumelwano kumelwe futhi sibeke izibopho ezithile kumphathi wenqubo: ukulungiselela kuphela iziyalezo ezigciniwe, ukuqinisekisa imfihlo yezisebenzi, ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele, ukusiza umlawuli wezokwaziswa ngamalungelo emininingwaneni kanye nokuphula izimemezelo, nokucima ulwazi, kanye nokucima ukwaziswa ekupheleni kwenkonzo. Ngoba intrapangoEEU ukudluliswa, i-DPA iyodwa yanele ukwanelisa imfuneko yokulawula, uma nje umlawuli wezomthetho ebekwe ngaphakathi kwe-U noma ezweni lesithathu elimbozwe limbozwe ngesinqumo sokungalawuleki. Izinhlangano zase-Ireland kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi i-DPA i-DS isayinwe noma isiphi isikhundla esicacile futhi ingena isibopho.

Imithetho Ka - Claus Evamile Neyokuhlanganisa

Nakuba ama-SCCC abophekile kuphela ukuba athunyelwe emazweni esithathu, ama-Arish amaningi awenza ngokuzithandela angene ezivumelwaneni nabaphathi be-EU. ahlele i-system esemthethweni kuzo zonke izibopho. I-European Commission yanamuhla ephuculiwe i-SCCs (2021) ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezimo, kuhlanganise nomphathi we-processioner kanye nomphathi we-processorvestions. Ihlanganisa futhi nezinhlelo zamalungelo olwazi, ukubophana kweziphathimandla. I-intrapregropoctives, i-BCRR ingamukelwa ukuze yakhe inqubo yokuvikela ukwaziswa okufanayo esebenza kuzo zonke izindikimba eziphakathi kweqembu, ngaphandle kwezindawo zendawo. Nakuba ithola imvume egunye inqubo ebanzi ye-BCRCRCMphathiswayo, inikeza inqubo ende futhi iveza isibopho esingathi sína sokusebenza.

Izindlela Ezisebenzayo Zokuxhumana Nemininingwane

Ngaphandle kwezimiso eziqinile kanye nezimiso zobuchwepheshe, ukuthunyelwa kokwaziswa okulondekile kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo. Usongo luyaziguqula, lushintshe ubudlelwane nemithetho yebhizinisi. Izindlela ezilandelayo zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulondeka kuhlala kusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imikhondo ephithizelayo nokuhlolwa

Ukudluliswa kwemininingwane ngayinye kufanele kuveze ukungena kwendlela yokungena ethatha i-hestamp, umthombo nendawo yokufikela i-IP, ubukhulu be-data, i-protocol, nomphumela. La ma-logini asebenza njengobufakazi bokuphenya noma ukuhluleka. La mafasitela asebenza njengobufakazi bokuhlola okulandelwayo kanye njengomtho womthetho we-asensic esenzeka sesenzakalo sokhuseleko. Ama-log kumele agcinwe ngendlela e-xpluntecter greement, ngokuzenzakalela esilinganisweni sokugawulwa esihlukene nesimiso sokugawudelwa esihlukaniswe endaweni ezungezile. Imithetho yokuhlola ezenzekelayo ingadwebela imiqulu engavamile, ngemva kwamahora angu-636, ukuthunyelwa kwesiqiniseko okuphindwayo, noma ukudluliselwa emakhelini engazini engazilindelekile. Ama-IP Kleanders kumele kukhuliswe kuvinywe eqenjini lokusebenza (OC) ukuze kuphenyiswe.

Ukuhlela Ngokushesha Ukusabela

Naphezu kwazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha, izenzakalo zingavela. Izinhlangano kumelwe zibe necebo lokusabela eliqondile elithi ukudlulisa imininingwane yezenzakalo zokuphepha. Icebo kufanele lichaze izindima nemithwalo yemfanelo, iminyango yokuxhumana, izinqubo, kanye nemishini yezaziso ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 33 (amahora angu-72 egunyeni lomphathi) neSiphakamiso 34 (ukuxhumana nezihloko zemininingwane). Ukuvivinya itebhula lokudla nokuhlobisa okukhethekile kungenza iqembu likwazi ukwenza icebo ngaphansi kokucindezelwa. Kumazwe ase-Ireland, i-DPC alindele ukusheshisa nokubika okuphelele; ukulibala noma izazisozelelwe zingaphumela ekukhiqiniseni okubalulekile.

Ukubukeza Nokuvuselelwa Kwasikhathi Sonke Kwezokulondeka

I-software i-vlabibibialties, ishiyiwe imidwebo yokucasula, nokulungisa okuphelelwe isikhathi kuyizindawo zokungena ezijwayelekile zabahlaseli. Izinhlangano ze-Ireland kufanele zihlele ukuhlohlwa kwemitapo yezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuhlola okuthi ngokukhethekile okufunwayo ukudluliswa kokwaziswa, kuhlanganise nama-aPI ray, nezisebenzi ezidluliswayo. Izinqubo zokulawula i-pappa kumele ziqale zigxekwe kakhulu emitatsheni yezincwadi ye-TLSLS, i-SSH imitation, kanye ne-software ye-filters. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imijikelezo ye-mfunda-mfunda-mfunda-mphindo kumele iqinisekise ukuthi i-DPAs kanye ne-SCC ihlala ihambisana nesiqondiso samuva. Uma kwenzeka ushintsho olubalulekile luyenzeka (umz., u-me., i-proms aption-sychtive systdioth-systdioth-se syst (exparectionation proriverivery, i-symplic

Ukuqeqesha Nokuqaphela Izisebenzi

Iphutha lomuntu liyimbangela eyinhloko yokuphulwa kokwaziswa. Abaqashi abaphatha ukudluliswa kokwaziswa kumelwe baqeqeshwe ngezinqubo ezilungile, kuhlanganise nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi umninikho umniniyo ukhona, indlela yokufiphaza amafayela ngaphambi kokuthumela, nendlela yokuqaphela imizamo yokudlulisa izisulu. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kuqaliswe minyaka yonke futhi kwenezelwe ngokuxhumana okuhloselweyo uma kuvela izinsongo ezintsha. Impucuko eqinile yokuvikela inciphisa amathuba okuchayeka ngengozi futhi iqinisekise ukuthi izisebenzi ziyayazi ukuthi zingabika kanjani umsebenzi osolekayo.

Ukuvikelwa Kwemininingwane (DPIA)

I-DCAT 35 idinga i-DEPI lapho ukuthunyelwa kwemininingwane yomuntu siqu kuphumela ekufakeni kakhulu engozini yamalungelo nenkululeko yabantu. Ukudluliswa kwemininingwane esheshayo yezempilo, i-biometric memome, amarekhodi emali phakathi kwe-Irish ne-EU kungabangela lesibopho, ikakhulukazi uma ukuthunyelwa kuhilela ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane emikhulu noma ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-firemm noma i-A. U-A projectal ihlaziya imfunote nesilinganiso se-oral yendlela yokusebenza, ichaza izingozi, futhi isho izinyathelo zokuyidlulisa. I-data elondekile, i-UPA kufanele ihlanganise ukuhanjiswa kokwaziswa okuhamba kwe-mea, umshini nokulawula kwe-octive esendaweni, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwengozi ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-DECA, uma kubhalwe futhi kulokhu kubekwa i-dd ye-A, uma kulokhu kubekwa futhi kubekwa i-A ye-A ye-rish.

Isiphetho

Ukudluliswa kokwaziswa okulondekile phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-EU kutholakala ngenhlanganisela yokulawula okuqinile kobuchwepheshe, izinqanda ezicacile, nokuqapha okusobala. Ukubambisana ne-GDPR akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esingu-2001 kodwa isibopho esiqhubekayo esidinga ukubukezwa njalo nokuguqulwa kosongo olusha nentuthuko. Ngokusebenzisa ukugcinwa kwe-projekthi, ukuqinisekiswa okukhulu, ukufakwa kwe-DPAs, nokuhlelwa kwemininingwane ye-DPAs, kunganciphisa izingozi zokuphulwa kwemininingwane yedata futhi kwakhe izihloko ze-data ngokunye. Ukusetshenziswa komthetho we-Irish nezokuxhumana kudinga ukuhlelwa kwe-data kanye nezihloko ezifanayo. Izimiso zomthetho we-Irish, iziqondiso ze-EU, nezokuvikela okuyinkimbinkimbi kodwa okulawulwayo. Ukusebenza okungakhokhwaza ekudlulisweni kwe-data, ukufakwa kokwaziswa kuyohlangabezana nezinselele zomthetho wokwenezezombili. [AFENT]