Izindawo zokukhetha zihlela imiphakathi esihlala kuyo, zithonya izinqumo ezithinta yonke into kusukela ekuxhaseni kwesikole kuya ekuphepheni komphakathi. Ngokungafani nezinhlanga eziphezulu zesizwe, imincintiswano yendawo inquma ukuthi ubani ophatha uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali, uhlela izinqubo, futhi ubeka izinkonzo ezizodwa ezithengwa izakhamuzi nsuku zonke. Kodwa lokhu khetho ngokuvamile athola ukunakwa kakhulu futhi abavoti abaphansi. Ukuqonda indlela okhetho bendawo abasebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani benganika izakhamuzi amandla okuba zibe nengxenye embusweni wentando yeningi yendawo. Lesiqondiso sihlola inqubo, imiphumela, impumelelo, nezinselele zokhetho bendawo lapho sinikeza izinyathelo ezisebenzayo.

Ukuqonda Ukukhethwa Kwendawo

Kuvotelwa izikhulu zendawo ukuze zikhethe izikhulu zohulumeni bakamasipala nezezifunda, amabhodi esikole, izigodi ezikhethekile, nezinye izinhlangano ezisesigabeni esiphansi. Amahhovisi akhethekile ebhodi ahlukene ngokombuso nendawo kodwa ahlanganisa imeya, amalungu omkhandlu wedolobha, abaphathi besifunda, abameli, abahluleli, abahloli bentela, namalungu ebhodi yesikole. Lezi zikhundla zinquma ngokuqondile ezindabeni ezinjengokusetshenziswa kwezwe, ezomphakathi, impilo yomphakathi, nemfundo.

Indawo yokukhetha iyahlukahluka kwezinye izikhundla. Amanye amadolobha aba nokhetho ngoNovemba lweminyaka engavamile, kuyilapho amanye ehlela ngokwahlukana emincintiswaneni yombuso noma kahulumeni ukuze agcine ukugxila komkhakha wendawo. Ukhetho oluyinhloko, ukhetho oluhambayo, nokhetho oluvamile konke kwenzeka ngesilinganiso sendawo. Izindawo eziningi zisebenzisa futhi ama-opartistan bollat amahhovisi athile, abafuni ukuvela ngezimpawu ze-partical. Le nqubo ikhuthaza abavoti abathatha iziqu ezigabeni zabo kunokuba bafake i-partifomu, nakuba ingenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa abalandelayo ngaphandle kokuthumela imiyalezo ecacile.

Izinhlobo Zezikhundla Zendawo Eziqanjiwe

Ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele ukufinyelela kokhetho lwendawo, kuyasiza ukuqonda izindima eziyinhloko ezisebhokisini lokuvota.

UMkhandlu Wasedolobheni Ne - Mayor

Umphathi-dolobha usebenza njengesikhulu esiyinhloko sedolobha, eqondisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi esebenzisa izimiso zomkhandlu. Amalungu omkhandlu wedolobha asebenza njengendikimba yomthetho, idlulisa imithetho, avumelani nohlelo lokuhlelwa kwemali, futhi amise ukuqondisa okuhlelekile. Ngakunye benza izinqumo mayelana nezindawo zokuhlala, imisebenzi yomphakathi, amapaki, nezinkonzo zikamasipala. Amanye amadolobha asebenzisa isimiso esiqinile lapho umphathi-meya enamandla khona, kuyilapho amanye esebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso somkhandlu-mphathi wesigebengu, kanye nomphathi-makhekhela osebenza njengomholi wezemikhosi noma umphathi.

Uhulumeni Wesifunda

Izikhulu zesifunda noma abaphathi baphatha izinkonzo zesifundazwe jikelele njengezezomthetho, amajele, imigwaqo, iminyango yezempilo, nemitapo yezincwadi. Uhulumeni wesifunda uvame ukwengamela ukuhlelwa kwentela yempahla, ukuqondiswa kokhetho, nezinkonzo zezenhlalakahle. Lezi zikhulu zingaba nethonya elikhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasemiphakathini engenawo uhulumeni kamasipala.

Ibhodi Yesikole

Amalungu ebhodi lesikole amisa izimiso zesifunda, avumela ukuhlelwa kwemali, abaqashi, futhi anqume izinqubo zemfundo. Banomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuqondile ngezinga lemfundo ezikoleni zendawo. Izinqumo eziphathelene nokuvalwa kwesikole, amaholo othisha, kanye nokunikezwa kwezimpahla zincike kakhulu ngaphansi kwesasasa labo. Okhetho lwebhodi yesikole lunethonya elikhulu ngoba luthinta abafundi, abazali, nezindinganiso zempahla.

Izifunda ezikhethekile

Izigodi ezikhethekile ziyizindawo zikahulumeni ezizimele ezinikeza izinkonzo ezithile ezinjengomanzi, indle, isivikelo somlilo, amapaki, noma ezokuthutha. Zibuswa amabhodi akhethiwe. Nakuba zingabonakali, lezi zigodi zivame ukuphatha izakhiwo ezibalulekile. Abaholi bangase bangaqapheli ukuthi bakufanelekele ukuphonsa amabhodi ezindawo zamanzi noma amabhodi athuthayo, alawula amazinga nezindlela zokusebenza.

Indlela Ukukhetha Kwendawo Okukuthinta Ngayo Ukuphila Kwakho Kwansuku Zonke

Imiphumela yokhetho lwendawo ithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke, ngokuvamile ngokushesha kakhulu kunomthetho kahulumeni.

Imfundo

Ibhodi lokhetho lwesikole linquma ukuhlelwa kwemali enikezwayo, imigangatho yemfundo, nokunakekelwa kwezakhiwo. Uma ibhodi yesikole ivumela isilinganiso esithile sobuhlobo, ingabangela ukwakhiwa kwekilasi noma ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhodi eligawula izinhlelo zobuciko noma ekhulisa izinga lekilasi lithinta ngokuqondile indawo yokufunda. Okhetho futhi basendaweni banquma ukuthi izikole zikhona ngemva kwezinhlelo zesikole, zinikeza izinkonzo zempilo, noma ziqasha izikhulu zezemali. Abavoti abagunyazi bangasekela ukuxhasa ukuxhasa kwemali yesikole, baqinisekise ukuthi izindawo eziswelekile zithola imithombo eyanele.

NgokweNational Center for Education Statistics, cishe amaphesenti angu-90 emali yesikole ivela kuhulumeni nasemithonjeni yendawo, futhi intela yempahla iyingxenye eyinhloko yendawo. Lokho kusho ukuthi umavoti okhathalela imfundo kufanele aqaphele kokubili izinhlanga zesikole nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo ezihlobene nemali yesikole. iNational Education Association inikeza izimali ekuqondeni isimiso semfundo sendawo.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi

Ama-Mayar, imikhandlu yamadolobha, nesifundazwe samaphoyisa amisa inqubo yamaphoyisa, umnyango womlilo, kanye namasu okusabela okuphuthuma. Izinhlelo zinquma ukuthi yini ezakuqala kulezi zikhungo. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhandlu unganquma ukutshala izinhlelo zobudlova zomphakathi zokungenela noma ukwandisa amaphoyisa. Izinqumo eziphathelene namakhamera endikimba, ukusebenzisa izinqubo zezenkolo, kanye namabhodi angabaphathi abamele izakhiwo zendawo ezikhethwe.

Ukuphepha komphakathi kuhlanganisa nokuvikela umlilo, izinkonzo zama-ambulense, nokulungiselela inhlekelele. Izigodlo ezisezindaweni eziningi zikhetha amalungu ebhodi yomlilo ahlela uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali namazinga abaphathi. Izimpikiswano zamuva ngokuncishiswa noma ukushintshwa kweminyango yamaphoyisa zigcizelela indlela okhetho lwendawo olungayishintsha ngayo indlela yokuphepha komphakathi. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngokugcinwa komthetho, bheka [[FLT: 0] Inhlangano yeJaji [[FLT]

Iziyalezo Nezinkonzo

Imigwaqo, amabhuloho, izitaladi zasemgwaqweni, izibani zendle, nezokuthutha umphakathi kulawulwa ohulumeni bendawo. Amalungu oMkhandlu nezikhulu zesifunda bahlela imisebenzi yenhloko- dolobha futhi banike izimali zokuyinakekela. Idolobha elingazinaki izakhiwo lingase libhekane nemigodi, izikhukhula, nezindlela zokuhamba ezingaphephile, kuyilapho idolobha elihlala kahle lifaka imali ethuthukisiwe isikhathi eside.

Izikhulu eziqashelwe zikhona futhi zivumelana ngokususa udoti, ukubuyisela, nokulima kweqhwa. Zihlela izimali nokunquma ukuthi kunezinkonzo ezingakanani. Ukugcinwa kwezindawo, ukulawulwa kwezilwane, nemitapo yezincwadi yomphakathi kuwela ngaphansi kwalesisambulela. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho usebenzisa ipaki, ubamba ibhasi, noma ukhokha isikhwa samanzi, usebenzelana nezinqumo ezenziwe ngokhetho lwendawo. INhlangano yesizwe yaseCitys[ isakaza ukucwaninga ngezimiso zezesisekelo sendawo.

Izindlu Nentuthuko

Imithetho yokuziqamba, imvume yokwakha, nezimiso zokulawula intela zinqunywa kakhulu endaweni yendawo. Amalungu omkhandlu wedolobha kanye namabhodi okuhlela anquma ukuthi angavumela izakhiwo ezintsha, izigaba zomkhaya owodwa, noma intuthuko yezentengiselwano. Lezi zinqumo zithinta ngokuqondile ukukhokha izindlu, ukuphakama komphakathi, nokukhula kwezomnotho.

Okhetho bendawo bangathonya ukuthi umphakathi wamukela izinqubo zokuhlanganisa indawo, ezidinga abathuthukisi ukuba bahlanganise izilinganiso ezibizayo. Babuye bamise imithetho yokuvikela nezinqubo zokuxoshwa kwezindawo. Njengoba izindleko zezindlu zinyuka ezweni lonke, abavoti abakhathalela ukukhokha kumelwe bahileleke ezinhlangani zendawo. Uban Institute inikeza ukuhlaziywa kokwaziswa okunemininingwane yezimiso zendawo zokuhlala.

Impilo Nendawo Ezungezile

Izinhlangano zezempilo zendawo, amabhodi ezempilo, kanye nezindawo ezizungezile zonke ziphendula izikhulu ezikhethiwe. Phakathi nenhlekelele yempilo yomphakathi, izikhulu zesifundazwe nomphathi-sifunda bangakhipha iziphakamiso zokugunyaza, amabhizinisi aseduze, noma ukwandisa imithombo yokuhlola. Izikhulu ezikhethiwe zikhuthaza imithetho yezinga lezindiza, izinga lokuphepha kwamanzi, kanye nokulondolozwa kwepaki.

Izindaba zendawo ezungezile ezinjengokusetshenziswa kwezibulala zinambuzane, izimfuneko zezihlahla, nezisusa zamandla ezivuselelwayo zivame ukuvela emalolini endawo. Amanye amadolobha aye akhetha amabhodi asekelayo aqondisa amaqhinga esimo sezulu. Ukusebenza kokhetho lwendawo kungezinye zezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthuthukisa indawo ezungezile. i-Environmental Law Institute[ inikeza ukwaziswa ngezimiso zendawo ezungezile.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezomnotho

Izikhulu zendawo zifaka amabhizinisi amabhizinisi, zinikeza izisusa zentela, futhi zisekela izinhlelo zokuqeqesha izisebenzi. Zinquma ukuthi zingasungula izifunda zezebhizinisi noma zikhokhele ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi emincane. Ngokuvamile abaxhasi basekela imisebenzi engavuselela izindawo zasedolobheni noma ikha imisebenzi. Lezi zinqumo zithinta amathuba emisebenzi kanye nesikhungo sentela sendawo, okuthi kamuva kuthinte izinga lemisebenzi kamasipala.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezinqumo Zasendaweni

Naphezu kwethonya labo eliqondile, okhetho bendawo lunezinkinga eziningana ezilawula imvelo ezinciphisa ukuphumelela nokulunga kwabo.

I - “poter Turrout ” Ephansi

NgokwePortland State State EFomtion Administration Center, isilinganiso sokhetho lwendawo siphansi njenge-15-27% emadolobheni amaningi, uma kuqhathaniswa no-50-60% okhethweni lukamongameli. Uma amavoti ambalwa, amavoti aba yi-prototed aba yimeleli encane. Omdala, ocebile, nabavoti abafunde kakhulu bathambekele ekumeleni ngokweqile, kuyilapho intsha, abaqashi, nemiphakathi emincane ingaphansi. Ukuvota kungaholela ezimisweni ezingabonisi izidingo zomphakathi obanzi.

Uma kususwa ukhetho lwe-ccrack, oluthathwa ngezinsuku ezihlukene nezinhlanga zikahulumeni, ngokuvamile luveza ukuthatha indawo okuphansi kakhulu. Amanye amagunya aye ashukumisela okhetho bendawo ukuba bavumelane nokhetho oluvamile ukuze bathuthukise ukungenela, kodwa lokhu kunganciphisa nokunaka ezindabeni zendawo.

Ukungaqapheli Nokwaziswa

Abavoti abaningi bayalwa ukufunda ngabazohlolwa kanye nezindaba zendawo. Imithombo yezindaba yasendaweni iye yehla kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, inciphisa ukutholakala kombiko ozimele. Ngokuvamile abaholi abakwazi ukusekela imali yokufaka imvume ebanzi, bashiya abavoti bethembele ezimpawini zegceke, ezembulweni zezokuxhumana, noma ekusekeleni. Izinyathelo zeBallot zingadida, futhi abavoti bangase bangaqondi imiphumela emide yesilinganiso sezemali noma ukwanda kwentela.

Ukhetho, nakuba luhloselwe ukunciphisa isigaba sezombangazwe, lungenza ukuba umvoti aqhubeke eqonda. Ngaphandle kwezimpawu zeqembu, abavoti kumelwe bathathe izikhundla zokucwaninga ezindabeni zendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. [[FLT: 0] I-Leagues of Women Voters inikeza abaqondisi abangavoti abangekho 76partisan bezindawo eziningi.

Ukungafani Kwemithombo Yemali

Imikhankaso yendawo ivame ukusebenza ekusebenziseni imali yokuhlela izicathulo uma iqhathaniswa nemijaho yesizwe noma yesizwe. Izisebenzi zingathembela ezinhlengweni ezivela kubathuthukisi, izinyunyana, noma izithakazelo ezikhethekile, ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngethonya. Ukulinganisela kwemali futhi kusho ukungakwazi ukufinyelela abavoti ngeposi, izikhangiso, noma ngemisebe yomnyango. Amakhandi asuka emidlalweni ephansi abhekene nemigoqo eyengeziwe ekuphakamiseni imali nokuqashelwa kwegama lokwakha.

Ukucindezelwa Kwezinto Ezishisayo Nezithiyo

Imithetho ye-ID ebekelwe imingcele, izindawo zokuvota ezilinganiselwe, nokukhishwa kwemishwana yokuvota kungathinta ngokungenakulinganiswa imiphakathi yemibala kanye nemali efunyenweyo ephansi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukhetho lwendawo luvame ukuba luphansi, lemingcele ingaba nomphumela owehlayo. Ezinye izindawo ziye zasungula ukubhaliswa okuzenzekelayo kanye nokubhaliswa kosuku olulodwa ukuze zithuthukise ukufinyelela, kodwa intuthuko ayilingani.

Indlela Yokunqoba Lezi Zingqinamba

Izakhamuzi eziqonda izithiyo zingathatha izinyathelo ezingokoqobo zokuthuthukisa ukhetho lwendawo futhi zenza lungahlangani.

Nwebisa Ukufinyelela kweVoter

Ukusekela imithetho efana nokuvota okuzenzekelayo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, nokuthumela kungakhuphuka. Amadolobha amaningi aye athatha zonke izinqumo ezi-345mail, eziye zaboniswa njengezithuthukisa ukuhlanganyela. Ukukhuthaza izikhulu zendawo ukuba zenze okhethweni ngosuku olufanayo nanjengoba imincintiswano kahulumeni ingasiza. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingafaka ihlombe lokubhaliswa ezimakethe zabalimi, izikole, nezenzakalo zomphakathi.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukutholakala Kolwazi

Iziteshi zezindaba zendawo, inzuzo, nemitapo yezincwadi zingadala iziyalezo ezingakhokhwa ezichaza izikhundla zokhetho kanye nezinyathelo zokuvota ngolimi olulula. Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana angasetshenziselwa ukuxoxa nabazocela noma ama-orum. Izikole ezikhuthaza ukuhlanganisa imfundo yokhetho emakilasini ezakhamuzi zisiza intsha ukuba isheshe ithole ulwazi.

Qinisa Umkhankaso Wokubhikisha Amagilasi

Iminikelo emincane nemizamo yokuzithandela ingamelana nethonya lemali enkulu.

Ukuhileleka Ngaphandle Kokukhazimula

Nakuba ukuvota kuyisisekelo, okhetho bendawo lunikeza ezinye izindlela eziningi zokuhlanganyela eziqinisa ukuthembisana ngentando yeningi.

Ovolontiya Emkhankasweni

Imikhankaso yendawo idinga abantu ukuba bangqongqoze eminyango, bashaye izingcingo, bathumele izingcingo, bathumele izigigaba, futhi basize nge miyalezo. Inikeza okuhlangenwe nakho kokuzithandela ngenqubo yokukhetha futhi isiza abavoti ukuba bafunde ngabazovota.

Yiba Khona Emihlanganweni Yeningi

Izikhulu zithatha i-intanethi, ibhodi yesifunda, nemihlangano yesikole. Ukuba khona kwazo kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zizwe izimpikiswano, zikhulume phakathi nezikhathi zokuphendula komphakathi, futhi zibone izikhulu zilandisa ngezikhulu. Imihlangano eminingi ingena nge-intanethi, yenza kube lula ukuhlala unolwazi. Ukuba khona njalo kungaveza izindlela zokukhipha izinqumo 76 futhi kuqokomise izimpikiswano ezidinga ukunakekelwa komphakathi.

Gijima ukuze ungene ehhovisi

Amahhovisi endawo ngokuvamile anemali encane yokukhokha futhi awadingi ukuhlangana neqembu lezombangazwe. Ukujaha ibhodi lesikole, umkhandlu wedolobha, noma ibhodi yesifunda ekhethekile kuyindlela eqondile yokwenza ushintsho. Izikhulu eziningi zendawo ziqala njengezisebenzi zokuzithandela noma abameleli ngaphambi kokunquma ukusebenza. Izinhlangano ezinjenge zibalekela ihhovisi [ inikeza abangabafuna ukuya ehhovisi.

Sekela Izinyathelo Zokuqalisa Zebhola

Izindawo eziningi zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zimise imithetho noma zilungise ngokuthatha isinyathelo sokufaka isicelo. Ukuhlela i-apply kungadala izindaba ezinjengokwanda kweholo elilinganiselwe, ukuvikelwa kwezindlu, noma izindinganiso zendawo ezungezile phambi kwabavoti. Loluhlobo lwedemokrasi eqondile lunika imiphakathi amandla okudlula izishaya-mthetho ezingasabeli.

Ithonya Elibanzi Lokuhileleka Kwendawo

Lapho abantu behlanganyela ekukhetheni kwendawo, imiphumela idlulela ngalé kwezinhlanga. I-partport enamandla ithumela umyalezo owenzelwe izakhamuzi ukuba ziwukhathalele umphakathi wazo, zikhuthaza izikhulu ukuba zithathe indlebe. Ukuhlanganyela okuphikisanayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zemibono zinikeza ulwazi ngenqubo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kwezwe kunganciphisa ukwehlukana kwezombangazwe futhi kwakhe ukwethemba uhulumeni.

Ukhetho lwendawo lusebenza futhi njengepayipi labaholi besikhathi esizayo. Izazi zezombangazwe eziningi zombuso nesizwe zaqala imisebenzi yazo emikhandlwini yamadolobha noma emabhodini esikole. Ngokunaka izinhlanga zendawo, abavoti bangasiza ekuhlakuleleni isizukulwane esisha sezisebenzi zomphakathi.

Isiphetho

Kodwa lolukhetho luvame ukunganakwa, luholela ekuphumeleni phansi kwedemokrasi yotshani, lulololonga ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila kuyo yonke indawo. Ukusukela ekilasini kuya edolobheni, izinqumo ezenziwa izikhulu zendawo zithinta izindlu, ukuphepha, imfundo, nesisekelo. Kodwa lolukhetho luvame ukunganakwa, luholela ekuphumeni phansi nasekuphumeni kombuso wentando yeningi. Ngokuqonda izinqubo, ukuhlala benolwazi, nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo, izakhamuzi zingaqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi yazo ibonakalisa izindinganiso nezinto eziza kuqala.