Ukuqonda inqubo yokukhetha kubalulekile ku isakhamuzi ngasinye, kodwa abantu abaningi bathola izingqimba zokhetho lwendawo, lombuso, nohulumeni zidida. Izinga ngalinye libusa izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kusukela ezingeni lesikole sengane yakho kuya ekulondekeni kokudla okuthengayo. Lesi siqondiso sichaza izinhlobo ezihlukene zokhetho, indlela abasebenza ngayo, futhi kungani izindaba zakho zokuvota zisebenza ngazo zonke izinga. Ekugcineni, uyoba nebala elicacile lomgwaqo lokuhlanganyela kunoma iluphi ukhetho oluthinta umphakathi wakho nezwe lakho.

Izinhlobo Zokukhetha: Isimiso Esiminyene

Izinhlelo eUnited States zihlukaniswa ngokwezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: indawo, umbuso, nombuso. Uhlobo ngalunye lulandela izimiso zalo, imithetho, nezindawo zokufuna ukuvotelwa. Zizonke zikha isimiso esihlanganisa amandla phakathi kukamasipala, ohulumeni bezwe, nohulumeni bezwe. Ukuqonda la amazinga kukusiza ukuba ugxilise ukunakekela kwakho ezinhlangeni nasezindinganisweni zobuthakashe ezithinta ngokuqondile izindaba zakho eziningi.

Ukukhetha Kwendawo

Kuvotelwa izikhulu zendawo ukuze zikhethe izikhundla zemikhandlu yamadolobha, amabhodi esikole, amakhomishane esifundazwe, nezinye izikhundla zikamasipala. Lokhu kuvota kwenzeka ngeminyaka engavamile, ehlukene nemijikelezo kahulumeni, futhi kungadonsa umvoti ophansi. Nokho amahhovisi endawo enza izinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwakho nsuku zonke: izintela zempahla, imithetho yokuhlanganisa impahla, amapaki omphakathi, ukuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu, kanye nezifundo ezifundiswa ezikoleni zomphakathi.

Isihluthulelo sezikhundla kukhetho lwasendaweni zihlanganisa:

  • Ama-mayrs kanye noMkhandlu weDolobha Amalungu – misa uhlelo lwemali kamasipala, ivumela imisebenzi yokuthuthukisa, futhi iqasha amamenenja edolobha.
  • Amalungu ebhodi ye-School [ – inquma izindinganiso zemfundo, ukunikeza izimali zesikole, futhi umphathi wesikole uyaqasha.
  • Abakhomishane - - ukuphathwa kwezinkonzo zesifunda njengemitapo, imigwaqo, neminyango yezempilo.
  • Amajaji namasheya – - imithetho ephoqelelwayo, ukuphathwa kwezinkantolo zendawo, futhi ukwakheka kwesimiso sokwahlulela kobugebengu.
  • Izindlela zokuthatha indawo kanye nama-astenderum - - vumela abavoti ukuba banqume ngokuqondile umthetho ezindabeni ezinjengonyuko lweholo elilinganiselwe, ukugunyazwa ngokomthetho, noma ukuxhaswa kwemali yokuhamba yomphakathi.

Ngoba izinhlanga zendawo ngokuvamile azinakunaka kwemithombo yezindaba okunikezwa isifundazwe noma isizwe, abavoti kumelwe benze umzamo owengeziwe kubacwaningi. Imihlangano yomkhandlu wedolobha, izikhangiso zezindaba zendawo, kanye neziqondisi zevoti (njengalezo ezivela ku I-Love of Women Voters[]) ziyimithombo emihle kakhulu.

Ukukhethwa KukaHulumeni

Ukhetho lukahulumeni lunquma ukuhola nesiqondiso somthetho wezwe lakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlanga ze-gubernarian, imincintiswano yombuso we-ocensitive, namanye amahhovisi ezwe jikelele. Ohulumeni boMbuso banamandla amakhulu phezu kwemfundo, ezokuthutha, ezokunakekela impilo (kuhlanganise ne-Medicaid), nomthetho wobugebengu. Ukhetho lwezwe lungaqhutshwa eminyakeni ephakathi kwenani elikhona (ngokuvamile ngokuhlelwa kwe-oventine) noma ngeminyaka, kuye ngokwezwe.

Ibalulekile amahhovisi okhetho lwesifundazwe:

  • [[UMTL:0] Governor noLieutenant Mbusi - - uhola igatsha eliphethe, usayina izikweletu emthethweni, futhi uyale isifundazwe ugada.
  • Isimo Senators kanye nabameleli - - kudlula uhlelo lwemali kahulumeni, bhala imithetho kukho konke kusukela ekukhipheni isisu kuya ekwakheni, futhi yengamele izinhlangano zikahulumeni.
  • Abaphathi bezwe ababanzi – Attorney General (isikhulu sokugcinwa komthetho), unobhala weSizwe (obheka okhethweni nezicelo zebhizinisi), kanye ne State Treasurer (izimali zikahulumeni).
  • ISigono samajaji eNkantolo ePhakeme - - - ukuchaza imithetho-mthetho-mthetho kazwelonke nokuzwa izikhalo ezicatshangelwe, kuhlanganise namalungelo okuvota nokwahlulela kobugebengu.
  • Izinyathelo ezithathayo kanye nama-headerendum - izakhamuzi zingamisa imithetho ngokuqondile (umzk., ukubekwa kweKhavinian 13 ezintelani zempahla) noma ukuvunyelwa kokubuyiselwa kumthetho-sisekelo wezwe.

Ukhetho lukahulumeni lunquma futhi ukwakheka kwezishaya-mthetho zesifundazwe , eziphinda zidwebe izigodi ze-conodia nesifundazwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi ngokuguqula isimo. Umphumela walolukhetho uthinta ukulingana kombuso eGweni lama-omProfesthi.

Ukukhethwa Kwamazwe Azimele

Ukhetho lwenani lwenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili futhi lubonakala kakhulu emphakathini. Lunquma ukwakheka kweSishaya-mthetho sase-United States `Indlu yabaphathi(ne) neNdlu yeGawula (neminyaka emine, i-decrectory. Ukhetho lwe-Federal lumise umthetho wesizwe ngokuzivikela, ukufuduka, ukulawulwa kwezenhlalakahle, i-Medicare, ukuhwebela kwamanye amazwe, namalungelo omphakathi.

Amakhompathimenti okhetho lukahulumeni:

Ngoba izinhlanga zikahulumeni zivame ukubusa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni izindaba, kulula ukungayinaki imincintiswano ephansi. Nokho ithonya eliphindaphindiwe lokhetho lwendawo nombuso enkambisweni kahulumeni likhulu: izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zikhipha izinhlelo zikahulumeni ezinjengokwanda kwe-Medicaid, futhi abashushisi bendawo banquma ukuthi yiziphi izenzo zobugebengu eziphoqelelwa ngaphansi kwemithetho kahulumeni yezidakamizwa.

Inqubo Yokwehla: Hamba Ngenkani

Ukuqonda isinyathelo ngasinye kususa ukudideka futhi kukusiza ukuba ugweme izihibe ezivamile ezingavimbela ukuvota kwakho ukuba kubalwe.

Ukubhalisa ngevoter

Ukubhalisa i Voter kuyisinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu. Izimfuneko ziyahluka ngokwesifundazwe, kodwa ngokuvamile kumelwe ube isakhamuzi sase-U.S., isakhamuzi sombuso, futhi okungenani uneminyaka engu-18 ubudala ngoSuku Lokhetho. Izifundazwe eziningi manje zinikeza ukubhalisa nge-intanethi, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga ifomu yephepha noma ifomu yesicelo se-operan ehhovisi lokukhetha. I-National Voter Expabration Act (1993) yenza ukuba kubhaliswe lapho kubhaliswa noma kuvuse-layisenselwa umshayeli.

Imininingwane yokubhalisa yegoko ukuze kuhlolwe:

  • I-Deadlines - uhlwini kusukela kuSuku lokhetho ngokwalo (ezimweni ezinjengeNorth Dakota, engenabhaliswa) kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokhetho.
  • Ukuveza [ - - Izizwe eziningi zidinga inombolo yelayisense yokushayela noma izinombolo ezine zokugcina zenombolo ye-Social Security. Ezinye izifundazwe zicela ukuthatha isithombe se-ID uma zibhalisa ngeposi.
  • Party com - ezinye izizwe zifuna ukuba umemezele iqembu elizovota ezingeni elishintshwayo; hlola imithetho kahulumeni wakho.
  • Ikheli kanye negama zintsha – uma unyakazisa noma ushintsha igama lakho, kumele uphinde ubhalise noma uhlaziye ukubhalisa kwakho.

Izinhlangano ezingekho ngokomthetho ezinjenge . org inikeza amathuluzi alula okuhlola ukubhalisa kwakho futhi uthole indawo yakho yokuhlola. Ukuqinisekisa ukubhalisa kwakho okungenani emasontweni amabili ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho kukunika isikhathi sokulungisa noma iziphi iziphambeko.

Izindlela Zokusakaza

Seziphelile izinsuku lapho wonke umuntu kwakudingeka aye endaweni yokuhlola eyodwa ngolunye uLwesibili. I-United States manje inikeza ithuba lokuvumelanisa nezimiso zomsebenzi, uhambo, kanye nezinkathazo zempilo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuvota ku-umhla wokhetho - indlela engokwesiko; uvakashela indawo yakho yokuvota eyabelwe (check yenguquko ngenxa yokulungisa). Uletha uhlobo lwe-ID olwamukelekayo uma isimo sakho sifuna ukuba i-'i-'i-'.'
  • [ uvota kwasekuqaleni [ - izifunda eziningi zivula izindawo zokuvota izinsuku noma amasonto phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Ukuvota kwakuqala kunciphisa imigqa futhi kukunika isikhathi esengeziwe sokucwaninga izinyathelo zokuvota.
  • Ampiree noma ukuvota ngeposi - - icela isivoti esizothunyelwa ekhaya lakho. Ezinye ziphawula amabhola eposi ngokuzenzakalela kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo (umzk., i-Colorado, i-Oregon, iWashington). Abanye badinga izaba (umz., ukugula, ukuhamba).
  • Ikhofi yokuvota – kubavoti abakhubazekile noma abanezimo zokuhamba; ungavota emotweni yakho ngaphandle kwendawo yokuvota.

Indlela ngayinye inemithetho eqondile ephathelene nezinsuku ezimisiwe zokubuya, ukusayina ukuqinisekisa, nezimfuneko zofakazi. Hlola nehhovisi lakho lokhetho lwendawo lemiyalo enembile. phawula igcope: uma uvota ngeposi, gcwalisa futhi ubuyisele ifomu lakho ngokushesha uma usalithola ukuze ugweme izikhawulo zeposi.

Okwenzeka Ngemva Kokuba Ukhululeke

Ngemva kokuphonsa i-collet yakho, kuthatha inqubo yokuqinisekisa ukunemba nokulondeka. Imishini yokuvota ye-electronic ivota ngokuqondile; amavota ephepha ayahlolwa. Izifundazwe eziningi zenza ama-adictive misa ukuhlolwa kwemitapo ngemva kokhetho, imishini yokuhlola ukuthi imishini ibala amarekhodi ephepha. Ama-euragetaral blollot (asetshenziswa lapho uvota i-elligation ikhona) ayacwaningwa futhi abalwe kuphela uma umvoti eqinisekiswa. Ivoti yakho ayikwaziwa kodwa ilandela nge-backcodey ekhethekile ye-codeccodess noma ibholaot ezindaweni ezithile, ikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise uma imvume yakho inikeza umzila we-intergalot.

Ukubaluleka Kwazo Zonke Izici Ezikhethwayo

Izindawo zokukhetha ziwuphawu lwentando yeningi oluyimimeleli, zinikeza izakhamuzi ithuba lokukhetha abaholi ababonisa izindinganiso zabo, ukulandisa ngezikhulu zabo, nokuthonya ngokuqondile isimiso ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzinqumela.

[[UMTL:0] Kungani kuhileleke izindaba:[[[UMTL:1]

  • Imiphakathi ye-Emmorfera - ukhetho lwendawo lunquma ukuthi ama-dollar entela asetshenziswa kanjani ezikoleni, emigwaqweni, nasezinsingweni eziphuthumayo. Uma i-pactop iphansi, iqembu elincane labavoti linganquma izinto eziza kuqala emphakathini.
  • Imithetho yezwe[ - - izishaya-mthetho zikazwelonke zilawula izindinganiso zemfundo, ukukwazi ukungenela kwezempilo, imithetho yendawo ezungezile, nokuvota zizenza ziwumthetho ngokwazo. Amalungiselelo enkantolo yoMbuso athinta ukuchazwa kwalemithetho ezizukulwaneni.
  • Iqondisa lesizwe [ - ukhetho lukahulumeni lumise uhlelo lokufuduka, ukuhlangana kwezizwe ngezizwe, nokulinganisela kweNkantolo Ephakeme. Ukumiswa kukamongameli kuthonya ijaji amashumi amaningi eminyaka.
  • inikeza izikhulu ezikhethiwe ukulandisa [ - - izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezingazinaki izihlalo zazo zilahlekelwa izihlalo zazo. Ngisho noma ungavumelani nomnqobi, i-paret enkulu ithumela umyalezo owenzelwe uvoti futhi ubukele.

Ukwanda kwamalungelo okuvota okungokomlando − kusukela ekuHlaleni kweSichibiyelo se-15 (isiphazamiso esingaphikisiwe) kuya eSichibiyelweni sekhulu le-19 (ukungavumelani kwabesifazane) kuMthetho Wamalungelo Omphakathi ka-1965(ukulwa kwe-Photing Rights Act) kuveza indlela abantu abalwa kanzima ngayo ngenxa yomthetho ophoqelelwe. Ukuvota akulona ithuba elaphucwayo lokudumisa lelofa nokuhlela ikusasa.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nenqubo Yokunqoba

Naphezu kokubaluleka kokhetho, lesi simiso sibhekene nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezingase ziqede ubulungisa nokwethembana.

Ukucindezelwa Kwegesi

Ukunqandwa kwe-voter kubhekisela emithethweni nasemikhubeni enqanda noma ivimbele izakhamuzi ezifanele ekuvoteni. Amasu avamile ahlanganisa izimfuneko ze-ID yezithombe eziqinile, ukukhipha izingqimba zamavota ngaphandle kwesaziso esanele, ukunciphisa amahora okuvota angaphambili, ukususa izindawo zokuhlola ezindaweni ezimbalwa, nokufuna ubufakazi bokuba nezakhamuzi. Ukuhlola okuvela ku- Brennan Center yeJaji [ i-FLT] kubonisa ukuthi lezinyathelo zithinta ukuzuza okuphansi kakhulu, asebe abadala, kanye nevota abambalwa. Ukulwa, amaningi awenzile ukuvota ukubhalisa nokukhetha okuzenzekelayo kweposi. Uma uhlangana nezithiyo, ukuxhumana okungekho kwe-parvotarian sivikelo (umk.66,-UROTE).

Gerrymandering

UGreryman ngokomthetho ukusetshenziswa kwemingcele yesifunda seze-votor ukuze kunikeze inzuzo i-palitina elilodwa lezombangazwe. Ngokuzithela i-"'ahhala abaphikisi kunqamule izifunda eziningi noma “abajikijela” ezifundeni ezimbalwa, iqembu elinamandla lingazuza izihlalo eziningi ngisho nalapho lilahlekelwa amavoti athandwayo. Lokhu kululaza amandla okuvota emiphakathini enemibala futhi kuncintisane. Izinselele zeNkantolo ziye zaxubene, futhi amanye amazwe adala izikhomishane ezizimele zokudambisa ukucwaswa kwemibono ehlukene. Izakhamuzi zingasunduza ukushiswa ngenguquko ngezindlela zokuvota futhi umthetho.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Ukwaziswa okungamanga ngabavoti, imithetho yokuvota, nokuthembeka kokhetho kusakazekela ngokushesha emithonjeni yezokuxhumana nakuyimithombo yezindaba ephumayo. Izinganekwane ezivamile zihlanganisa izinsuku ezinganembile, izinkulumo ezingamanga ngokukhwabanisa ngeposi, kanye nokusekela okuqanjiwe. I-Mishformation ingadida abavoti, ukuvota, ukudabuka, noma ukubhebhedezela. Ukulwa nalokhu, njalo kuqinisekisa ukwaziswa kokhetho ngemithombo engokomthetho njengewebhusayithi yokukhetha kazwe noma izinhlangano ezingathembekile ezingethenjwa njenge Vate411.

Izithiyo Ezingatholakala

Ngaphandle kokucindezelwa nokungaqondi, imingcele esebenzayo yenza izakhamuzi eziningi ezifanele zivotelwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuntuleka kwezokuhamba, izimiso zomsebenzi eziqinile, imingcele yolimi, nokukhubazeka okwenza izindawo zokuvota zingafiki. Umthetho we-Federal udinga izindawo zokuhlola nokusiza kolimi okufinyelelekayo kwezinye izindawo, kodwa ukusungula kuyahluka. Ukuvota kwakuqala, izibhaxa zokuthumela iposi, kanye nokukhetha okungalawuli kusiza ekunciphiseni lemingcele. Uma udinga usizo, thintana nehhovisi lakho lokukhetha lendawo kusengaphambili.

Indlela Yokuhlala Unolwazi Futhi Uhlanganyela

Ukuba umvoti onolwazi kudinga umzamo oqhubekayo, hhayi nje ngaphambi koSuku Lokukhetha. Landela lemikhuba:

  • phawula ukubhalisa kwevota kusekuqaleni – misa isikhumbuzo esiphindaphindayo izinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokhetho ngalunye esifundazweni sakho.
  • abafuna ukucwaninga nesilinganiso – sebenzisa iziqondisi ezingenayo isigaba, izikhungo zokuvota, nokufunda izimemezelo zephephandaba lendawo. Bheka amarekhodi emali yezezimali zomkhankaso ukuze ubone ukuthi ubani oxhasa imali.
  • landela izikhulu zokhetho kwimithombo yezokuxhumana yezenhlalakahle - Omabhalane nonobhala besifundazwe bavame ukuposa izimemezelo zokushintshwa kwesikhathi, izinguquko ezindaweni zokuhlola, kanye nokuphepha.
  • Khuluma nabangane nomakhelwane [ - - ukhuthaza abanye ukuba bavote ithonya lakho. Izizwe eziningi zikuvumela ukuba uvote njengezisebenzi zokuvota noma ngisho uqhubele abantu ezinhlwini zokuvota.

Okhetho bendawo bancike kakhulu emazwini omlomo. Ingxoxo eyodwa ingakhumbuza othile ukuthi kuyenzeka ukhetho lwebhodi yesikole nokuthi ukuvota kwabo kungathinta izinga lekilasi lengane yabo.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda ukhetho lwendawo, lombuso nohulumeni akusona nje isifundo sezakhamuzi kuphela − kuyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokulolonga umphakathi wakini nezwe lakini. Kusuka kumphathi - dolobha onquma ukuxhasa ipaki ukuya kumongameli omisa imithetho yangaphandle, wonke umphathi wehhovisi uqala ngomkhankaso nangesivoti. Isimiso sisebenza kahle kakhulu uma sitshelwa, sikhuthaza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele kuzo zonke izinga.

Njengoba ukhetho olulandelayo lusondela, zinike imizuzu embalwa ukuqinisekisa ukubhalisa kwakho, funda ukuthi yini ephepheni lakho, futhi wenze icebo lokuvota. Uma usuvote njalo, cabangela ukuzinikela njengesisebenzi sokuvota noma usize ilungu lomkhaya ukuba libhalise. Ivoti ngayinye iyizwi, futhi ndawonye, abavoti banquma isiqondiso sesizwe. Ukuhlanganyela kwakho akulona ilungelo kuphela kodwa kunomthwalo owenzisa umbuso wentando yeningi.