Ukuba Izakhamuzi Kuchazwa: Isibopho Sakho Esingokomthetho Nesizwe

Ukuba isakhamuzi kumelela ubulungu obungokomthetho, obungokomthetho esifundeni esizimele. Kwakha isibopho esisemthethweni esithatha amahora amabili: umuntu ufanele ukwethembeka kumbuso, futhi umbuso, ufanele ukuvikelwa futhi ulwelwe yilungelo lomphakathi. Lesi simo asisona nje isiqu esisemthethweni; isisekelo sokuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe, ithuba lezomnotho, kanye nesazi esingokomthetho. Ukuqonda izisekelo ezingokomthetho zesizwe ("ukuthi zitholakala kanjani, ukuthi ziwanikezani amalungelo, futhi uma zilahleka kunoma ubani endleleni ukuze athole ukuma kwakhe okungokwemvelo noma afune ukuqonda ukuma kwakhe siqu. Umbono wokuba yisizwe uye wavela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, usuka elungeni eliboshelwe impahla nokuzala kube nokuzuza okukhulu, kodwa uhlala ungomunye umuntu onegunya elingokomthetho.

Isimiso somthetho sokubusa izakhamuzi sihlukahluka ngokwezwe, kodwa zonke izizwe zichaza ukuthi ubani ongowesizwe sazo sezombangazwe. E-United States, umthetho oyinhloko yi-Immignation and Nationality Act (INA). EUnited Kingdom, iBritish Nationality Act imisa imithetho. Isimiso ngasinye sixoxa ngemibuzo efanayo eyisisekelo: Ubani ozalwayo? Ubani ongase abe isakhamuzi kamuva? Kwenzekani uma isakhamuzi senza ngokumelene nezithakazelo zikahulumeni??

Isisekelo Sokuba Izakhamuzi: Jus Soli NoJus Sanguinis

Izimiso ezimbili zasendulo zisekela cishe yonke imithetho yesizwe: jus soli (ngakwesokudla kwenhlabathi) kanye juis juinins [ (ingakwesokudla segazi).

  • Jus soli unika noma ubani ozalwe emingceleni yendawo yezwe. I-United States neCanada ziyizibonelo ezivelele. ISichibiyelo se 14 se-U.S. uMthetho-sisekelo uqinisekisa ukuthi “bonke abantu abazalwa noma abadalwe e-United States, futhi abangaphansi kwegunya labo, bayizakhamuzi.” Lesi simiso siqinisekisa ukuthi cishe zonke izingane ezizalwe e-Melika ziyoba isakhamuzi sobuzwe noma isikhundla sokufuduka.
  • Jus uculainis ufaka ubuzwe obusekelwe ebuzweni bomzali oyedwa noma bobabili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yazalelwaphi. Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu, njengeJalimane ne-Italy, ngokuyinhloko alandela lesisibonelo, nakuba amaningi exuba nezici zejam soli. Ngokwesibonelo, umntwana ozalelwe phesheya kubazali baseJalimane angathola ubuzwe baseJalimane ngokwesizinda, uma nje abazali behlangabezana nezimfuneko eziqondile zokubhalisa.

Isimiso somthetho sanamuhla sihlanganisa lezi zindlela ezimbili. isakhamuzi sesikhathi esizayo kufanele sihlole ukuthi ukuzalwa kwabo noma ukuzalwa kwengane yabo kubangela ukuba umuntu abe yizakhamuzi ezizimele ngaphansi komthetho wendawo, ngoba lokhu kungenza indlela ibe lula kakhulu.

Izindlela Zokuthola Izakhamuzi

Umuntu ongesona isakhamuzi lapho ezalwa angaba yisiso ngezindlela zomthetho eziningi. Okuvame kakhulu yikho ukwenziwa kwamandla emvelo [, kodwa eminye imizila ikhona, kuhlanganise nomshado, ukutholwa, nezinhlelo zokutshala izimali. Indlela ngayinye inezithiyo ezizimele nezimfuneko zokubhala.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemvelo: Indlela Evamile Yabantu Abadala

Ukuqanjwa kwemvelo kuyinqubo engokomthetho lapho umuntu wesizwe sangaphandle ngokuzithandela ethola khona izakhamuzi ngemva kwezindawo ezimiswa izwe elamukelayo. Nakuba kunezici ezihlukile, izizwe eziningi ziyafuna:

  • Inkathi encane yokuhlala okusemthethweni okuhlala njalo (ngokuvamile iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu).
  • Ukuba khona okuqhubekayo okungokomzimba kulelizwe phakathi naleyonkathi.
  • Ukuziphatha okuhle, kwahlolwa ngesizinda nokubukezwa komlando wobugebengu.
  • Ukwazi ulimi, umlando nohulumeni walelo zwe (isimo, ukuhlolwa kwezakhamuzi zase - United States).
  • Isifungo sokwethembeka kuhulumeni wangaphambili.

E-United States, i-FLT formation comma N-400 ne-U.S. . Kufanele babe khona enqubeni ye-biomitrics, badlulise ingxoxo, futhi bathathe i-Oath of Allegiance emcimbini wokuhlinza wemvelo. Inqubo ingathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili, kuye ngokwemithwalo yendawo. Kubalulekile ukuba bagcine abantu behlala njalo futhi bagweme uhambo olude kwamanye amazwe olungase lunqamule ukuba khona okudingekayo.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ngokuzalwa Noma Ngokukhuliswa

Njengoba kuphawuliwe, abanye abantu bazuza izakhamuzi ngokuzenzekelayo lapho bezalwa. Emazweni agcizelela i-jus soli, lokhu kucacile. Kulabo abathembele kumajagun uweli, umntwana ozalelwe ngaphandle kwezwe kubazali basekhaya angasakufanelekela. Nokho, amazwe amaningi abeka imingcele: ngokwesibonelo, i-United States ifuna ukuba okungenani umzali oyedwa aphile eUnited States isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuba azalwe ukuze adlulisele izakhamuzi. Ukuqaphela ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlanganisa izitifiketi zokuzala, amalayisensele omshado, kanye namarekhodi abazali.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ezisekelwe Emshadweni

Ukushada nesakhamuzi akuzimiseli ukuba sibe isakhamuzi, kodwa kungasheshisa inqubo yokusiletha esimweni esingokwemvelo. E-U.S., iziphathimandla ezilawulayo ezihlala isikhathi eside ezishade ne-U.S. zingafaka isicelo sokuzivuselela ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela yokuhlala (ekugcineni kwemihlanu). Umbhangqwana kumelwe ufakazele ukuthi umshado ubizwa ngokuthi i-bona fade, awungeni nje kuphela ukuze uzuze ukufuduka. Izikhulu zezokukhokha izicelo zihlolisisa ngokucophelela, ngokuvamile zifuna ukubuyiselwa kwentela, ukukhokhwa okuhlanganyelwayo, nokukhokhwa okuvela kubangane nasemndenini.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ngokutshala Imali Noma Ngomthelela Oyingqayizivele

Inani elandayo lamazwe linikeza “izinhlelo zokutshala izimali”, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-sport egolide. Malta, i-Cyprus, kanye nezizwe eziningana zaseCaribbean zivumela abantu abacebile ukuba bathole izakhamuzi ngokushintshana neminikelo engokwezimali, ukuthengwa kwezindawo, noma ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi. Le zinhlelo ziphikisana ngokomthetho kodwa zingaphansi komthetho wendawo. Ngokufanayo, amazwe ambalwa anikeza izakhamuzi impumelelo engavamile kwezesayensi, ezobuciko, noma imidlalo, nakuba izimo ezinjalo zingandile.

Ukuze uthole ukucaciswa okuningi kwenqubo yokuzimela kwe-U.S., hlola i-USCIS ikhasi . Labo abanesithakazelo esimisweni saseBrithani bangabhekisela ekuqondiseni kukahulumeni UK esabelweni sezakhamuzi zaseBrithani[.

Amalungelo Nemithwalo Yemfanelo: Lokho Okushiwo Ukuba Izakhamuzi

Ukuba isakhamuzi kuvula uchungechunge lwamalungelo angokomthetho angekho kubantu abangakho, kodwa futhi kuphoqelela imisebenzi. Ukuqonda kokubili kubalulekile ekusebenziseni izakhamuzi ngokunakekela.

Amalungelo Ezakhamuzi

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yezakhamuzi

Amalungelo ahambisana nezibopho zokwenezela. Imithwalo yemfanelo eyisihluthulelo ihlanganisa:

  • [ Ukwenza umthetho: ubumi abukhululi muntu emiphumeleni engokomthetho. Eqinisweni, izakhamuzi zingabhekana nezijeziso ezinkulu ngenxa yobugebengu obuthile, njengokuvukela umbuso noma ukukhwabanisa kokhetho.
  • Ukukhokha izintela: Amazwe amaningi akhokha izakhamuzi zawo ngeholo lomhlaba wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ahlalaphi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United States ifuna izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe ukuba zibhalise intela ebuya minyaka yonke ne-IRS. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nayo kungaholela ezijezisweni nasekulahlekelweni kwesango lokungena.
  • Ukuhlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi:[ [isikhathi ukuvota kuyilungelo, kubhekwa futhi njengesibopho somphakathi. Inkonzo kaJury inye isibopho; ukuhluleka ukuvela lapho ubizwa kungaphumela ekukhokheleni noma ekudeleleni inkantolo.
  • Inkonzo yobupholisi: Emazweni abophelwe ukubuthwa kwezempi okuphoqelelwe, izakhamuzi zingafuneka zikhonze. Ngokwesibonelo, iNingizimu Korea ne-Israel zigunyaza inkonzo yezempi yezakhamuzi eziningi. Ngisho nasemazweni angabuthelwa empini, izakhamuzi zingabizwa ngezikhathi zezimo eziphuthumayo zesizwe.

Ukulinganiselwa Okungokomthetho Nokuhoxiswa Kwezakhamuzi

Ngokuvamile ukuba isakhamuzi kubhekwa njengokuhlala njalo, kodwa akuphelele.

Ukubuyisela Ngokuzithandela

Umuntu angase alahle ilungelo lakhe lobuzwe, ngokuvamile abe isakhamuzi selinye izwe esingavumeli ubuzwe obubili. Le nqubo idinga ukuvela phambi kwesikhulu se-costala nokukhokha imali. E-U.S., ukubuyiselwa akuguquki futhi kuphumela ekulahlekelweni kwawo wonke amalungelo namalungelo esizwe, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokuhlala e-United States. Umuntu angase angabi nazwe uma engenalo elinye izwe, ngakho kubalulekile ukuba ahlele ngokucophelela.

Ukuziphindiselela Ngokuzenzakalelayo

Intando yeningi yentando yeningi ilinganisela amandla kahulumeni ekususeni izakhamuzi. Nokho, ukuqedwa kungenzeka ezimweni zezezi:

  • Fraud noma ukuhlanekezela: Uma umuntu ethola izakhamuzi ngenkulumo engamanga, umlando wobugebengu ofihliwe, noma ezinye izindlela zokungathembeki, uhulumeni angazenza zingabonakali. Lenqubo idinga inkantolo eqhubekela phambili lapho uhulumeni kumelwe afakazele khona ukukhohlisa ngobufakazi obucacile nobuqinisekisayo.
  • Isizathu noma ubuphekula: Amanye amazwe avumela ukuchithwa kwezenzo ezingathi sína zokumelene nombuso. E-United States, i-INA ihlela izizathu eziqondile, kuhlanganise nokukhonza njengelungu lebutho lesitha elihlomile noma ukusekela izinto ezibonakalayo kumaphekula. Nokho, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. iye yanquma ukuthi ukuba izakhamuzi ziyilungelo eliyisisekelo futhi ayinakukhishwa njengesijeziso sobugebengu; inqubo efanele kumelwe ilandelwe.
  • Amazwe ambalwa ahlelelwe ukuhlala kwamanye amazwe: Amazwe ambalwa acishe aqede izakhamuzi uma isakhamuzi semvelo sihlala unomphela ngaphandle kwezwe iminyaka ethile. Lemithetho iya ngokuya incipha kodwa isahlala ezindaweni ezinjenge-China neSingapore.

Ukuze kufundwe ngokwengeziwe ngemingcele engokomthetho yokususwa kwesabelo sobuzwe, i-Libary yesiqondiso sokucwaninga soKhongolose sokuqeda i-'ndrounce' inikeza umbono olinganayo ngaphesheya kwemingcele.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ezihlangene: Ukuba Nezifunda Ezimbili (noma Ezingaphezulu)

Ukuba isakhamuzi esisodwa kwenzeka lapho umuntu eqashelwa ngokomthetho njengesakhamuzi samazwe amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo (isizk., ingane ezalwa ezweni lejus soli kubazali bezwe lejas culauinis) noma ngokuqashwa ngokwemvelo ezweni lesibili elingadingi ukulahla elokuqala.

Izimo zengqondo ngesizwe samazwe amabili ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. I-United States, iCanada, namazwe amaningi aseYurophu manje akuvumela. Ngokungafani, amazwe anjengeJapane, iNdiya, neSaudi Arabia afuna ukuba ezinye izizwe zilahle ezinye lapho zithola ubuzwe bazo. Umuntu onezakhamuzi ezimbili kumelwe alalele imithetho yawo womabili amazwe, engaholela ekuxabaniseni izibopho cishe ukukhokha izintela zombili noma ukuqhuba inkonzo yezempi kwenye uma uzama ukukhonza enye. Ukuthatha amaphasipala amabili kudinga futhi ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela: lapho ungena ezweni owesakha, kumelwe usebenzise leyo ndawo yokungena kulo.

Izakhamuzi zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zihlole ukuthi izwe lakubo liyabuqaphela yini ubuzwe obubili ngaphambi kokuba zifake isicelo sokuqashelwa kwenye indawo.

Ukungabi Nandaba Nezwe: Ukungavumelani Nemithetho

Ukungabi namthetho − isimo sokungaqashelwa njengesakhamuzi nganoma yiliphi izwe − iyindaba engathi sína engokomthetho neyokusiza abantu. Abantu abangenahulumeni abanalo ilungelo lobuzwe, ngokuvamile okusho ukuthi abanalo ilungelo lokuvota, akukho mvume yokungena, ukulinganiselwa kokunakekelwa kwempilo nemfundo, nokuvalelwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngokwe UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ukungabi namthetho kuthinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke.

Ukungabi namthetho kusuka ezindaweni eziningi ezihlukene emithethweni yobuzwe. Ngokwesibonelo, umntwana ozalwa abazali abangenazwe ezweni elinika nje ilungelo lokuba yizakhamuzi ngokuhlangana kwegazi angazuza njengefa ukungabikho kombuso. Ubandlululo lwezisekelo zobuzwe noma zenkolo lufeza indima. Umthetho wezizwe zonke, ikakhulukazi i- 1954 Convention ehlobene neSimo soHulumeni no-1965 eSivumelwaneni Sokungahlangani, ihlose ukuvimbela nokunciphisa ukungabi nambuso. Amazwe amaningi aye aguqula imithetho yawo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi abantwana abazalwe ezweni lawo ababengeke bazuze ubuzwe babo ngokungenjalo.

[[I-FLT:0] Ikhasi leUNHCR elingenazwe [[[FL:1] linikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngalendaba, kuhlanganise nendlela abantu abangasebenzisa ngayo ukuze baqashelwe njengomuntu ongenazwe futhi bafune isivikelo.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ezweni Eligcwele Imbulunga Yonke

Umqondo wokuba yizakhamuzi uyaqhubeka ushintsha. Ukuhamba phambili, ukwamukelwa kwabantu besizwe esisodwa, kanye nomnotho wezobuchwepheshe kuyimibono enzima engokwesiko yokuba amalungu. Amanye amazwe manje anikeza “amabhusa angenamdlandla” noma imvume yokuhlala isikhathi eside engasatholakali kodwa enikeza izinzuzo zayo eziningi ezingokomnotho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhamuzi zesikhathi esizayo zihlala zikhona ziwuphawu olunamandla lokuzichaza namalungelo. Izakhamuzi zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zihlale zitshelwe ngezinguquko zemithetho yokufuduka neyobuzwe, njengoba izinguquko zingavula izindlela ezintsha noma zivale ezikhona.

Usizo olungokomthetho nezinhlangano zomphakathi zingasiza enqubweni yesicelo, kodwa ukuqonda izisekelo ezichazwe kulesi sihloko kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufaka isicelo sokuba isakhamuzi wena noma usiza ilungu lomkhaya ukuba liqondise isimiso, ukwazi izisekelo ezingokomthetho kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungenza izinqumo ongazi lutho futhi ugweme amaphutha abizayo.

Imicabango Yokugcina Ngezakhamuzi Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuba isakhamuzi akuyona nje incwadi; kuwubuhlobo obungokomthetho obunemiphumela ejulile ekuphileni kwakho, emkhayeni wakho, nasesikhathini esizayo. Ngokuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo ``indawo] itholakala kanjani, noma imaphi amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo ehambisana nayo, futhi uma ingalahleka, uzenza usebenze ngokugcwele ezweni lakho elakhiwe. Funda imithetho eqondile yezwe ozolifunayo, funa iseluleko esingokomthetho uma isimo sakho siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ulungiselele ngokucophelela inqubo yokuthuthukisa imvelo. Uhambo ludinga isineke nesibopho, kodwa umvuzo uyingxenye egcwele yomphakathi wezombangazwe.