Okwenza Ukuchaza Umthetho - sisekelo Kube Yindaba

E-United States, uMthetho-sisekelo ungumthetho ophakeme wezwe, kodwa umbhalo walo kuphela awuxazululi yonke imibuzo engokomthetho noma yesimiso. Lencwadi ifushane ngokuqhathaniswa, ibhalwe ngolimi olubanzi, futhi yasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili edlule. Ukuze iqondise isizwe sanamuhla, amalungiselelo aso kumelwe achazwe futhi asetshenziswe ezimweni ezithile. Indlela uhulumeni achaza ngayo umthetho-sisekelo ngokuhlela konke kusukela emalungelweni omuntu ngamunye nasebusweni bezwe ukuya enqubeni yezezomnotho. Ukuchaza akusona isenzakalo esisodwa kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo ehilela wonke amagatsha ohulumeni, ngalinye liletha imibono nemithwalo ehlukene. Ukuqonda lokhu kumandla kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela ukubusa kweMelika esebenzela ngayo.

Inqubo yokuchaza umthetho-sisekelo inquma izinga lenkululeko efana nenkulumo, inkolo, kanye nezindaba zomuntu siqu. Ichaza imingcele yegunya likahulumeni, kungaba ngezikhathi zempi, zezomnotho, noma isimo esiphuthumayo somphakathi. Ilawula ubuhlobo phakathi kukahulumeni kahulumeni nohulumeni. Ngamafuphi, ukuchazwa koMthetho-sisekelo akuyona nje indlela yemfundo yemfundo; kuyindlela izithembiso zesisekelo zesizwe ezifezeka ngayo esizukulwaneni ngasinye.

Igatsha Lokwahlulela Namandla Okubukeza

Ukubukeza Kokwahlulela Njengetshe Eliyikhonkolo

Igatsha lokwahlulela, ikakhulukazi iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States, inendima eyinhloko ekuchazeni umthetho-sisekelo. Leligunya lisekelwe esimisweni sokubukeza kokwahlulela, esamiswa ebhokisini eliwuphawu Marbury v. UMadison. Kulesosinqumo, uMahluleli omkhulu uJohn Marshall wamemezela ukuthi "ngokuqinisekile isifunda nesibopho somnyango wokwahlulela ukusho ukuthi umthetho uyini." INkantolo yagcizelela amandla ayo okushaya imithetho edluliswa yiKhomisha nezenzo zegatsha elikhulu uma liphula umthetho. Ukuhlola okuphethe akushiwongacacile eMthethweni wezomthetho ngokwawo, kodwa sekuyimfundiso eyisisekelo yombuso waseMelika.

Ngokubukeza kokwahlulela, iNkantolo Ephakeme isebenza njengommisi wokugcina wencazelo yomthetho-sisekelo. Uma iNkantolo inikeza isinqumo, ibopha zonke izinkantolo zikahulumeni eziphansi, futhi, ngokwezinzuzo, zonke izikhulu zikahulumeni. Izincazelo zeNkantolo zingandisa amalungelo, njengamalungelo elulekweni ezicabeni zobugebengu noma ilungelo lokushada kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuthambekela kobulili kuyini. Futhi bangalinganisela amandla kahulumeni, njengalapho iNkantolo ibeka igunya likahulumeni phezu kwezentengiselwano ezisebuthweni noma isekela ubukhosi bukahulumeni ngaphansi kweSiphendulo seshumi.

Ukuqonda Nemingcele Yakho

Ingxenye enkulu ekuchazeni kokwahlulela imfundiso ye i-dicis desis, okusho "ukuma ngezinto ezinqunyiwe" lesi simiso sisho ukuthi izinkantolo kufanele zilandele izenzakalo ezasungulwa ezicacisiwe ngaphambili ukuze ziqinisekise ukungaguquguquki, ukubikezela, nokuzinza emthethweni. Uma iNkantolo Ephakeme inquma umbuzo womthetho-mthethweni, isinqumo sayo siba isandulela esibopha izinkantolo eziphansi ezimweni ezifanayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indikimba yemfundiso yomthetho-mthetho-mthetho iyakha, iqondisa izinqumo zesikhathi esizayo futhi inikeze ukucaca ukuthi amalungiselelo akhethekile asebenza kanjani.

IStarde decisis ayiwona umthetho ophelele. Inkantolo Ephakeme iye yazilahla ezakhe izimo zayo lapho izimo noma ukuqonda komthetho-sisekelo sekushintshile. Izibonelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa ukuphela kobandlululo lobuhlanga Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo[[ (ukuguqula "imfundiso ehlukene kodwa elinganayo" yePrebylv. Ferguson), kanye nokuqaphela ukulingana komshado bergefell v. Hodges. Uma inkantolo inikeza isibonelo sokulunga, kumelwe ichaze ukuthi kungani isinqumo sangaphambili sasinephutha noma isizathu sokushintshwa kwemibandela. Lendlela yokuzinzisa ukuhleleka okusha. Lendlela yokuzinzisa i-'FLTYUlt'ice'isime somthetho womthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko.

Indaba Ngenkambiso

Incazelo yomthetho-mthetho ingokwamacala ngecala. INkantolo ayiyichazi imibono esekelwe emibuzweni ecatshangelwayo; inquma izimpikiswano ezingokoqobo ezilethwa phambi kwayo ngokucaciswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuchazwa komthetho-sisekelo kwenzeka ngokwemongo eqondile i̬ inselele engokomthetho wokuvota, ukuphikisana ngemibuso yokuhlola, umbuzo ngenkululeko engokwenkolo. Amaqiniso ecala ngalinye aguqula ukucabanga kweNkantolo, futhi isibonelo esiwumphumela ngokuvamile sihlobene nalawo maqiniso athile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uchungechunge lwezinqumo lwakha ukuqonda okubanzi ngokwengeziwe ngamalungiselelo omthetho, kodwa amagebevu nezindawo ezinziwayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Incazelo Yegatsha Elingokomthetho Nomthetho - sisekelo

Ingqungquthela Njengendawo Evulekile

Igatsha lezesivumelwano, iKhongolo, lifeza indima ebalulekile kodwa ngokuvamile engaqashelwanga kakhulu ekuchazeni umthetho-mthetho. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho uMkhandlu udlulisa umthetho, uchaza ngokuphelele umthetho. Umthetho-sisekelo unika iKhomishane amandla adwetshiwe, njengamandla okulawula intengiselwano yesifundazwe, ukukhokha intela nokusebenzisa imali ukuze kuhlaselwe inhlalakahle yeningi, nokulwa. Uma uMkhandlu usebenzisa lamandla, unquma izinga lombuso wawo siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, iCealmace Clausce uchazwe ngemithetho kaKhomishani ukuze ithethelele imingcele eminingi yemithetho yezentengiselwano, kusukela ezindisweni zemisebenzi yezemvelo, ukuvikela imvelo. Lezi zincazelo zemithetho yemithetho zinelungelo lokulwa kwezezenteko ezinkantolo, ikakhulukazi lapho uhulumeni uthathe isinyathelo ngenhloso nangomthetho womthetho womthetho wonke umthetho ziseduze.

UKhomishane uchaza futhi uMthetho-sisekelo ngezinqubo zawo zangaphakathi nangezindlela zokuhlela. Indlu neSigele zinemithetho yazo siqu, amakomiti, namasiko abonisa ukuqonda okungokomthetho mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, ilungelo lomthetho, nenqubo yokungagunyazi. Lapho uMkhandlu uhlola, uthatha ihlazo, noma uphikisana ngelungelo lokulawula, uhlanganyela ekuchazeni umthetho-mthetho ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa izinkantolo.

Ingxenye 5 Amandla Okuphoqelela

Enye yezindlela eziqondile kakhulu ezichaza ngayo umthetho-sisekelo ngo-1964, iMithetho yoMthetho-sisekelo isebenzisa amandla ayo okuqinisekisa ngaphansi kweSikhawu seSichibiyelo seshumi nane. Le ngxenye inikeza uMkhandlu amandla okuphoqelela isiqinisekiso sokuvikela okufanayo, inqubo efanelekile, namalungelo amalungelo noma ukugonyelwa ngo "mthetho omisiwe". Imithetho enjenge-Civil Rights Act ka-19656, i-Voting Rights Act of 1965, futhi amaMelika anenculculting Act asebenzisa wonke la mandla okuqinisekisa. Kulemithetho, i-Congressmessance ichaza izinga lamalungelo omthetho-mthetho-mthetho futhi inikeza amakhambi adlulele ngalé kwalokho okuye kwaqashelwa yizinkantolo. INkathi Ephakeme iye yasekela lezi zinqubo futhi ngezinye izikhathi yawashaya, yenza udwebo olwe ngamandla phakathi komthetho kanye nokuchaza.

Inqubo Yesichibiyelo

Yebo, uKhongolose uhlanganyela futhi enqubweni eqinisekile yokuchaza umthetho-sisekelo: ukulungisa. ISiphakamiso V sinikeza indlela yokuguqula uMthetho-sisekelo ngokwawo, idinga inani eliyisithathu-sithathu kuzo zombili izindlu zeSishaya-Mkhandlu nokuhlanjululwa ngeziphendu ezintathu kwezine zezifunda. Uma uKhongolo luveza ukulungiswa, kusho ukuthi umbhalo womthetho-sisekelo okhona awunele noma awucacile eqophelweni elithile, futhi ushintsho luyadingeka. Inqubo yokususa inzima ngamabomu, okungakhonzi ukumiswa kwezinga amashumi amabili nanhlanu kuphela kusukela ku-Bill of Rights. Kodwa lapho kuphumelela, ukumiswa komthetho - njengokungathi i-tempelesi (ugqi), i-199 (ugqilia), i-197) futhi izincazelo ezigunyaziwe (i-207)

Isenzo Segatsha Eliphethe Nomthetho - sisekelo

Ukuchazwa Kobumongameli Nokuphoqelelwa

Igatsha eliphethe, eliqondiswa nguMongameli, lisebenzisa incazelo yomthetho-mthetho ngezindlela eziningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, uMongameli ufunga ukuthi "ukulondoloza, uvikele, futhi uvikele uMthetho-sisekelo we-United States." Lesi sifungo sisho umsebenzi wokuchaza uMthetho-sisekelo lapho kunqunywa ukuthi uzakugunyaza imithetho, ukukhipha iziyalezo zezikhulu, noma ukuthatha isinyathelo sezempi. Umthetho ngamunye wezomthetho wezomthetho womthetho we-Dintelligate, futhi zonke izinqumo zeveto zibonisa ukuqonda kwegatsha eliphethe imingcele yomthetho-mthetho-mthetho-sisekelo. Incazelo kaMongameli ayisona isokugcina i-̬ idinga ukubukezwa kwezehlulelo i-& #8212; kodwa ithatha isilinganiselo esikhulu ekuzinzweni komsebenzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho izinkantolo ziye zazisa ukwahlulela ngokubusa, njengokuvikela kwesizwe nezokuvikela kwezwe.

Isibonelo esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kweziqondiso zokuqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni ekusebenziseni imithetho. Lapho uMongameli uHarry Truman eyala ukuhlelwa kwebutho lamabutho ahlomile, wathatha isinyathelo ngokuchaza kwakhe isiqinisekiso soMthetho-sisekelo sokuvikela okufanayo. Lapho uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt esungula iHhovisi Eliphethe loMongameli, wancika ekuchazeni kwakhe amandla aphezulu ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso II. Endabeni ngayinye, ukuchaza kukaMongameli kuklanywe inqubo nenqubo, ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphambi kwamashumi eminyaka, izinkantolo zikhona.

Ukusayina Kwamazwi Nemibono Yomnyango

Abameli baye basebenzisa futhi izimemezelo zokusayina ezikhishwa lapho kusayiniwa umthetho i-̬to ukuveza indlela abawuchaza ngayo umthetho-mthetho nokubonisa ukuthi bahlose ukuphoqelela umthetho. UMongameli angase athi ilungiselelo elithile lomthetho omusha liphazamisa amandla ombuso ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso II futhi ngakho liyophoqelelwa kuphela ngendlela evumelana naleyo ncazelo yomthetho-mthetho. Lamazwi asayinwa aye aphikisana, ngokuphikisa ngokuthi alingana nohlu lwengxenye ye-veto noma ukubuswa kwenhloso yemithetho. Abasekeli baphikisa ukuthi uMongameli unomthwalo womthetho wokusekela umthetho wokusekela uMthetho-sisekelo futhi kumelwe awuchaze lapho benquma ukukhipha imithetho.

Ngaphandle koMongameli, igatsha eliphethe lihlanganisa uMnyango Wezobulungisa, iHhovisi Lezeluleko, kanye nezinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni. IHhovisi Lezeluleko Lezomthetho linikeza imibono engokomthetho ezikhulwini eziphethe amagatsha ngemibuzo engokomthetho, kuhlanganise nesikhundla segunya lobumongameli, imingcele yemithetho yobuphathi, nokufaneleka kwezenzo ze-comgationalant. Lemibono ibopha phakathi kwegatsha lesikhulu ngaphandle kokuba igumbuqelwe nguMongameli noma inkantolo. Ngokufanayo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zichaza uMthetho-sisekelo lapho zimisa iziqondiso, imibandela, nemithetho ye-Ascistrate. Imfundiso ye-Prouncialm, ne-Activement: [[FLT:]] ne-CUPUR. i-A.[3] Izekwethulo-mthetho ezisemthethweni zamuva nje, kuye kwadingeka ukuba kudluliswe lemiyale izikhombo zeze izinquiso zezethi ze-A.[Foctivespolustration, nakuba kusetshenziswa izinqulution.[F.]

Imikhawulo Yencazelo Enegunya

Nakuba igatsha eliphethe linenkululeko enkulu, izenzo zalo zihlala zingaphansi kokubukezwa kokwahlulela. UMongameli akanakumane ashaye indiva umthetho ngoba uphikisana nencazelo ethandwayo yomthetho-sisekelo uma izinkantolo ekugcineni zingavumelani. Icala lengqopha - mlando insizwa eshaye i-Stown shee & Lamp; Tube. v. Sawyer[[[FLL:1] [1952]] uveza lemikhawulo. Phakathi ne-Crimeter, uMongameli uTruman wakhipha uhlelo lwezinsimbi ezithatha izinsimbi eziphazamisa umkhiqizo wempi. INkanto Ephakeme yashaya umthetho, iphethe ukuthi uMongameli wayeye wadlula igunya lakhe ngokusebenza ngaphandle kwemvume. Icala lihlala liyisikhumbuzo esinamandla sokuthi i-Globalthsmest areatextex; ngezinye izikhathi zilahlwa yi-jajikime.

Izindlela Ezinkulu Zokuchaza Umthetho - sisekelo

Ukusungula Nokubhala Umbhalo Olotshiwe

Phakathi kwezindlela ezinethonya kakhulu zokuchaza incazelo kuyindlela yokuchaza i- yokuqala. Abaqondisi bemfundiso yokuqala baphikisa ngokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo kufanele uchazwe ngokwencazelo yawo yokuqala ngesikhathi ugunyaziwe. Lendlela ifuna ukunqanda abahluleli ngokulawula incazelo engokomlando ekuqondeni umbhalo, kunokuba uvumele amajaji ukuba aphoqe izindinganiso zawo siqu. I-FOLTism inezici eziningi. Abanye abaqalayo kufanele babhekisele kakhulu ekuhloseni kwasekuqaleni ̬ lokho okwakuhloswe ngokukhethekile. Abanye, kuhlanganise nokwamuva kukaMahluleli u-Anton Sctalia, basekela isimo sokuqala esaziwa ngokuthi [[FLT:] [FLT] obala], lokho okushiwo umphakathi , okubuza umuntu onengqondo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-ratmorne.[5]

I-alticism ihlobene kakhulu kodwa ihlukile. Umbhali wemibhalo ugxila encazelweni ecacile ye-statory noma umbhalo womthetho-sisekelo, ngaphandle kokubhekisa kumlando womthetho noma imithombo yemibhalo eyengeziwe. UMahluleli Scalia wayengumsekeli ophambili wombhalo wemibhalo, ephikisa ukuthi umbhalo ngokwawo uwukuphela kwesiqondiso esithembekile sencazelo. I-textalism ayidingi uphenyo olungokomlando; ifuna ukuba amagama afundwe ngomqondo ovamile, wesikhathi esikhona. Ngokwenqubo, ukuvumelana kokuqala nowamagama ngokuvamile kusebenza zombili izindlela.

UMthetho - sisekelo Ophilayo Uyasondela

Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunezici ezihlukene kunezithiyo ze- uMthetho-sisekelo ophilayo, ophethe ukuthi incazelo yoMthetho-sisekelo ishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze ibonise ukushintsha kwezindinganiso nezimo. Abasekeli baphikisa ukuthi ulimi olubanzi loMthetho-sisekelo i̬ ama-phrase afana "ngenqubo yangaphambili," "isivikelo esilinganayo," ne"jezahlulelo ezingavamile"̬ yayinendlela yokuzilungisa ngamabomu futhi ihloselwe ngezindlela ezintsha njengoba isizwe sikhula. Umthetho-sisekelo ophilayo uye wasetshenziswa ukuthethelela izinqumo ezingokongaqondi kahle ukuthi ziphawuliwe ngokuqondile embhalweni, njengakuwo ekugcineni imfihlo, njengokusetshenziswa kokuvimbela, nokushada kwesokudla.

Ukwakha Nokuphanga

I-Studial [[FLT: 1] igxila ekuklameni komthetho-sisekelo wonke kanye nasebuhlotsheni obububangela phakathi kwamagatsha kahulumeni nohulumeni wezwe. Izakhiwo ziveza incazelo esekelwe emklamweni wencwadi. Njengesibonelo, ukwahlukana kwemibuso, isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela, nesimiso sombuso wonke unikeza isiqondiso. Uma iNkantolo Ephakeme inquma imibandela ngelungelo lesikhulu, isobuso-sobukhazikhazikhazikhazikhazi, noma izinga ze-bukhomishane, ukucunula kokwakha ngokuvamile kunendima enkulu. Uhlelo aluncikile embhalweni owodwa wombhalo kodwa lubukeka njengomthetho wonke.

UbuPragmatic ekuchazeni umthetho-sisekelo bucabangela imiphumela esebenzayo yesinqumo. Izazi zesayensi zicabangela imiphumela yezwe yangempela yesinqumo, kuhlanganise nethonya laso ekuqondiseni, amalungelo, nokuzinza kwezenhlalo. Lendlela ayiyona inkolelo ehleliwe njengendlela egcizelela ukuvumelana nezimo, ukuqonda, nokuqonda, nokushintsha kwenkinga. Ukucabanga okuvamile kuvela ezinqumweni lapho iNkantolo ilawula izimo ezintsha noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengemikhakha yezobuchwepheshe, izimo zempilo yomphakathi, noma ukuqonda okungokwesayensi. Ukuzimisela kweNkantolo kubuke imiphumela ewusizo kuye kwatuswa kokubili njengokungakhozwa njengokungalinganiyo nokungacunulwa.

Indlela Ukuchaza Okusebenza Ngayo

Uma kusebenza, abahluleli abavamile ukunamathela kakhulu endleleni eyodwa. Imibono eminingi yeNkantolo Ephakeme iveza amathuluzi amaningi okuchaza, ukucaphuna umbhalo, umlando, inqubo, inqubo, nemiphumela. Indlela ekhethwayo ngokuvamile ivumelana nemiphumela ekhethwa umahluleli, kodwa ukucabanga kuseyindaba, ngoba kulawula izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo. Ukuqonda izindlela ezihlukahlukene kusiza izakhamuzi nochwepheshe bezomthetho bahlole ngokuhluzekile futhi baqaphele ukuthi iNkantolo ingazisingatha kanjani imibuzo emisha.

Enye yemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu yendlela yokuchaza isendaweni yamalungelo abantu ngabanye. Incazelo yeSichibiyelo seSimemezelo se 14 se-Claus Claus ne-Unimetic Claus inciphiswe kakhulu. Ukuzama ukuchaza koqobo nokubhala imibhalo kuvame ukuvikela amalungelo asekelwe kakhulu emlandweni namasiko aseMelika, kuyilapho ukusondela koMthetho-sisekelo ophilayo kuzimisele ngokwengeziwe ukuqaphela amalungelo amasha. Umbango phakathi kwalezi zinqubo uye wadlalwa ezimweni ezihilela ukukhishwa kwesisu, ukuthatha isinyathelo esifanayo sobudoda, uvuma, nokuvota amalungelo okuvota.

Enye indawo lapho indlela yokuchaza izindaba ingamandla kahulumeni. ICommerce Claus ichazwe ngezindlela ezihlukene kakhulu phakathi komlando waseMelika. Kusukela enkathini ye-New Deal kudlule kuma-1990, iNkantolo Ephakeme yanikeza ukubekeka okubanzi ekuqondiseni kwemithetho yezezomnotho kumthetho kaKhongolo-Mkhandlu ngaphansi kwe-Claus. Emashumini eminyaka amuva kakhulu, i-Commercional Claus e-okhence noma iNkanto yokwakha i-Courtle iye yabeka imingcele kulelo gunya lemithetho eledlula igunya loMkhandlu. Umphumela uyindikimba yomthetho womthetho womthetho owesisekelo eveza ukulinganisela okuqhubekayo kokulingana okufanelekile phakathi kwegunya lesizwe nezwe.

Ukungafani Kwemikhakha

Incazelo yomthetho-mthetho ayiyona indawo ekhethekile yanoma iliphi igatsha. Izinkantolo, amaKhongolo, negatsha eliphethe ngalinye lichaza uMthetho-sisekelo ngemisebenzi yalo, futhi izincazelo zazo ngezinye izikhathi ziyaphikisana. Uma zisho, ijaji ngokuvamile linegama lokugcina, kodwa akulona ngaso sonke isikhathi isiphetho sendaba. Igatsha lingakhetha ukuthi isiphi isinqumo sokwahlulela ngokumisa umthetho omusha othinta umthetho weNkanto, ngokufaka umthetho wemithetho engokomthetho, ngokuchaza kabusha inguquko, noma ngokuchaza kabusha isinqumo seNkantolo emongweni wesinqumo esisha. Igatsha eliphethe lingakhetha ukuthi kufanele sisebenze kanjani ngamandla kanjani esinqumweni esithile, futhi lingacindezela ukuphinde liqonde izimo ezilandelayo.

Isimiso se mentalistism [ sikholelwa ukuthi igatsha ngalinye linomsebenzi ozimele wokuchaza uMthetho-sisekelo ngokwalo, nokuthi imibono yejaji ayibosheli ngokuzenzekelayo kwamanye amagatsha kuwo wonke umongo. Lombono uye wathuthukiswa kusukela kuThomas Jefferson kuya ku-Abraham Lincoln kuya ku-Franklin Rooselt, owaqinisekisa ukuqonda kwabo siqu komthetho sisekelo ngokumelene nemithetho yokwahlulela. Nokho, indlela yanamuhla, ekugcineni ngokuvamile kuhlala eNkantolo Ephakeme, futhi izinqumo zayo ngokuvamile ziyamukeleka njengegunyaziwe.

Ukuziphendukela Okuqhubekayo Kwencazelo Yomthetho - sisekelo

Ukuchazwa koMthetho-sisekelo akuyona inqubo eguquguqukayo. Iyazivelela lapho kuvela izimpikiswano ezintsha, lapho kuvela izimo zomphakathi, futhi izizukulwane ezintsha zabahluleli, izishayamthetho, nabaqondisi ziletha imibono yazo emsebenzini. Lo mbhalo ofanayo ungaveza izincazelo ezihlukene ezinkathini ezihlukene, hhayi ngenxa yokuthi ushintsho lwencwadi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuqonda amagama ayo nezimiso kucaciswa futhi kucwengisiswe ngolwazi. Lokhu kungumthombo wamandla nendaba yokuphikisana. Umthetho-Constitution uyakwazi ukuvumelana ngaphandle kokulungisa inqubo engokomthetho, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi incazelo yamalungelo ayisisekelo kanye nemibuso kahulumeni ingashintsha ngezindlela ezingaqondakali noma ezithandwayo emhlabeni wonke.

Kubafundi bakahulumeni, abameli, nezakhamuzi, beqonda indlela uhulumeni awuchaza ngayo uMthetho-sisekelo kubalulekile ukuze bahlanganyele enqubweni yentando yeningi. Ukuchazwa komthetho - sisekelo kuthinta zonke izici zokuphila komphakathi, kusukela ekuqondiseni inkulumo nenkolo kuya ekuhlelweni kokhetho kanye nesikhundla sobumongameli. Ngokuqonda indima yokwahlulela, umthetho, namagatsha aphethe, nangokuqaphela izindlela nezimpikiswano ezishukumisayo, abantu bangahlaziya kangcono izimpikiswano ezenziwa izikhulu nabasekeli, futhi banganezela ngokunenjongo enkulu engxoxweni eqhubekayo ngokuphathelene nalokho uMthetho-sisekelo okushoyo nendlela okufanele kuqondise ngayo isizwe.

Ekugcineni, uMthetho-sisekelo awuyona incwadi enqumayo. Idinga ukwahlulela komuntu, impikiswano, nokwenza izinqumo kuzo zonke izinga. Ukuhlola nokulinganisela okwakhelwe esimisweni kuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho umchazi onegunya eliphelele, nokuthi incazelo yoMthetho-sisekelo ilokhu ilolongwa ngengxoxo nangokungavumelani. Le nqubo, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi iphazamisa futhi iphikisana, yiyo egcina uMthetho-sisekelo uyithuluzi eliphilayo lokubusa kunensalela yenkathi edlulile. Kunoma ubani okhathalela umthetho kanye nempilo yentando yeningi yaseMelika, ukuchazwa komthetho-mthetho-alderneticism akuyona nje isithakazelo semfundo ne-̬ iyisidingo somphakathi.