Ukuzenza Imvelo Iwuphawu Lomthetho WaseMelika

Inqubo yokuguqula imvelo ingenye yezindlela ezilandelana kakhulu phakathi kwesimiso somthetho we-United States, eyenza amazwe angaphandle abe yizakhamuzi eziphelele ngenqubo echazwe ngokomthetho. Lokhu kuguqulwa akusona nje isinyathelo sokuqondisa; kuyisiphetho somthetho oqinile olinganisela ukulondeka kwesizwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhamuzi, nesithembiso se-democracy yaseMelika. Ukuqonda ukuthi ukufaneleka kwemvelo kufanelana kanjani nesimiso semvelo esingokomthetho kuveza amalungelo, imithwalo yemfanelo, nezimiso zomthetho ezisekela izakhamuzi eUnited States.

Ukuqamba imvelo kwenza abantu babe nokuma okungokomthetho okufanayo nezakhamuzi ezizalwa nabo, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokuvota, ukuba nehhovisi lomphakathi (ngaphandle kobumongameli nobukhonya) futhi bathole ipassport yase-U.S. kodwa indlela yokuthola ubusha ayizenzekeli noma ilula. Ibuswa ngemithetho engokomthetho, iziqondiso zomthetho, kanye namashumi eminyaka yokuchaza kokwahlulela. Lesi sihloko sihlola izisekelo ezingokomthetho zokuzisebenzela kwemvelo, inqubo ye-crobynbprestep, amalungelo nemisebenzi ebangela ukuba izenzeke, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okungokomlando, kanye nezinselele eziqhubekayo ezingokomthetho ezilawula lendawo ebalulekile yokufuduka.

Isisekelo Esingokomthetho Sokusetshenziswa Kwemvelo

Ukuzenza ngokwemvelo kuyindaba yomthetho kahulumeni kuphela, othola igunya layo ku-Athigit I, Ingxenye 8, Classia 4 yoMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., enikeza uKhomishane amandla “okwakha umthetho ofanayo wokuzisebenzela.” Lomthetho ngokomthetho uqinisekisa ukuthi le nqubo iyavumelana kuzo zonke izifundazwe namasimu. Igunya eliyinhloko liyi- isiGungu sokuhlanganisa nomthetho wesizwe (NATY) , eliqinisekiswe ku-Sihlokwana 8 se-United States Code. I-INA imisa izilinganiso ze-equalig, izimfuneko, nezinqubo okumelwe zonke izimemo zilandele.

Izimfuneko ezibalulekile ngaphansi kwe - INA zihlanganisa:

  • Indawo yokuhlala eqhubekayo nokuba khona ngokoqobo eUnited States
  • Ikhono lokufunda, lokubhala nokukhuluma isiNgisi esiyisisekelo
  • Ulwazi nokuqonda umlando wase - United States nohulumeni (amaSivumelwano)
  • Ukuziphatha okuhle
  • Ukunamathela ezimisweni zoMthetho - sisekelo waseU.S.
  • Ukuvuma ukuphatha izikhali noma ukwenza inkonzo engalwi njengoba kudingekile emthethweni

I-U.S. Thunigashity and Immigration Services (USCIS), inhlangano ephakathi kwe-Department of Homeland Security, inikeza inqubo yokuhlela imvelo. I-USCIS imisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, iqhube izingxoxo, futhi iqondise ukuhlola okudingekayo. Uhlelo olungokomthetho luhlanganisa futhi neziqondiso eziningi ezitholakala kuSihlokwana 8 seKhodi yeFederal Regionment (8 FR), enikeza isiqondiso esiningi ngobufakazi, abachazi, futhi ngaphandle. Ukubheka ngokujulile ezimithethweni eziyisisekelo, vakashela i-USCUSC ekhasini I[FLT][FLD:1]

Inqubo Yokuzenza Imvelo: Kusuka Kumshini Kuya Ekubeni Inqaba

Uhambo lokuya e - United States luhlanganisa izigaba eziningana ezihlukene, ngayinye elawulwa izimfuneko eziqinile ezingokomthetho.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Ukuzinqumela

Ngaphambi kokuba afake isicelo, isakhamuzi esisemthethweni (isibambi khadi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kumelwe siqiniseke ukuthi sihlangabezana naziphi izimo zokuvuleka. Ngokuvamile, abafaka isicelo kumelwe babe neminyaka engu-18 ubudala, bebelokhu behlala isikhathi eside okungenani iminyaka emihlanu (noma iminyaka emithathu uma beshade nesakhamuzi sase-U.S.), futhi baye bahlala esifundeni sezwe noma esifundazweni sase-USCIS lapho befaka khona isicelo okungenani izinyanga ezintathu.

Isinyathelo 2: Ukufica Ifomu N-400

Isicelo senziwe ngokusebenzisa Form N-400, Isicelo sokuthola i-Naturation. Lendlela ebanzi iqoqa ukwaziswa komuntu siqu, umlando wokuhlala, imininingwane yomsebenzi, ukuhamba ngaphandle kwe-United States, nokwaziswa nganoma yisiphi isigebengu noma ukuhileleka ezinhlanganweni. Isifaki-sicelo kumele sikhokhe imali edingekayo yokukhokha intela kanye nemali ebhaywayo. USCIS ibukeza uhlelo lokusebenza kokuphelela futhi ingakhipha isicelo sobufakazi uma ulwazi lungekho noma lungacacile.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukumiswa Kwezakhi Zomzimba

Ngemva kokuba ifomu selibhaliwe, umfaki wesicelo uhlelelwe ukumisa i-biomitrics. Kulesi sivumelwano, iminwe, isithombe, nesignesha. Lezi zilinganiso ze-biometric zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-erch emelene nezinhlelo zobugebengu namarekhodi okufuduka.

Isinyathelo 4: Ingxoxo

Ingxoxo yemvelo iyisinyathelo esibucayi. Isikhulu se-USCIS sibukeza ukusebenza kwesicelo ngomfaki-sicelo futhi sinikeze ukuhlolwa kolimi lwesiNgisi nolwesizwe [. Ukuhlola kwesiNgisi kuhlola ukufunda, ukubhala, kanye nokukhuluma. Ukuhlolwa kwezindawo ze-computer kuhlanganisa imibuzo eyishumi esukela ohlwini lwemibuzo eyikhulu engenzeka mayelana no-U.S. umlando, uhulumeni, namalungelo. Abahloli-zama i-siNgisi kumelwe baphendule okungenani 6 kweziyishumi ngokunembile. Izicelo ezithile zasebe esezikhulile noma ezikhubazekile zikhona.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Isinqumo Nesigxobo Sethu

Uma i-USCIS ivumela ukusebenza, umfaki wesicelo uhlelelwe umkhosi wokuzenzakalela. Emcimbini, umfaki wesicelo uthatha isifungo se-Allegiance, elahla ukwethembeka kunoma isiphi isifundazwe sangaphandle nokusekela uMthetho-sisekelo osemthethweni. Ngokulandela isifungo, umfakisi uthola isitifiketi sokuzisungulo, esisebenza njengobufakazi besizwe. Isemcimbiso sokugcina esiguqula isakhamuzi esingokomthetho sibe isakhamuzi esisemthethweni e - U.S.

Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esingokomthetho esinyathelweni ngasinye, bhekisa ku- USIS Ingxoxo yokuhlinza kanye nekhasi lokuhlola .

Amalungelo Angokomthetho Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Yezakhamuzi Zemvelo

Izakhamuzi ezingokwemvelo zijabulela cishe amalungelo afanayo nezakhamuzi ezizalwayo. Amalungelo abaluleke kakhulu ahlanganisa:

  • Ilungelo lokuvota kuhulumeni, kuhulumeni, nakukhetho lwendawo
  • Ilungelo lokubeka amahhovisi amaningi omphakathi (ngaphandle kobumongameli nobusekela bobumongameli)
  • Ilungelo lokufaka isicelo sokuthola incwadi yokungena e - United States nokuhamba ngokukhululeka
  • Ilungelo lokucela amalungu omkhaya aseduze ukuba athuthe
  • Ilungelo lokuthola umsebenzi nokuphepha

Nokho, ukuba izakhamuzi kuhambisana nemithwalo yemfanelo engokomthetho.

  • Lalela yonke imithetho kahulumeni, kahulumeni, neyasendaweni
  • Ukukhokha izintela ngemali etholakala ekhaya nasemhlabeni wonke
  • Ukukhonza ejajini lapho ubizwa
  • Vikela izwe ngezikhathi zokuswela (uma kufunwa umthetho)
  • Bhalisa ngeNkonzo Yokukhetha (uma owesilisa noma uneminyaka engu-18-25)

Okubalulekile ukuthi, ukuba isakhamuzi esingokwemvelo ngokuvamile kuhlala njalo, kodwa kunganqanyulwa ezimweni ezingavamile, njengalapho ummangalelwa ekhwabanise phakathi nenqubo yokuqanjwa kwemvelo. Inqubo yokususa imvelo iyisenzo esingokomthetho esiqalwa uhulumeni, ngokuvamile ngenkantolo kahulumeni. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuqotho bezakhamuzi bugcinwa.

Ukuziphendukela Okungokomlando Komthetho Wokuzenza Imvelo

Umthetho wokuqamba imvelo e-United States uye washintsha kakhulu kusukela ekusungulweni kwesizwe. Umthetho wokuqala wemvelo, uMthetho wokuThila ukuhlanganisa i-Naturation wango1790, ubekelwe imingcele yokuba “abantu abamhlophe” abanobuntu obuhle ababehlala ezweni iminyaka emibili. Lemithetho yesizwe neyobufana nabezemvelo yayibonisa isimilo sezenhlalo nesezombangazwe salenkathi. Emakhulwini amabili alandelayo, umthetho wemvelo wanwetshwa ukuba uhlanganise abantu base-Afrika abalandela iMpi Yombango (ngeSiphendulo se-14 neSinyathelo Semvelo sango-1870), futhi kamuva ihlanganisa abantu ngabanye abadabuka e-Asia, ngaphambili ababengamukelekile ngenxa yemithetho yesizwe.

Ingqopha - mlando i-Immignation and Nationality Act ka 1952 yasusa imingcele yobuhlanga nobulili bomuntu futhi yahlanganisa izimfuneko eziningi ezisasetshenziswa namuhla. Unyaka ka-1965 wasusa izilinganiso zesiqalo sombuso, ukuhlanganisa umkhaya nezindawo ezinekhono zokufuduka. Muva nje, [FLT:] i-Immigration Act ka-1990[ yandisa inani lemisebenzi yemvume esekelwe futhi yandisa imvume yokufuna imvume yokubhalisa imvume ehlukahlukeneyo. Lenguquko ilungise indawo engokwenani le-United States futhi iqhubeke nethonya inkambiso engokwemvelo.

Ngesikhathi esiningiliziwe, hlola USA. umlando wemithetho yokuthutha yase-U.S..

Izinselele Nokucatshangelwa Okungokomthetho Kokuzihlela Ngokwemvelo

Naphezu kokuhlelwa kwayo, inqubo yokuzihlela imvelo ingaletha izinselele eziphawulekayo ezingokomthetho.

  • Izigigaba ezisekelwe ekuntuleni kokuziphatha okuhle: Izinkolelo zobugebengu, ubudlova basekhaya, amacala ezidakamizwa, noma ukwehluleka ukunikeza ukusekela kwezingane zingaholela ekuphikeni. Abaphangi abanomlando wobugebengu bayalulekwa ukuba bathintane nommeli ofudukayo.
  • Ukuphikisa noma ukushiyeka kuloluhlelo: Ukufakwa kwe-applectens zangaphambili noma izitatimende zengxoxo zingaphumela ekuthatheni i-atractral enkantolo yokufuduka ngenxa yokususwa kwezindaba.
  • I-Failture ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuhlala: uhambo olude ngaphandle kwe-United States ingaphula imfuneko eqhubekayo yokuhlala.
  • Izenzo zokuguqula imvelo:[ Uma uhulumeni ethola ukuthi izakhamuzi zatholakala ngokukhwabanisa noma ngokuhlanekezela, kungafaka icala lomphakathi ekuqedweni kwesizwe. Ukukhishwa kwemvelo akuvamile kodwa kungaba nemiphumela ebhubhisayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukezwa kokwahlulela kukhona kwabafaka isicelo sabo abakholelwa ukuthi benqatshiwe ngokungalungile. Bangase badlulisele icala ngaphakathi kwe-USCIS noma bafake icala elibi enkantolo yesifunda sezwe ngaphansi kwe-Cate 310 ye-INA. Izinkantolo ziye zafeza indima ebalulekile ekuchazeni umthetho wemvelo, ukuqinisekisa inqubo efanele, nokucacisa izindinganiso ngokuziphatha okuhle, ikhono lolimi, kanye nokunamathela kuMthetho-sisekelo.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ezibodwa Nokuzalaniswa Kwemvelo

I-United States ayibunaki ngokomthetho ubuzwe obubili bemithetho yayo, kodwa futhi ayibunqabi. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yathi uhulumeni ngeke uvume ukuqeda izakhamuzi zangaphandle ngaphandle kokuba idinge ngokuqondile umthetho. Njengendaba esebenzayo, izakhamuzi eziningi zemvelo zihlala zisebuhlalweni lwazo ezweni lazo, uma nje lelozwe likuvumela. Nokho, i-Oath of Allegiance ihlanganisa isithembiso “sokulahla nokuthembeka konke nokuthembeka kunoma yisiphi isikhulu sakwamanye amazwe, umbuso onamandla, noma ubukhosi.” Kwezinye izimo, amazwe anjengeChina, iNdiya, neJapane, kudingeka ukuba abantu balahle ubuzwe babo obungokwemvelo ngaphambi kokuba babe yizakhamuzi zabo eUnited States, kuyilapho abanye (njengeCanada, i-Mexico, nezwe lase-Mexico) bavumele bonke ukuba bathembeke futhi bathembeke kuye nakunoma yisiphi isizwe.

Izakhamuzi ezizimele kumelwe zivumelane nemithetho yawo womabili amazwe, kuhlanganise nezibopho zentela, izimfuneko zenkonzo yezempi, kanye nemingcele yokuhamba. Uhulumeni wase-U.S. ukhuthaza izakhamuzi ezingokwemvelo ukuba ziqaphele ngokugcwele imiphumela yobuzwe obubili. UMnyango woMbuso unikeza isiqondiso kulendaba [[FLT: 0] Bureau of Consaral Affairs transformation transpart ikhasi.

Indima Ye - USCIS Nesimiso Sokwahlulela

Nakuba i-USCIS iyisiphathiso esiyinhloko sendikimba eqondisayo, isimiso sokwahlulela sifeza indima ebalulekile yokuqondisa. Izinkantolo zesifunda ze-Federal zingafaka izicelo zemvelo, nakuba izenzakalo eziningi ezingokwemvelo zenzeka ngemikhosi yokuqondisa. Izinkantolo zingabukeza ukuphika, ukukhipha i-mandamus ukuphoqelela isinyathelo ekufuneni izicelo ezizeqinisiwe, futhi zizwe amacala okuzenzakalelayo alethwa nguhulumeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkantolo zichaza i-INA noMthetho-sisekelo ezimpikiswaneni zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yanquma ngamalungelo ezakhamuzi ezingokwemvelo ngokumelene nezakhamuzi ezizalwa zizelwe, ukusetshenziswa kwendinganiso yokuziphatha okuhle, kanye nobukhulu bemfuneko yokubuyiselwa. Le komiti yezomthetho iqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokuzivumela imvelo ihlala ihambisana nezimiso eziyisisekelo zokulunga nenqubo efanele.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemvelo Nokulondeka Kwesizwe

Izimiso zokuphepha zesizwe zisekelwe kakhulu emthetho wokuqamba imvelo. I-INA inqabela ukuqashelwa kwabantu abebengamalungu ezinhlangano ezivukela umbuso, abaye benza izenzo zobuphekula, noma abaye bashushisa abanye ngaphansi kwemibuso yobushiqela. Isici sokuhlola esiyisisekelo senqubo yokuzivuselela sinzima, esihilela iFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), i-Dwert of Homeland Security, nezinye izinhlangano zobuhlakani.

Ngemva kokuhlasela kwe-septemba 11, kwathathwa ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha, kuhlanganise nemfuneko yokuba abafaka isicelo singeniswe ukwaziswa okuphathelene nesayensi yempilo futhi bahlolwe amagama athuthukisiwe. Uhlelo lwe-Device Community kunye nezinye izinyathelo zokuthatha i-data ziye zahlanganisa i-USCIS nezinhlelo zomthetho wobugebengu nezimiso zokhuseleko lwezwe. Nakuba lezi zinyathelo zihloselwe ukuvikela isizwe, ziye zaphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngenqubo efanelekile namaphutha emibhalweni engaholela ekulibaziseni okungafanele noma ekuphikiseni.

Indlela Eholela Ekwakheni Izakhamuzi: Imvelo v. Derivotivetic yezakhamuzi

Ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo akuyona indlela yodwa yokuthola i-U.S.. Izingane ezizalelwe e-U.S. ngaphansi kwesakhamuzi sase-U.S. ezingathola ubuzwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi izakhamuzi . UMthetho we-Child Citizegianship ka 2000 wanikeza izakhamuzi ezizimele ezinganeni zakwamanye amazwe ezizalelwa ngaphansi kwe-18, ezihlala e-United States kumzali ongokomthetho nomzimba wesakhamuzi, futhi zithole isikhundla esingokomthetho sokwakhela ndawonye.

Inqubo yokuzikhethela, ngokuphambene, iyinqubo yokukhetha kubantu abadala asebehlala ngokusemthethweni. Umehluko ubalulekile ngoba ukuba umfoko akudingeki ukuba ulwelwe noma ukuhlolwa; kuqalwa ngokusebenzisa umthetho. Nokho, ukuthola isiqinisekiso sobuNgangameli (Form N-600 noma N-600K) kuyadingeka ukuze ube nobufakazi obusemthethweni bezinzuzo zokuhamba nohulumeni.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukhona Kokwenziwa Kwemvelo

Ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo kuseyisisekelo sesimiso somthetho waseMelika futhi kufakazela isibopho sezwe sokuhlanganisa abafuduki nendwangu yayo yomphakathi. Lenqubo iklanywe ngokuphelele, iqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezintsha zikulungele ukusebenzisa amalungelo azo futhi zifeze imisebenzi yazo. Kusukela ekunikezeni komthetho ngokomthetho amandla okuhlela, kuya emalungiselelweni aningiliziwe e - INA, emsebenzini wansuku zonke wezikhulu ze-USCIS namajaji kahulumeni, ukumiswa kwemvelo kuyingqopha - mlando engokomthetho ethinta izigidi zabantu unyaka ngamunye.

Kunoma ubani ocabangela ukuqashelwa kwemvelo, ukuqonda uhlelo olungokomthetho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Lohambo ludinga ukubekezela, ukulungiselela, futhi ngokuvamile ukuqondisa okungokomthetho. Kodwa umvuzo ogcwele () wesigaba somthetho-sisekelo wentando yeningi sakudala kakhulu emhlabeni ("ingenakulinganiswa. Njengoba ukuba umfowenu ozimele kwe-U.S. kushintsha umthetho, ukudalelwa kwemvelo kuqhubeke kuyibhuloho elibalulekile phakathi kwesithembiso seMelika Ephuwe kanye nobuqiniso bomthetho waseMelika.