Ukubaluleka Okukhulayo Kwezokuthutha Komphakathi Emadolobheni Ase - UK

Ukuthutha komphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu ezomnotho zasedolobheni, ukuhlanganisa abantu nemisebenzi, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nokuzilibazisa. E-UK, izinga nesilinganiso sebhasi, izimoto, kanye nezitimela kuthonya ngokuqondile yonke into kusukela esayizini yomoya nasemkhakheni wezomnotho kuya ekuhambeni kwezenhlalo. Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, ukuncishiselwa kwemisebenzi yezokuthutha emadolobheni, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zomphakathi kuphinde kwashintsha indlela izimiso zokuhamba, ukuxhaswa, nokuhanjiswa kwezindawo. Imithetho ye-Mayo ihlala ezinhlangothini zemisebenzi yezokuhamba yanamuhla, ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezihlukene zokuhamba, nokuhlangana nezisulu zekharbon. Ukuqonda ithonya labaholi abakhethiwe kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani olandela ukuthuthuka kwasedolobheni, ukuthutha, noma ukuthutha, noma ukuthutha uhulumeni bendawo.

Indima yemeya ayiwona nje amasiko. Ezigungwini ezihlangene njenge Greater Manchester, iMidlands, ne-Liverpool City, amameya aphethe imithetho engokomthetho emalini yokuthutha, izivumelwano eziqinile, nokuhlela okuhle. Leligunya libanika ikhono eliyingqayizivele lokumisa umbono wokunyakaza bese ubuye uwubuyisela ngezimali zezombangazwe nemithombo yezimali. Nokho, ubuhlobo phakathi kwemithetho yemeya nentuthuko yangempela buyinkimbinkimbi, buyenziwa yimijikelezo yezimali yesizwe, izingxoxo zezombangazwe, nezinselele ezisebenzayo zokuthutha izimoto emadolobheni aphakeme.

Indlela Amandla E - mayoral Athonya Ngayo Umthetho Wokuthutha

Isimiso somphathi-mameya wanamuhla eNgilandi samiswa nge-Local Democracy Democracy, Economic Development and Reagin Act 2009 kanye nezivumelwano ze-devoltion ezalandela. Lemisebenzi yadlulisela imithwalo yezokuthutha ephawulekayo kuhulumeni omkhulu i-acced i-ace, ngayinye iholwa umphathi wedolobha okhethwe ngokuqondile. Lomphathi wedolobha ulawula izimali zokuthutha indawo yawo, umisa amalungu ebhodini ukuba ahambise abasebenzi bezothuthothoba iLondon (TfL) noma i-Transport for Great Manchester (TfGM), futhi usikisela izindlela zesikhashana ezimelwe zivunyelwe yikhompathiwe yizi ehlangene. Lo mshini wedolobha unike amathuluzi okuthutha izimali ukuze uthunyelwe izimpahla zezokuthutha izimali zendawo endaweni yeziqondiso ze-Wheghhall.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Neziphathimandla Ezihlangene

Kusukela ngo-2014, kuye kwasungulwa iziphathimandla ezihlangene eManchester, eWest Midlands, eLiverpool City, e-South Yorkshire, eNtshonalanga ye-West Yorkshire, eMpumalanga ne-Tees Valley. Ngamunye unomphathi-meya onamandla okuhamba ngezohambo. Ngokwesibonelo, iMaya yaseMachester of Greater Manchester ilawula isimiso sebhasi sokulawula i-frankchisi, i-meternet tram, neziteshishi zalaphayo zendawo. I-Maya yaseNtshonalanga Midlandslands yengamela imigqa ye-Midrorch nezinhlelo zebhasi eziphambili. Imibuso ethile ayikhombani; ezinye i-meyamastery ilawula izinkonzo zendawo kunabanye, futhi imali ixhomeke ekuxhaseni kukahulumeni ophethe amapulani. Noma kunjalo, i-devoluntergen ivumela ukuba iphide imiyalo ukuba iphise ukuvelela okuvelela futhi izikhulu zesifunda sezwe ezwe.

Ukusekela Imithombo Nezinqumo Zokutshala Imali

Ama-mays athonya intuthuko yezokuthutha umphakathi ngezinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko: amabhodwe kahulumeni ayinhloko axhasa imali kanye nenzuzo yendawo. I-Transforming Cities Sustamendial Transmitating Movement, ne-Steating Fund imithombo eyinhloko yokutshala inhloko. Ama-Maya angenisa i-Cetation ukuze athole lezi zinkonzo futhi anqume ukuthi angazisebenzisa kanjani endaweni yawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-West Mindlands amukela i-$1.05 biliyoni yezigidi zemali nge-Dolobacter Sustandicated Movementivementmentmentmentmentmentations ngo-2022, leyo i-meyards aqondiswe ukunweba kwe-Metro, ukwakha imigwaqo yebhasi, nokuthuthukisa i-injini yebhasi. Izikhampatho, izigwebo zemisebenzi, izibo, izibo zomsebenzi, izikhwabo, nemali ezikhokhelwayo futhi kuveza imali eziqondile ukuthi i-odalishile izinqubo.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: IMayoral Ithonya Ngaphesheya Kwamadolobha Ase - UK

Ukuhlola amadolobha athile kwembula indlela izimiso zemeya eziye zathuthukisa ngayo izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, kanye nezinselele ezisalokhu zikhona.

ILondon: Ukukhokha Icala Nefa Le - Oyster

IMayor yaseLondon sekuyisikhathi eside iphethe amandla ezokuthutha amakhulu kakhulu e-UK. uKen Livingstone wasungula i-Congestion Caence ngo-2003, enciphisa izimoto e-London maphakathi ngo-30% futhi abangele izimali zokubuyiselwa ezinkonzweni zebhasi. uBoris Johnson wahlola ukusungulwa kwe-New Bus yeLondon "Roffester" kanye nokunwetshwa kweprojekthi yeCrosbolot (manje i-Elizabeth layini). Imithetho ye-Sadiq Khan iqhubisele i-Ultra Low Eugsion Zone (ULEZ), futhi yanwebe ukuhlanganisa zonke iziqu zamazwe zaseLondon ngoAugust 2023, ukusika kakhulu amazinga e-grobitude. I-Oyster division, iqhutshelwa phansi kwe-Livingstone, iyaqhubeka, i-Foglone.[0]

IManchester: IBus Franchiling Nezindawo Ezihlanzekile Ezisemoyeni

IManchester enkulu yayiyindawo yokuqala engaphandle kweLondon ukuzuza amagunya amabhasi ahamba nge-Bus Service Act 2017. UMay Burnham usebenzise lamandla ukubuyisela izinkonzo zebhasi ezikhuphukile, ngaphambili ezazisetshenziswa abasebenzisi bomshoshaphansi abangakwazi ukulawula indawo ezungezile. Ngo-2023, imigwaqo yokuqala yamabhasi ekhuphukile ebekwe ngaphansi kweBee Network, iletha izitekhi ezingcono, futhi i-metanki ehlangene ne-Metrolink system system system system system. Imessaunet ihlose i-Cooperal Money ye-Manstery, nakuba yayibambezelwe ngenxa yezinkinga zezomnotho emabhizinisi. Lokhu kubonisa indlela imithetho yemeyamasteri yezente okumelwe ibeke ngayo inte. [FL:][FT]

EBirmingham: Ukwanda Kweziteshi Ezintantayo Nesiteshi Esivuselelwe

IMidlands Mayor Andy Street igxile ekwandeni kwe-minethi ye-Midwant Metro. I-Birmingham ukuya eWolkhampton inwetshwe phakathi kwedolobha, futhi amagatsha kuya eDigbeth, izindiza zezindiza, neWalsall ziyakhiwa. Ukulungisa izakhiwo eBirmingham New Street naseMoor Street kuye kwathuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-midry, i-tram, nebhasi. Imeya iphinde yashukunyiselwa ekwakheni isiteshi sesitimela saseCurzon Street seHS2, esizosebenza njengesikhungo esisha sezokuthutha. Nokho, ukuhanjiswa kwezimoto ezikhuphuzisa izindleko ezingaphezulu kwezindlana nezinganiso zomphakathi kuye kwahlola ukubekezela komphakathi. Ikhono lokusekela izimali ezithathelwe isikhathi eside kuhulumeni ophakathi kweNtshona [1][23]

West Yorkshire: Iqhinga LikaMayor Lokuthutha

I-West Yorkshire Ehlangene neGunya le-Authority, eliholwa nguMayor Tracy Brabin, liye lasebenzisa i-Mayor’s Transport Strategy egxile ekusunguleni i-metary ehlanganisayo, efinyelelwayo, ne-tem-ro-tram-tram-transport ngo-2037. Izimiso eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukusungulwa kwe-kepisi lebhasi elingabizi ($2 ngebanga lama 2023), ukutshala imali emabhasini, nokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso se-Mas Transit Transit , kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Leeds orgam noma ibhasi ngokushesha okuhamba okuye kwaxoxwa amashumi eminyaka. Inselele inselele i-emuva kungcono kwemijikelezo ye-mijikelezo kanye nezindlela. Inselele: i-Wester Yorkshire i-kade i-msting ku-Manbergtopy noma i-London i-London i-odvedroultray elungele ukusekela kakhulu kwemishinyelwe ukuxhaswa uhulumeni.

Isifunda SaseLiverpool: IMerseylor Nezinguquko Ezivela Kuyi - Bus

Ngaphansi kukaMayor Steve Rotam, i-Liverpool City Relam Tream igxile ekunwebeni i-Merseyroy yenethiwekhi entsha enjenge-Skelmersdale (i-Headbolt Lane) kanye ne-Merseyrapop ehlongozelayo ephakathi kweLiverpool. Umphathi wedolobha wasungula i-basebascrangearch exoxa nge-2023, ehlose ukuletha izinkonzo zebhasi endaweni ezilawulwa umphakathi ngo-2027. Isifunda sedolobha futhi siye sasungula isimiso sokuthumela amathikithi namabhasi nge-gobocksting, senza uhambo olulula ngabagibe. URatherine ube ngumxhasi wendlela yezodwa yokuthutha eNtshonalanga yeNtshonalanga yeNtshona Ntshonalanga, nesakhiwo esisodwa sohlobo. I-Liverpoolppourceed Authment: [FFtratratemp]

Amathuluzi Okuzilawula: Ukusuka Ekutheni Uvele Uhlabe Izindlebe Kuya Ekuzibukeni Okuhlakaniphile

Ukuqonda la mathuluzi kusisiza sibone ukuthi kungani amanye amadolobha ephumelela lapho amanye eshikashikeka.

Ukudla Nokufunza Izilwane ZaseMoyeni

Izimiso zokufaka amathikithi ezifakiwe zivumela abagibeli ukuba basebenzise ikhadi elilodwa noma i-apple enqamula amabhasi, ama-tram, nezitimela. Ikhadi le-Oyster nesimiso sokukhokha i-oyster eLondon simise indinganiso. AmaMayster eManchester, iLiverpool, neNtshona Midlands manje aqala izimiso ezifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, iBee Network eManchester isebenzisa isikhwama esisodwa esingabathintani, iqinisekisa abagibeli ukuba bangakhokhi imali eyengeziwe ngemihambi ehamba ngezinyawo eziningi kunekhadi elilodwa. Lezi zimiso zidinga ukuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemuva phakathi kwabasebenzi, kodwa umphumela unyuswa kakhulu futhi uncishiswe.

Izindawo Eziphansi Nezindiza Ezihlanzekile

Izinga le-oyile i-Manchester iyisibonelo esiyinhloko sokukhathalela impilo yomphakathi, futhi imeya iye yasebenzisa amandla ayo ukuphoqelela izikhalo ezimotweni ezingcolisayo. I-ULEZ yase-London, i-Ceane Airzone yaseBirmingham (eyenziwe ngo-2021), futhi icebo leManchester lokuthatha isikhathi eside liyizibonelo. Inzuzo evela kulezindawo ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izokuthutha komphakathi, njengokulahla amabhasi kagesi noma izimoto ezindala ezifanele. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi bajezisa abashayeli abathola imali ephansi, kodwa imeya izinhlelo ze-maya ivikela izimiso zenqubo yokunciphiswa kwesibhedlela ngenxa yezindawo zokuphefumula. Isilinganiso esiphakathi kwentando yezindawo nezenhlalo sihlala silokhu siyimpikiswano ewumbangweni yokuthutha abantu.

Ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela nokuxhumanisa kwamanani

I-Smartphone apps kanye nemiboniso yangempela yokufika kwebhasi ilindelwe ngabagibeli. Amakhetshi asefake izakhiwo ezivulekile zemininingwane ezivumela abathuthukisi bengxenye yesithathu ukuba bakhe izicwangciso zokuhamba. Ukuthutha kwe-West Midwands kunolwazi oluvulekile, kuyilapho i-TfL’API isetshenziswa ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-Doricammapper kanye ne-Google Mageograph. Ama-Mayor abuye athuthukise ukulawulwa kwemisebe ye-otayela yesithathu ukulungisa ukushesha kwebhasi kuye ngokwesidingo. Lamathuluzi obuchwepheshe athuthukisa ulwazi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inzuzo enkulu ye-projekthi.

Izinselele Ekusebenziseni I - mayoral Policies

Naphezu kwalezi zinkinga, amameya abhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu ekuthutheni intuthuko yezokuthutha.

Izingqinamba Ezingokwezimali Nobuhlobo Bohulumeni Wezwe

Izimali zeMayoral zincike kakhulu ezinkokhelweni zikahulumeni ophakathi. IMnyango wezimali ufaka izimo eziqinile zokusebenzisa imali, ukunciphisa ukuvumelana. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Doroba Restance Sustatable Transtimetable Settlements ifika nezindawo zokuchitha iminyaka emihlanu ezingahambisani nemisebenzi yemeya ephambili. Izakhiwo eziwukwandiswa kwezimoto ngokuvamile zibhekana nezintengo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa imali ezindaweni zokuthutha imoto, i-Metrolink Trafford Park, ngokwesibonelo, idinga izimali ezengeziwe ezivela ehhovisi le-Greater Manchester Meyard. Ama May kumelwe futhi athole izakhiwo ezinkulu zenhloko-nhloko , akhakhe ubudlelwane obuyinkimbinkimbi nezikhonzi. Ukushintsha uhulumeni wezwe kungashintsha izinto eziphambili ekusekeleni imali, njengoba kubonakala lapho uhulumeni wase-Conterce Moocrace e-Mansterce.

Ukuphikiswa Kwezombangazwe Nomathemba Ajabulisayo

Ama - maytes akhethwa yivoti ethandwayo, ngokuvamile esekelwe abasekeli basemadolobheni abasekela ukuthengwa kwempahla yomphakathi. Nokho, izinyathelo ezingathandeki ezinjengokuvala umgwaqo noma ukuminyana kwezimali zingabangela ukuvuleka kwemithetho ebuya emuva kokhetho namabhizinisi asemaphethelweni. Ukwanda eLondon kwabelwa inselele ngamabhonograneti amaningana, futhi iMaya ibhekene nokukhetha eUxbridge ngo-2023 elwa kakhulu kulendaba. AmaMay makaqinise izinqubo zawo ukuze alondoloze ukusekela kokhetho ngenkathi yokwenza izinqumo ezinzima. Umbango ophakathi kwemigomo emide nengcindeze yezombangazwe engokwesikhathi esifushane ubuye ube isihloko esiphindaphindwayo.

Iziyalezo Ezimisiwe Nokuhlela

Amadolobha amaningi e-UK anezakhiwo zokuthutha ezinamashumi eminyaka akudala, eziklanyelwe inkathi ehlukile. Ukufaka amapayipi amasha e-tram noma imizila yamabhasi kudinga ukumba imigwaqo, ukuthola imvume yokuhlela, nokuphatha izinkampani zezemisebenzi. Inqubo yokuhlela ingathatha iminyaka .Inqubo yokuhlela i-Esss Transit iklanywe okokuqala kuma-40 futhi ihlale isesikhungweni sokudweba. AmaMaya avame ukusola ukuthatha kancane ukuthunyelwa kwemithetho kahulumeni ophakathi, engabangela ukulibala okukhulu. Izimiso zempahla, njengokuvikela izakhiwo noma izindawo zokulondoloza imvelo, zingavimbela futhi imisebenzi yanamuhla.

Amathuba Okuvuselela Nokukhangisa

Naphezu kwalezi zithiyo, amameya athola izindlela zokuthuthukisa intuthuko yezokuthutha.

Umngane Womphakathi

Lapho izimali zomphakathi zilinganiselwe, imeya iye yaphendukela enhloko - dolobha ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala isisekelo sesisekelo. I-Midlands Metro ye-Digbeth ngokwengxenye ixhaswe umnikelo ohlangene nendawo entsha yokuhlala nezentengiselwano. ELondon, i-Croswarray yaxhaswa ngemali ngemixhantela kahulumeni, ngokuboleka, nangenani lezentengiselwano ekhona embonini. I-Liverpool City ihlola umfanekiso ofanayo we-Merseyroptiot yayo ehlongoziwe. Lemiba i-mfantu ingashela ukuthutha kodwa idinga izivumelwano ezibonisa izingozi ezisobala kanye namalungiselelo okufaka izingozi.

Ukuhlanganyela Nomthetho Wokubambisana Komphakathi

Manje ama - may avame ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa komphakathi ngezinguquko zezokuthutha, esebenzisa ucwaningo lwe - Internet, imihlangano yehholo ledolobha, nemithombo yezokuxhumana. Umkhankaso we-West Yorkshire Ehlangene ne-Authority “I-Talk Talk ” wahlanganisa izimpendulo ezingaphezu kuka - 10 000 ezakha i-Mayor Transport Strategy. EManchester, i-Bee Network iqala ukuhloba ngeqembu labagibeli. Ukuhlanganyela imiphakathi yendawo kusiza ekusekeleni izinyathelo eziphikisanayo ezinjengendawo encishisiwe yezimoto. Nokho, ukuxoxa ngemoto kuyingozi, futhi imeya emeya kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi isebenza ngenzuzo etholakalayo.

Ukubhekana Nezimo Ezingcono

Imininingwane yezohambo iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuhlela amabhayisekile ebhakethi, ukubikezela ukulibala kwamachashaza ashisayo, nokuhlelwa kwe-nethiwekhi. I-TfL inyathelisa ama-data angaphezu kuka-80 emathekwini ayo avulekile, lawo abacwaningi abazimele abaye bawasebenzisela ukuthuthukisa izibikezelo zokuhamba. Amakhemisi asedolobheni elincane afaka imali ekwazisweni ngamaqoqo e-alytics. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South Yorkshire Mayoral Exrined Aguendment isebenzisa ukwaziswa okungabagibeli bebhasi ukuze ilungise iziteshi zebhasi emigwaqweqweqweni ethandwayo. Le mininingwane ye-drivention ivumela omeyard ukuba benze izinqumo ezisekelwe kunezimo zokuzivelela noma abangeni.

Ikusasa Lobuholi Be - mayoral Ekuthutheni Komphakathi

Uma zibheka phambili, izimiso zemeya ziyoqhubeka ziguquka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisimo sezulu, ukushintsha kwenani labantu nokushintsha kobuchwepheshe.

Izibopho Zeqanda Nempuphu Eluhlaza

Cishe bonke abameya baye bamemezela izimo eziphuthumayo zezulu futhi bahlela izisulu zezindawo zabo ezinenetha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukushintshela imikhumbi yamabhasi ezinqoleni ezihambayo (imishini noma i-hydrogen), ukwandisa iziteshi zezimoto ukuze zithathe indawo yezimoto, kanye nokuphakamisa izifunda eziqinile zokukhipha izimoto. IManchester ihlose ukusebenzisa imikhumbi yebhasi ye-zero nge-2030, kuyilapho zonke imikhumbi yamabhasi iyoba ihambe ngo-2034. AmaMay akhuthaza nokuhamba ngesivinini ngemigwaqo yezimoto nezifunda ezihambayo. Lemithetho ihambisana nemigomo yezwe yenetha-zero, kodwa idinga ukuthengwa okukhulu kwezimoto ezintsha nemishini ekhokhelayo.

Ukuklanywa Nokuklanywa Okukhethekile

I-Mayor yaseLondon kumelwe isebenzele wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise nabantu abadala, abakhubazekile, nalabo abasebenzisa amabhuleki noma imithwalo esindayo. Abathathi-maya baye basungula amabhasi aphansi aneziteshi, ukungena ngesihle eziteshini, nezimemezelo ezizwakalayo ezitimeleni. I-Mayar yaseLondon ixhase i- “Inspread Free Accession” program, eye yandisa inani leziteshi zeTube ezikwazi ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwemvume emhlane kusukela ku-6 ngo-2016 kuya ku-100 ngo-2024. Iziteshishishi ezintsha ziklanyelwe ngokwezindinganiso zendawo yonke. Nokho, iziteshi eziningi ezindala zisekhona zingafifiki, futhi amameya ebhekenelo ehlweni yokuxhasa i-retrofit.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ohambweni Olungenaqhwa

Izinhlelo ze-moodility-a-a-Service (MaaS) ezihlanganisa izithuthi zomphakathi, izibhayisekili-ska, nokugibela imoto eqosheni elilodwa ziyaqhutshwa emadolobheni amaningana e-UK. I-Midlands iqala ukulingwa kweMaaS okubizwa ngokuthi “Wahim” ngo-2020, futhi i-Transer for Great Manchester iqala i-Bee Network ngokuhlela uhambo nokukhokha ukuhlangana. I-Mayster ibona amaMaaS njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuncishwa kwemoto, kodwa impumelelo ixhomeke ekufakeni abasebenzisi abaningi nabasebenzisi bezokushintsha imikhuba yokuhamba.

Isiphetho: Ama - mayer Ayizisulu Zoshintsho

Izimiso ze-Mayoral ziye zabonakala zinamandla okuthuthukisa ukuthutha komphakathi emadolobheni ase-UK. Kusukela eLondon ukuminyana nokushaya amathikithi emotweni yebhasi yaseManchester kuya e-franchiing nase-injini ye-Birmingham, omphathi bamameya abakhethiwe baye basebenzisa amandla abo ahlukeneyo ukuze baqhube izinguquko ezishintshayo ezaziyobe nzima ngaphansi kwezakhiwo zesifunda sesifunda esidala. Imiphumela ayifani; ukusekela kwezimali, ukuphikisa kwezombangazwe, nesisekelo se-ertria kuseyisithiyo ngempela. Kodwa ukuthambekela kusobala: amameyameya ayimikha yesinqumo, futhi izimiso zabo ziveza ngokuqondile ukunyakaza kwezigidi zezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni.

Njengoba amadolobha ekhula futhi izingcindezi zesimo sezulu zikhula, isidingo sokuhola kwezindawo eziqinile, okuyolandisa kuzo siyokhula. Isizukulwane esilandelayo samameya kuzodingeka silinganisele izifiso zendawo ezungezile namaqiniso ezomnotho, sifake imishini ethuthukiswayo, futhi siqikelele ukuthi intuthuko yezokuthutha ifinyelele wonke amadolobha. Ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi lapho abaphathi bezakhiwo benikezwa amandla nemithombo yemali ukuze bathathe isinyathelo, bangahambisa imishini yokuthutha yomphakathi ephumelela kakhulu, ehlangene kakhulu, futhi eqinile ngokwengeziwe. Ithonya lezimiso zezethutho lomphakathi lokuthutha akuyona i-ombhalo waphansi embusweni yasemadolobheni.Nkazwe ingeyendaba eyinhloko yendlela amadolobha azenza ngayo kabusha ngekhulu leminyaka elingamashumi amabili nambili.