Isingeniso: Isisekelo Sezindlu Ezinhle EMelika

Izimiso ezinhle zokuhlala zingamasuntswana ethuba elilinganayo e-United States, ziqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu (ngoba engenalo uhlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yobuzwe, inkolo, ubulili, isimo sobulili, noma ukukhubazeka) angavikela izindlu ngaphandle kokucwaswa. Nakuba i-Punical Howare Howare Act ka-1968 imisa indinganiso yesizwe, umsebenzi wangempela wokuqasha, imfundo, nezimiso zenkambiso zenzakalela ezingeni likahulumeni. Lesihloko sihlola izinhlangano zezwe ezihlangene zamalungelo abantu eziya ezinhlanganweni ezinhle zezindawo, zisebenza njengemishini eyinhloko yokuguqula izivumelwano zezindawo zendawo. Imiphumela yazo ifinyelela izigidi zabaqali, abanikazi, abanikazi, nabahlanzi bezindlu, imiphakathi elungisayo elungisayo, futhi ihlelwe yizinkinga zezindawo zokuhlala.

Indima Yeminyango KaHulumeni Emakhaya Amahle

Iminyango yoMbuso inezikhundla ezikhethekile zokusingatha ukucwasana kwezindlu ngenxa yokuthi isebenza ezimisweni zomthetho zendawo, iqonda izimakethe zezindawo zokuhlala, futhi ilondoloza ubuhlobo obuqondile nabafaka izigwegwe zomphakathi. Imithwalo yayo yemfanelo idlulela ngalé kokugadwa okulula kokulalela; ingabaklami bezimiso, abafundisi bomphakathi, nabaphoqeleli bomthetho.

Ukuthuthukisa Nokusebenzisa Isimiso Sokulwa Nokungezwani Nezifo

Umbuso ngamunye unemithetho yawo elungile yokuhlela izindlu, eminingi yayo edlula ngalé kwesivikelo sikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, eminye imibuso inqabela ukucwaswa okusekelwe emthonjeni weholo (njengengxenye engu-8 yemali) noma indlela engokocansi kunye ne-swnic. Iminyango yoMbuso inomthwalo wokuhlela lemithetho, ukuqondisa imiphumela, nokuyikhuphula ngokusabela ezindabeni ezisanda kuvela. Lendima yokwenza isimiso idinga ulwazi olujulile ekwakheni izindlu, izimo zezomnotho, kanye ne-conuty. Izezimali ngokuvamile zisebenzelana nabashaya umthetho, amaqembu amaqembu ezempatho, nabacwaningi bezemfundo yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi ephumelela futhi isebenza ngokomthetho.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nokuphikiswa

Ukuphoqelelwa mhlawumbe kuwumsebenzi obonakalayo kakhulu wamaziko ezindawo zokuhlala ezilungile. Uma kudluliswa isikhalo, umnyango ufaka uphenyo, uqoqa ubufakazi, futhi unqume ukuthi umemezelo wokwaphula umthetho ukhona yini. Uma kutholakala, umnyango ungabeka izijeziso, ukugunyaza izenzo zokulungisa, futhi, ezimweni ezinzima, ubhekisa amacala okumangalelwa. Lokhu kusebenza kwekhono lokuvimbela ukuquliswa kwezindlu. Abagcini bezindawo, abameli bezindawo, nababolensi bayazi ukuthi imikhuba yokukhokha isakhiwo ikhona inemiphumela yangempela. Ngokwe-U. U.S. Umnyango we-Hollay Department ne-D (HUD), unikeza lezi zikhundla zezindawo zokulawula izinhlangano zezindawo (HUD), futhi izinhlangano zezindawo ezingakhethi zisingatha amashumi ezinkulungwane zezikhalo njalo ngonyaka, eziningi eziphumela ekuhlahleni, noma ezinguqulweni. [F:][1]

Imfundo Nokuqaphela Umphakathi

Imfundo iyisisekelo sentuthuko elungile yezindawo zokuhlala. Iminyango yoMbuso yenza izinhlelo zokuthola izakhiwo ezibanzi ezihlanganisa amashabhu, ama-webinar, izinto ezinyathelisiwe, nemikhankaso yokusebenza kwemishini. Lemizamo ihlasela kokubili izinkampani zezindlu (ukuvimbela ukuphambana ngengozi) nabathengi (ukuzinika amandla okuqaphela nokubika ukucwaswa). Imibuso eminingi futhi inikeza ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe bezindawo, abaphathi bempahla, nezisebenzi zikahulumeni wendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-New York State Division of Human Rightss favolutions ngokukhululekile ngesihle ezingqungqutheleni yezindlu ezikhululekile eqekezweni yombuso wonke unyaka ngamunye, ifinyelela izinkulungwane zabahlanganyeli abathatha izinhlelo zokubonisa ukucwa kwezimo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo ziye zaboniswa futhi zanda ukuveza izenzakalo zokucwa kwemibono.

Ukuqoqwa Kwemininingwane Nokucwaninga

Ukuze kulwiwe ngokuphumelelayo nobandlululo, iminyango kahulumeni kumelwe iqonde ukuthi kwenzekaphi futhi kanjani. Izinhlangano eziningi zilondoloza izinhlelo zokuhlola indlela yokukhononda, ziphatha ukuhlola izindlu ngokufanele (zihlola ngokuhambelana ngezibalo zenani labantu abahlukene), futhi zihlaziye izinqubo zezentengiselwano. Le mininingwane yazisa izinqumo zezezomthetho futhi isize ithuthukise imithombo ephambili. Ngokwesibonelo, i-California Civil Rights Department (eyayikhona i-DEH) isebenzisa ukwaziswa kokukhononda ukuze izwe izindawo ezinenkinga noma izikhungo zezindlu. Lokhu kuqondiswe obala ngemibiko yaminyaka yonke, engabhekwa ngewebhusayithi yeze ye-Calion Rights Department yezerrectory ]

Ithonya Elilinganiswayo Lomkhandlu Kahulumeni

Umsebenzi weminyango kahulumeni uye waveza imiphumela ephawulekayo yokunciphisa ukucwaswa kwezindlu nokuthuthukisa imiphakathi ehlala abantu abaningi.

Ukukhononda Okwandayo Nesinqumo

Esinye sezimpawu ezicacile zentuthuko ukwanda kwezikhalo zobandlululo ezibekwa kumaziko kahulumeni. Lokhu kwanda akusho ukuthi ubandlululo luyakhula; kunalokho, ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuqapha okukhulu nokwethemba izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ikhona. Ezindabeni ezinezinhlelo eziqinile zokufinyelela, amanani okukhalo aye akhula kancane kancane. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Hulumeni’s Human Rights Commission yabona ukwanda okungu-30% kwezikhalo zezindlu eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuqala umkhankaso wemfundo yezilimi eziningi. Izinqumo . //ukudlulisa izimvume, noma ukubusa kwezindawo, noma izikhalo zokuphatha, kunyuke, kanye nezikhalo eziningi eziphumela ekunikezeni usizo lwezisulu nezinguquko zezenkambiso zezelo.

Izinga Eliphakeme Phakathi Kwabanikazi Bezindlu

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zihlola futhi zilandele izicelo zokuhlola abanikazi bezindawo, izinkampani zokuphatha impahla, kanye nababolekisi bezindlu. Lokhu kuhlola, kuhlangene nosongo lwezijeziso, kuye kwathuthukisa ukunamathela kwemithetho yezindlu elungile. Ukuhlola kweNational Fair Howard Holliel Alliance kwathola ukuthi izinhlangano eziphethe izinhlangano ezikhuthele zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezindawo zobuzwe zazinamazinga aphansi kakhulu okukhangisa ngokusemthethweni kanye nemikhuba yokuqasha. Amahlelo okunakekela okunikeza izindawo zokuhlala ezifanele kubantu abakhubazekile nawo aye athuthuka, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuqondisa ukuqondiswa kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Ukwandisa Ukufinyelela Kwamaqembu Acushiwe

Izimiso ezinhle zokuhlala ziye zasiza ekuvulekeni kwamaqembu avinjelwe ezindaweni ezisenkabeni nasemakethe ezindlu. Omama abangabodwa, imikhaya esebenzisa iziqinisekiso zokuhlala, kanye nabafuduki bonke baye bazuza ezivikelweni zikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, imithetho enqabela ukucwaswa komthombo wenzuzo, − ephoqelelwe iminyango kahulumeni eminyango eminingi ezindaweni eziningi . .EConnecticut, uMnyango wezindlu ezilungile we-Hospital waholela ekuthatheleni izinyathelo zokusetshenziswa kwezindawo eziphansi ze-omatilogile.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Izindaba ZoMbuso Eziye Zaphumelela

Ukuhlola izihloko ezithile kwembula ukuthi ithonya layo lijule kangakanani.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwempi YaseCalifornia

I-California Civil Rights Department (eyayiyi-DFEH) inomlando omude wezenzo zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezindawo eziphezulu. Kwesinye isimo esiphawulekayo, umnyango wathola ibhungane eliyizigidi ezingu-5,5 lokumelana nenkampani enkulu yokuphatha amafulethi ngokugodlela imikhaya ngezingane. Ngaphandle kwesijeziso semali, inkampani yadinga inkampani ukuba iqede izimiso zayo zokuqasha, iqeqeshele zonke izisebenzi ngokungakhethi, futhi ivume ukugadelwa ngokuqhubekayo. Lendaba, inemininingwane eMnyango Wamalungelo Omphakathi [[FLT: 0] we-Californforn Amalungelo e-Orgiontion Department [, ibonisa indlela ukumiswa kokusebenza kwezenzwe kwezemboni.

Isibonelo Sokufinyelela Komphakathi WaseNew York

ISivumelwano seZwe laseNew York se-New York siye sagxila kakhulu ekuhlaseleni izakhamuzi. Isimiso saso “Indawo Yokuhlala Yabo Bonke” esisebenza nabo bonke abangekho nzuzo bendawo, izinhlangano zenkolo, kanye nezinyunyana ezihlukene ezikhona ukuze balethe imfundo ngokuqondile ezindaweni ezigciniwe. EBuffalo, umkhankaso ohloselwe ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa waholela ekwandeni kwe-40% ekukhonondeni kobandlululo nokukhuphuka okuphumelelayo. Ingxenye futhi inikeza usizo olungokomthetho olusiza abakhalaza abambalwa abambalwa, ukunciphisa ukudlala ezimpikiswaneni.

ITexas: Ukulinganisela Ukukhula Nokulingana

ITexas, nemakethe yayo echumayo yezindlu, ibhekene nezinselele ezingavamile. I-Calvil Rights Division ye-Texas Commission ye-Ortory Covil Rights Division iye yasungula uhlelo lokuhlola olunemivundla emadolobheni aphakeme anjenge-Austin neDallas. Abaqaphi baveza ukuthi bangabaqaphi bezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene ukuze bathole ukwelashwa okuhlukile. Imininingwane yalokhu kuhlola iye yasetshenziselwa ukuxoxa ngezinguquko ezinkulu ekuncipheni kwemikhuba encishisiwe phakathi kwezinhlangano ezinkulu zokuphatha impahla. Lendlela iye yanconywa ngokuthatha ubandlululo olucashisiwe ngaphandle kwalokho olungabikwanga.

Ukuhlobana Nezinhlelo Zokuxhumana Nezindawo

Iminyango kahulumeni ayisebenzi endaweni engenalutho. Iyingxenye yenethiwekhi enkulu ehlanganisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ohulumeni bendawo, kanye nomphakathi weqembu langasese.

Ubudlelwane ne - HUD

I-U.S. Department of Howard and Urban Development (HUD) inikeza izimali kanye nosizo lobuchwepheshe kuhulumeni nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezifanele. Nge-Fair Howard Application Program (FAP), i-HUD isekela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ekusebenziseni imithetho yazo elungile yezindlu. Lokhu kuyavumelana kuvumela ukuba kukhulunywe ukusingatha izikhalo ezingase ziye emahhovisi esifunda e-HUD, zisheshisa izikhathi zesinqumo futhi zinciphise izikhundla. Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zihlanganyela futhi eHUD’s Fair Incopections Program (FIP), okuyimfundo nemisebenzi yokuthola izimali. [[FLT:][FUD][FUD] FAP [FLD] ikhasi[FLD]]

Ukuvumelana

Iminyango kahulumeni ivame ukuhlanganisa nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni − njengeminyango yempilo yengqondo, yenkonzo yokukhubazeka, noma yesivikelo sabathengi, − ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezibhekene nezindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu okhubazekile obhekene nokucwaswa kwezindlu angase adinge ukusekelwa ihhovisi likahulumeni elinamalungelo akhubazekile. Imikhosi yokuphambana kwemisebenzi nezimiso zokukhomba iqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhononda ngokulunga kwezindlu kuhlangene nezinkonzo zezenhlalo ezibanzi.

Ohulumeni Bendawo Nezinhlangano Zomphakathi

Idolobha nohulumeni besifunda bafeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni izimiso zezindlu ezilungile. Iminyango yoMbuso inikeza ukuqeqeshwa nengcebo kuziphathimandla zendawo zezindlu, ukuhlelwa kweminyango, namahhovisi okuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho. Izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini, njengeNational Fair House House Alliance nezindawo zokuhlala ezingcono, zisebenza njengezisizi ezibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni futhi zithathe izikhundla. Ezizweni eziningi, lezinhlangano zithola iminikelo evela emnyangweni kahulumeni ukuze ziqhube ukuhlola, ukululeka, nokufundisa.

Izinselele Nezithiyo Ezivimbela Ukuthuthuka

Naphezu kokufinyelela okuphawulekayo, iminyango kahulumeni ibhekana nezithiyo eziphikelelayo ezilinganisela ukuphumelela kwayo.

Ukucwasa Okungaqondakali Nokulawulwa

Izinhlobo ezimcaba ngobandlululo, njengokwenqaba ukuqasha intela ngokusekelwe ohlwini lohlanga, ziye zehla kakhulu. Nokho, imikhuba engabonakali kakhulu iyaqhubeka. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuqondisa (ukuqondisa abathengi bamakhaya ezindaweni ezithile ezisekelwe ebunhlotsheni), ukususa izimfuneko zokusebenza (umz., ukuhlola okuqinile kwabantu abanemibala), kanye nokukhangisa kobuchwepheshe okukhipha amaqembu athile abantu abahlala khona. Ukuthola nokufaka lamacala kudinga ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlolwa kokwaziswa, okusho ukuthi izinhlangano eziningi zezwe azinazo izinto ezifuna izimali zokuzihlela ngesilinganiso esikhulu.

Izinhlangano Ezisekela Imali Nezicindezelayo

Ukugcinwa kwezindawo kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Iminyango eminingi kahulumeni isebenza ngezisebenzi ezincane nangezimali ezilinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezincane noma ezisemaphandleni. Lokhu kuholela ekuqhubekeni kwezikhathi zokukhononda (ngezinye izikhathi) nasekuhlulekeni ukwenza umsebenzi ophoqelelwe. Ngokombiko ka-2022 owenziwa yi-leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, isilinganiso sezwe sokuxazulula isikhalo sokuhlala esilungile singaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-14. Kwezinye izizwe, ukuhlelwa kwemali kuye kwaphoqelela izinhlangano ukuba zinciphise izinhlelo zokuphoqesha nokuqeqesha lapho zidingeka kakhulu.

Ukubuyela Empilweni Yezombangazwe Nengokomthetho

Izimiso ezilungile zokuhlala zingaba yizingxabano kwezombangazwe. Abanye ohulumeni bendawo kanye nabanikazi bempahla bamelana nezinguquko ezivumela ukuba kutholakale izindlu ezithengwayo ezindaweni ezithile, bephikisa ukuthi ziphazamisa amalungelo empahla. Iminyango yoMbuso ingase ibhekane nokugxekwa okuvela emaqenjini abaphathi bezindawo abekela imithetho enzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlelwa okushintshayo kwezinkantolo nezinkantolo zokuphatha kungathinta indlela imithetho yezindlu ehloniphekile echazwa ngayo, ngezinye izikhathi inciphe isivikelo esincane.

Izinhlobo Eziguqula Ubandlululo

Njengoba izimakethe zokukhokha izindlu zishintsha, nemikhuba yokukhokha ubandlululo. Ukukhushulelwa kwamapulatifomu okuqasha kuyi-Internet njenge-Airbnb ne Zisound kuye kwadala izindlela ezintsha zobandlululo. Imithetho yemithetho enquma ukukhomba isibambiso sendlu ngaphambi kokuba ithole noma ukuqashwa kungabangela ubandlululo lwezinhlanga noma lwezomnotho. Iminyango yoMbuso kufanele iqhubeke ivumelanisa izindlela zayo zokuhlola futhi ithuthukise izisekelo zayo zomthetho ukuze ixazulule lezinselele ezavelayo. Lokhu kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe okunzima ukuthenga izinhlangano eziningi.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuqinisa Imizamo Yendawo Yokuhlala Efanele Kahulumeni

Njengoba yakha intuthuko eyenziwa, iminyango kahulumeni ingathatha izinyathelo eziningana ukuze ithuthukise ithonya layo.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuntengantenga Emsebenzini

Imininingwane ingasiza iminyango yombuso ukuba iphawule izindlela zokuhlukanisa ngokushelela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenzisa umshini wokuhlola uhlu lokuqasha nolimi lokukhangisa kungalawula ukuphulwa kwemithetho. Amanye amazwe kakade asezama ukusebenzisa lamathuluzi. I-Division of Human Rights yaseNew York iqhube isimiso esizihambelayo ukuze ihlole izikhangiso ze-inthanethi yokukhipha umlomo. Ukunwetshwa kwalezi zimemezelo, kuhlangene nezivikelo zemininingwane eziqinile, kungandisa ngokuphawulekayo imizamo yokugcinwa kwemithetho.

Ukwanda Kwezimali Nokuthuthwa Kwabantu

Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni kumelwe ziqaphele ukuthi ukugcinwa kwezindawo ngokusemthethweni kuyizindleko zokutshala intela. Imali ngayinye echithwa ekugunyazeni izindleko zezenhlalakahle zezenhlalo . Ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zezenhlalakahle, imiphumela engcono yempilo, nokuhamba okungokwezomnotho. Amaqembu ezisebenzi zobushiqela ayaqhubeka ephoqelela ukuxhasa izikhungo zezindlu ezinikezelweyo ezixhasa izimali ezikhethekile. Ezinye izifunda ziye zakha imali ekhethekile ezinkonzweni zemali nasezindaweni zokuhlala ukuze zisekele imisebenzi eqhubekayo.

Ukuqinisa Izinhlangano Zomphakathi

Izinhlangano zomphakathi ezithenjwayo zivame ukuba yiphuzu lokuqala lokuxhumana nezisulu zobandlululo. Ngokujulisa ubuhlobo nalamaqembu, iminyango kahulumeni ingathuthukisa futhi inciphise izithiyo zokukhipha izikhalo. Izinto zemfundo ezingcono zezilimi eziningi, ezihunyushelwe ezilimini eziphambili ezikhulunywa ezweni ngalinye, zingaqinisekisa ukuthi akekho oshiywe. Imitholampilo ehambayo nezikhalo ezingokoqobo zingasiza ekufinyeleleni abantu ezindaweni ezikude noma ezingaphansi.

Ukusingatha Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zokucwasana

Ukugcinwa kwezindawo zokwakha kuphela akunakuqeda amashumi eminyaka okuncishiswa, ukukhishwa kwezindawo, nokungalingani kwezomnotho. Iminyango yoMbuso kufanele isebenze kanye nezinhlangano zezindlu nokuhlela ukuze ithuthukise izimiso ezihlanganisa indawo, ixhase ukusungulwa kwezindlu ezithengwayo, futhi isekele izinhlelo ezinjengosizo olusekelwe ezindaweni eziqashiwe. Ezinye izifunda, njengo-Oregon no-California, ziye zamisa imithetho yokuqeda ukukhubazeka kwemikhaya eyodwa ngokukhetha ukuphakama okukhulu, ukunyakaza okuye kwamalungu asemthethweni ombuso okwakha asekela ukuchuma. Lezinguquko zokwakha, zihlangene nokugcinwa okuqinile, zingakha izimakethengi zezindlu ezingenakulinganiswa.

Ukuqinisa Izindlu Ezisapiyela (AFFH)

Ukubusa kukahulumeni i-AFFH, okwamanje okuvuselelwe yi-HUD, kudinga izinyathelo ezithatha iziteshi eziqinile zokulwa nokuhlukaniswa kwezizwe nokuthuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa. Iminyango yoMbuso ingahola lo mzamo ngokuhlola izindlela zokuhlala, ngokubeka imigomo eqinile yokuqeda izinhlangano, nokubika ngentuthuko. Nakuba lo mthetho uye wabhekana nezinselele ezingokomthetho nezezombangazwe, izifunda eziningi ziqhubekela phambili ngokuzithandela. Ngokwesibonelo, uMnyango wezentengiselwano wezwe waseWashington uhlanganise izimiso ze-AFFH ekuhlelweni kwawo izindlu, usebenzisa ukwaziswa okubonisa izindawo zobuhlanga nezokunakekela kwezomnotho.

Isiphetho: Indlela Engaphambili

Iminyango yoMbuso iye yazibonakalisa ibalulekile ekulweleni izindlu ezilungile. Ngokuqinisekisa, imfundo, nokusungulwa kwezimiso, iye yanciphisa ubandlululo, ukuvuleka, futhi yakha imiphakathi egcwele. Nokho, umsebenzi awuphelele neze. Njengoba ukucwasana nokushintsha kwezindawo nokuhweba ngezindlu kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, lezi zinkampani kumelwe zivumelane, zifake izimali zobuchwepheshe obusha, futhi zithuthukise ubuhlobo obuqinile. Ngezibopho ezanele nemithombo eyanele, iminyango kahulumeni ingaqhubeka iqhubelela izwe ekuthembisweni kwesithembiso sezindlu ezifanele bonke abantu.

Kulabo abafuna ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, ISivumelwano seJaji iFair House Inforcement ikhasi ne-National Fair House Home Alliance [ inikeza imithombo eyengeziwe kanye nezici ezihlelwayo zikahulumeni.