Indima Ehlala Njalo Yezindinganiso Zesiko Kwezombangazwe Ezinethonya ZaseJapane

EJapane, amaqembu ezombangazwe avame ukubeka izindinganiso ezingokwesiko esikhungweni sezindawo zawo zobuteji. Lezimiso zezindinganiso ziguqula umndeni, isiko, kanye nobuzwe, zithonya kakhulu isimo sezwe sezombangazwe. Emashumini eminyaka, amaqembu athatha indinganiso, ngokuphawulekayo iLiberal Democratic Party (LDP), ziye zazenza abaqaphi befa lesizwe laseJapane, zikhuthaza ukuzinza kwezenhlalo, ukuhlonipha isigaba sabefundisi, nomuzwa onamandla wokuziqhenya kwesizwe. Ukuqonda indlela lezizindinganiso eziguqulela ngayo ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zibalulekile kakhulu kunoma ubani ofunda izombangazwe noma amandla amakhulu okulondoloza i-pardaticism eMpumalanga Asia.

Isisekelo Esingokomlando Seqembu Elinombono Wesayensi Yokuphila Kwabantu

Izimpande ze-uraldatism yanamuhla yaseJapane zisukela emuva eMeiji Resolution (1868), lapho izwe lishesha ukuqashelwa lapho lizama ukulondoloza impucuko yalo eyingqayizivele. Amaqembu alandela imfazwe alandelayo, ikakhulukazi i-LDP eyakhiwa ngo-1955, aqhubele phambili lo msebenzi ombaxambili: ahlanganisa intuthuko yezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi elondoloza i-cohesition esekelwe ezimisweni ezingokwesiko. I-LDP iye yabusa iJapane cishe ngemva kwenkathi yempi, yenza indawo yayo ehloniphekile ibe nethonya kakhulu enqubweni yesizwe.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha Kwempi Yangemva Nesibonakaliso Sesizwe

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, iJapane yabhekana nenselele yokuvuselela ukuma kwayo kobuzwe ngaphansi kohlelo olusha lomthetho-sisekelo. Amaqembu abambelele ekuzidleni afuna ukubuyisela umuzwa wokuqhosha nokuqhubeka ngokugcizelela ukuhlonipha isiko, umkhaya wombuso, nemikhuba yamasiko enjengemicikilisho yobuShinto. Basekela izimiso ezahlukanisa izinguquko zentando yeningi nokulondolozwa kwezimiso zezenhlalo, kuhlanganise nesimiso somkhaya ([ ) nezibophono zomphakathi. Lenkathi yamisa isisekelo semibono esisaqhubeka sazisa amapulatifomu abambelele emasimini anokukhula namuhla.

Iqembu lentando yeningi lenkululeko yokuzikhethela

I-LDP yokubusa isikhathi eside yenziwa imoto eyinhloko yezindinganiso ezingaguquki kwezombangazwe zamaJapane. Indawo yesikhulumi yaleliqembu igcizelela ukuzinza, ukukhula kwezomnotho, nokulondolozwa kwempucuko. Amaqembu angaphakathi phakathi kwe-LDP ngezinye izikhathi ayaphikisana ngezimiso ezithile, kodwa avumelana kakhulu ngokubaluleka kwezindinganiso ezingokwesiko njengesimiso esiqondisayo. Lobu bunye buye bavumela i-LDP ukuba ilondoloze isinxephezelo sokhetho, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti nasemaphandleni lapho imikhosi yamasiko ehlala iqinile khona.

Izindinganiso Ezingokwesiko Eganjini Le - Contemporary Platform

Amaqembu abambelele eqophelo eliphambili asebenzisa izindinganiso eziningana ezingokwesiko ezilawula izikhundla zawo ezingokomthetho nokuthumela imiyalezo yomphakathi. La zindinganiso azihlali zikhona; zichazwa kabusha ngenxa yezimo zezenhlalo ezishintshayo. Nokho, ezinye izihloko zivela njalo ezinhlanganweni eziveza izinkulumo zezombangazwe.

Ukwethembeka Komkhaya Nomthetho Ovamile

Izindinganiso zomkhaya zisemqoka ezindaweni zezindawo ezinamazinga aphansi kakhulu zokuzala eJapane. Njengoba kunezinye izilinganiso eziphansi kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nomphakathi okhula ngokushesha, amaqembu athatha isilinganiso samanani abantu athathe inqubo yenani labantu yenza iqokomisekile. Bakhuthaza izinyathelo zokusekela ukubeletha nokukhulisa abantwana, kuhlanganise nezisusa zemali, izikhungo zokunakekela izingane, nezinguquko emsebenzini ezikhuthaza umshado nokwakheka komkhaya. Lezimiso zihlelwa njengokudingeka ukuze kulondolozwe isimo somkhaya esingokwesiko, okubhekwa njengokuyisisekelo sokuzinza kwezenhlalo.

  • Ukwanda kwenkokhelo yezingane nezinzuzo zentela emikhayeni
  • Ukukhuthazwa kwekhefu labazali namalungiselelo omsebenzi avumelana nezimo
  • Ukusekela ukusungula ukuxhumana nezinhlangano zomkhaya ezisekelwe emphakathini
  • Ukugcizelela indima yemikhaya eyengeziwe ekunakekeleni umntwana nasekunakekeleni abadala

Ifa Elingokwesiko Nezibonakaliso Zesizwe

Ukulondoloza ifa lezempucuko kungenye yezinsika zezindawo zezikhulu ezithatha imingcele. Amadili asekela ukuvikela izindawo ezingokomlando, ukuthuthukisa ubuciko besiko njengomkhosi wetiye ne-kabuki, nokugcina izimpawu zesizwe njengeflagi yeHinomaru ne "Kingayo" iculo lengoma. Abenzi bemithetho yamahlelo bavame ukulwela umthetho oqinisa isikhundla esingokomthetho salezi zimpawu futhi uthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezikoleni nasemikhosini yomphakathi. Lokhu kugcizelela ukuqhubekela phambili kwempucuko kuqinisa umuzwa wesizwe obalulekile ekufuneni isigaba sesizwe esinenkambizo ezithiyo ishoshosho ukuthi izibalo zomphakathi.

Ukuvumelana Kwezenhlalo Nokuhlonipha Igunya

Inhlonipho ngegunya nokuvumelana kwezenhlalo ( ) ifakwe kakhulu emcabangweni wamaJapane othatha imingcele elandelanayo. Izikhathi eziningi zihlela izimiso zazo ngokokugcina uhlelo, ukunciphisa izingxabano, nokugcina isinqumo esisekelwe ekuvumelaneni. Lendlela ithonya yonke into kusukela esimisweni semfundo kuya ebuhlotsheni bezisebenzi. Amaqonga athambekele ekuthandeni ushintsho oluqhubekayo, kunokuba inguquko enkulu, ibonisa ukuma kwenguquko eqinile, ibonise ukuma kwesimiso sokuphazamiseka.

Imiphumela Ewumthetho Ngaphesheya Kwemikhakha Yezihlupho Eziyinhloko

Izindinganiso zakudala ziguqulela ezinqumweni eziqinile ezisezingxenyeni eziningi zokubusa. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlangana kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ezinye izinqubo ziphikelela njengoba umphakathi waseJapane ushintsha.

Imfundo Nemfundo Yokuziphatha

Imfundo iyindawo eyinhloko yokulwela izindinganiso ezingokwesiko. Amaqembu asekela imfundo yokuziphatha egxilisa inhlonipho ngomlando wesizwe, amasiko, nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi. I-LDP iye yasekela ukubukeza ezincwadini zesikole ezigcizelela ukulandisa kokushisekela izwe futhi ilulaza izici eziphikiswayo zesikhathi sakudala sempi yaseJapane. Abenzi bemithetho abahlangene bakhuthaza futhi ukufundisa ngesiko nesimilo ezikoleni, iphikisa ngokuthi lezihloko ziveza ubuntu namakhono ezenhlalo athathwa ngemva kwesikole.

Eminyakeni yamuva, amaqembu abambelele eqophelweni elivamile aye aqhubekisela phambili ekusetshenzisweni kakhulu "kwemfundo yokuziphatha" amakilasi, aqala ngesihloko esingokomthetho ngo-2018. Lamaqembu agxila ezindinganisweni ezinjengokwethembeka, umusa, ukuhlonipha abadala, nothando lwezwe. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi uhlelo lwezifundo lukhuthaza ukushisekela izwe ngaphandle kokugxeka, kuyilapho abasekeli bebheka ukuthi kubalulekile ekulondolozeni izindinganiso zomphakathi enkathini yoshintsho olusheshayo.

Ukuthuthela Kwelinye Izwe Nomthetho Wakwamanye Amazwe

Amaqembu anezimo eziguquguqukayo athanda imithetho evimbela ukufuduka efaka phambili ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nokulondolozwa kwempucuko. Isimiso sokufuduka saseJapane sihlala singenye yeziqaphe kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe athuthukile, ezinezindlela ezilinganiselwe zokuya ezindaweni zokuhlala nakuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Abamisi-mthetho abaxhasi bezomthetho ababambelele ekuthatheni umthetho baphikisa ngokuthi umphakathi ufaka impumelelo yezenhlalo nesilinganiso sobugebengu esiphansi. Basekela imithetho efaka phambili ukuhlanganiswa kwezisebenzi zangaphandle ngesisekelo sesikhashana, nezimfuneko eziqinile zezempucuko.

Kumthetho wakwamanye amazwe, amaqembu abambelele eqinisweni agcizelela ubukhosi besizwe kanye nokubambisana okuqinile ne-United States kuyilapho elondoloza ukuhluka kwendlela engokwesiko yaseJapane. I-LDP iye yasekela ukuchazwa kabusha komthetho-sisekelo ukuze ivumele indima ephambili yezempi, ifaka lokhu njengokudingekile ukuze umuntu azitholele indawo ehlukile yokulondeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amapulatifomu abambelele ekuzibekeleni phambili ngokuvamile aveza ukuqapha ngezivumelwano eziningi ezingase zinciphise ikhono leJapani lokulawula amasiko nezimiso zayo zezomnotho.

Indima Yokuzalana Kwezihlobo Nomsebenzi

Indima yobulili ihlala ibalulekile kwezombangazwe ezisadla ngoludala zamaJapane. Nakuba amaqembu esekela ngokomthetho ukulingana kwabesilisa nabesifazane, izimiso zawo zivame ukuveza ukusikisela ngendima eyinhloko yabesifazane ekunakekeleni umntwana nasemkhayeni. Abenzi bomthetho abaphambili ngokwesiko banezindlela eziphikisanayo ezingokomlando eziphikisa kakhulu, njengezithiyo ezithi shí ezisemthethweni zezisebenzi zenkampani. Kunalokho, basekela amalungiselelo avumelanayo nomsebenzi futhi basekele abesifazane abakhetha ukulinganisela umsebenzi nomkhaya, bafaka lezi zindlela njengezimiso zobungane zomkhaya kunokuba bafake izinguquko zezenkolo.

Lendlela iye yaveza imiphumela exubile. Izinga lezisebenzi zabesifazane zaseJapane liye landa kakhulu, kodwa abesifazane bahlala bengaphansi kwezikhundla zobuholi, futhi igebe liyaqhubeka. Amaqembu ahlangeneyo aphikisa ngokuthi indlela abheka ngayo inhlonipho yokukhetha kwabesifazane, kuyilapho abagxeki bephikisa ngokuthi ikhuthaza ukungalingani kokwakha.

Impikiswano Yomthetho - sisekelo Nokuthi Uyisizwe

Umthetho-sisekelo wangemva kwempi yaseJapane, obekwe ngaphansi kombuso wezizwe ezihlangene, uhlala uyimpikiswano ephikisanayo emaqenjini abambelele emithetho engaguquki. I-LDP sekuyisikhathi eside ifuna ukubuyiselwa komthetho-sisekelo, ikakhulukazi iSiphakamiso 9 esilahla impi nemisebenzi yempi. Abaphikisi baphikisa ngokuthi umthetho-sisekelo wabekwa imibuso yangaphandle futhi awubonisi ubukhosi noma izindinganiso zesizwe. Izibukezo eziphoqelelwe zihlanganisa ukuqaphela ngokucacile iMikhosi Yokuzilandelana Nokwenqabela imingcele yempi.

Amaqembu asekela ukuqashelwa komthetho-mthetho njengosisekelo somphakathi. Abanye abamisi-mthetho baye basikisela ukulungisa okungachaza umshado njengesibopho phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane, okubonisa izindinganiso ezingokwesiko nokuphikisa ukubhaliswa ngokomthetho komshado ongowesilisa. Lezimpikiswano ziqokomisa ukucindezela phakathi kwezimiso zezenhlalo zaseJapane nokuzinikela okungokwesiko ekulondolozeni izinhlangano zamasiko.

Ukubusa Kwesifunda Nendawo

Izindinganiso ezizimo ezizimele zibuye zithonye ukubusa emazingeni esifunda nasendaweni. Izindawo zasemaphandleni, lapho izakhiwo zomphakathi ezingokwesiko zihlala ziqinile khona, ziyizindawo eziyinhloko zezinhlangano ezithatha indinganiso yezemali ephambili. Imikhosi esekela ukuxhasa ukunakekelwa kwezezolimo, intuthuko yezifunda, kanye nokulondolozwa kwemikhosi yendawo kuvumelana kakhulu nabavoti basemaphandleni. Iziteshi ezivamile zivame ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthotshiswa kwesimilo nenkululeko yendawo, ziphikisa ngokuthi imiphakathi kufanele ibe nenkululeko yokulondoloza imikhuba yayo eyingqayizivele ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kukahulumeni omkhulu.

Izinselele Nezimo Ezishintshayo Emphakathini Oshintshayo

Ukulondoloza ukulondoloza ukulondoloza umnotho kwaseJapane kubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu njengoba umphakathi ushintsha ngokushesha.

Ama - Shiftal Nezindwangu Ezithandwa Izizukulwane

Abavoti abasebasha baseJapane ngokuvamile abanamathele kakhulu ezindinganisweni ezingokwesiko kunabadala babo. Ucwaningo lubonisa njalo ukuthi izizukulwane ezisencane zamukeleka kakhulu ku LGBTQ+ amalungelo, zivulekele ukufuduka, futhi ziyangabaza kakhulu ubuzwe. Lokhu kuhlukana kwezizukulwane kunikeza inselele emaqenjini abambelele esigaba esiqinile ancike kubantu abadala abavotayo ukuze basekele. Abanye abezombangazwe ababambelele ezimisweni zomthetho eziqinile baye bazama ukuthuthukisa ukunxusa kwazo ngokugcizelela izimiso zezomnotho kanye nezikhathalela ukulondeka kuyilapho bedambisa isimo sazo ezindabeni zezenhlalo.

I-LDP iye yenza ukulungisa okuthile, njengokusekela ukuqashelwa okulinganiselwe kobuhlobo obufanayo bobulili emongweni othile nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela kwabesifazane emsebenzini. Nokho, lezinguquko zivame ukuhlanganisa futhi zihlelwe ngokucophelela ukuze zigweme abasekeli abaphambukayo abaphambukayo. Umbuzo wokulinganisela ukufanelana nezimiso uyinselele engapheliyo kumaqembu abambelele esizwe adla ngoludala emhlabeni wonke, futhi iJapane ayihlukile.

Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke Nokulondolozwa Kwamasiko

Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kudala ukungezwani phakathi kwesifiso sokulondoloza amasiko nesidingo esingokomnotho sokuhlanganyela ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke. Amaqembu anezimo ezihlangene asekela ukuhweba ngokukhululekile nokuhlangana kwezomnotho kuyilapho ngesikhathi esisodwa esekela ukuvikelwa kwempucuko. Lokhu kulinganisela kuba kubi kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjengezolimo, lapho imikhuba yokulima engokwesiko ingqubuzana khona nezivumelwano zezizwe zezohwebo, kanye nemithombo yezindaba, lapho izinto ezitholakala kwamanye amazwe ziphikisana khona nemikhiqizo yamasiko asekhaya.

Ama-devervara aveza ukulondolozwa kwamasiko ngokukhulayo njengohlobo lwamandla athambile. Isinyathelo esikhuthaza amasiko e-Japane namaqhinga amasiko angaphandle, sijabulela ukusekelwa okukhulu phakathi kwezindawo zezombangazwe. Lendlela ivumela abantu ababambelele emasikweni ukuba basekele izindinganiso ezingokwesiko kuyilapho bevumelana ngokuthembisana imbulunga yonke, siveza isiko laseJapane njengengxenye ekhethekile emhlabeni kunokuba libe isithiyo sokubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe.

Indima Yenkolo NobuShinto

Inkolo yobuShinto, yesizwe saseJapane, inendima engabonakali kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe ezisadla ngoludala. Nakuba iJapane ingathathi ngokomthetho, izazi zezombangazwe eziningi ezidla ngoludala zihlanganyela emikhubeni yobuShinto futhi zisekela ukulondoloza isiko lokuya eYasukuni Shrine, edumisa impi efile kanye nezigebengu zempi. Le mikhuba idida kakhulu, iveza ukugxekwa kwamazwe angomakhelwane anjengeChina ne-South Korea. Amaqembu abambelele ekuzikhuthakazelweni amasiko avikela lamasiko njengezibonakaliso ezingokwesiko kunokuba asekele inkolo, kodwa umehluko uvame ukubekwa ukwenziwa yizenzo.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezombangazwe ezisadla ngoludala nezinhlangano zenkolo, kuhlanganise namaqembu afunyaniswe amaShinto kanye nama-iflaged Soka Gakkai (asekela iqembu leKomeito), bunezela ubunkimbinkimbi. Lamaqembu asekela ithonya lemithetho, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zomkhaya nezemfundo. Ukuqonda lezi zinqumo kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi izindinganiso ezingokwesiko ziguqulela kanjani embusweni wezombangazwe.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo Nezimo Ezihlelekile

Inkolelo yamaqembu abambelele eqophelweni elivamile aseJapane ixhomeke ekhonweni lawo lokulawula ukuncipha kwenani labantu, ukushintsha kwezizukulwane, nokucindezela kwezizwe.

Ukushintsha Kwezomnotho Njengendawo Yokuvikela Ukuhlala Uqinile Komphakathi

Abanye abaholi abathatha indinganiso baphikisa ngokuthi ukuvumelana kwezomnotho kubalulekile ekulondolozeni izindinganiso ezingokwesiko. Basekela ukunqandwa komthetho, ukusungulwa, kanye nohwebo njengendlela yokudala ukuchuma okusekela imikhaya nemiphakathi. Lendlela, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-reformstrial compatism," ifuna ukwenza umnotho waseJapane ube ngowanamuhla ngaphandle kokulahla izisekelo zawo zezenhlalo. Ikhanga intsha efuna ukubeka phambili ekutholeni ithuba lezomnotho kuyilapho iqhubeka ingabaza ushintsho olungokwenhlalo.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Ezinhle Ezimpikiswaneni Zomphakathi

Amaqembu athanda ukulwa akhetha kakhulu ukuthi iziphi izindinganiso ezingokwesiko ezimelwe zivikelwe ngamandla. Izindaba ezinjengokubukezwa komthetho-sisekelo kanye nokulondeka kwesizwe zihlala zibalulekile, kuyilapho ukuma kwendima yobulili nenqubo yomkhaya kungase kuvele ngokuncitshiswa. Lokhu kushintsha kuvumela amalungu ukuba alondoloze ukubonakala kwawo kuyilapho egwema ukulimala okungathandwayo. Inselele ikhona ekunqumeni ukuthi iziphi izindinganiso ezibalulekile futhi iziphi ezingachazwa kabusha ukuze inkathi entsha.

Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izazi zezombangazwe ezisadla ngoludala manje zisekela omama abasebenzayo hhayi njengokushiya isiko kodwa njengokubonakaliswa okuthuthukisiwe kwezindinganiso zomkhaya. Ngokufanayo, ukuqashelwa okulinganiselwe kobuhlobo obufanayo bobulili ngezinye izikhathi kuvezwa njengendlela yokuqinisa izibopho zomkhaya kunokuba zizenze buthaka. Lokhu kushintsha okungacaci kuvumela abantu abathatha indiva ukuba basho ukuthi bayaqhubeka bephila ngesikhathi bevumelanisa nezimiso ezishintshayo.

Ukungalingani Kwenani Elivamile

Ngokulindelekile ukuncipha kwenani labantu eJapane kuyinselele ecindezela kakhulu yamaqembu abambelele eqophelweni elidala. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu zenqubo, izwe libhekene nekusasa lokuhlangana kwezomnotho futhi linciphe ithonya lembulunga yonke. Amaqonga agxila kakhulu ezimisweni zokubeletha, kuhlanganise nezisusa zezimali, ukusekela kwezindlu, nezinguquko emsebenzini eziklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukuzala. Lezinkambiso zihlelekile ukuze kuhlale kuhlala kunakho ukuphila kwesizwe kanye nokulondolozwa komkhaya. Uma lezi zinyathelo ziyoba zenza kube yinkinga esobala, kodwa zihlale zisezingeni eliphezulu lezindawo zezendlu ezifuna ikusasa elinokulinganisela.

Isiphetho

Izindinganiso zakudala ziyaqhubeka zinethonya elinamandla emaqenjini amaqembu ahlala ekhona amaJapane. Kusukela enkambisweni nasemfundweni kuya ekulondekeni kwesizwe nasekulondolozweni kwempucuko, lezizindinganiso zihlela kokubili ukuqamba nokubeka kuqala kwezimiso zeqembu njenge-LDP. Nokho, ukulondoloza i-altatism eJapane akuyona into ekhona. Izingcindezi eziqhubekayo zokuzivumelanisa noshintsho lwenani labantu, ukushintsha kwezizukulwane, nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Ikhono labo lokulawula lemibazwelo liyonquma ukuthi abazuzisi impumelelo yabo kuphela kodwa futhi nesiqondiso somphakathi waseJapane.

Kubantu abanesithakazelo kwezombangazwe zamaJapane, ukuqonda indima yezindinganiso ezingokwesiko kubalulekile. Lezizindinganiso zinikeza ilens yokuchaza izimpikiswano zemithetho, amasu akhethiwe, nokuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kokuqhubekela phambili noshintsho kwenye yemibuso ethotshiswe kakhulu yomhlaba. Njengoba iJapane iqhubeka iguqula, amaqembu abambelele emfundisweni ehlukile ahlala ekwazini ukuguqula indlela amasiko ayo alondolozwa ngayo, achazwa kabusha, noma aguqulwa ngayo esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuze ifunde ngokuqhubekayo, ingosi ye-'FLT' ye-Liberal Democratic Party inikeza amapulatifomu ezimiso amaningi. Ukuhlolwa kwezimiso okunjengalokho okukhishwe e Joyal of Japane Studies inikeza imibono ejulile engokwemibono engokwesiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibiko evela ku-[FLT:]NPIPon.NCOM[ inikeza ukushumayeza okufinyeza okufinyelisayo kwezelelwe esiNgisi ngezihloko zezombangazwe zomphakathi namazwe.