Ukuqonda Indima Yokukhetha Okuyinhloko Ekukhiqizeni Ukhetho Oluvamile Kuyaphumelela

Isimiso sokhetho saseMelika sincike enqubweni yebanga elithatha ama-steeter amabili: ukhetho oluyinhloko lokukhetha abameleli beqembu, lulandelwe ngokhetho oluvamile ukukhetha umphathi wesikhundla. Nakuba ukhetho oluvamile luthatha ukunakekela komphakathi okukhulu, okhetho oluyinhloko lunethonya elinamandla futhi ngokuvamile elidutshulwayo kothi ekugcineni ubani owinayo ngoNovember. Ukhetho oluyinhloko lunquma hhayi nje kuphela abazothatha isigaba esiphezulu kodwa futhi nesiqondiso semibono samaqembu amakhulu, izinga lentshiseko yevotime, kanye nemithombo ehleliwe ekhona emikhankambisweni. Kubafundi bezesayensi yezombangazwe neyamaprojekthi, ukuqonda okujulileyo ukuthi iprostationsss ibaluleke kangakanani ekuqondeni ngokugcwele kwentando yentando yeningi yaseMelika.

Okhetho oluyinhloko alusona nje isenzakalo esivamile; luyindawo yempi lapho amaqembu eqembu encintisana khona, lapho izinhlangano ezintsha zezombangazwe zingavela khona, nalapho isikhungo sezombangazwe singashintshwa khona. Ukukhetha okwenziwa iqembu labavoti abancane kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile abangameleki abayinhloko kungaba nemiphumela eguquguqukayo kukhetho oluvamile. Lesihloko sihlola ukuhlelwa kokhetho oluyinhloko, ithonya labo emiphumeleni yokukhetha, izibonelo ezingokomlando, kanye nezinselele eziza nalesigaba esiyinhloko sekhalenda lokhetho.

Yini Ekhethwa Kuqala?

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lungolwakuqala oluqhutshwa amaqembu ezombangazwe ukukhetha abazokhetha okhethweni oluvamile. Ngokungafani nokhetho oluvamile, oluvulekele bonke abavoti ababhalisiwe, izigelekeqe zigcinelwa amalungu eqembu noma kwezinye izifundazwe, ukuvota abakhetha ukuhlangana neqembu ngoSuku Lokhetho. Injongo eyinhloko iwukuvala umkhakha wokufuna ukuvota nokuhlola okuthandwayo kweqembu.

Ukhetho oluyinhloko alufani kulo lonke elase-United States. I-United States iye yamukela izifanekiso ezihlukene, ngayinye enemiphumela ehlukile yokukhetha nokuhlanganyela ekuvoti. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • I-Primerives ezivalekile: Kuphela amalungu eqembu abhalisiwe angavota esigabeni seqembu lawo esiyinhloko. Lesi simiso sikhuthaza ukwethembeka kweqembu futhi sivimbele "esiphambanweni" ukuvota", lapho amalungu eqembu elithile evota ngokuyinhloko kwelinye icala ukuze athonye ukuhlanganiswa komphikisi onamandla.
  • Open Prime: Abavoti ababhaliswe bangayivota kunoma yimuphi umkhakha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowaliphi iqembu. Lomklamo uvumela ukuba ungenele kakhulu kodwa ungaholela ekuvoteleni ngokusemthethweni, lapho abavoti bezama khona ukuphazamisa iqembu eliphikisayo.
  • SEMI-Primes ezivalekile: Abavoti abazimeleyo bavunyelwe ukukhetha ukuthi obani abazovota, kuyilapho amalungu eqembu elibhalisiwe kumelwe avote phakathi kweqembu lawo. Lesibonelo silinganisela ukuthulula kanye nobuqotho beqembu.
  • Phezulu-Izintsuku ezimbili: Bonke abavoti, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi idili, bavela ebhodini elilodwa eliyinhloko. Abavoti ababili abaphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iqembu, baqhubekela phambili kukhetho oluvamile. California noWashington basebenzisa lesi simiso, esingaphumela ekubeni ababili abazothatha isigaba esifanayo bancintisane ngoNovember.

Isimiso ngasinye simisa umnyunyana ngezindlela ezihlukene. Izindawo ezivalekile zithanda ukuba abazohlolwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi amalungu eqembu azinikezele kakhulu kuphela avota. Ukuvula nangaphezulu kwama-primete amabili kuvame ukuveza abavoti abalinganiselayo ngenxa yokudweba i-votential ebanzi.

Indima Yokukhetha Okuyinhloko Enqubweni Yombukwane

Okhetho oluyinhloko lufeza imisebenzi eminingi ebucayi ngaphandle kokumane bakhethe umnyunzi. Basebenza njengesehluzo esisefweni esihlola abazohlolwa, babaphoqelela ukuba bachaze izikhundla zezimiso, futhi bakhe izakhiwo ezidingekayo zokhetho oluvamile.

  • Ukuveza iPharty Preference: Izinhlu zezindaba zembula izinto eziza kuqala ezisezisekelweni zomphini. Abaphumelele kakhulu ezingeni eliphezulu yilabo abamelela kangcono ukuthambekela kwemibono kwamanje kweqembu labo, okungasukela ekufuneni ukuthatha i-centrulism kuya ekuqhutshekeni kwe-Propulism.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isivumelwano sobuvoter: Izenzo zobugebengu zinganika abavoti amandla ekuqaleni komjikelezo wokhetho, kwakha umuzwa wokuba abenikazi ku-minee. Ukuthatha okukhulu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa nokukhetha okuphezulu, njengabavoti abahlanganyela entwasahlobo babuyela ezinhlwini ngoNovember.
  • Ukusho iPlatform for Policy Decation: Abathuthi baphoqelela ukuba bazihlukanise ezindabeni ezithinta isigaba. Lokhu kungaholela ezingxoxweni eziphansi zezimiso futhi kusize abavoti baqonde uhlu lwezinketho ezikhona.
  • Umkhankaso wokwakha: Phakathi nezindawo eziphezulu, amaqembu omkhankaso ahlanganisa amaqembu, asungula iziteshi zokuqoqa imali, futhi amise imisebenzi yokulungisa izimpande zotshani. Umkhankaso onamandla ushiya umkhankaso oqinile ekugcineni ngomshini wenhlangano olungele ukuthunyelwa ekukhetheni.
  • Ukuhlanganisa iPhartio Divisions: Izenzo zobugebengu zidalula amaqembu angaphakathi eqembu. Indlela abafuna ukubhapathizwa abasingatha ngayo lokhu kuhlukana − noma ngabe ngokuhlanganisa iqembu noma ngokuqeda ukucindezeleka, /-accel iyakwazi ukunquma amandla eqembu eliphokophele ekukhetheni.

Umphumela Wokhetho Oluyinhloko Eziphumeleni Zokukhethwa Okuvamile

Ithonya lokhetho oluyinhloko emiphumeleni yokukhetha liningi. Ithonya lenkathi yokuqala lingamisa umnyukeli ukuba aphumelele noma ahlulele ngaphambi kokuba umkhankaso udlale. Izici eziyinhloko zihlanganisa amandla afuna ukuvota, ubunye beqembu, umvoti, ukuhlanganisa imithombo yezindaba, kanye nokuma kwemibono kommine.

I - candidete Momentum Ne - media Shooge

Ikhono elinamandla lokusebenza ezindlini eziqalayo kanye nasezintweni ezilula lingadala umphumela "we-Banwagon," lapho ukunaka kwemithombo yezindaba kanye nokugeleza kwemali ebhekiswe phambili. Lo mandla angathwala umbhexeshi phakathi nenkathi eyinhloko futhi kukhethwe khona. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2020, uJoe Biden ujuqulo oluwujuqu wawina eSouth Carolina e-otask ngemva kokuqeda kwakhe okumpofu e-Iowa, New Hampshire, naseNevada. Lokho kunqoba kungabangela igagasi lokuncomela imvume elinganiselwe, ekugcineni kwaholela ekuvotisini esiseDemocratic nothi ngasekupheleni kwe-Pucester.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umncintiswano othatha isikhathi eside nobuhlungu ungalimaza ukuhlasela ekugcineni ngokuveza ubuthakathaka, ukudalula izici ezingezinhle zomuntu siqu, nokushiya ozohlolwa ephelelwe ngokwezimali. Ngo-2016, iRepublica yayinde kakhulu futhi ithanda ukuxabana, uDonald Trump ebhekene nokuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo okuvela kubaphikisi abanjengoTed Cruz noMarco Rubio. Nakuba ekugcineni uTrump awina ukukhishwa kwezitho zomfazane, impi enkulu ephikisa naye ngaphakathi kweqembu, futhi amanxeba athatha isikhathi eside ukuba alula.

Ubunye Beqembu Nokuhlukana Ngezenzo

Izenzo zobugebengu zingahlanganisa iqembu noma zijulise izigodi ezikhona. Ukuhlanganisa ngokuyinhloko . laha leliqembu lishesha ukuthumela umyalezo wamandla kulowo ozokhethwa. Ngokuphambene, i-apartio enkulu ehlukanisayo ingadala "impi ye-cinol" phakathi kweqembu, abasekeli bokulahlekelwa abazobhapathizwa bezizwa behlukanisiwe futhi bengasenamathuba okuvotela i-cominee.

Izibonelo ezingokomlando zibonisa lokhu. Ngo-1968, iDemocratic eyinhloko phakathi kuka-Eugene McCarty, uRobert F Kennedy, noHubert Humphrey baphula iqembu ngebanga lokulwa nempi. Iqembu lagcina lingena emgoqweni wempi. Isigaba esijulile sabanguMongameli uHumphrey, uMongameli uHumphrey, asizange sincintisane kunoma yisiphi isigaba (wangenela emncintiswaneni ngemva kokubulawa kukaKennedy nomhlangano) futhi sabonwa njengeqembu ngaphakathi. Iqembu elijulile labaxhasi baseSandhel lanikela ekuvukeleleni i-Demon National Convention eChicagon futhi ekugcineni lasiza uRichan Nixon uwing. Ngokungafani, ngo-2016, iDecrancran yahlangana kakhulu ngemva kokulwa kwe-Clievanieva noMerners Sanderne, nakuba line abanye abaxhasi bebaculile.

I - Voter Turrout Nentshiseko

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lungabangela intshiseko ehambisana nokhetho oluvamile. Imincintiswano ephambili ephakeme kanye nabavoti abaphoqelelwa ivame ukudonsa abavoti abasha kulenqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso oyinhloko ka-2008 uBarack Obama wahlanganisa inani elingokomlando labasha nabavoti bokuqala, abaningi babo ababelokhu beboshelwe ngokhetho oluvamile futhi bamsiza ukuba avikele ukunqoba okuphelele. Ngokufanayo, intshiseko yotshani ephumayo kaDonaldnald Trump ngo2016 yadonsela izigidi zabavoti abashayo eRiphablikian, futhi abaningi balabo abavoti baphendukela kuye ekukhetheni okuvamile.

Nokho, isikhala esiphansi singaveza umnyundeli ohluleka ukuphehla imvume yokukhetha i-produrate. Ezingeni eliphakathi kwama-primtary, ngokuvamile iphansi kakhulu cishe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-20 okuvota okufanelekile (ngokusho ukuthi isiqeshana, esingakhonjwanga esikhetha umnyunyana. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhetheni umxhasi onxusa umshisekeli weqembu kodwa oweqisa kakhulu kulowo mphathi jikelele. Ucwaningo oluningana lubonise ukuthi abavoti abasuka ekuphumeni kwe-partrale bathambekele ekukhetheni ngokweqile futhi bangazama ukuwina abavoti abavoti beqembu.

Ukubeka iNdawo: "I-Primeary Shift"

Enye yezindlela eziphawuleka kakhulu ezithonya ukhetho oluvamile ingokwenza izikhundla zemibono. Abangenisi bezindawo eziphezulu ngokuvamile kudingeka banxuse amalungu ashisekayo avotayo eprimetics (ngokuvamile avumela (ku-Democrates) noma abambelele kakhulu (ku-Riphabliki) kunomvoti ovamile. Laba abagqugquzeli abanamandla ukuba bathathe izimo ezingaphezulu kakhulu noma ezingokwemibono engcono kakhulu kunalezo ezingcono kakhulu ekukhetheni.

Lento ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ukunikeza iziphakamiso" noma "ukuvuselelwa kwe-polarsure". Abantu ababhekene nenselele enkulu ababhekene nempi ekude yeqembu labo ngokuvamile balungisa amarekhodi abo okuvota kanye nokukhuluma ukuze bagweme ukunqotshwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungadonsela wonke umcimbi ekudluleni ngokweqisayo, kukwenze kube nzima kakhulu ukuba iqembu linqobe ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe noma eziguquguqukayo. Ukucwaninga kososayensi bezombangazwe abanjengoDavid Brady, John Ferejohn, noBrandice Canes-Wone kuye kwabonisa ukuthi abanamathelela kakhulu engqondo bathambekele ekufezeni okukhulu kakhulu enkonzweni kokhetho, kodwa usongo lwenselele yenselele evame ukuguqula ukuziphatha.

Kwezinye izimo, ukushintsha kungaba okuphawulekayo kangangokuba umvoti oyinhloko ukhetha umuntu okhetha ukuhlukanisa kakhulu isizwe, kanjalo enze ukhetho oluvamile lube olunciphisanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2010 nango 2012, amathengi amaningi e-Tea Partigan awina iRiphablikian primery kodwa alahlekelwa ukuphumelela kwezinhlanga ezivamile ngoba izikhundla zawo zazikude kakhulu ukuba abavoti abavamile baphumelele. Ngokuphambene, abafuni abalinganiselayo abasindayo enseleni eyinhloko ngaphandle kokuya ephethe ephethelweni lokuqonda bangaphumelela ngoNovember.

Izibonelo Ezingokomlando Zethonya Eliyinhloko Ekwamukelweni Kwabantu Abaningi

Imikhosi Yezomthetho Ebusa Ngentando Yeningi Ka - 1968 Nokuwa KweQembu

Ukhetho lukamongameli luka-1968 luyizibonelo ezicacile zendlela iziyaluyalu eziyinhloko ezingabumba ngayo umphumela wokhetho oluvamile. UMongameli uLyndon B. Johnson wabhekana nenselele enamandla yokulwa nempi evela kuSenator Eugene McCartyy futhi kamuva uSenator Robert F. Kennedy. Ngemva kokuba uJohnson ephumile emncintiswaneni, amaPrigrandritive aba impi phakathi kukaKennedy, McCArty, noMongameli uHubertphey (ongancintisananga ePrini kodwa ababethembele eqenjini ngaphakathi kweqembu). Ukubulala kukaKennedy kwashiya iqembu lise isiphithiphithi sesiphithiphithi. I-Democratic National Convention eChicagon yaphawulwa ngemist neqembu elihlukene kakhulu. Humphrey wawina i-Prison empey.

Izikhulu Zombuso Wentando Yeningi Zango - 2008: Ukuthuthukisa Isivumelwano Esisha

Ngo-2008, iDemocratic ephambili phakathi kukaBarack Obama noHillary Clinton yayingomunye wemibhoshongo encintisana kakhulu nenamanqananda amakhulu emlandweni. Bobabili abavoti bachitha amarekhodi futhi bakhipha izigidi zabavoti abasha. Ukunqoba kuka-Ouma e-Iowacuuses kanye nokuziqinisa kwakhe phakathi nenkathi yokuqala yenkathi yenkathi kwamenza wakwazi ukwakha izimpande zotshani ezinamandla kakhulu. Wabuye wamisa njengemsunguli woshintsho, olwahambisana nengqungquthela ebanzi yabashayeli abasha, amaMelika aseAfrika, nabazimele. Lo mkhosi wahamba nokhetho, lapho u-Obama anqoba khona uJohn McCain. Inqubo eyinhloko eyayingakhethwa kuphela ukuba athole nothi nothi nothingango kodwa futhi yakha nenjwayeko oluqinile ngoNovember.

Ukukhethwa Okuvamile Kwango - 2016: Izigebengu Ezinhlangothini Zombili

Ukhetho luka 2016 lubonisa indlela izigebengu ezingaveza ngayo iziqu ezizimele nhlangothi zombili. Ohlangothini lweRepublican, uDonald Trump wasebenzisa isisekelo esiqotho sabavoti abazizwa benganakwa. Isimo sakhe sobudlova kanye nezikhundla ezizimele zanxusa leliqembu, futhi wawina inselele ngemva kokunqoba insimu egcwele abantu abaningi abahlala eRepublican. Nakuba ekuqaleni wanikezwa ithuba elincane lokuwina ukhetho oluvamile, umkhankaso wakhe oyinhloko wakha icebo elaphenduka ngamandla ezifundeni eziyinhloko, kuhlanganise nePennsylvania, iMichigan, ne-Wiscopenia. Odemocralian Clian yabhekana nenseleleko eqinile ku-Bernide, eyasiza inseleleka ngisho nakube esabani entuthule. I-Democratic Floridan.

Izinselele Nokugxeka Okuthandwa Abantu Abayinhloko

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwabo, okhetho oluyinhloko lungagxekwa kakhulu izikhathi eziningana. Njengendlela yokungena okhethweni oluvamile, noma imaphi amaphutha enqubweni eyinhloko angaphazamisa ukumelelwa kwentando yeningi.

  • Ukonakalisa nongameleli we-FLT : Ukhetho oluyinhloko lunendawo ephansi ngokungaguquki, ngokuvamile cishe ku-10-30% yabavoti abafanelekayo phakathi kwemijikelezo. Labo abavotayo bavame ukubopheka kakhulu kwezombangazwe, abadala, futhi abeqisa kakhulu kunabantu abavamile beqembu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-FLT, engakhombanga esilinganisweni esingaphansi kweqembu liyakhetha i-unfene. Ucwaningo lwe-Pew Research Center luthole ukuthi i-poputootar ngokuvamile ihlelwe ngokwemibono ephawulekayo kune-volukhulu, okungaholela ekutheni amalungu athathani amalungu avamile athatha indawo ebanzi noma isimo sesizwe.
  • Ukuncishiswa kwemali neZithakazelo Ezikhethekile: Imikhankaso ephambili ingabiza njengemikhankaso yokukhetha evamile, ikakhulukazi izihlalo eziphakeme ze-profile. Amalungu avame ukuthembela kwabanikeleyo abacebile, amakomiti ezemisebenzi yezombangazwe, namaqembu azimeleyo emali. Lokhu kuthuthwa kwemali kungakhulisa amazwi abacebile ngezindleko zabavoti abavamile. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi abawinayo ngenxa yokusekela kwezimali bangase babhekwe yilabo abanikeli, hhayi emakhonweni abo. Ukufakwa kwezentengiselwano yezentengo yezentengo emali ehhhotela ingavimbela futhi izinselele ezinamandla zabacebile ezinswelayo.
  • Ukuguqula i-Pronum] kanye no-Rise of Extremism: Ithonya lokhetho oluyinhloko lingaba nengxenye ekuncipheni kwezombangazwe. Ngoba amaPrincile avame ukunqunywa abashisekeli kakhulu nabavoti bemibono, abafuna ukuthatha izimo eziqinile ukuze banqobe. Lokhu "ukucindezela komqala" kungasusa amaqembu phakathi phakathi, kwenza ukuhlehla kuhulumeni kube nzima kakhulu futhi kuthathwe ngokwezimo ezivamile. Okunye ukucwaninga kusikisela ukuthi ukusungulwa kwezindawo eziqondile ezithathelwa phambili ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, kuyilapho kuhloselwe ukuveza ukukhethwa komdlanga, kungenzeka ukuthi kungabangela ukuphakama kwesigaba sokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ngokususa abaholi abaholi abakhethwe ngaphambili.
  • I-Campaniting and Personal Attacks: Izenzo zobugebengu zingaba ezimanyunyu, njengalokho abavoti abafanayo bahlaselana ukuze bazuze abavoti abafanayo. Lokhu kuhlasela kunganikeza iqembu eliphikisanayo ekukhetheni. Izikhangiso zokuhlasela kanye nokukhuluma okuhlukanisayo ezingenisweni kungabuye kunciphe umvoli wevoti, ikakhulukazi labo abasekela umnqobi olahlekelwayo futhi bazizwe bengafuni ukusekela umnqobi.

Izinguquko Nezindlela Ezihlukile Zesimiso Sanamuhla Esiyinhloko

Umgomo walezi zinguquko uwukwenza izingeniso zibe abameleli, unciphise ukuhlukana okukhulu, futhi ukhiqize ohulumeni abangawina okhethweni oluvamile.

  • Izindawo ezimbili-Ophezulu ne-Top-Four Primitary: Njengoba kushiwo, amasuntswana amabili aphezulu avumela bonke abazobhapathizwa ukuba bahambe ngebhola elilodwa, neziqeshana ezimbili eziphezulu eziqhubekela phambili kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigaba sinjani. Lesimiso siye sasetshenziswa eCalifornia nase Washington. Abaxhasi baphikisana ngokuthi abamele ukunxusa ngoba kumelwe banxuse abavoti ababanzi, hhayi nje amaqembu athembekile. Abagxeki bakhathazeka ngokuthi singaholela kubantu ababili abathatha isigaba esisodwa ngaphandle, bacishe kahle amaqembu amancane. Ukuhlukahlukahlukana, okuphezulu-ne okuyinhloko okusetshenziswa e-Alaska, amaphambane okuvota okuvamile.
  • I-Choice Voting in Priming: Ezinye izifundazwe zisebenzisa izibalo zokuvota (RCV) kokhetho oluyinhloko, zivumela abavoti ukuba bafake izigaba ngokulandelana kwentando. Uma kungekho mvoti othola iningi, umvoti wokugcina wendawo ukhishwe futhi amavoti abo akhishwe kuze kufike othile omkhulu. RCV angakhuthaza abazokucela ukwakha imifela-msekelo ebanzi futhi banciphise imikhankaso ephambene, njengoba abazocela ukuvota kweyesi yesibili kubasekeli bempi.
  • Ivula ama-Prigrim kanye ne-Nonpartisan Primitary: Ukuvula iziqalo kubavoti abazimele kungalinganisela futhi lenqubo. Ezimweni ezinezipringi ezivulekile, abafuna ukunxusa kumelwe banxuse izilaleli ezibanzi, kuhlanganise nezizimele, ezingazidonsela esikhungweni. Abanye abashisekeli bezinguquko abatholanga mithetho ehlukene, lapho bonke abavotelelwayo behlelwa ngaphandle kwezimpawu zeqembu, ukuqhubekela phambili ekunciphiseni i-parpix.
  • Ukwanda kwe-Preming Voter Turnout: Imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuvela kwabangasese ihlanganisa ukunyakazisa izinsuku zokuqala ukuze kubonakale, ukuvumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye, nokuhambisa iposi ngaphakathi noma ekuvoteni nge-inthanethi. Uma abantu abaningi bevota, abavoti abakhi bokhetho baba yi-galelo elikhulu, futhi abakhi bomjaho bathambekele kakhulu ekubonakaliseni iqembu eligcwele kunasephikweni nje lokushisekela.
  • Inguquko yezemali: Ukulinganisela indima yemali eprimpring] ngemikhankaso exhaswa obala noma izimfuneko eziqinile zokuthulula izimali ezishicilelwe obala.] Abanye bahlongoza izimiso ezihambelanayo ezikhulisa amazwi abantu abavoti abavamile.

Isiphetho: Ithonya Eliphikelelayo Labahlali Bomthetho Lokukhetha Okuvamile

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lungaphezu nje kwesinyathelo sokuqala; lungamandla anqumayo ekulolongeni abazobhapathizwa, imifelandawonye, nezikhundla zezimiso ezichaza ukhetho oluvamile. Kusukela ekuphumeleleni okuncane e-Iowa kuya ekumisweni kwemibono okuphoqelelwe yindawo egcwele, zonke izici zenqubo eyinhloko zibonakala ngaphandle ukuze zithinte ukuthi ubani owina ngoNovemba. Ukuhlolwa konyaka ka-1968, 2008, no-2016 kubonisa ukuthi amaPrimenti angakha isisekelo sokunqoba noma ukuvuleka kweqembu elingalungiseki. Njengoba i-United States iqhubeka ilwa impikiswano yokuhlanganisa i-polantimential, ukuvota, ukuvota, nokumeleka, ukuqonda ithonya lokhetho oluyinhloko lokuvota ngokhetho oluvamile kubalulekayo noma ukufundisa noma isimiso sezombangazwe saseMelika.

Othisha bangasebenzisa lolulwazi ukuze basize abafundi babheke phambili ezihlokoni zokhetho futhi baqaphele ukuthi umncintiswano wangempela ngokuvamile uqala ezinyangeni ezidlule, ezingeni eliphansi. Ngokuhlola izinqubo, izibonelo ezingokomlando, nezithiyo ezihlongozwayo, sithola umbono ocacile wendlela ukukhetha okwenziwa ngayo ekulolo khetho olusentwasahlobo esibhekene nalo ngoNovember. Ikusasa lentando yeningi yaseMelika lingase lixhomeke kakhulu endleleni esikhetha ngayo ukwenza lokhetho lwaseminyango.