Imiphumela Ye - Ripple: Indlela Inqubo Yamazwe Angaphandle Yase - Australia Ewaguqula Ngayo Amalungelo Ababaleki Ngaphesheya Kweziqhingi ZasePacific

I-Australia indawo ezungezile kanye nobunzima bezomnotho kuyibangela ukuba ibe yindawo elawulayo ePacific. Izinqumo zayo zezimiso zakwamanye amazwe mayelana nokulawula umngcele kanye nokulawula isikhoselo − zinemiphumela emikhulu, ngokuvamile engahlosiwe, engcono kakhulu elungelweni elingokomthetho nenhlalakahle yababaleki nabafuni bezindawo zokukhosela ezisezizweni zasePacific Island. Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, i-Australia iye yakwazi ukuvimbela ukufuduka kwayo komakhelwane abanjengoNauru, Papua New Guinea (PNG), neTuvalu, idala ulwembu oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezentelezi zincwadi, izinselele zomphakathi. Ukuqonda lokhu kudinga ukuhlola izimpande ezingoko kusondela kwe-Australia, imiphumela engokomhlaba, kanye nokusabela komphakathi okungathinta isivikelo se-Pacific.

Ekujuleni kwayo, ukuhlangana kwesimiso sangaphandle sase-Australia namalungelo ababaleki ePacific Island kuyindaba kagesi owenziwe nge-asymmet. Iziqhingi zasePacific, nakuba amazwe azimele, zisebenza phakathi neqiniso lezezombangazwe elithonywe kakhulu usizo lwe-Australia, ezohwebo, nokulondeka. Uma iCanberra ishintsha isimo sayo esiqondenenni eqinile, noma imigwaqo ekhuliswe kakhulu yokusiza abantu, ithonya elithinta hhayi abantu abavalelwe ngokuqondile kuphela kodwa futhi nezakhiwo zezenhlalo ezibanzi zamazwe akhona.

Isisekelo Somlando: Ukuhluleka Ukuzigcina Kungekho Ogwini

Isimiso sokwakha sanamuhla senqubo yababaleki base-Pacific e-Australia singalandelelwa ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-1990 nasekuqaleni kwawo-20000, lapho inani labafuna isikhoselo elifika ngesikebhe likhula. Ukuphendula, i-Australia yaletha “Pacific Public Solution” ngaphansi koNdunankulu uJohn Howard, ivimbela imikhumbi olwandle futhi idlulisa abagibeli bayo ezikhungweni zokuvalelwa eNauru naseManus Island (Papua New Guinea). Lelicebo lihlose ukuvimbela ukufika kwesikhathi esizayo ngokususa noma isiphi isisusa isisusa sokuthatha uhambo oluyingozi lwasolwandle, kodwa lasusa ngokuphumelelayo izibophophophozo ezingokomthetho zase-Australia ngaphansi koMhlanganweni wobuholi ka-19559 walabo ababeboshwe ezindaweni eziseholweni.

Phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka alandela, isimiso sashintsha kodwa sagcina indlela yaso eqinile yokulinganisela. yagcina isici esihlala njalo sezikhungo zokulungisa imikhumbi yolwandle ezisebenza ngokuthunyelwa kwabantu eAustralia, naphezu kobufakazi obuyandayo bokulimala. Ohulumeni base-Australia abaphumelelayo (zombili i-Lorth and Coalition) baqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zazidingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukufa olwandle futhi zivikele imingcele yesizwe. Nokho, kuhlanganise neUnited Nations Human Rights Committee, yagxeka ngokuphindaphindiwe izimo, ukukhomba iziboshwa okungenasizathu, ukuswela kokwelashwa okungaphelele, kanye nezingakhokhwa ezingokwengqondo zokubulala imingcele yezwe.

2013 I-Regional Renation Acation phakathi kwe-Australia ne-PNG ilungiselelo elithé ukuqina, lisho ukuthi noma imuphi umfuni wesikhoselo othunyelwe eManus Island angathunyelwa lapho futhi anikwe isimo sababaleki futhi abuyiselwe ekhaya. Lokhu kwenze i-PNG yaba ummemi waphakade wababaleki base-Australia enqaba ukwamukela. Isivumelwano esifanayo ne-Nauru salandela, kwakha isimiso esifanayo lapho ababaleki babengena khona isivikelo esifana ne-Australia ababengasijabulela khona.

Ngobubanzi besikhathi sale ntuthuko, i-Refugee Council yase-Australia inikeza ukufinyelelwa okufinyelelekayo kwezinga le-Pacific Solution kanye nomongo wezombangazwe owayisekela.

Izindleko Zesintu: Ukuphulwa Kwamalungelo Nemithwalo Yesifunda

Ukulinganiselwa Kokuvikelwa Ngokomthetho Nenqubo Efanele

Enye yemiphumela eqondile yenqubo yase-Australia kubabaleki ePacific, ukuncishiswa kokufinyelela ezinqubweni ezingokomthetho. Abafuni be-Asylmu bashintshelwa eNauru noma eManus Island babhekene nesimiso se-labyrinthine lapho babengenathuba lokunikeza izimfuno zabo ngokwabo. Usizo olungokomthetho lwaluyivela kancane, futhi izinkantolo zase-Australia zazingenagunya elilawula izakhiwo ezikude nolwandle. Umphumela waba yisimiso [[FLT: 0] Ilungelo lamaHuman Rights Watch, eshiye abantu ezindaweni ezimpungame ngokusemthethweni .Nkangahlulwa ngokuphelele ngaphansi komthetho wase-Australia futhi zazingaqinisekisiwe isivikelo sezwe eliphethe indawo.

Ababaleki abaningi bachitha iminyaka beboshiwe ngaphandle kokuzimisela kwabo kokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhiwo zikahulumeni zahluleka ukusingatha izikhangiso, okwabangela ukulibala okuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngisho nangemva kokuqashelwa njengababaleki ngaphansi koMhlangano wango 1951, abantu babevaleleka njalo ngenxa yokuthi ukukhetha kwendawo yasekhaya kwakukuncane noma kungabikho . INkantolo Ephakeme ye-PNG ekugcineni yamemezela isikhungo sokuvalelwa kweziboshwa seManus Island singabikho e-2016, ifaka umthetho wokuba inqanyulwe, kodwa lokhu kwaholela ekuthunyekisweni okunesiphithiphithiphithi kwezindawo ezihlala khona ezingekho izinkonzo eziyisisekelo [[FLT] esikhona iminyaka eminingi.

Imiphumela Engokomzimba Nengokwengqondo

Izimo ezingaphakathi kwezikhungo ezikude nogu ziye zabhalwa kahle ochwepheshe bezokwelapha nezintatheli. Umthetho wokuzitika ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kwezindawo zomuntu siqu, ukukhucululwa kwendle, nokungatholakali ngokwanele kwempilo eqeqeshiwe kwabangela inkinga yempilo yengqondo. Imibiko evela e-Australian Medical Association iphawule amazinga aphakeme okucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka kwangemva, kanye nokuzihlukanisa phakathi kwababambekile. Ukuhlukaniswa komkhaya, ukusekelwa okungokomthetho, nomphakathi omkhulu wandisa lemiphumela.

ENauru, ukubukezwa kukahulumeni wase-Australia okusungulwe ngo-2018 (i- “Moss Review”) kwathola ukuthi izingane ezivalelwe ziboniswe“izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezingapheli,” kuhlanganise nokuzingela. Naphezu kwalokhu kutholwa, i-Australia yaqhubeka idlulisa imikhaya kulesi siqhingi kwaze kwaba ngu-2019, lapho ingane yokugcina isuswa ngaphansi kokucindezela komhlaba wonke. Kubantu abadala, inani elingokwengqondo laqhubeka: abaningi abakhululwa ekuboshweni eNauru bahlala bekhungatheki kakhulu, bengenandlela yokunikeza iseluleko noma izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa umphakathi.

Inkinga yezempilo yawela kakhulu emazweni ayehlala kuwo. Izakhiwo ezincane zikaNauru nezimiso zempilo ezilinganiselwe zamiswa ukuze kunikezwe uhlinza, ukubeletha, nezinkonzo eziphuthumayo kubantu ababaleki ngezinye izikhathi ababebancane kunabantu bendawo. iAustralia yanikeza imali engokwezimali, kodwa abagxeki bathi akwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zeqembu elihlukumezekile.

Ukuhlukumeza Izizwe Eziphethwe Izenhlalo Nezombangazwe

Isimiso sakwamanye amazwe asithintanga ababaleki ngabanye kuphela kodwa futhi saguqula isimo sezezombangazwe nesezenhlalo sezifunda ze-Pacific Island. Ukwamukela izikhungo zejele lase-Australia kwaletha usizo lwezimali kanye nokunaka kwezizwe zonke, kodwa futhi kwathola ukugxekwa kwezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu nemiphakathi yendawo ehluzekile. O-Nauru, ukuthutheleka kwezisebenzi zakwamanye amazwe (abaqaphi, abaphathi, abahumushi) kwaguqula isimo sezomnotho sendawo futhi kwabangela izingxabano nezakhamuzi ezazinomuzwa wokuthi izinkonzo zazo zomphakathi zazibekwa phambili kwabathunjwa. E-PNG, isikhungo seManus Island saba indawo yokulwa, kanye nabaphathi bezindawo zomphakathi ababuza ukuphakama kwezindawo zokugcinwa kwezindawo ezisebenza kwamanye amazwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivumelwano ezibophele ohulumeni ababoshiwe ezimisweni ababengenawo amandla okuziguqula. I-Nauru ne-PNG zazingenakukwazi ukukhulula abathunjwa noma ukushintsha izinqubo ngaphandle kokufaka engozini ukuwohloka kobuhlobo ne-Canberra. Lokhu kuncika kwalinganisela ikhono labo lokusekela izindinganiso zamalungelo abantu ababengase bamukele. INhlangano ye-United Nations Special Rapporteur emalungelweni abantu abafudukayo, embikweni [[FLT:] 2017], wachaza ukuqhubekela kolwandle lwase-Australia njengesephula izivumelwano eziningi zezizwe, kuhlanganise ne-Convention Against Torgue, futhi waphawula ukuthi izimemezelo zaziyikhomba ukuviswa kwalokhu bugebengu.

Intuthuko Yamuva: Ingabe Kushintsha Imimoya Noma Ibhizinisi Njengomuntu Ovamile?

Imbobo Yesiqhingi SaseManus Nemfundiso Yemvelo YaseNauru

Inguquko ephawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva yayiwukuvalwa kwejele leManus Island ngo-2017, kulandela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-PNG. Ababaleki bathuthelwa ezikhungweni zokuthutha futhi kamuva bayiswa ezikhungweni zokuhlala e-Port Moresby, kodwa izimo zasala zingalondekile. Abaningi babengenamakhaya, ukudla okungenayo, nezinsongo zobudlova zezakhamuzi zendawo ezazihlangene nobugebengu. Ngo-2022, i-Australia yaphinde yahlela inani elincane lalababaleki e-United States ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokufaniswa kwezindawo, kodwa amakhulu ehlala e-PNG ngezikhathi ezingefaniyo. Okwamanje, isikhungo sokuvalelwa kweziboshwa saseNauru sasuka endaweni enkulu eyakhiwe kuyo, inamanani ancipha ngemva kokuthunyelwa kwesifunda ngo-Australia, kodwa imibiko yasala ikhona, futhi yaphuma abantu ngabanye eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuba ikhona.

Ngo-2021, uhulumeni wase-Australia wamemezela ukuthi ngeke usasebenzisa ukulungiswa kogu lwemikhumbi efikayo, ukuvuma ngokuphumelelayo ukuthi lesimiso sihlulekile ukuvimbela ukushushumbisa ukusebenza kwemikhumbi ($inani lezikebhe liye lacishe lasondela ku-0 kusukela ngo-2014, hhayi ngenxa yokunqanda, kodwa ngenxa yemiphetho yempi yempi enzima nezivumelwano ze-bitenateal ne-Indonesia. Nokho lesi simemezelo asizange sixazulule ngokushesha ishwa lalabo abasenauru noma e-PNG. i-liglobo algno[FLT] ngalabo bantu] baqhubeka, ngezindlela ezilinganiselwe zokuhamba nge-injini.

Ingabe Ukubambisana Kwesifunda Okuthuthukisiwe Noma Ukuncika Okuqiniswe?

I-Australia iye yahlela ngokuqhubekayo ukuhlanganiswa kwayo iPacific nge-lens yokulondeka kwesifunda nentuthuko. UDeclaration neziqiwi zePacific Forum ezalandela zagcizelela ukubopha isibopho sokuphatha izindawo ezihlukene. Ngokwesiko, lokhu kwasho ukuxhasa kwe-Australia ukugadelwa kwezindawo zomngcele nezinhlelo zokhuseleko eFiji, i-PNG, neSolomon Islands, ngokuvamile kuthetheleleka njengokulwisana nokushushukiswa kwabantu nobugebengu obunganqamukiyo. Nakuba lemizamo yayinemigomo engokomthetho, yagcizelela nomqondo wokuthi ababaleki nabafuni bezindawo zokulondoloza izindawo babewusongo lokulawulwa ngokuyinhloko, kunokuba izinhlelo zokhuseleko ezifanele amalungelo abantu.

Ngohlangothi oluhle, i-Australia iye yandisa imvume yayo yokuthola inhlalakahle yabafuduki basePacific Islands abafudusiwe ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu (i- i-Pacificial Australia Labour Monility (PALM]) nohlelo [[FLM:1] ne-[FLT]Pacificial Transation Visament [ Impication [] ivule iziteshishi ezihlala njalo zezindawo zezakhamuzi zamazwe asePacific. Nokho, lezinhlelo zisusa ngokuqondile ababaleki emazweni angewona akhathelekayo ngenxa yemithetho yase-Australia. Ukungantenga okusobala: umuntu obalekelayo e-Afghanistan owavalelwa eduze nase-Narurru zibekwe ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu ze-Stocka.

Ukucindezela Kwamazwe Namampikiswano Ezinguquko Zasekhaya

Ukugxekwa kweZizwe Ezihlangene, i - European Union, namalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke kuye kwakhula kancane kancane. Ngo-2023, iNkantolo Yobulungisa Yezizwe Zonke (ngemibono egunyaziwe) neKomiti Yamalungelo Abantu yeUN yakhipha imiphumela yokuthi i-Australia yazephula izibopho zayo ngaphansi kweSivumelwano seZizwe Ezihlangene samaLungu nawamaProtilitiki ngokuhluleka ukunikeza amakhambi aphumelelayo kubantu abavalelwe ezindaweni zolwandle. Naphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wase-Australia uye wamelana neziphakamiso zenkokhelo futhi awuzange uphinde uyidlulise isithembiso sokubuyisela izintela ezibaleki ezihlala ekhaya.

Phakathi kwe-Australia, umbono womphakathi uye washintsha kancane kancane. Izinhlangano zezempathila ezinjenge- Kaldor Centre for International Refugeefuge Law ziye zaqhubezela ukushintshwa kwemithetho, ziphikisa ngokuthi ukuqhubekela ngaphesheya kolwandle akusebenzi futhi akunabuzwe. Amanye amalungu ePhalamende asuka eMpalethini wezisebenzi naseGreenland aye abiza isiphelo senkambiso, kodwa iLiberal-National nengxenye ye-ORCCcaucus asele ibophekile ukugcina isakhiwo uma kuqhubeka ukufuduka okungajwayelekile. Njengomphumela, akukho shintsho olukhulu oluye luseduze, lushiye ababaleki bePacific behleli behleli behleli.

Umbono Wekusasa: Ingabe Uzolandela Umthetho WePacific Owenqaba Kakhulu Amalungelo Abantu?

Ukuphinde Uhlale Kuyisihluthulelo Sempi

Isidingo esishesha kakhulu sokusiza abantu yisibalo sababaleki abasovaleleke eNauru nase-PNG. I-United States ivumile ukwamukela abanye ngaphansi kwelungiselelo lokushintshana, kodwa amanani mancane. INew Zealand iye yathembisa ukuthatha ababaleki abangu-1050 ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2013, kodwa i-Australia iye yavala ukubhekana nokwesaba okungadala “umnyango wemuva” ozokhuthaza ukufika kwezikebhe. Lokhu kuvimbela kungathamba ngaphansi kokushintsha kukahulumeni noma ukucindezela okukhushuliwe. Inqubo ye-bipaneral noma i-translate rebital ehlanganisa izizwe zasePacific Island, i-New Zealand, i-Canada, ne-Australia kungasakaza umthwalo wemfanelo ngokunganqamlezi futhi kufike izikelele izikethina ezincane.

Ukuqamba Amanga Kwasekhaya

Izinselele ezingokomthetho ziyaqhubeka e-Australia, iNkantolo Ephakeme ayikawunqumeli umthetho-mthetho wokuvalelwa kwalabo abatholakala bengababaleki kodwa bengenakubuyiselwa ekhaya. Uma inkantolo ibingamisa imingcele yesikhathi sokuboshwa, ibingaphoqelela uhulumeni ukuba udedele abantu emphakathini wase-Australia noma bathole ikhambi elisheshayo. Okwamanje, amacala athile ezinkantolo zaseNauru amisa kancane kancane indikimba yesibonelo engaphoqelela uhulumeni waseNauru ukuba anikeze izimo ezingcono noma avumele ababaleki ukuba bahambe ngokukhululekile.

Ukuwohloka Kwesimo Sezulu Nendawo Yesifunda YasePacific

Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubangela ukunyakaza phakathi kwe-Pacific, umehluko phakathi kwe- “bafuduki” no-“bafuduki” ungafiphaza. Ukusabela kwenqubo ye-Australia yangaphandle ekuthatheni indawo yezulu (ngosizo oluthathekayo) oluthi ngcono, ukuncipha kwezingozi zenhlekelele, kanye namasu okusebenza ngesivinini sokusebenza) kungabeka isiqalo esibanzi sendlela ephatha ngayo bonke abantu abafudukayo abafudukayo abafudukayo. Indlela esekelwe ehloniphekayo ehloniphekayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bafika kanjani, ingaba yinqubekela phambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-Australia iqhubeka ithatha uhambo oluyinhloko lwePacific nge-lensture, ifa lokuving.

Indima Yohulumeni BeziQhingi ZasePacific

Abaholi bePacific Island baye bakhula benobuqhawe eminyakeni yamuva. Icebo lika-2050 le-Blue Pacific Continent ligcizelela ubukhosi besifunda nobuhlanga. Abanye abaholi bePacific, ikakhulukazi owayenguMongameli weNauru Baron Waqa, uvikela ukuboniswa kwalesikhungo njengokuboniswa kobungane ne-Australia. Kodwa amazwi amasha, njengalawo aseFiji naseKiribati, aye abuza ukuthi izakhiwo zokuvalelwa zihambisana yini nezibopho zawo zamalungelo abantu. Uma iPacific ifuna ngenkani izimo ezingcono noma inqaba ukuvuselela izivumelwano ezikhona, i-Australia ifuna ukuzwana kwangempela kunokuvumelana.

Isiphetho: Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wase - Australia Nokusekela Kwesifunda

Isimiso sakwamanye amazwe ase-Australia siye sashiya uphawu olungacimeki lwamalungelo ababaleki ePacific Islands .a uphawu oluphawuleka ngokuboshwa, ukungaqondani okungokomthetho, nokuhlupheka ngokwengqondo. Inqubo yokulungisa yolwandle, ngesikhathi iklanyelwe ukunqanda ukufuduka okungajwayelekile, iye yabiza kakhulu abantu ababanjwa ngaphakathi kanye nakumazwe aphethe amazwe abathola izithunywa ze-Australia ezaba izithunywa zomngcele. Naphezu kwezinguquko eziqhubekayo zeManus Island, incishisiwe inani leNauru, futhi yanwebe ukubambisana kwesifunda.

Ukuqhubekela phambili, i-Australia inakho kokubili ukukwazi ukuphatha imingcele yokuziphatha kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhola isisekelo sesifunda esibeka isivikelo esingcono kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukunqamuka. Lokhu kungahilela ukubambisana kwangempela kokuphinde kubekwe kwenye indawo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo okwanele kanye nokusekela okungokomthetho kwalabo abasekulendawo, kanye nokushintsha okukhulu ekuphatheni abantu abahambayo njengabaphethe amalungelo kunokuba basongele. Iziqhingi zasePacific, ngokwengxenye yazo, ziyaqhubeka zisebenzisa izinga eliqinile phakathi kobukhosi nokuthembela, kodwa ukuqiniseka kwazo okukhulayo kusikisela ukuthi ngeke zihlale zingenawo amanxusa esimiso sase-Australia.

Indaba yababaleki ePacific ayiphathelene nenqubo yaseAustralia kuphela, kodwa iphathelene nokuzivuselela kanye nesintu esiye sabalekela izimo ezingenakucatshangwa, kodwa sizithole sihileleke ekubaleni kwezombangazwe ezingokwezwe okungaphezu kwamandla aso. Isilinganiso esiyinhloko sesimiso sakwamanye amazwe aseAustralia siyoba ukuthi singayiguqula yini leyo ndlela ebambene nesithunzi futhi ibe yiyo.