Ukuqonda Izimo Ezikhethekile Ezicini ZamaNdiya

Umqondo we- Isigaba se-Special Sestut (SCS) kweminye imibuso yaseNdiya ibiyisici esichazayo se-statical proganistism yezwe nenqubo yezentuthuko yesifunda iminyaka engaphezu kwemihla emihlanu. Lokhu kuhlelwa kumelela indlela ehloselwe ukusingatha izinselele eziyingqayizivele ezibhekene nezifunda ezihlukene ukuthi intengo zezwe, intengo yezomnotho, noma ukuzwela okungokwezimiso. Ukwabiwa kwe-SCS ngokuqondile kuthinta indlela izimali eziyinhloko ezibekwa ngayo, iprojected projectedssss, nendlela uhulumeni ophethe ophethe aphathana ngayo izikhulu nezindawo zikahulumeni. Eminyakeni eminingi, i-SCSS isuka ekubeni uhlelo lwezesayensi yezobuchwepheshe ekuhleleni imfuno ebekwe ngokulawulayo engoko kwezombangazwe ukuthi inzuzo engoko okuhlelwa yimpumelelo kanye nezingxoxo zikahulumeni.

Umsuka we-SCS, oqanjwe nge- Fith Finary Ikhomishane yezezimali (11969), eyaqaphela ukuthi amazwe athile ayedinga ingxenye ephakeme yosizo ngenxa yokungakhi kwayo. I-Gadgil Formula, ebizwa ngegama lesazi sezentengiselwano nesazi sezombangazwe uDhananjay Gadgil, ihlela izimiso zokususa imali efuna izifunda, kodwa kwakuyiKhomisha yokuhlela eyakha i-SCS plane. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isimo siye sanikezwa ukuba sihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile, nakuba lenqubo iye yathonywa kakhulu ukucabangela kwezombangazwe njengenhloso yezezombangazwe, njengoba impikiswano ezungeze i-SCCS ikhule kakhulu, ngezindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa inqubo kahulumeni.

Isisekelo Esingokomthetho Nokwehla Komthetho - sisekelo

Ngokuphambene nomqondo ovamile, i- Isigaba esikhethekile asiveli kushintsho oluthile lomthetho-sisekelo noma isihloko . Kunalokho, isisekelo saso esingokomthetho sisekelwe ezinqumweni zezimiso ze-commission, ukuhlela iziqondiso ze-Commission, nokutusa kweMikhandlu yezemali elandelanayo. Umthetho-sisekelo waseNdiya unikeza uhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlangothi zobuzwe phakathi kweZigaba 268 kuya ku 293, ezisebenza ngokusakazwa kwenkokhelo yenzuzo phakathi kwe-Uniyo kanye nezifunda, kodwa i-SCS isebenza ngaphandle kwale nqubo esemthethweni.

Indima Yesimiso Sokuhlela

IKhomishane yokuhlela, eyasebenza kusukela ngo-1950 kuze kube yilapho ithathelwa indawo i-NITI Aayog ngo-2015, yayiyinhlangano eyinhloko ephethe ukunikeza nokuphatha i-SCS. IKhomishane yasebenzisa isimo sokunikeza esiphezulu kunyaka ngamunye usizo oluphakathi [[ lokuthola izinto ezithile ezingezinhlobo. Lemali engcono yayiyinzuzo enkulu ye-SCC futhi yakha inzuzo enkulu yezikhuthazo ezisezingeni elingu-10 futhi ikhokha izimali ezikhokhwayo ezisekelwe kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingamaphesenti angu-30 ezitholakalayo ezingamaphesenti angu-70 ezingeni ezingezona ezikhethekile. Le mali evumayo yayiyinzuzo enkulu kakhulu ye-SCC futhi yakha amandla anamandla okufuna ukuhlelwa kwezindawo ezihlelwa ngokwenani.

I-National Development Commission ye-National Development Commission, eyayihlanganisa uNdunankulu, izikhulu zezikhulu, nezikhonzi ze-Union Union, yenza izinqumo zokugcina ekunikezeni i-SCS. Nokho, lezi zinqumo azizange zihlanganiswe nomthetho, okwakusho ukuthi isimo singanikezwa, silungiswe, noma sithathwe ngesenzo sokuqondisa. Lokhu kucatshangelwe okungokomthetho kuye kwaba umthombo oqhubekayo wokuphikisana kwezombangazwe, njengoba izifunda zika-SCS zithola noma zincishwaneze ngokomthetho.

IGadigil-Mukerjee Formula

[Ngaphansi kwalendlela] uGadgil-Mukerjee Formula, waqalwa ngo-1990 ngemva kokubukeza kweGadgil Forula yokuqala, waqhubekisela phambili umkhuba wokuhlela ingxenye emisiwe yosizo lwezigaba ezikhethekile. Ngaphansi kwalendlela, izifunda ezikhethekile zathola isabelo esimisiwe sosizo olusekelwe endinganisweni olusekelwe emalini enjengenani labantu, ngokwemali eholweni, nangezinkinga ezithile. Inqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi lamazwe athola ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yezimali ehlobene nobukhulu babantu, izivumela ukuba zikwazi ukuveza imingcele engokwesikhathi esiphezulu. Ukuhlaziya okugunyaziwe kwenqubo kungahlolwa ngemibiko esukela ku- [FOct:2] PRGSFFFF]

Ukushintshela ENITI Ayayog NeKhomishane Yezezimali Kuyatuswa

Ukuqedwa kwe-Commission yokuhlela ngo-2015 kwaphawula inkathi yokushintsha kwe-SCS. NITI Aayog, ilungiselelo elilandela uqobo, alizange liqhubeke likhona i-SCS uhlelo lohlelo lohlelo ngendlela yalo yasekuqaleni. Kunalokho, liye lakhuthaza ukunyuswa kwesabelo sentela esengeziwe [ nemiphumela ebekwayo ekunikezeni imali. [[FLT:] I-P] 14] I-Komishini (20:5)[[FLT] itusa ukunyuswa kwesabelo sentela esiphakathi kusuka kumaphesenti angu-32 kuya ku-42%, kuyilapho kuncishiswa kanye kanye isisindo esinikezwa i-SCS ezindaweni zokuncitshiswa. I-Promentiatton yaleyo i-devolution kuzo zonke izigaba zeze. [FFtrad KM][15][5][5] I-PM.[F.] I-PM.G. i-E. i-ssion: tractivedmistfic i

Isimo Esifanele Sokunikeza Izimo Ezikhethekile Eziyingxenye

UMkhandlu Wezentuthuko weNational Development wamisa inqubo ehlelekile yokunikeza iSCS, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwalezizimfuneko bekungezwani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izifunda ezifuna i - SCS kumelwe zibonise ukuba khona kwezici eziningana ezizihlukanisayo kwezinye izindawo futhi zithethelele ukuphathwa ngendlela ehlukile.

  • Ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi : Amazwe asendaweni ekude enezindawo ezinzima, indawo elinganiselwe, kanye nezimiso zokuhamba ezingqamile zifanelekela i-SCS. Lomcimbi usebenza ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni ezisenyakatho mpumalanga nezwe lase-Himalaya lapho ukuma kwezwe kubiza izindleko ezinkulu zemisebenzi yentuthuko.
  • Ukubuya emuva kwezomnotho[: i-United States enenzuzo ewumuntu ngamunye ephawuleka kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso sezwe, amazinga aphakeme obumpofu, ukukhulela kwezezimboni, nezimiso zezomnotho ezibuthakathaka zithathwa njengezimpawu zesilinganiso sobumpofu, isilinganiso sokuswelakala umsebenzi, kanye nokwanda kwe-GDP.
  • Ukubaluleka kwe- Ukubaluleka kobuphekula: Amazwe akhiwe ngasemingceleni yomhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi lawo ahlanganyela imingcele neChina, i-Pakistan, iBangladesh, ne-Myanmar, angathola i-SCS ngenxa yokucabangela ukuzivikela nokulondeka. Ukubaluleka okungokohlelo kuqaphela ukuthi umngcele ubhekene nezinselele ezihlukile ezihlobene nemingcele yokhuseleko, ukugcinwa kwemali ngasese okulinganiselwe, nokuba khona kwempi.
  • Izakhiwo ezifakiwe: i-United States eneziteshi zomgwaqo ezingeneka kahle, ugesi ongenayo, izakhiwo zemfundo ezilinganiselwe, nezimiso zezempilo ezibuthakathaka zifanelekela i-SCS. Izimiso zezemisebenzi zigxila ekuvaleni igebe phakathi kwezindawo ezithuthukisiwe nezingathuthuki kakhulu ngokutshala izimali ezisemkhakheni.
  • Intengo ephezulu yentuthuko: amazwe lapho izindleko zokuhambisa izinkonzo zomphakathi nemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi ziphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso sezwe ngenxa yendawo, isimo sezulu, noma ukuqhela kude athola i-SCS. Izindleko eziphakeme zentuthuko ziqaphela ukuthi ukuthutha okulinganayo kuveza imiphumela elinganayo uma izindleko zihluka kakhulu emazweni.
  • Isisekelo semicebo yezemali: Amazwe anemithombo engokwemvelo elinganiselwe, amandla esizukulwane alinganiselwe emali ehholo, kanye nezisekelo zentela ezincane zibekwa ngokwe-SCS. Lezifundazwe zincike kakhulu ekuthunyelweni okukhulu ukuze kugcinwe izinkonzo zomphakathi eziyisisekelo futhi azikwazi ukuveza imithombo yangaphakathi eyanele yokuthuthukisa.

Lemikhondo yayiklanyelwe ukuveza ukuthi ukuhluleka kokwakha okungabangelwa yizo. Ukuhlelwa kwamazwe kwakuhloselwe ukuba kube kwesikhashana, ngokuthemba ukuthi ekugcineni amazwe akhethekile angenza ukulingana namanye amazwe futhi awasafuni ukuphathwa ngendlela engcono. Nokho, lapho esetshenziswa, i-SCS ithole kunzima ukuyeka, futhi izifunda eziningi ziyaqhubeka zithola izinzuzo esikhathini eside ngemva kokuba izimo zazo zokuqala zinciphile. Ukuze kunciphe izinhlelo eziningi ezikhona zisetshenziswe kanjani, iWebsite ye-IT i-AIOGY [ inikeza amabhukwana ezimiso ezihlobene neziqondiso.

Amazwe Aye Athola Izimo Ezikhethekile Eziyingxenye Yesonto

Phakathi neminyaka, amazwe ayishumi nanye aye anikezwa i-SCS ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Abamukela kuqala babevela engxenyeni esenyakatho mpumalanga, bebonisa izinselele zokukhula ezihlukile kuleyondawo. Amazwe ayethole i-SCS ahlanganisa Assam, Nagaland, Hikal Pradesh, Manipur, Mekhaya, Skikkam, Tritura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Jammu & Kashmir, ne Utarhankhand[. Ngazinye zalezi zisho zihlangabe izibalo ezimisiwe ngesikhathi sokuzivumela, nakuba izimo zazo zishintshe kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Indaba ye Jammu & Kashmir iyafundisa kakhulu. Izwe lathola i-SCS kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala ye-sagne, kodwa isimo salo asiboshelwanga nje kuphela ezimisweni zezomnotho kodwa futhi nasemikhankasweni ekhethekile ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 370, eyanika umbuso indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwe-Indian Union. Ngokunjalo, i-PRT [FLT:] i-Hantade [3] e-2019 kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezwe libe amasimidiyamu amabili, umbuzo we-SCS waba yi-moot, njengoba amasimu engenakuhlelwa yi-RCM, njengoba ama-SCT, ekhona ekhona, futhi ikhona njalo, i-SCPT [FLT] futhi iqhubeka ngeminyaka yamuva nje.[FLT]

Izinkinga Zezombangazwe Nokusetshenziswa Okuhlelekile

Ukunikeza nokugoma i-SCS isigaba esikhethekile kuye kwaba yithuluzi lezombangazwe elinamandla kwezombangazwe zamaNdiya. Amaqembu ezombangazwe kokubili emazingeni esizwe nakahulumeni asebenzisa isidingo se-SCS njengethuluzi lokuqoqa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezizizwa zincishisiwe noma zinganakwa yizimiso eziyinhloko. Isimo siye sathatha ukubaluleka okungoko okudlula kude incazelo yangempela.

Imishini Ye - Electoral

Izicelo ze-SCS zivame ukuvezwa kukhetho olusobala, ikakhulukazi ezizweni ezinjengethi Andhrash, Bihar, Odisha, ne Rajasthan. Izithembiso zezombangazwe zokuvikela i-SCS yezifunda zazo njengesibonakaliso sekhono lokusekela izithakazelo zendawo. Isidingo sabavoti ababheka i-SCS njengendlela yokuthuthukisa ngokushesha nokuthuthukisa izinkonzo zomphakathi. Kwezinye izimo, ukuzimisela noma ukuzimisela kukahulumeni omkhulu ukunikeza i-SCS kunqume imiphumela esemthethweni, ngokuvota noma ngokujezisa okunenzuzo noma ukujezisa okusekelwe ekufezeni kwabo okubonakala kufanelekile ekulondolozeni isimo.

Indaba ye- Andhra Pradesh ibonisa ukuma kwezombangazwe kwe-SCS. Ngemva kokubukwa kwezwe ngo-2014, isifundazwe se-AndraPradesh safuna i-SCS njengesinxephezelo sokulahlekelwa kweHybrabad, inhloko yezezomnotho nezombuso. Amaqembu amakhulu ezombangazwe asozwe, kuhlanganise ne-[[FLTP:2] u-Tem Desam Party (TDP) [[FLTP:3] kanye ne-[FLTFL:] [FLT] [FLT] i-RS [RR] i-RS [RP] ithonyazwezwezwezwe elikhona phakathi nomthetho wezombangazwe.[FLT]

Ubuhlobo Nobuhlobo

I-SCS isebenza njenge-chip ehlangene ne- ephakathi nobudlelwane bezwe. Amazwe abaluleke kakhulu enhlangano ebusayo ephakathi angasebenzisa ukuma kwawo ukufuna i-SCS njengesimo sokusekela okuqhubekayo kwezombangazwe. Ngokuphambene, asho avumelana nezombangazwe nokuphikiswa angathola izimfuno zawo ze-SCS zinganakwa noma zibekelwe isikhathi. Lokhu kubekwa kwalokho ekuqaleni okwakucatshangelwa njengohlelo lobuchwepheshe kuye kwanciphisa ukuthembeka kwe-SCS planethis futhi kwaholela ekumangalelweni i-carbantion yobandlululo nokukhetha.

Isidingo seSCS u-Bihar [[FLT: 1] uyisibonelo. Naphezu kokuba ungowokunye wezwe elimpofu kakhulu eNdiya elinomholo ophansi, izakhiwo ezilinganiselwe, nobukhulu babantu, u-Bihar akayitholanga i-SCS. Umholi kahulumeni wezombangazwe uphikisa ukuthi uBihar uhlangana nayo yonke imikhawulo emisiwe nokuthi ukukhishwa kwalo ku-SCS kubonisa ukucwasana kwezombangazwe. Ngokufanayo, u-Odisha uye wafuna i-SCS emaphethelweni esizwe sakhe, izinhlekelele zemvelo, futhi ungazinaki ngokomlando. Ukuncishwa kwalo kukhutha imfuno yezindawo ezihlukene.

Intuthuko Yesifunda Nokwehluka

Imiphumela yezombangazwe ye-SCS idlulela ngalé kwemibalo ebanzi yemibuzo ye- elinganayo nentuthuko. Izwe eline-SCS linenzuzo engcono ekufakeni imali ephakeme, izisekelo ezithuthukisiwe, nezikhombisi ezingcono zezenhlalo eziqhathaniswa nezingezona i-SCS ezinezimo ezifanayo ezikhona. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lempatho ethandwayo ibangele izigungu zezentengiselwano [[ ezingeni lokwamukela, lapho ohulumeni bendawo bethembela kakhulu khona ekudluliseni imithombo yabo yemali nezezomnotho.

Izifundazwe ezinqwqeni zasempumalanga zinikeza isithombe esixubile. Nakuba i-SCS iye yasiza lezi zindawo ukuba zithuthukise izakhiwo zazo kanye nezikhombo zomphakathi, izinga lentuthuko liye lathatha kancane kakhulu kunaleyo elindelwe ngenxa yezinselele zokubusa, ukuqubuka, nokungaqondi kwekhono, nokungaqondisi. Lokhu kuye kwaholela empikiswaneni yokuthi i-SCS iyodwa yanele yini ukuthuthukisa noma ukuthi inguquko eqhubekayo ekulawuleni, i-fiscal phathi, futhi ukulandisa kudingekile.

Izindawo Ezingelutho Nezinselele Ezizungeze I - SCS

Ukungalingani Nokuncika

Impikiswano enkulu ezungeze i-SCS ukuthi ithuthukisa ukulingana okuqotho noma yenza ukuthembela okunempilo[. Abasekeli baphikisa ukuthi isimo esidingekile sinikeza ukusekela kokuthi kungakwazi ukuncintisana nezindawo ezithuthukiswe kakhulu. Bakhomba empumelelweni engokomlando yeSCS ekuthuthukiseni imfundo, impilo, nesisekelo kumamukeli wezindaba. Baphikisa ngokuthi isigaba sesigaba se- siveza ukusekela okudingekayo kokusho ukuthi ngeke kunciphekelele izisusa zezenteko zezeko, inguquko yezomnotho, inguquko, nokuqoqwa kwemali.

I- ye-14th Finance Commission yakhuluma ngalento ekhathazayo ngokutusa ushintsho olungcono kuzo zonke izifundazwe kuyilapho inciphisa izinzuzo ezithile ze-SCS. IKhomisha yaphikisa ngokuthi ukugxila kufanele kushintshe ekwahlukaneni kwezindawo njengezokhethekile noma ezingabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izifunda zinemithombo eyanele yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zazo. Lendlela igunyazwe ligunyazwe ligunyazwezwezwe likhulu kodwa ligxekwe ukuthi ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa izinzuzo ezithile ze-SCS ngaphandle kokuthola izinzuzo ezizinqgijimi.

Ukuba semthethweni Komthetho - sisekelo Nezinselele Ezingokomthetho

Ukungabikho kwesisekelo somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo se-SCS kuye kwaholela ezinseleleni nasemfunweni wemithetho yokuqashelwa . Izigodlo eziningi ziye zaya ezinkantolo ziphikisa ngokuthi ukunqatshwa kwe-SCS kuphula isimiso sokwelashwa okulinganayo ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 14 soMthetho-sisekelo. Nokho, izinkantolo ziye zenqaba kakhulu ukuphazamisa ukuqondisa komphathi ekunikezeni i-SCS, ziphethe ukuthi inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ihilela izahlulelo zemithetho eshiyelwe kahle kakhulu kuhulumeni.

Ochwepheshe bezomthetho baye basikisela ukuthi ukuhlukanisa i-SCS emthethweni [ kunganikeza ukucaca okukhulu futhi kunciphise izinga lezinqumo ezizihambelayo. Uhlelo lwe-state lungamisa izimiso ezibonisayo, izimiso zokuhlola okunenjongo, kanye nezimiso ezicacile zokunikeza nokuhlola i-SCS. Ngaphandle kohlelo olunjalo, isimo sihlala sisengozini yokusebenzisana kwezombangazwe nokusebenza okungaguquguquki. Iwebhusayithi ye-India ye-India ye-ICP [ inikeza ukufinyelela kwezincwadi ezihambelanayo ezingokomthetho nemibiko yekomiti ehlobene ne-fiscalism.

Izidingo Zesimo Esisha Sesigaba Esikhethekile

Eminyakeni yamuva, kunezigodlo eziningana ekuqaleni ezazingatholi i - SCS eziye zanezela isidingo sazo sokuba zihlelwe.

  • Andhh : Izicelo zeSCS njengembuyiselo yokulahleka kweHydrabad nokungahleleki kwezomnotho okubangelwa ukuphambana. Uhulumeni wezwe uphikisa ngokuthi isithembiso seSCS senziwa phakathi nezinkulumo zephalamende zezingxoxo ze-Andradesh Reorganization Act, 2014.
  • [[NT.0]: Ifuna i-SCS ngokusekelwe emhlweni ophansi kumphakathi, amazinga aphakeme obumpofu, nezimiso ezilinganiselwe. Umholi wezwe wezombangazwe uphikisa ukuthi u-Bhar uye wadebeselelwa ngokwehlelekile ezinkokhelweni eziphakathi.
  • Odisha: Izicelo ze-SCS ezikhomba inani lesizwe sazo, ukuchayeka ezishingisweni nasezikhukhuleni, kanye nezimboni ezilinganiselwe. Umbuso ukhomba ekuthuthukeni kwabantu okungaphansi kwezikhombo njengezikhombo ezilungayo.
  • Rajastann: Kanye ngezikhathi ezithile uye wanyusa isidingo se-SCS, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasezindaweni zesizwe, ephikisa ngokuthi isimo sendawo kazwelonke nesimo sezulu kubangela izindleko eziphakeme.
  • Goa: Yafuna i-SCS esikhathini esidlule, icaphuna indawo yayo encane nendawo elinganiselwe, nakuba isidingo sentengo sezwe sehle njengoba intuthuko yezomnotho zikahulumeni yathuthuka.

Ubuninzi bezidingo buye badala i- ye-botboard'sket -', njengoba inikeza i-SCS ezizweni ezengeziwe inganweba imithombo ephakathi futhi inciphise izinzuzo zomningwane ngamunye ezikhona kubamukeli abakhona. Uhulumeni ophakathi uye wasabela ngokunikeza ezinye izindlela zosizo, njengaye iphakethe ekhethekile [ kanye nemali ekhethekile ye-[FLT], ngaphandle kokunikeza i-SCS intect egcwele. Nokho, lezi ezinye izindlela ziye zagxekwa njengezingaqiniseki nokunga okuqinisekileyo nokungaqondileyo kwe-SCC.

Intuthuko Nezimiso Ezishintshayo Muva

Ukuphela Kwenkathi Yokuhlela

Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Planning Commission nge-NITI Ayayog ngo-2015 kwaphawula ukushintshwa okungokoqobo endleleni yaseNdiya yokufuna ukubuswa kwe-fiscal solist. Ukuhlela kwakuyi-ankile esebenzela i-SCS, futhi ukudaleka kwayo kwadala i-aquator ehlelweni lokuhlela. I-NITIAYOG yamukela isibonelo se-palizimu sobuzwe [[[[FLT:]] [FLT]] esigcizelela i-budiliniki, ukuncintisana, nokuhlelwa kwemiphumela esekelwe kunezigaba zezindawo.

Ngaphansi kwe-NITI Ayagog, uhulumeni omkhulu uye wasuka ku-SCS waya ku- uhlelo lwezifunda, , ukwenziwa okusekelwe ekusekelweni [, futhi inyathelo lokuthatha i-pactic-etheery [. Lezinhlelo ziklanyelwe ukuhlasela imithombo yezindawo empofu kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlelwe ngokwenani elihlukene likahulumeni. Lendlela iyaqaphela ukuthi ubumpofu nokwehlaliselwa ngaphansi kwezwe akugciniwe yonke kodwa kugcwele ezindaweni nasemiphakathini.

Isiyalo Sokuthunywa Kwemali

IKhomishane yezemali ( 14th Familision (]) kanye [[FLT:] kunye ne-[FLT]15th Ikhomishane yezezimali ([21])[ zombili ziye zanikela ekuncipheni kwe-SCS simente [[[[FLTLT:4]]] ukuhlelwa kwe-SCS ngokomthetho [[FLT]]]]. Ngokundisa isabelo sentela yentela ephakathi nokuguqula indlela yokugcizelela izibalo ezithiwayo ukuhlanganisa ihlathi, ushintsho lwenani lezigidi, nebanga lemali, amaKhomishane anciphisa ukuncishiniswa kwemishwana kweminyango esekelwe ezibonelweni ezisekelwe ezisezinhlabeni ezisezingenisweni ezingcono.

Lezinguquko ziye zaba nemiphumela emikhulu ezifundazweni ezamukelayo. Nakuba ushintsho oluphezulu lwenze ezinye izifundazwe zalahlekelwa izinzuzo ze-SCS eziqondile, ezinye ziye zabhekana nokwehla kwenetha kosizo oluphakathi nendawo. Izwe elinenani elikhulu labantu neholo eliphansi kunyaka ngamunye, njenge Uttar Pradesh neBihar, liye lazuza kuloluhlelo olusha, kuyilapho amazwe amancane anabantu abambalwa aye abona ukuncipha kwengxenye yawo. Imininingwane ethinta imiphumela ephakathi yalezinguquko ingahlolwa nge-Uttar Pradesh ye-website yaseNdiya [[FLT:]]

Ukusabela Kwezombangazwe Nezidingo Eziqhubekayo

Naphezu kwesimiso esisusiwe ku-SCS, imfuno yezezombangazwe iyaqhubeka inganqandeki. Ukhetho lukahulumeni wamuva nje luye lwaveza i-SCS njengempikiswano evelele ku-AndroPradesh, Bihar, ne-Odisha. Amaqembu ezombangazwe ayaqhubeka ethembisa i-SCS ukuba ivoti, njengoba nje lesi sikhungo siqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo alusekho ngaphansi kwesakhiwoshayo esisha.

Icala lika-Andra Pradesh lisalokhu libekwe icala kwezombangazwe kakhulu. Ukukhohliswa kukahulumeni ngo-2014 kwahambisana nezithembiso ezicacile ze-SCS ezivela kubaholi abaphakathi, kuhlanganise noNdunankulu wakhona noNgqongqo Wekhaya. Ukwenqaba okulandelayo ukunikeza isimo kuye kwaphawulwa njengokuphulwa kwesithembiso futhi kwabangela ukucasuka kwesifunda. Uhulumeni uye wabekela inselele isikhundla sesikhungo enkantolo futhi wafuna ukuphakamisa lempikiswano emhlabeni wonke ngokusiphakamisa ezindaweni zokuxhumana.

Isikhundla sikahulumeni omkhulu siwukuthi uhlaka lwe-SCS luphelelwe isikhathi futhi ezinye izindlela zokusekela amazwe ampofu ziphumelela kakhulu. Uhulumeni unikeze i-AndhraPradesh iphakethe yosizo olukhethekile elihlanganisa ukuxhasa iprojekthi yokunisela ngenkasa i-Pollavaram, izisusa zezezezemboni, kanye nentengo yentela. Nokho, abaholi bombuso baye balahla lezi ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa njengesanele futhi baye baqhubeka befuna ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni kwe-SCS.

Izicelo Ezibanzi ZobuFederal BaseNdiya

Ingxoxo ye-SCS ithinta imibuzo eyisisekelo ye-munistism ye-Indian : indlela yokulinganisela isidingo sobunye besizwe nokuqashelwa kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene, indlela yokwahlukanisa imithombo entulekayo phakathi kwezifunda ezincintisanayo, nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo zomphakathi eziyisisekelo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihlalaphi. Ukuziphendukela kwe-SCS kubonisa ukuqondwa okushintshile kwalemibuzo.

Ukushintsha Ukwenziwa Kwesakhelo Esiphelele

I-SCS simende yokuqala yayisekelwe ekucabangeni ukuthi izifunda ezithile zazidinga usizo olukhethekile lwesikhashana[ ukuze zinqobe ukungakhi. Umqondo wawuthi lamazwe ekugcineni ayezofinyelela izinga lokulingana namanye amazwe futhi ayeke ukudinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Nokho, ukuphikelela kwezindawo ezihlukene ngokwezifunda kusikisela ukuthi ukuxilonga kokuqala akuphelele. Izimo ezihlelekile azinqotshwa kalula ngokuthuthwa komzimba kuphela, futhi amanye amazwe angadinga ukusekelwa izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.

Indlela ehlukile kunezigaba ezimbalwa. Lendlela iqaphela ukuthi ubumpofu, ukushiyeka kwezakhiwo, nezinselele zezentuthuko zikhona kuzo zonke izifundazwe, futhi umthamo wemali kufanele usekelwe ezikhombini ezisekelweni eziqondisweni ezisemthethweni kunezimpawu ezisemthethweni. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lendlela inciphisa ukunaka kwezindawo eziswele kakhulu futhi ingashiya izimo ezimpofu kakhulu zingasekelwanga ngokwanele.

Ikusasa Le - SCS Lihlelwa

Ikusasa le-SCS aliqinisekile. Uhulumeni omkhulu uye wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi akuhlongozi ukunikeza i-SCS entsha, futhi abamukela i-SCS abakhona bakhunyulwa kancane kancane ngezinzuzo ngokusebenzisa indlela entsha yokususa ushintsho. Nokho, isidingo sezombangazwe se-SCS asibonisi zimpawu zokulwa, futhi ohulumeni besikhathi esizayo bangakhetha ukuvuselela isimo uma sifeza izithakazelo zabo zezombangazwe.

Esinye isici esiphakathi singaba ukwakhiwa kwesimiso sokuqondisa esikhethekile sosizo esihlanganisa izimiso zesimiso se-SCS kodwa sizenze zibe sobala futhi zibe nokulandisa. Uhlelo lungamisa izimiso ezicacile zokuhlukanisa izifunda eziswele, ibeke isikhathi sokuhlola ukuhlelwa, futhi inikeze izimiso zokukhipha usizo njengoba amazwe efinyelela intuthuko. Lendlela ingahlanganisa ukugxila kwe-SCS kanye nokubikezela nokulunga kohlakanipha kwe-mthetho.

Izifundo Ezitholwa Abakhi Bemithetho

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-SCS kunikeza izifundo eziningi kubenzi bezimiso. Okokuqala, izigaba zezindawo ezihlukene ngaphandle kokusekela okungokomthetho zisengozini yokusetshenziswa kwezombangazwe nokusetshenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo. Okwesibili, izimo zesikhashana zithambekele ekubeni ezihlala njalo[[, futhi izinqubo zokukhipha usizo zibalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukugwema ukuncika. [[FLT:] okwesithathu, [[FLT:] ukuthutha kwemali kuphela akwanele [ ukuthuthukisa; kumelwe zihlanganiswe nezinguquko ezilawulwayo, amandla okwakha, nezimiso zokulandisa. [FLT6] izithembiso zemali ezingaphandle [FLT:] [FT] [FLT] izithembiso ezihlala njalo, njengoba kungakhiqiniswe.

Njengoba iNdiya iqhubeka iguqula isimo sayo sobuzwe, izifundo ezisemqoka eSCS ziyoba usizo ekuklameni izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokusingatha izindawo ezihlukene. Umgomo kufanele ube isimiso esiqinisekisa zonke izifunda ukuba zibe nemithombo eziyidingayo ukuze zinikeze izinkonzo eziyisisekelo, kuyilapho futhi zidala izisusa zokuziqeqesha, ukukhula kwezomnotho, kanye nokubusa okuhle.

Isiphetho

Izici ezingokomthetho nezezombangazwe ze- Isigaba esikhethekile sobusekeli kwezinye izifundazwe zaseNdiya zinikeza ifasitela izinselele ezibanzi ze ezingokomthetho ne-constitutionism eNdiya[. Nakuba i-SCS inikeze ukusekela okungokomlando okusekelwe ekubhekaneni nokungahleleki kokwakha, isimo sayo esiqinile, ukusetshenziswa kwezombangazwe, nokuntula ukuhlanganiswa ngokomthetho kuye kwanciphisa ukuphumelela kwayo nokwethemba. Ukushintshela ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko efanayo, okungeni ekwakhekeni kweminye, okuhlanganiswe ekutusweni kweminyangweni kwamuva kwezezimali nezimiso zeNITI Awog, kumelela ushintsho olukhulu endleleni izakhiwo ze-Indiyan Away.

Nokho, isidingo se-SCS sisalokhu sinamandla ngokwezombangazwe, futhi ikhono likahulumeni omkhulu lokumelana nalezimfuno liyoxhomeka ekutheni ezinye izinqubo zingaletha izinzuzo ezingokoqobo yini emazweni ampofu nasezindaweni. Ukuziphendukela kwe-SCS kusukela ekuhlelweni kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe zohlelo lwesidingo esidingwayo sezombangazwe kubonisa ukuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi komthetho, kwezombangazwe, nakwezomnotho kwezwe laseNdiya. Njengoba i-Indiya iqhubekela phambili, inselele iyoba ukuklama izimiso ezithuthukisa ukukhula okunganqamuki kuwo wonke amazwe kuyilapho ziqaphela izidingo eziyingqayizivele zezifunda ezimpofu kakhulu.