Inkonzo yomphakathi yakhiwe ngesisekelo sokwethembana. Izakhamuzi ziphathisa ohulumeni bazo ngegunya, imithombo, namandla okwenza izinqumo ezibumba ukuphila kwazo. Lokhu kudluliselwa kwamandla kuhambisana nomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wezimiso. Ngakho - ke, ukuziphatha kwenkonzo yomphakathi akuyona nje indaba yemfundo engokwemfundo; itshe eliphethe kahle, eliphumelelayo, elinamandla, nelisabelayo lokubusa. Ngaphandle komthetho oqinile womphakathi, ukuthemba umphakathi kuyancipha, futhi kanye nesivumelwano somphakathi phakathi kukahulumeni nabantu bawo sinciphisa intethelelo.

Ukuqonda Izimiso Ezifanele Zenkonzo Yomphakathi

Izimiso zokuziphatha zenkonzo yomphakathi zibhekisele ezimisweni zokuziphatha, izindinganiso, nezindinganiso eziqondisa ukuziphatha kwabantu abasebenza ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, nezinhlangano ezifeza okuhle okukodwa. Kusekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi amandla omphakathi awubukhombane, [1] umqondo osukela emuva kuyifilosofi yezombangazwe zasendulo. Izimiso zenkonzo yomphakathi zanamuhla zithathwa ongqondongqondo abaculi abanjengoMax Weber, owagcizelela ukungakhethi kwemibuso, nasesikweni esibanzi sokuziphendulela ngentando yeningi. Inkolelo eyinhloko iwukuthi izikhonzi zomphakathi zisebenza njengabaphathi bempahla yomphakathi futhi kumelwe zithuthukise inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi ngokwezithakazelo zomuntu siqu.

Isivumelwano Sezenhlalo Nokuthenjwa Komphakathi

Ekujuleni kwayo, inkonzo yomphakathi engokokuziphatha isuka esivumelwaneni sezenhlalakahle, () ukuvumelana okuqinisekile phakathi kukahulumeni nezakhamuzi zakhe ukuthi igunya lizosetshenziswa ngokomthetho futhi ngenxa yenzuzo evamile. Izisebenzi zomphakathi zingamanxusa aleso sivumelwano. Ukuziphatha kwazo kuthinta indlela izakhamuzi ezibheka ngayo ukuba semthethweni kwezinhlangano zazo. Uma izindinganiso zokuziphatha zisekelwa, izakhamuzi zisengozini kakhulu yokuvumelana nemithetho, zihlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi, futhi zithembe abaholi bazo. Ngokuphambene, ukwephula izimiso zokuziphatha kungaholela ekugxekeni, ekulahleni, ekulahleni, nasekuphazamisekeni imingcele. Ithemba lomphakathi liyimpahla elula ukuyithola, kodwa kulula ukulahlekelwa.

Okwenza Ukuziphatha Okuhle Kubaluleke

Ukuziphatha okuvamile enkonzweni yomphakathi kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ezihlangene:

  • Sleifik isakhiwo:[ ukuziphatha kobulungu kukhuthaza ukwethembana phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi. Ngaphandle kokwethembana, ngisho nezinqubo ezihlelwe kahle zingahluleka ukufinyelela imigomo yabo.
  • Ukukhokha-mali:[ Izisebenzi zomphakathi kumelwe zilandise ngezenzo zazo, ziqiniseke ukuthi zisekela umthetho nezindinganiso zokuziphatha. Izimiso zokulandisa − njengemitapo yokuhlola, izindikimba zobubonisi, nezimfuneko zokubonana.
  • Ukuqiniseka kobuPublic: Uma izikhonzi zomphakathi zibonisa ubuqotho, kuthuthukisa ukwethemba umphakathi ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, kwenza izimiso zentando yeningi ziqine.
  • Inkonzo Enika Imiphumela I-Ireary: Ukuziphatha okungacunuli kuholela ekwenzeni izinqumo nokunikeza inkonzo okungcono. Uma izinqumo zokuqondisa izimiso, imithombo yemali yabelwa ngokulinganayo, futhi izinkambiso zithambekele kakhulu ekubhekaneni nezidingo zangempela.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukususwa kwenkohlakalo:[ Isisekelo esiqinile sokuziphatha sisebenza njengesivikelo ekukhohlakaleni, okululaza ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho, ubulungisa bezenhlalo, nokuzinziswa kwezombangazwe.

Izimiso Zesimiso Segazi Emsebenzini Womphakathi

Izimiso eziningi eziyisisekelo zokuziphatha zinikeza isisekelo sokuba izisebenzi zomphakathi zisebenzise izindima zazo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zimiso azizona nje izinto ezithathelwanayo; ziyiziqondiso ezisebenzayo ezazisa ukuziphatha kwansuku zonke nokwenza izinqumo.

Ubuqotho

Ubuqotho buyisisekelo sezimiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi. Kusho ukwenza ngokwethembeka, ngokungaguquguquki, futhi ngokuvumelana nezimiso zokuziphatha, ngisho nalapho kungekho muntu ozibukelayo. Kubo bonke, ubuqotho buhilela ukugwema izingxabano zesithakazelo, ukwenqaba ukufumbathisa, nokumelana nesilingo sokusebenzisa isikhundla somphakathi ukuze ucebise. Ubuqotho busho futhi ukuvuma amaphutha nokuthatha isinyathelo sokulungisa. Melika Society for Public Administration (ASPA) [[FT:2]] Umthetho wokwenza uthembe njengokubaluleka okubalulekile, okufuna izinceku zomphakathi ukuba “zigcine umthetho nomthetho.

Ukubona Kahle Nokuvuleka

Ukubona ngaphaya kwamandla kudinga ukuba izisebenzi zomphakathi ziqhube umsebenzi wazo ngendlela evulekile, zenze ukwaziswa kutholakale kuzakhamuzi ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwe ngokomthetho (ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokulondeka kwesizwe noma ngenxa yezizathu eziyimfihlo). Ukukhululeka ezindleleni zokwenza izinqumo − njengemizuzu yomhlangano, ekhishwayo, kanye nemininingwane efinyelelekayo (izakhamuzi) ukuze zigcine izahlulelo zikahulumeni. [i-OLT] CD ku-Procture Perferance Personal heality [[[[FLTLT:1]] iqokomisa ukubonakala njengengxenye eyinhloko yezimiso zezimiso eziqinile. Izisebenzi zomphakathi kumelwe zikhulumisane ngokusheshisa mayelana nendlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo, indlela imithombo esetshenziswa ngayo, nendlela izikhalo ezingabizwa ngayo.

Ubulungisa Nokungakhethi

Izisebenzi zomphakathi kumelwe ziphathe bonke abantu ngokulinganayo nangaphandle kobandlululo. Lesi simiso sidlulela ngalé kokuphathwa ngokulinganayo − ifuna ukuqaphela ukungalingani kwezimiso kanye nesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkonzo namathuba afinyelela labo abazidinga kakhulu. Ubuhle busho ukusebenzisa imithetho nezimiso ngokungaguquki, ukugwema ukukhetha, nokuvikela amalungelo amaqembu abekwe phansi. Izisebenzi zomphakathi ziqaphela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ngokungakhethi kudinga izinyathelo eziqinisekile zokulungisa izimo ezingokomlando.

Ikhasi lokulandisa

Ukulandisa kuyisibopho sokuphendula ngezenzo nezinqumo zomuntu. Enkundleni yomphakathi, ukulandisa kusebenza ngamazinga amaningi: emphakathini, ekukhetheni izikhulu, kwabaphakeme, nakumthetho. Izimiso zokulandisa zihlanganisa ukuhlola ukusebenza, ukuhlola ngokwezimali, ukuqondisa kwemithetho, nokuhlola kokwahlulela. Izisebenzi zomphakathi akumelwe zivume nje kuphela umthwalo wemfanelo ngokuziphatha kwazo kodwa futhi zidala izimiso ezivumela abanye ukuba banikezwe isibopho sokulandisa. Lesimiso sihlobene eduze nokubonakala kwe-$_ngaphandle, ukulandisa, ukulandisa akusebenzi.

Ukuhanjiswa kwenkonzo

Inhloso eyinhloko yenkonzo yomphakathi iwukunakekela umphakathi nokunakekela izidingo zawo. Lesimiso sidinga ukuba izisebenzi zomphakathi zibeke eceleni izithakazelo zazo siqu futhi zijonge umsebenzi wazo ngozwela, ngokuzinikezela, nangokuzinikela ekufezeni okuhle okufanayo. Inkonzo isho ukulalela ngenkuthalo izakhamuzi, ukusabela ezinkathazweni zazo, nokuthuthukisa izinga lenkonzo yomphakathi. Kuhilela futhi umuzwa wesibopho ongaphezu kwezimfuneko zomsebenzi.

Isimiso Esingokomthetho Neseziqu Esisekela Izimiso Zokuziphatha

Kudinga isimiso esisekelayo esingokomthetho nesenhlangano esibeka amathemba acacile, esinikeza isiqondiso, nesiphoqelela izindinganiso.

Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nezimiso Zokuziphatha

Ohulumeni abaningi kanye namanxusa ochwepheshe baye bamukela imithetho engokomthetho yezimiso zokuziphatha noma ukuziphatha. Lemithetho iguqula izimiso ezingaqondakali zibe yimithetho ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, i- yeZizwe ezihlangene[ ithuthukisa uhlelo lwezimiso zezimiso zenkonzo yomphakathi ezigcizelela ubuqotho, ukubonakala, nokulandisa. Imithetho yesizwe neyomphakathi ivame ukuhlanganisa izindawo ezinjenge: ukwamukela izipho, imingcele yangemva komsebenzi, ukuveza ukubonakala, nokuveza ukungqubuzana kwesithakazelo. Ukubukeza njalo nokuguqula lemithetho kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinselele ezingokwezimiso ezifanele.

AmaKomiti Ezimiso Zokuziphatha Nemizimba Ephakeme

Izindikimba ezizimele eziqondisayo − njengezimiso zokukhokha, izigebengu, kanye nezinhloli eziphetheyo − zifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni nasekusebenziseni izindinganiso zokuziphatha. Lemikhakha ihlola izinso zokunga ukuziphatha okubi, inikeza imibono ekhuthazayo, futhi itusa izenzo zokuyala. Ukuzimela kwayo ethonyeni lezombangazwe kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ithembeke. Amazwe amaningi futhi anezinhlangano eziphambili ezimelene nezimiso zokungagunyazi ezisebenza kanye nezikhungo zezimiso zokuziphatha zokubona nokujezisa imikhuba eyonakele.

Izivikelo Zokuvuthela

Abafutha impepho abakhuthazayo futhi bavikela imfihlo iyingxenye ebalulekile yenkonzo yomphakathi yezimiso. Abafuthayo babika ububi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. Ngaphandle kwesivikelo esiqinile esingokomthetho, basengozini yokuphindisela, ukulimala kwemisebenzi, futhi ngisho nokuphepha komuntu siqu. Imithetho ephumelelayo yokushaya ikhwelo ivikela izisebenzi ekuziphindiseleni nasekunikezeni iziteshi eziyimfihlo. Uma izisebenzi zikahulumeni zazi ukuthi zingabika ngokuphephile ukuziphatha okungafanelekile, impucuko yobuqotho iyaqiniswa.

Izinselele Zenkonzo Yomphakathi Evamile

Naphezu kwezimiso zokuziphatha, izisebenzi zomphakathi zibhekana nezinselele eziningi ezingase zinciphise ikhono lazo lokuziphatha ngendlela efanele.

Ukonakala Nokungqubuzana Kwesithakazelo

Ukonakala kusewusongo olungapheli kakhulu ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha komphakathi. Kudingeka izindlela eziningi: ukufumbathisa, ukuphambanisa, ukuphatha iziphakamiso, ukuthatheka kobudoda, nokusebenzisa kabi izinqubo zokufuna ukukhokha. Ukuxabana kwesithakazelo kwenzeka lapho izithakazelo zomphakathi zangasese zezisebenzi − ezinezici zomuntu siqu, noma ezezombangazwe . Ngisho nokubonakala kwempi kungalimaza ukwethenjwa komphakathi. Inkohlakalo enkulu emhlabeni ibonisa indlela lemisebenzi eyingozi eyingozi, isusa ngayo imithombo ezinkonzweni ezibalulekile futhi iqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani.

Ukucindezela Kwezombangazwe Nokwehlukana

Izisebenzi zomphakathi zivame ukusebenza ezimweni ezikhohlisiwe ngokwezombangazwe. Zingase zibhekane nokucindezela kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe, abaholi beqembu, noma amaqembu ezenteleko ukuba zenze izenzo ezingqubuzana nezibopho zazo ezingokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, inceku kahulumeni esebenzayo ingacelwa ukuba ifake umthetho oyisimo, ingawunaki umthetho, noma ithande umsekeli wezombangazwe ekuqashweni. Ukumelana nokucindezela okunjalo kudinga isibindi, kodwa futhi nempucuko eqinile yezenhlangano kanye nesivikelo esingokomthetho senkonzo yasobala engekho kwesigaba somphakathi.

Ukuwohloka Kwemithombo Yezinto Nezinkinga Zokuziphatha

Imali elinganiselwe, ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi, nokufunwa okukhulu kungaphoqelela izisebenzi zomphakathi ukuba ziphumele ekuthengiseni okunzima kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Uma imithombo yemali intuthu, kumelwe ihlele kusengaphambili − kodwa kufanele ikwenze kanjani ngokulinganayo? Ngokwesibonelo, umnyango wezempilo onezilinganiso ezilinganiselwe zokugoma kufanele unqume ukuthi ubani ozithatha kuqala. Izisebenzi zomphakathi zidinga izimiso zokulungisa izimiso ezingokokuziphatha ukuze ziqondise lezi zinkinga ngokucace nangokungenaphutha.

Ukuntuleka Kokuqeqeshwa Nesiko

Ngisho nezimiso ezingcono kakhulu zezimiso zokuziphatha azisebenzi uma izisebenzi zingazi ukuthi zingazisebenzisa kanjani. Ukungaqeqeshelwa njalo izindinganiso zokuziphatha nokwenza izinqumo kungashiya izisebenzi zomphakathi zingazilungele izinselele zangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma impucuko yenhlangano ibekezelela iziphambeko ezincane noma idumaza ukukhuluma, ukuziphatha okungenazimiso kungakhubazeka. Ukwakha isimilo kudinga umzamo oqhubekayo ekuholeni nasemfundweni yabantu.

Izikhundla Zokuthuthukisa Ukuziphatha Okunobunono

Ukuthuthukisa isimo esiqinile sokuziphatha emsebenzini womphakathi kudinga indlela ehlukahlukene yokuhlanganisa imfundo, ukuhola, umklamo wezinhlangano, nokugcinwa kwemithetho.

Imfundo Nokuqeqeshwa Okuqhubekayo

Izimiso ezisemthethweni ezisemthethweni, ezisemthethweni kufanele zibe isisekelo senhlangano yonke yenkonzo yomphakathi. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kudlule ngalé kokwenza nje imithetho − kufanele kuhlanganise izifundo ezithinta abantu, ukuvivinya umzimba, nezingxoxo zezinkinga zezezimiso ezingokoqobo. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kuvumelaniswe nezindima ezihlukene nezingalo zomthwalo wemfanelo, kusukela kuzisebenzi eziphezulu kuya kubaphathi abakhulu. Izifundo zokuqabulisa nokulungisa imithetho emisha noma imithetho nakho kubalulekile.

Ukuhola Ukuzinikela Nendima

Abaholi bamisa indlela yokuziphatha. Uma izikhulu eziphakeme zibonisa ubuqotho, ukubonakala, nokulandisa, zidlulisela umyalezo ocacile wokuthi isimilo sibalulekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho abaholi benquma noma beziphatha ngokungenazimiso, kulimaza sonke isimilo. Izinhlangano zenkonzo yomphakathi kufanele zikhethe futhi zithuthukise abaholi ngokusekelwe embhalweni wazo wezimiso zokuziphatha, futhi zibasekele ezindinganisweni eziphakeme.

Ukwenziwa kwesakhelo sokwakha ifreyimu

Izisebenzi zomphakathi ziyazuza emamathuluzini awusizo asiza ukuba zibhekane nezinkinga zezimiso. Izinhlangano eziningi zithatha uhlelo olulandelana: (1) iphuzu lezimiso zokuziphatha, (2) qoqa amaqiniso, (3) hlola ukukhetha okusekelwe ezimisweni zezimiso zezimiso zezimiso nemithetho, (4) cabangela ithonya elikhona kubafaki-cala, (5) ukwenza isinqumo, futhi (6) ukucabanga ngemiphumela. Izinqubo ezinjalo zinikeza indlela ehleliwe evimbela izinqumo ezisheshayo noma ezinesu elinobandlululo.

Ukuqinisa Imishini Yokulandisa

Ukulandisa akukhona nje ngesijeziso kuphela, kodwa ukusungula izimiso ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle nokubona izinkinga ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulawula kwangaphakathi okuqinile, ukuphenya njalo, ukubika okucace kakhulu, nokuqondisa okuzimele. Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi kufanele kuhlanganise ukuziphatha okuhle njengendinganiso eyisihluthulelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zomvuzo zingaqaphela izisebenzi ezibonisa ubuqotho obuyisibonelo.

Ikusasa Lezimiso Zenkonzo Yomphakathi

Njengoba umhlaba ushintsha, kungokufanayo nangezinselele zokuziphatha ezibhekene nezisebenzi zomphakathi.

Ukuhlakanipha Okuyenziwe Nobucukubhezi Bomthetho

Ohulumeni basebenzisa i-Al ngokwandayo ukwenza noma ukutshela izinqumo .(ukusukela ekusebenziseni inhlalakahle engcono kupholishi.) Lezi zimiso zingaveza ubandlululo, ukubonakala, nokuguqula ukulandisa kwabantu kuvele emishinini. Izisebenzi zomphakathi kumelwe ziqinisekise ukuthi izimiso ze-Al ziklanywe futhi zisetshenziswe ngokwezimiso, ngokuqondisa kwabantu, ngokulunga, nangokuhlola okungagwegwesi, kanye nezincazelo ezicacile zendlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo.

Umsebenzi Okude Nezimiso Ezingokwezinombolo

Lomqedazwe washeshisa ukushintshela emsebenzini oqhelile wezisebenzi eziningi zomphakathi. Nakuba lokhu kunenzuzo, kuphakamisa futhi imibuzo engokokuziphatha ngokuphathelene nokulondeka kokwaziswa, imingcele yokuphila, nokulandisa. Izinhlangano zingaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi izisebenzi zigcina ubuqotho nokufihla imfihlo lapho zisebenza ekhaya? Izimiso ezicacile eziphathelene nezimiso zokusebenza ezikude nokuziphatha kobuchwepheshe zibalulekile.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nezici Zomphakathi

Izisebenzi zomphakathi zingakwazi ukuhlukanisa abantu, zixoxe ngezindaba eziyimfihlo noma zihlanganyele ezezombusazwe ezihlukene. Ohulumeni abaningi baye balungisa izimiso zabo zokuziphatha ukuze bakhulume ngemithombo yezokuxhumana, bagcizelela ukuthi izisebenzi zomphakathi kumelwe zilondoloze ubuchwepheshe kuyi - Internet.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zokuziphatha zenkonzo yomphakathi ziyindawo ephilayo, edinga ukunakwa njalo nokuzibophezela. Amathemba abekwe ezincekwini zomphakathi aphakeme, futhi ngesizathu esihle: anamandla athinta izigidi zabantu. Ukusekela ubuqotho, ukubonakala, ukubhekana, ukulandisa, nokuqondisa inkonzo akuwona nje umsebenzi owesibopho, nokuphathiswa okungcwele. Ngokufaka imali emfundweni, ekuholeni, ekuvikeleni izinhlangano, nasesikweni lezimiso zokuziphatha, ohulumeni bangakha ukuqiniseka komphakathi futhi banikeze izinkonzo ezifanele izakhamuzi.