Table of Contents
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho ezimweni zansuku zonke kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikelwa okulinganayo ngaphansi komthetho futhi ulondoloze inkululeko yakho yomphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyathenga esitolo, usebenzelana nomthetho, usebenza emsebenzini wakho, noma umane uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, ukwazi ukuthi isivikelo sakho esingokomthetho sikunika amandla okusabela ngokufanele nangokuqiniseka lapho kuphakama izinselele. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sihlola amalungelo abalulekile avikela abantu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zansuku zonke futhi sinikeza ukwaziswa okukusiza ukuba uqonde izimo lapho lawomalungelo esengozini.
Isisekelo Sesivikelo Esilinganayo Ngaphansi KoMthetho
Isivikelo esilinganayo sisho ukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe asebenzise imithetho yakhe ngokungakhethi futhi angeke aphathe abantu ngendlela ehlukile ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo.
Isisusa esiyinhloko sale nkulumo kwakuwukuqinisekisa amalungiselelo alinganayo aqukethwe eMthethweni Wamalungelo Omphakathi ka - 1866, owawuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi zaziyoba nelungelo lokuvikelwa ngokufanayo ngomthetho. Nakuba ekuqaleni zazigxile ekuvikeleni amalungelo abantu ababegqilaziwe ngemva kweMpi Yombango, i - After Protection Claus ivele ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze ihlanganise iziphetho eziningi.
I---ligated evame kakhulu----idla ngokusetshenziswa kakhulu----intence i-"isivikelo esilinganayo semithetho", esivelele kakhulu ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zengqopha - mlando, kuhlanganise neBrown v. Board of Education (inani lezemfundo), Roe v. Wade (ilungelo lokuthola kabusha), Bush v. Gore (ukulandisa), Reed v. Reed (ubandlululo), kanye ne University of California v. Bakke (izilinganiso zemfundo). Lezinqumo zephawu zibonisa indlela izimiso zesivikelo ezilingana ngayo zidlulela kuzo zonke izici zokuphila komphakathi.
Indlela Isivikelo Esilingana Ngayo Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke
Isivikelo esilinganayo asisho ukuthi uhulumeni ngeke ahlukanise, kusho ukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe ube nezizathu ezanele, futhi ngezigaba ezithile, izinkantolo zifuna ukuthethelelwa okunamandla kakhulu. Lesi simiso siqinisekisa ukuthi nakuba ohulumeni nezinhlangano bengenza umehluko onengqondo phakathi kwamaqembu abantu, lokho kuhlukanisa akunakuba okuwumthetho noma okusekelwe ezindleleni zobandlululo ezinqatshelwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesivikelo esifanayo kudlulela ngalé kwesenzo sikahulumeni ukuze kuhlanganiswe nezinhlangano eziningi ezizimele ezikhonza umphakathi. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi sivikelo zisebenza kungasisiza ukuba siqaphele ukuthi amalungelo akho angase ephulwe nini nokuthi ungaba yini usizo.
Amalungelo Angokomthetho Ezindaweni Zomphakathi Nezindawo Zomphakathi
Izindawo zomphakathi nezindawo zomphakathi ziyizindawo lapho izimiso zokuvikela ezilinganayo zisebenza khona ngokukhethekile nsuku zonke. Lezi sivikelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abantu bangathola izimpahla, izinkonzo, nezindawo ngaphandle kokucwaswa okungekho emthethweni.
Lokho Okubangela Izindawo Zomphakathi Zokuhlala
Emthetho waseUnited States, izindawo zomphakathi zokulala ngokuvamile zichazwa njengezindawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisobala noma zingezomuntu, ezisetshenziswa umphakathi uwonke.
Imithetho yendawo yokuhlala yomphakathi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa umuntu nomaphi lapho engekho ekhaya, emsebenzini, noma esikoleni, kuhlanganise nezitolo, izitolo zokudlela, amapaki, amahhotela, amahhovisi odokotela, namabhange. Lencazelo ebanzi isho ukuthi izikhungo eziningi zezentengiselwano nezinkampani zenkonzo ohlangana nazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke zingaphansi kwemithetho yendawo yomphakathi yokuhlala.
Ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, izinhlobo ezithile zezindawo zimbozwe ngokucacile. Indawo ngayinye kwezilandelayo iyindawo yokuhlala yomphakathi kulesihloko uma imisebenzi yayo ithinta ezentengiselwano, noma uma ibandlululo noma ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kusekelwa umsebenzi woMbuso: (1) noma yiziphi iziteshi, ihhotela, ihotela, noma enye indawo enikeza izivakashi indawo yokuhlala, ngaphandle kwendawo engaphakathi kwesakhiwo esingenazo izindlu ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu zokuqasha noma iholo futhi ehlala isakhiwo esisetshenziswa ngempela yindawo engaphandle kwesakhiwo esifana neyakhekhe; (2) noma isiphi isakhiwo sokudla, indawo yokudlela, indawo yokudlela, indawo yokudlela, indawo yokudlela, umthombo wesidlo, impela, noma esinye isakhiwo esihileleke ngokuyinhloko ekuthengisweni kokudla ezindlini, kuhlanganise, nanoma yisiphi isakhiwo esisezindaweni zokuthengisa isakhiwo esithile; noma isiphi isakhiwo somphakathi senkundla semidlalo, noma enye inkundla yemidlalo, noma enye inkundla yemidlalo.
Isivikelo Samazwe Azimele Ekucwaseni Ubandlululo Ezindaweni Zomphakathi
Bonke abantu bayoba nelungelo lokujabulela impahla, izinkonzo, izinkonzo, amalungelo, izinzuzo, nendawo yokuhlala yanoma iyiphi indawo yomphakathi, njengoba kuchazwe kulengxenye, ngaphandle kokucwaswa ngenxa yobuhlanga, ibala, inkolo, noma umsuka wesizwe. Lesivikelo, esimiswe yiSihlokwana II seSivumelo samaLungelo Omphakathi ka 1964, sakha isisekelo somthetho womphakathi wendawo.
Ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni wase-U.S., izindawo zokulala zomphakathi kumelwe zitholakale kwabakhubazekile futhi zingase zingabandlululi ngesisekelo so "mkhondo, umbala, inkolo, noma umsuka wezwe". AmaMelika anesifo sokukhubazeka andisa ngokwengeziwe lezisivikelo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi abantu abakhubazekile bayakwazi ukungena.
Akukho muntu oyobandlululwa ngenxa yokukhubazeka okugcwele nokulinganayo ekujabuleleni impahla, izinkonzo, izakhiwo, amalungelo, izinzuzo, noma indawo yokuhlala yanoma yimuphi umuntu ohlala nowakhe, intela (noma intela), noma indawo yokuhlala yomphakathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhizinisi kumelwe anikeze izindawo zokuhlala ezifanele futhi aqinisekise izakhiwo zawo zifinyeleleka kubantu abakhubazekile.
Izivikelo Zomphakathi Ezisemgceni Kahulumeni
Izifunda eziningi zinikeza isivikelo esingaphezu komthetho kahulumeni. Zonke izifunda ezinomthetho womphakathi wokuhlala zinqabela ukucwaswa ngenxa yohlanga, ubulili, uhlu lozalo nenkolo. Nokho, izici ezithile ezivikelwe ziyahluka ngokwezwe, ezinye izifundazwe zinikeza isivikelo esikhulu kunezinye.
Kusukela ngo-2015, izifunda 45 zinomthetho womphakathi omelene nokungavumelani kwabantu abangakhubazekile. Imithetho yonke ivikela ekucwaseni okusekelwe ohlazweni, ebulilini, ebuhlanga nasenkolo. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zandisa izivikelo zazo ukuze zihlanganise izigaba ezengeziwe njengeminyaka yobudala, ukudabuka kobulili, kanye nokuzichaza kobulili.
Ukuqaphela Ukubandlululwa Ezindaweni Zomphakathi
Ngokuvamile, ukucwaswa kwezindawo zomphakathi kwenzeka lapho othile enqatshelwe ukungena ezikhungweni zebhizinisi noma kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nohulumeni wendawo nombuso. Kungenzeka uma izinkonzo zikhishwe ngokuqondile, njengalapho umuntu enqatshelwe ukuvunyelwa. Kungenzeka futhi uma othile encishwa inkonzo efanayo; ngokwesibonelo, uma bekhokhwa imali ehlukile noma benikezwa inkonzo engaphansi.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ubandlululo lunjani kungakusiza ukuba ubone lapho amalungelo akho ephulwa.Izibonelo zobandlululo olungekho emthethweni ezindaweni zomphakathi zokulala zihlanganisa indawo yokudlela enqaba ukukhonza amakhasimende asekelwe ohlalweni lwawo noma enkolweni, ihhotela elikhokhayo elisekelwe ekudalweni kwesizwe, isitolo sokudayisa izinto ezigodla umuntu ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwakhe, noma inkundla yemidlalo yemidlalo enqabela ukuvunyelwa ngenxa yobulili noma ukulawulwa ngokobulili ezindaweni lapho ubandlululo olunjalo lwenqatshelwe khona.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akuvunyelwe nokucwasa othile ngenxa yokuthi uye wamelana nokucwaswa okungekho emthethweni, wafaka isikhalo, noma wasiza ekuhlolweni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuziphindiselela, futhi umthetho uvikela labo abamelene nokuziphatha okungemthetho.
Amalungelo Phakathi Nezenzo Zokungenela Umthetho
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho lapho usebenzelana namaphoyisa noma nezinye izisebenzi eziphoqelela umthetho kubalulekile ukuze uzivikele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukuhlangana kuyaqhubeka ngokomthetho.
Ukuvikelwa Komthetho - sisekelo Phakathi Nokuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa
Izinguquko eziningana kuMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. zinikeza isivikelo phakathi nokumiswa komthetho. ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeli nasekuqulekeni, isiPhunziso sesihlanu sinikeza ilungelo lokumelana nokuziphikisa, futhi iSichibiyelo sesithupha siqinisekisa ilungelo leseluleko somthetho ezimpikiswaneni zobugebengu.
Ilungelo lokuthula lingenye yesivikelo esiyisisekelo onaso phakathi nokuhlangana namaphoyisa. Lelilungelo lisekelwe ekuvikelweni kweSichibiyelo sesihlanu ekuzichaseni. Awudingi ukuphendula imibuzo evela ekuqikelweni komthetho ngaphandle kokunikeza ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo ezimweni ezithile. Ukusebenzisa lelilungelo akunakusetshenziswa kuwe njengobufakazi becala.
Ilungelo Lokumelela Ngokomthetho
Uma uphenywa amaphoyisa esendaweni eqanjwe ummeli, unelungelo lokucela ummeli, futhi kumelwe ume kuze kube yilapho ummeli wakho ekhona. Uma ungenayo imali yokuthenga ummeli, kumelwe unikezwe izindleko zecala.
Kubalulekile ukucela ilungelo lakho kummeli ngokucacile futhi ngokucacile uma ufisa ukulisebenzisa. Ukumane uthi "Ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli" noma "Ngifuna ummeli wami abe khona" kwanele. Uma nje ubiza lelilungelo, ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kumelwe uyeke ukubuza kuze kube yilapho ummeli wakho efika.
Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zokuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa
Akuyona yonke imishabalalo efanayo namaphoyisa, futhi amalungelo akho angase ahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi kunjani ukuhlangana namaphoyisa. Kuvame ukuba nezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlangana namaphoyisa: ukuhlangana kwe-consensual, ukuma kwamaphoyisa (okwaziwa nangokuthi iTerry simet), nokuboshwa. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlanganisa amazinga ahlukene egunya lamaphoyisa namalungelo abantu ngabanye.
Phakathi nokuhlangana okuvamile, ukhululekile ukuba uhambe futhi akudingeki ukuba uphendule imibuzo. Ukuma kophengululi kwenzeka lapho amaphoyisa eba nokungabaza okunengqondo kokuthi uhilelekile emsebenzini wobugebengu. Phakathi nokuma okunjalo, ungase uvalelwe okwesikhashana futhi isikhulu singasithatha isikhala sezikhali uma sinokungabaza okunengqondo. Ukuboshwa kwenzeka uma amaphoyisa enesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi uye wenze ubugebengu, futhi awukhululekile ukuhamba.
Amalungelo Okuhlola
ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ekuphenyisweni okungenangqondo nasekuqubukeni. Ngokuvamile, amaphoyisa adinga imvume yokuhlola ikhaya lakho, umuntu wakho, noma impahla yakho. Nokho, kunezinto eziningi ezihlukile kulemfuneko egunyaziwe, kuhlanganise nokuphenya isenzakalo esiholela ekuboshweni ngokomthetho, ukuhlola ngemvume, ukusesha izimoto ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, nezimo eziphuthumayo.
Unelungelo lokwenqaba ukuvuma ukuseshwa uma amaphoyisa engenalo imvume. Uma iphoyisa licela ukusesha imoto yakho, ikhaya, noma impahla, ungakwehla ngesizotha ngokuthi "Angivumi ukusesha." Nokho, uma amaphoyisa enemvume esemthethweni noma uma imfuneko ingekho esebenzayo, bangase bafune ngisho noma ungayivumile.
Ukuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa Okubhala Umbhalo
Ezimweni eziningi, unelungelo lokuqopha amaphoyisa enza imisebenzi yawo ezindaweni zomphakathi, uma nje ungaphazamisi umsebenzi wawo. Lelilungelo liye laqashelwa izinkantolo eziningi njengendlela ebalulekile yokuhlola amandla amaphoyisa nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukulandisa. Nokho, imithetho eqondile ingase ihlukahluka ngokwamandla, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqonda imithetho yendawo.
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aye ophulwe phakathi nokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa, bhala konke ongakukhumbula ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kuhlanganise namagama abaphathi nezinombolo zamabheji, isikhathi nendawo okuhlangane nabo, okwashiwo, amagama nokwaziswa kofakazi. Le mibhalo ingabaluleka kakhulu uma unquma ukubhala isikhalo noma uphishekele isinyathelo esingokomthetho.
Amalungelo Omsebenzi Nezivikelo
Imisebenzi ingenye indawo ebucayi lapho kubalulekile khona ukuqonda amalungelo akho. imithetho kahulumeni nokahulumeni inikeza izisebenzi isivikelo esiningi, ihlanganisa konke kusukela ekucwaseni nasekuhlukunyezweni kuya eholweni, ezimweni zokusebenza, nasekulondekeni.
Isivikelo Ekucwaseni Umsebenzi
Isihloko VII se-Civil Rights Act ka-1964 singumthetho oyinhloko kahulumeni owenqabela ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi. Kukwenza kube okungekho semthethweni ngabaqashi ukuba bacwase izisebenzi noma abafaki bemisebenzi ngenxa yebala, ibala, inkolo, ubulili, noma imvelaphi yobuzwe.
Umqondo wobandlululo lobulili ngaphansi kwesihloko uchazwa kabanzi njengohlanganisa ubandlululo olusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekuhlukunyezweni ngokobulili, futhi, ezinqumweni zamuva nje zeNkantolo Ephakeme, ubandlululo olusekelwe ekubukekeni kobulili nasekuzimeni kwabobulili obuhlukile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abaqashi abanakwenza izinqumo zemisebenzi ezisekelwe kulezi zici noma badala isimo somsebenzi esimelene nabo.
Ezinye Izici Ezivikelwe
Ngaphandle kwesihloko VII, eminye imithetho kahulumeni ivikela ezinye izici. I-Age Discrimination in Act (ADEA) inqabela ukucwaswa kwezisebenzi nabaceli bemisebenzi abaneminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu. AmaMelika anezifo zokukhubazeka avimbela ukucwaswa kwabantu abafanelekayo abakhubazekile futhi afuna abaqashi ukuba banikeze indawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ubunzima obungadingekile.
IGenetic Information Nondicrinication Act (GINA) inqabela ubandlululo olusekelwe ekwazisweni okungokofuzo, kuhlanganise nomlando wezokwelapha ekhaya. I-Prenapareas Divation Act, ukuguqula i-Title VII, ivimbela ngokuqondile ubandlululo olusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekuzaleni, noma ezimweni ezihlobene nalezindawo zezokwelapha. Izifunda eziningi nezindawo zinikeza isivikelo esengeziwe esingaphezu kwalemithetho kahulumeni, esihlanganisa izici ezinjengokuhlala emshadweni, ukuhlangana kwezombangazwe, noma ezinye izigaba.
Ukuqonda Ukuhlukunyezwa Emsebenzini
Ukuhlukunyezwa kuwuhlobo oluthile lobandlululo oluphula imithetho yamalungelo omphakathi. Ukuhlukunyezwa emsebenzini kuba okungavunyelwe lapho ukukhuthazelela ukuziphatha okucasulayo kuba isimo somsebenzi oqhubekayo, noma lapho ukuziphatha okunzima noma okusakazeke ngokwanele ukuba kwakhe isimo somsebenzi umuntu onengqondo angasibheka njengesisabisayo, esinobutha, noma esihlambalazayo.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kungahlanganisa amahlaya acasulayo, amahlazo, ukugcona, ukuhlasela noma ukusongela, ukwesabisa, ukugcona noma ukugcona, ukugconwa, ukugconwa noma ukugconwa, izinto ezihlazisayo noma izithombe, kanye nokuphazamisa ukusebenza. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umhlukumezi angaba umphathi, umkhapheli, noma ngisho nomphathi ongeyena umqaphi.
Abaqashi banesibopho esingokomthetho sokuvimbela nokubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa emsebenzini. Uma uhlukunyezwa, kufanele ubika ngenqubo yokukhononda yomqashi wakho noma kumphathi wakho. Uma umqashi wakho ehluleka ukuthatha isinyathelo esifanele, ungafaka icala nge-Uncili Yomsebenzi (EOC) i-Universal Opportunity Commission (EOC) noma i-projectives yemisebenzi kazwelonke.
Iholo Namalungelo Ehora
I-Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) imisa iholo elilinganiselwe, iholo elithatha isikhathi eside, ukugcinwa kwemali, nokugcinwa kwezingane, kanye nezindinganiso zezisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele nesigamu sezisebenzi zasengxenyeni eyimfihlo nasengxenyeni yombuso, ezweni, nakohulumeni bendawo. Ngaphansi kwe FLSA, izisebenzi ezingenayo ilahleko, kumelwe zikhokhelwe okungenani imali encane kahulumeni kuwo wonke amahora asetshenzwayo futhi zikhokhelwe isikhathi esengeziwe ngesilinganiso esisodwa nesigamu sesilinganiso sasikhathi sazo semali ezisebenza amahora angaphezulu kwamashumi amane ngesonto.
Izifunda eziningi zinemithetho yazo yeholo elilinganiselwe, futhi uma kokubili imithetho kahulumeni nohulumeni isebenza, izisebenzi zinelungelo lokuthola iholo eliphansi. Abaqashi kudingeka bagcine amarekhodi anembile amahora asetshenzwayo neholo elikhokhwayo, futhi izisebenzi zinelungelo lokuthola la marekhodi. Ukweba kwemali, kuhlanganise nokwehluleka ukukhokha iholo elilinganiselwe, ukwehluleka ukukhokha umsebenzi owengeziwe, noma ukuthatha ihora lomsebenzi, akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho futhi kungabikwa kuMnyango we-Wage ne-Hour Division.
Amalungelo Okuphepha Emisebenzi
I-Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) ifuna abaqashi ukuba banikeze indawo yomsebenzi ekhululekile ezingozini eziqaphelekayo ezibangela ukufa noma ezingase zibangele ukulimala okungathi sína ngokomzimba. Abaqashi banelungelo lokuya emsebenzini ophephile, ilungelo lokuqeqeshelwa ngezingozi emsebenzini, ilungelo lokuthola amarekhodi okulimala nokugula okuhlobene nomsebenzi, kanye nelungelo lokukhala nge-OSHA uma bekholelwa ukuthi kunezimo ezingaphephile noma ezingakhisi emsebenzini labo.
Okubalulekile, abaqashi benqatshelwe ukuphindisela izisebenzi ezisebenzisa amalungelo azo ngaphansi kwe-OSHA. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awunakuxoshwa, uhliswe, noma ujeziswe ngokubika ukukhathazeka kokuphepha, ukukhipha isikhalo se-OSHA, noma ukuhlanganyela ekuhloleni i-OSHA. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uye wabhekana nokuphindisela ngenxa yokukhuza izinkathazo zokuphepha, ungafaka isikhalo sokushaya ikhwelo ku-OSHE.
Amacembe Omkhaya Nezokwelapha
IFamily and Medical Pact (FMLA) igunyaza izisebenzi ezifanele zabaqashi ababoshelwe ukuba zithathe ikhefu elingakhokhelwa, elivikelwe ngenxa yezizathu ezicacisiwe zomkhaya nezokwelapha. Izisebenzi ezingakholeki zingathatha amasonto angu-12 ekhefu ngenkathi yezinyanga ezingu-12 ukuze zizalwe noma zithole umntwana wokutholwa, zinakekele umngane womshado, ingane, noma umzali onesimo sempilo esinzima, noma impilo engathi sína yesisebenzi esizenza zingakwazi ukusebenza.
Phakathi nekhefu leFMLA, abaqashi kumele balondoloze umshuwalense wempilo wesisebenzi ngaphansi kwemibandela efanayo njengokungathi isisebenzi siqhubeke sisebenza. Uma sibuya efonsini leFMLA, izisebenzi kumelwe zibuyiselwe emsebenzini wazo wokuqala noma emsebenzini olinganayo onemali elinganayo, izinzuzo, nezinye izimo kanye nezimo zomsebenzi. Ezinye izifundazwe zinikeza umkhaya nezivikelo zempilo ngaphezu kwalokho okufunwa umthetho kahulumeni.
Amalungelo Ahlobene Nendawo Yokuhlala Enengqondo
Ngaphansi kweMelika enoMthetho wokukhubazeka, abaqashi kumelwe banikeze izisebenzi ezifanelekayo indawo yokuhlala efanelekile ezikhubazekile ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ubunzima obungadingekile kumqashi. Izindawo zokuhlala ezilinganiselayo ziwukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa komsebenzi, indawo yomsebenzi, noma indlela izinto ezivame ukwenziwa ngayo okwenza umuntu ofanelekayo okhubazekile akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile.
Izibonelo zezindawo zokulala ezinengqondo zihlanganisa ukwenza ukuba izakhiwo ezikhona zitholakale, ukuhlelwa kabusha komsebenzi, izimiso zomsebenzi ezilungisiwe, ukuthola noma ukulungisa imishini, ukunikeza abafundi abafanelekayo noma abatoliki, nokusayina indawo engekho. Inqubo yendawo yokuhlala isebenzisana, okusho izisebenzi nabaqashi kufanele bahlanganyele engxoxweni ukuze banqume ukuthi indawo yokuhlala idingakala kuphi nokuthi yini enengqondo.
Amalungelo Ezindlu Nezikhungo Zokuvikela Izindlu Ezinhle
Imithetho yezindlu elungile ivikela abantu ekukhetheni lapho beqasha, bethenga, noma bekhokha ngokwezimali ukuze bathole indawo yokuhlala. UMthetho weFair Howation unqabela ukucwaswa kwezindlu ezisekelwe ngokohlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yobuzwe, inkolo, ubulili, isikhundla sobulili, nokukhubazeka. Lesivikelo sisebenza ezindlini eziningi, kuhlanganise nezindlu zokuqasha, ukuthengwa kwezindlu, ukuboleka, neminye imisebenzi ehlobene nezindlu.
Lokho Imithetho Yezindlu Ekushoyo
Izindawo zokuvikela izindlu ezifanele zisebenza ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nemisebenzi. Akuvunyelwe ukucwasa ngokuhlukanisa ekuthengiseni noma ekuqasheleni izindlu, ekukhangiseni ukuthengiswa noma ukuqashwa kwezindlu, ekuxhaseni ngokwezimali, ekunikezeleni izakhiwo, ekulungiseleleni izinkonzo zezindawo, noma ekuhloleni indawo yokuhlala. Ubandlululo lungathatha izindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise nokwenqaba ukuqasha noma ukuthengisa indlu, ukumisa izinkonzo noma izimo zezindlu ezihlukene, ukunikeza izinkonzo noma izakhiwo, ukuphika ngokungeyikho kwamacala okuthi indlu ikhona, noma ukuqondisa abantu ezindaweni ezithile ezisekelwe ezivikelweni.
Izindawo Zokuhlala Nezindawo Zokuhlalisana Ngezindlela Ezifanele
Ngaphansi kwemithetho yezindlu elungile, abanikazi bezindlu kumelwe benze indawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe ngemithetho, izimiso, imikhuba, noma izinkonzo lapho kudingeka ukuba bathenge umuntu okhubazekile ithuba elifanayo lokusebenzisa nokujabulela indawo yokuhlala. Ngokwesibonelo, umninindlu kungase kudingeke avumele isilwane esiwusizo ngisho nakungekho sakhiwo sephayipi, noma avumele indawo egciniwe yokupaka eseduze nomnyango womuntu onemingcele yokunyakaza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagcini bezindlu kumelwe bavumele ukulungisa okunengqondo ezindaweni zokuhlala noma ezivamile lapho kudingeka ukuba umuntu okhubazekile asebenzise ngokugcwele futhi ajabulele indlu. Nakuba abaqashi bevame ukuthwala izindleko zokulungisa izindlu zokuqasha, kwezinye izimo kungase kudingeke ukuba abanikazi bezindlu bakhokhele ukulungisa izindawo ezivamile. Ezindaweni ezintsha zemikhaya eminingi, abakhi kumelwe bahlanganise izici ezithile zokutholakala.
Izivikelo Zesimo Esibucayi
Isivikelo seFair House Act esisekelwe esimweni esiphansi sisho ukuthi abagcini bezindlu abanakucwasa imikhaya enabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 abahlala nabazali noma abagcini abasemthethweni, abesifazane abakhulelwe, noma abantu abavikela izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhaya ayinqatshelwa indawo yokuhlala, iqashiwe kakhulu, noma ibekwe emagameni ahlukene ngenxa nje yokuthi inabantwana.
Kukhona ukunqatshelwa kwezindawo zokuvikela izakhamuzi, ngokuyinhloko ezilungiselelwe abantu abadala ngokukhethekile. Izindlu zabantu abadala zihlanganisa izindlu ezihloselwe abantu abaneminyaka engu-62 noma ngaphezulu kuphela, noma izindlu ezihloselwe ukuhlala futhi ezisetshenziswa umuntu oyedwa okungenani iminyaka engu-55 noma ngaphezulu, lapho okungenani angu-80% ezingxenyeni ezisetshenziswa khona okungenani umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu.
Amalungelo Emfundo Nokutholakala Kwawo Ngokulinganayo
Abafundi banelungelo elibalulekile lokulingana ngamathuba emfundo angenalo ubandlululo. Isihloko VI soMthetho we-Civil Rights sinqabela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ngokohlanga, ibala, noma umsuka wezwe emikhakheni nasemisebenzini ethola usizo lwezimali lukahulumeni, oluhlanganisa izikole eziningi zomphakathi nezikole eziningi ezizimele.
Isivikelo Ekucwaseni Izikole
Izikole azinakukhetha ezivumelwaneni, ezijoyina abanye, ezisizayo ezifundweni, ezifundweni, ezifundweni, ezifundisa abafundi, ezelulekweni, eziqondisweni, eziyalweni zekilasi, ezifundisa umsebenzi, ezifundweni ezingokomzimba, ezikoleni zemidlalo, ezisemzileni wemidlalo, noma emsebenzini.
Abafundi abakhubazekile banezindlela ezengeziwe zokuvikela ngaphansi kwe - Arevers With Disecultial Education Act (IDEA), i-Cate 504 ye-Rehabilitation Act, kanye ne-Melika enoMthetho wokukhubazeka. Le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi abakhubazekile bathola imfundo yomphakathi efanelekile mahhala endaweni engaphansi kwemingcele, enezindawo zokuhlala nezinkonzo ezidingekayo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo ngabanye.
Amalungelo Okuhlela Afanele Ekuyaleni Kwesikole
Abafundi ezikoleni zomphakathi banamalungelo afanele ngaphambi kokuba babhekane nemiphumela engathi sína yokujezisa. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokuqaphela amacala abamangalelwa ngawo, ukuchazwa kobufakazi, nethuba lokuveza uhlangothi lwabo lwendaba. Izenzo ezingathi sína kakhulu njengezigwegwe noma ukuxoshwa okuthatha isikhathi eside, kungadingeka izinqubo ezengeziwe ezingokomthetho.
Ukufuna Amalungelo Nokuhlanganyela Kwezombangazwe
Ilungelo lokuvota liyisisekelo sokuhlanganyela ekuthatheni idemokrasi, futhi imithetho eminingi ivikela lelilungelo. UMthetho weVoting Rights unqabela ukucwaswa kohlanga ekuvoteni, kuyilapho iNational Voter Brigister Act yenza kube lula ngezakhamuzi ezifanelekayo ukuba zibhaliswe ukuze zivote. IHelp America Vote Act imisa izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe ezizweni eziningi ezisezindaweni eziyinhloko zokuqondisa ukhetho.
Isivikelo Ekucwaseni Abanye
Akuvunyelwe ukuvota ngokukhetha okusekelwe ohlazweni, ebala, noma ebuntwaneni olimi oluncane. Izwe nezindawo azikwazi ukusebenzisa imikhuba yokuvota esekelwe kulezi zici. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isivikelo emikhubeni elulaza amandla okuvota amancane, njengezinhlelo ezithile zokukhetha ezivuselelayo noma izimiso ezinkulu ezivimbela abavoti abambalwa ukuba bangakhethi abakhetha bona.
Abakhubazekile banelungelo lokuthola indawo yokuvota nezimiso zokuvota. I-Help America Vote Act ifuna ukuba izindawo zokuvota zingeneke ngokomzimba futhi kutholakale okungenani isimiso esisodwa sokuvota esifinyelelekayo endaweni ngayinye yokuvota. Abavolontiya abadinga usizo ngenxa yokukhubazeka noma ukungakwazi ukufunda noma ukubhala bangathola usizo kumuntu othandayo, ngaphandle kokukhetha okulinganiselwe.
Isivikelo Ekubeni Nesithukuthezi
Umthetho kaFederal wenqabela ukwesabisa, ukusongela, noma ukubopha noma ukuvota noma ukusiza abanye ukuba bavote. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunqatshelwa kokusakaza ukwaziswa okungamanga ngezimfuneko zokuvota, ukusongela abavoti ngemiphumela engokomthetho yokuvota, noma ukuhlanganyela ekuziphatheni okunonya eduze nezindawo zokuvota eziklanyelwe ukunqabela ukuvota. Uma ubhekana nokuvota noma ufaka ufakazi ekuvoti, ungabika ukuthi ukhetha izikhulu noma kuMnyango wobulungisa.
Amalungelo Nokulondeka Kwabathengi
Abathengisi banamalungelo ahlukahlukene lapho bethenga izinto nezinkonzo, bethenga izikweletu, futhi besebenzelana nabaqongeleli bezikweletu.
Ukukhokha Namalungelo
I - Act elingana ne - Creditounity ivimbela abakweletwayo abamelene nokukhokhwa kwezicelo ngesisekelo sohlanga, ibala, inkolo, umsuka wesizwe, ubulili, ukuma komshado, ubudala, noma ngenxa yokuthi umuntu ocela usizo lomphakathi.
I-Fair Crenting Report Act ilawula indlela ukwaziswa kwemali yokuthenga ngezimali okuqoqwa ngayo, okusetshenziswayo, futhi okuhlanganyelwayo. Unelungelo lokuthola imibiko yakho yezikweletu, ukuphikisana nokwaziswa okunganembile, futhi waziswe uma ukwaziswa okusembikweni wakho wesikweleti kusetshenziswa ngokumelene nawe esinqumweni sokuthenga ngesikweletu. Unelungelo lokuthola umbiko wesikweletu wamahhala ovela ku-injini ezintathu ezinkulu zokuthenga ngesikweletu kanye ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12.
Ukuvikelwa Ekongweni Lezikweleti Ezingafanele
IFair Declaration Collections Act ivikela abathengi emikhubeni yokukhokha izikweletu exhaphakileyo. Ababoleki bezikweleti abanakukukuhlupha, bakwenzele izinkulumo ezingamanga, noma basebenzise imikhuba engalungile lapho beqoqa izikweletu. Abakwazi ukukubiza ngezikhathi ezingenangqondo, bakuthinta emsebenzini uma ungabatsheli ukuthi ungabatshele, noma uxoxe nabanye ngesikweletu sakho. Unelungelo lokucela isikweletu futhi uxabe izikweleti okholelwa ukuthi azilungile.
Ukuphepha Kwemikhiqizo Nesivikelo Sabathengi
Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezihlukahlukene zivikela abathengi emikhiqizweni eyingozi nasemisebenzini yezebhizinisi engafanele. IConsumer Product Safety Commission isebenza ukuvikela umphakathi ezingozini ezingekho ngqiqweni zokulimala noma zokufa emikhiqizweni yabathengi. IFederal Trade Commission ivikela abathengi emikhubeni yezentengiselwano ekhohlisayo noma engalungile futhi iphoqelela imithetho yokuvikela abathengi.
Amalungelo Okunakekela Impilo Nesivikelo Seziguli
Iziguli zinamalungelo abalulekile lapho zithola izinkonzo zokwelapha. I-Heal Health Inshuwarensial Portability and Acconostic Act (HIPAA) ivikela ulwazi lwakho lwezokwelapha futhi ikunika amalungelo ngaphezu kwamarekhodi akho empilo. Abanakekela impilo kumelwe bagcine ulwazi lwakho lwezokwelapha luyimfihlo futhi bangaluhlanganyela kuphela ezimweni ezilinganiselwe noma nemvume yakho.
Ukukwazi Ukuthola Amarekhodi Okwelapha Nokwaziswa
Unelungelo lokuthola amarekhodi akho ezokwelapha, ucele iziyalezo zokwaziswa okunganembile, futhi uthole isaziso semikhuba yokuzifihla echaza indlela ukwaziswa kwakho okungokwempilo okungase kusetshenziswe futhi kuhlangane nabanye.
Ukungaphazamiseki kwempilo
Ingxenye 1557 yoMthetho we-Affordal Care Act inqabela ukucwaswa kwempilo ngesisekelo sohlanga, ibala, umsuka wesizwe, ubulili, ubudala, noma ukukhubazeka. Abanakekela impilo nezinkampani zemishuwalense yezempilo ezithola izimali zikahulumeni azikwazi ukuphika ukunakekelwa okuhlukene, ukunikeza ukunakekela okuhlukile, noma ukucwasa okusekelwe kulezi zici ezivikelweyo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa ekucatshangisweni komshuwa wempilo nokutholakala ezinkonzweni zempilo.
Amalungelo Okufihla Izindaba Zangasese
Njengoba ukuphila kwethu kungena kuyi - Internet, ukuqonda amalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu kuya kuba okubaluleke nakakhulu.
Ukuxhumana Ngemishini Kuyimfihlo
I-Electronic Communications Act ivikela ucingo, umlomo, nezokuxhumana ngemishini lapho ihamba nalapho igcinwa kumacomputer. Lo mthetho uvimbela uhulumeni ukuba athole imishini yokuxhumana ngama-electronic futhi unqabela ukuvinjelwa okungekho semthethweni kwezokuxhumana ngogesi. Nokho, umthetho unemingcele futhi awuhambisani nobuchwepheshe banamuhla ngezindlela eziningi.
Imfihlo Yabantwana Yangaphakathi
I-Onlinen Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) ivikela imfihlo yezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 ngokufuna amawebhusayithi nezinkonzo ze-inthanethi ukuze zithole imvume yabazali ngaphambi kokuqoqa ukwaziswa komuntu siqu kubantwana. Abazali banelungelo lokubukeza ukwaziswa okuqoqwe kubantwana babo futhi bacele ukuba kususwe.
Imithombo Yokwazi Nokuvikela Amalungelo Akho
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kumane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala; ukwazi ukuthi ungafuna kuphi usizo lapho lawo malungelo ephulwa nakho kubalulekile.
Izinhlangano Zosizo Ezingokomthetho
Izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho zinikeza usizo olungokomthetho ngokukhululekile kubantu ngabanye abathola imali ephansi kanye nemikhaya. Lezinhlangano zingasiza ngezindaba zomthetho zomphakathi eziningi, kuhlanganise nezimpikiswano zezindlu, izindaba zomkhaya, izinkinga zabathengi, kanye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi. Ukuze uthole usizo olungokomthetho endaweni yakini, ungathintana nenhlangano ye-bar yesifunda noma uvakashele iNhlangano Yezinkonzo Zezomthetho kuwebhusayithi .gosv[, okusiza ekusekeleni izinhlelo zosizo ezingokomthetho ezweni lonke.
Izikole eziningi zomthetho zisebenza emitholampilo engokomthetho lapho abafundi bezomthetho, abaqondiswa abameli abangomakad’ibona, benikeza izinkonzo zomthetho mahhala emphakathini.
Imithombo Kahulumeni Nezinkonzo
Izinhlangano zikahulumeni eziningi zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokumisa amalungelo abantu neminye imithetho evikela abantu ezimweni zansuku zonke. iDepartment of Civil Rights Division iphenya futhi iqunge amacala ahilela ukucwaswa kwezindlu, umsebenzi, imfundo, nezinye izindawo.
I-Umeal Obbestoction Commission (EEOC) imisa imithetho kahulumeni enqabela ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uye wacwaswa emsebenzini, ungafaka isimangalo nge-EEOC, esizophenya futhi sithathe isinyathelo ngenxa yakho. I-website ye-EEOC e [FL:0] www.eoc.eoc.[ inikeza ukwaziswa okuningi ngokucwasa ngemithetho yemisebenzi kanye nenqubo yokukhononda.
I-Derrement of Home and Urban Development (UUD) imisa imithetho elungile yezindlu futhi ihlola izikhalazo zokucwaswa kwezindlu. Ungafaka isikhalo nge-HUD kuyi-intanethi, ngocingo, noma ngeposi uma ukholelwa ukuthi ubhekene nokucwaswa kwezindlu.
I - Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) isiza abathengi ngokunikeza ukwaziswa ngemikhiqizo nezinkonzo zezimali nangokwamukela izikhalo ngezinkampani zezezimali.
Amaqembu Ezisebenzi Zomphakathi
Izinhlangano zomphakathi ezisekelwe ekulawuleni umphakathi zisebenza ukuvikela nokuthuthukisa amalungelo amaqembu athile noma ezicini ezithile zomthetho. Izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi njenge-NAACP, i-American Civil Liberations Union (ACLU), ne-National Urban League zisebenza ukulwa nobandlululo nokuvikela inkululeko yomphakathi. Lezizinhlangano zivame ukunikeza usizo olungokomthetho, ukuphatha izikhundla zezemfundo.
Izinhlangano ezigxile ezindabeni ezithile noma emiphakathini zingaba nenzuzo eyigugu. Izinhlangano zamalungelo aphucukileyo, i-LGBTQ+ amaqembu amalungelo abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, kanye nezinye zinikeza ulwazi olukhethekile nokusekela imiphakathi ezikhonza kuyo. Izinhlangano eziningi zalezinhlangano zinikeza izimpahla zakho ezikwaziyo, izikhokhi ezingokomthetho, kanye nosizo oluqondile.
Izinkonzo Zokuhlola Okungokomthetho
Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni nezindawo ze-bar zinikeza abameli abazokuhlanganisa nabameli abasebenza endaweni yomthetho osebenza kuyo. Ezinye izinkampani zebhar zinikeza itshe elinciphileyo noma ukubuza kobukhululekile. Lezi zinkonzo zingakusiza ukuba uthole izimpawu ezisemthethweni ezifanelekayo lapho udinga lona.
Imithombo yomthetho engaphakathi ku-Internet iye yanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. I-Website enjenge- Cornell’s Legal Information Institute inikeza ukufinyelela kwasimahla komthetho, kuhlanganise nombhalo wemithetho kahulumeni nombuso, izinqumo, nezincazelo zenkantolo, nezinto. Nakuba le micebo ingekwazi ukuthatha indawo yeseluleko somthetho esisemthethweni esisemthethweni, ingakusiza ukuba uqonde umthetho namalungelo akho.
Imithombo Yemfundo Nezinto Ozaziyo
Izinhlangano eziningi ziveza izakhi zakho ezikwaziyo ukuzenzela izinto eziqondene nezihloko ezithile, njengamalungelo phakathi nokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa emsebenzini, amalungelo emisebenzi, amalungelo ezindawo zokuhlala, nezinye. Lezi zinto zivame ukutholakala ngezilimi eziningi namafomethi, okwenza ukuba zitholakale emiphakathini ehlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ACLU, inikeza iziyalezo eziningi ezibonisa ilungelo lakho lokwazi ngezihloko kusukela emalungelweni abafundi kuya emalungelweni abo bavela kwamanye amazwe.
Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zikhiqiza nezinto zokufundisa abantu ukuze baqonde amalungelo abo.
Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Lapho Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa
Ukwazi amalungelo akho kubalulekile, kodwa ukuqonda indlela yokuthatha isinyathelo lapho lawomalungelo ephulwa kubaluleke ngokufanayo. izinyathelo ezifanele ziyoxhomeka ohlotsheni lokwephulwa kwawo nasemongweni okwenzeka ngawo.
Ukuphula Imibhalo
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphuliwe, isiqinisekiso esiphelele sibalulekile. Gcina imibhalo eningiliziwe yalokho okwenzekile, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, izindawo, namagama abantu abahilelekile. Gcina noma yimaphi amaphepha ahlobene, ama-imeyili, imiyalezo yemiyalezo, noma obunye ubufakazi. Uma bekhona ofakazi, thola ukwaziswa kwabo kothintana. Le mibhalo izobaluleka kakhulu uma unquma ukubhala isikhalo noma uphishekela isenzo esingokomthetho.
Bhala amaphuzu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kwesenzakalo lapho inkumbulo yakho isaqala ukucatshangelwa.
Ukukhononda Ngezimo Ezifanele
Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo amaningi kungasingathwa ngokukhononda nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezinegunya lokuqinisekisa. Uma ukhetha umsebenzi, ungafaka icala e-EOC noma enxuseni lombuso wakho lokufuna umsebenzi. Uma ukhetha indawo yokuhlala, ungafaka isikhalo ku-Hud noma kuhulumeni wakho noma enkampanini yezindawo zokuhlala elungile. Izikhalo zabathengi, ungafaka isikhalo nge-Consumer Financial Protection Bureauniage noma ihhovisi lommeli likahulumeni wakho.
Izinhlangano eziningi zinezinhlelo eziqondile kanye nezinsuku ezimisiwe zokukhononda, ngakho kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Izikhalo eziningi zobandlululo kumelwe zigcinwe phakathi nezinsuku ezingu - 180 noma ezingu-300 zokwephulwa okuthiwa kuphulwe, nakuba ezinye izinsuku zimfushane noma zingaphezulu. Ukungafinyeleli isikhathi esingakasho ukulahlekelwa ilungelo lakho lokufuna ukuqunga, ngakho ungalibali ukufuna usizo.
Ukufuna Incazelo Engokomthetho
Kukho okudingeka ummeli ahlole isimo sakho, achaze izinqumo zakho zomthetho, futhi akumele ezingxoxweni, emacaleni okuqondisa, noma enkantolo. Amanye amacala angasingathwa ngesisekelo semali ebolekwayo, okusho ukuthi ummeli ukhokhelwa kuphela uma uwina, kuyilapho amanye engase adinge ukukhokhwa kwemali ekhokhelwa ihora noma izindleko ezicashile.
Uma ungenamali yokuthola ummeli, hlola izindlela zosizo olungokomthetho olukhululekile noma oluphansi ngezinhlangano zosizo olungokomthetho, imithola-mpilo yezemfundo, noma izinhlelo zeprobo. Abanye abameli banikeza ukuxhumana kokuqala kwamahhala, okungakusiza ukuba uqonde isimo sakho ngisho noma ekugcineni ungakwazi ukuziqasha.
Ukuqonda Amakhambi Nemiphumela
Amakhambi atholakalayo uma amalungelo akho ephulwa axhomeke ohlotsheni lokwephulwa komthetho kanye nohlelo olungokomthetho olusebenza. Izindlela zingahlanganisa isinxephezelo semali ngenxa yengozi oye wabhekana nayo, ukukhululeka okungadingekile ukuba lowo owaphulayo anqande ukuziphatha okungekho emthethweni noma enze izenzo ezithile, ukubuyiselwa emsebenzini, ukushintsha kwezimiso noma ezinye izindlela zokukhululeka.
Kwezinye izimo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zingase zithathe isinyathelo, zihlole isikhalo sakho futhi zifake icala kulowo ophula umthetho. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke uqhubeke umangalela ngasese. Ukuqonda imiphumela engase ibe khona kanye nenqubo ehilelekile kungakusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo eziqondile ngokuthi ungenzani.
Ukuhlala Uwazi Ngamalungelo Akho
Imithetho nezincazelo ezingokomthetho zishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho ukuhlala wazi ngamalungelo akho kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. izinqumo zenkantolo, umthetho omusha, nezinguquko ezingokomthetho konke kungathinta amalungelo akho nesivikelo ositholayo.
Ngemva Kokuthuthukiswa Kwezomthetho
Izenzakalo ezinkulu ezingokomthetho zivame ukuhlanganiswa emithonjeni yezindaba, kodwa ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe, cabangela ukulandela imithombo yezindaba engokomthetho, izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi, noma izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezivumelana nezindaba zakho. Izinhlangano eziningi zithumela amaphephandaba e-imeyili noma zilondoloze izenzakalo zezembutho zezenhlalakahle lapho zihlanganyela khona izinqubo ezingokomthetho nezithi zithinta khona.
Ukuhlanganyela Ekuhlanganyeleni
Amalungelo akho avikelwa ekugcineni hhayi nje ngemithetho nezinkantolo, kodwa ngokuthembisana ngenkuthalo.
Ukusekela izinhlangano ezilwela ukuvikela amalungelo omphakathi nenkululeko yomphakathi kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lezi sivikelo zihlala ziqinile nokuthi ukuphulwa kwemithetho kuyanakekelwa.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho ezimweni zansuku zonke kukwenza ukwazi ukulawula izwe ngethemba futhi umelane nabanye lapho lawomalungelo esongelwa.
Nakuba lo mqondisi enikeza imininingwane ebanzi yamalungelo amaningi abalulekile, ayinakuhlanganisa zonke izimo noma iphendule yonke imibuzo. Imithetho iyahlukahluka ngokwemithetho, ngemibandela, nangezindaba zomthetho ingaba yinkimbinkimbi. Uma ubhekene nesimo lapho amalungelo akho engase athinteke khona, unganqikazi ukufuna usizo emithonjeni eminingi ekhona, kuhlanganise nezinhlangano zosizo olungokomthetho, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, amaqembu ezikhungo zomphakathi, nochwepheshe bezomthetho.
Khumbula ukuthi amalungelo awakona ukuziqeda ngokwakho, adinga ukuqaphela, ukugomela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi athathe isinyathelo esinenjongo. Ngokuzifundisa ngamalungelo akho, ngokubhala uphuzo lapho efika, nangokufuna usizo olufanele, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isithembiso sesivikelo esifanayo ngaphansi komthetho siba yinto engokoqobo ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Ulwazi lwakho nezenzo zakho akugcini ngokukuvikela kodwa futhi kuneqhaza emphakathini onobulungisa nokulunga kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu.