Ukubaluleka Okukhulayo Kokuphatha Amanzi Asekelwe Emkhakheni

Kuyanda izinselele zokuntula amanzi nezinselele zamanzi emhlabeni wonke, ezibangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukwanda kwenani labantu, nokuncintisana kwemisebenzi yezolimo, ezemboni, nemikhaya. Kulomongo, ukulawulwa kwamanzi okusekelwe emphakathini kuye kwavela njengendlela enamandla, esekelwe endaweni ehlanganisa ukungenela okuphezulu kukahulumeni. Ngokubeka igunya lokunquma nokusebenza kwekhono ezandleni zabagcini-mapayinti bendawo, lezi zimo zemali zinganikeza ukuqina, ukulingana, futhi zisekele imiphumela engcono kunezimiso ezihleliwe phakathi kuphela. Ukuphatha amanzi akuyona nje indlela yokumisa izindawo ezikude; kuya yaziwa kakhulu njengengxenye ebucayi yokuphatha imithombo yamanzi ehlangene ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezihlala kuzo kanye nasezindaweni ezisedolobheni. Uma imibhangqwana isekela lezimiso, ikhuthaza ukuhlelwa kwezimiso ezingokwesiko, futhi ikhuthaza ukuhlelwa kolwazi oluvamile, futhi izihloko ezingokwenani eliphansi, izinhlelo eziphambili, futhi zizenza ziphumelele kakhulu lezi zimiso zamanzi, futhi zikwazilenane izinselele eziqinile, futhi zikwazile ukuba ziphumelele.

Kuyini Ukulawulwa Kwamanzi Okusekelwe Emkhakheni?

Ukuphathwa kwamanzi okusekelwe emphakathini kubhekisela enqubweni ehlela abantu bendawo ngokubambisana nabasebenzisi, noma ngamakomiti angahleliwe (izindawo zokubambisana), ukusebenza, ukunakekelwa, nokulawulwa kwezindawo zamanzi, ukukhucululwa kwendle, nokuniselwa ngenkasa). Kunokuba babe abathengisi abangasebenzi, amalungu omphakathi abakhuthele, abaphathi bemithombo yawo yamanzi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni lapho isakhiwo samanzi singekho khona, singathembeki, noma singabikho, njengasezindaweni eziningi zasemaphandleni ze-Subster-Saharan Africa, e-South Asia, nase-Latin America. Nokho, kubuye kube nendima ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezivamile lapho izinkonzo zikamasipalapala zingekho khona.

Indlela yakha isimiso sobuhle: izinqumo kufanele zenziwe ngesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu segunya. Ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwendawo lwama hydrology, ukuhlukahluka kwezikhathi zonyaka, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nezimiso ezilawulwayo, izifanekiso zomphakathi zingazivumelanisa ngokushesha nokushintsha kwezimo. Zibuye zithuthukise ukukhubazeka okungcono ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzisi banentengo eqondile ekuphileni isikhathi eside. Nokho, impumelelo yalezozimo ezingokomthetho ezisekelayo ezinikeza ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho, ukunqanda, ukuvalwa kwezelelwa kwezekhono, ukufinyelela izimali, nokusetshenziswa kwezimiso zokulwa kwempi.

Izici eziyinhloko

  • Indawo ezungezile i-Monitor : Isakhiwo nokubusa kulawulwa noma kulawulwa umphakathi, hhayi i-impetho yangaphandle.
  • [ Isinqumo somphakathi ukwenza: Wonke amalungu anezwi ekubekeni imithetho, izishayamthetho, nezimiso zokulungisa.
  • [ Imvume ne-authority: amarekhodi emali, ukuqoqa amanzi izinqumo, kanye nokwaziswa komsebenzi kuhlangatshezwana obala.
  • Amalungu e- isakhiwo sobubhaka: athola ukuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe, i-maneja, namakhono emali.
  • Ukuphathwa kwe-Adapitive: Izimiso zisuka ezifundweni, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokushintsha kwesidingo somsebenzisi.

Izingxenye ze-core eziphumelelayo zohlelo lokulawula amanzi olusekelwe emphakathini

Ukuqonda lezi zingxenye kusiza abakhi bezimiso nodokotela ukuba basekele izinhlelo eziqinisa izinhlelo kunokuba zilulaze ukuthatha izinyathelo zendawo.

Abaholi Bendawo Abaphumelelayo

Abaholi abaqinile, abathenjwayo babalulekile ekubutheni izenzo zobunye, ukuxazulula izingxabano, nokugcina ukuziphatha okuhle. Ezimweni eziningi eziphumelelayo, abaholi baphuma emphakathini futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo ekomitini ekhethiwe. Bangaba abadala abangokwesiko, abaholi beqembu labesifazane, noma abameleli bentsha. Izici eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuthembeka, amakhono okukhulumisana, kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa izingxabano, ukuphatha ngokwezimali, kanye nokuhlola izinga lamanzi zithuthukisa ukuphumelela kwezeluleko lomphakathi.

Ukuhlela Okuhlanganisa Ukuhlanganyela

Izinqumo zokuphatha amanzi zithinta wonke umuntu, kodwa abesifazane, abefundisi, namaqembu ancishisiwe ngokuvamile akhishwe ezindaweni ezingokwesiko ezenza izinqumo. Izimo eziphumelelayo zenza ngamabomu izinqubo zokuhlela: imihlangano yomphakathi, amakomiti alinganiswe nabesilisa, kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile. Ukudweba ibalazwe kungasiza ekutholeni yonke imithombo yamanzi, imisebenzi encintisanayo, kanye nokuzwa amaphimbo. Uma wonke amazwi ezwakala, amasu aveza imiphumela acishe amukeleke futhi aqiniswe.

Isakhiwo Sasemzini Onamandla Nokusekelwa Ngobuchwepheshe

Amalungu omphakathi awazalwa enamakhono okuklama i-net enethiwekhi empompo efakwa amabhaktheriya, noma alondoloze impompo enamandla elanga. Isakhiwo esihambayo sokuqeqeshelwa ukuthwala amandla (_ngokuqeqeshelwa, ngokuqondisa, nangokuhambelana) nemishini yobuchwepheshe neyobumenenja edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izimiso ngokuphumelelayo. Izinhlelo eziningi eziphumelelayo ezisebenza namayunivesithi endawo, i-NGOS, noma umnyango wokwandiswa kukahulumeni ukuze kunikezwe lokhu kusekela ngaphandle kokwenza umfutho.

Ukulondolozwa Kwezimali

Isimiso samanzi somphakathi siyohluleka uma ingekho imali yokulungisa, ugesi, noma izingxenye ezifakiwe. Ukulondolozwa kwemali kudinga inhlanganisela yemali yosizo olusetshenziswayo, iminikelo kahulumeni wendawo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iminikelo yangaphandle. Ukuqoqwa kwemali ebonakala ingaphandle, i-akhawunti egciniwe enikezelwe, kanye nokuphehlwa kwasikhathi sonke kwemali kuzosetshenziswa ngenjongo. Eminye imiphakathi iye yasungula izimali zokubuyisela imali ezivumela amadolobhana amaningi ukuba ahlanganyele ezindlekweni ezinkulu zokulungiswa.

Ukuqashelwa Ngokomthetho Nangokweziqu

Ngaphandle kokuma okungokomthetho, amaqumrhu abaphathi bamanzi emphakathini awanakuvula ama-akhawunti asebhange, isayina, noma avikele amalungelo awo amanzi enkantolo. Ukuqashelwa kukahulumeni − kungaba ngenqubo elula yokubhalisa noma umthetho ongokomthetho / / / i-projectss) ihlanganisa lezi zinhlangano futhi izihlanganise nokuqondisa nokusekela izimiso. Ukuba ngokomthetho kuvikela imiphakathi ekuthatheni izwe noma amanzi ngenxa yezithakazelo ezinamandla.

Indima Yokusekela Uhlelo Ezikoleni Zomphakathi Ezisekelwe Kuzo

Isimiso sokusekela indawo esisebenza njengendawo ezungezile singenza ukuba kutholakale izinyathelo zokuchuma nezingalo. Ngaphandle kwayo, abaphathi bomphakathi bahlala bebuthaka futhi behlukanisiwe.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esingokomthetho

Ohulumeni bangamisa imithetho eqaphela ngokucacile ukuthi izinhlangano zabasebenzisi bamanzi zomphakathi (C-UA) ziyizinhlangano ezingokomthetho ezinamalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ISH iqokomisa ukuthi amazwe anjenge-Nepal neGhana adlulise i-Water User Association Acts ezinika lemizimba amalungelo okuphatha imithombo yamanzi, izimali ze-levy, futhi iphoqelelwa ngemithetho. Ukusekela okunjalo okungokomthetho kwenza imiphakathi iqiniseke ekusebenziseni isikhathi nemali ezinjwayelweni kwezimiso.

Izinhlelo Zokusiza Ngezimali Nezobuchwepheshe

Ukusekela kwenqubo kumele kudlule ngalé kokukhuluma. Ukusekela kokuzinikela kokuxhasa imifula esetshenziselwa izinhlelo zamanzi ezilawulwa umphakathi − njengemali ehambisana nemali, noma imali ebolekwayo enciphile kakhulu yezimali ($can system) ukunyuswa kwezakhiwo zezezimali, ukuqeqeshwa, nokugadelwa kwezindawo. Izindawo zosizo zobuchwepheshe esifundeni noma ezweni zinganikeza izinqubo zobunjiniyela, izinga lamanzi, nokudubula. I-World Bank's [[FLT:]] Water Globaltic Practicment[[

Ukuthuliswa Kwezwe Nokumiswa Kwamandla Kahulumeni Wendawo

Uma ohulumeni bezwe behlukanisa igunya lamanzi ezinkonzweni zikahulumeni wendawo, la maqumrhu angasiza noma asekele umphakathi. Izikhulu ezinikeza izindima ezicacile emihlanganweni yesigodi, yomasipala, noma emikhandlwini yasemaphandleni (inezimo ezidingekayo zemali nezisebenzi) ngokuhlela izakhiwo zezindlela zomphakathi. Ukunikeza iziqondiso zenkonzo nokuhlola umsebenzi kungaqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi iyathola ukusekelwa ekudilizweni.

Imishini Elawulayo Yokulandisa

Abaphathi bomphakathi abamelanga ukuba uhulumeni aphume ngokuphelele. Amapulani okulungisa kufanele ahlanganise imigangatho enciphileyo yenkonzo, izilinganiso zamanzi, kanye nezindlela zokukhononda. Ukuhlola kokuzimela kwe-odabi noma izinhlangano zomphakathi kunganikeza ukuqondisa ngaphandle kokuhlola imicro. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Mater Sectuator Development Program yase Tanzania ihlanganisa indima ye-National Water and Sanitation Council yokuhlolwa kwezinhlelo zomphakathi.

Ukuvimbela Okungokomthetho Kwamaqembu

Abaphathi bamanzi abanakwehlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezwe, ezolimo, impilo, noma imfundo. Izimiso ezihlangene ezihlobanisa amanzi, indle, nenhlanzeko (WASH) nokunisela ngenkasa, ukulawulwa kwamanzi, nokushintsha isimo sezulu kukhulisa ithonya lezithombe zomphakathi. Ukuhlela phakathi kwezinkonzo kanye nentuthuko kuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi ithola ukusekelwa okuhlangene, ngokwesibonelo, kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kanye nezinkonzo zokuthuthukisa impilo nokuthuthukisa ezolimo.

Ukuhlola Indaba: Ukuphatha Amanzi Okusekelwe Emphakathini

Ukuze sibonise indlela lezi zimiso ezisebenza ngayo, sihlola izibonelo ezimbili ezingafani kodwa ezifundisayo ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.

AmaKomiti Asemanzini Asemaphandleni EGhana

EGhana, amakomiti asebenza ngomphakathi namaqembu ezokukhuculula indle aye asekela imithombo yamanzi yasemaphandleni amashumi eminyaka. Ngaphansi kwe-National Community Water and Sanitiation Programme, iCWSC iqashelwa ngokomthetho, iqeqeshiwe, futhi ixhaswe amaqembu obuchwepheshe obusesifundeni sesifunda. Amakomiti aqoqa izindleko zomsebenzi, alondoloza izimbobo zemigodi nezimiso ezincane zempompompo, futhi abike umbiko wemihlangano yasemaphandleni. Ukucwaninga [FLT: 0] Inhlangano yezenyunyana zamanzi [[ yathola ukuthi izimiso zezimiso zilawulwa yizisebenzi, ikomiti ezineziqeqeshiwe kakhulu zinenani eliphakeme (ngaphezu kuka-85%) uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo zesobunxele ngaphandle kokusekela. Izicishisisa njalo, ukuvuselela, ukuvuselelwa nokungena ezingxenyeni ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezingxenyeni zesifunda.

Izinhlangano Zokufuduka ENepal

I-Nepal inesiko elide lezimiso zokunisela ngenkasa eziqondiswe emapulazini (FMIS), ezinye zakudala. Kusukela ngo-1990, uhulumeni uye wabambisana nalamaqembu angahleliwe ngohlelo lokuthumela uHlelo Lwezigelekeqe, ezinikeza izimo ezingokomthetho njenge-Water User Associations Association (WUAs) futhi usekela ngokwezimali ukuvuselelwa kwezimiso zesimiso. I-WU hlela imithetho yawo siqu yokwabiwa kwamanzi, izinhlelo, nokulungiswa kwengxabano. Isifundo se- i-Nappariation Manation Manation Management Group [[ ibonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zezeluleko ezisebenzayo ze-Agedgiement kuhulumeni ezisebenza ezihlelwe ngokwemikhazawo wokwayo, izinga lokulungisa, nokukhiqiza. Inqubo ye-CPN.N.N.P.U.U.U.A.

Izinselele Namathuba

Naphezu kwezindaba eziningi zempumelelo, ukulawulwa kwamanzi okusemkhakheni womphakathi kubhekana nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezidinga kokubili isimiso namakhambi asebenzayo.

Izinselele Ezivamile

  • [[IQUMT:0] Igebe lezentengiselwano nezezimali: Amakomiti amaningi antula imali noma ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa amaphampu ayinkimbinkimbi noma ukwelapha izinga lamanzi. Izimiso zingawohloka ngemva kokuphela kosizo lokuqala.
  • I-Internective ewubulungu: Ngezinye izikhathi abaholi bendawo babamba amakomiti ukuze bazuze bona, baphambukise izimali noma basekele izibopho ezihlangeneyo eziqoqiwe emanzini. Izimiso zokulandisa ezibuthakathaka zivumela lokhu ukuba kuqhubeke.
  • [ Ingwenya neNkathi ye-Exclusion: Ngisho nasemakomitini agcwele, abesifazane namaqembu ahluliwe ngokuvamile abakhishwe ezindima zobuholi nasekuthatheni izinqumo, okuholela ekutheni izinto eziza kuqala zingabonisi izidingo zabo.
  • I-activeveration: Isomiso, izikhukhula, kanye nokushintsha izindlela zemvula ezicindezelayo zomphakathi owenziwe isigaba somphakathi eziklanyelwe izimo ezingokomlando. Amandla okuzivumelanisa avame ukuncipha.
  • Ukulinganiselwa okungalawuleki: Okusebenza komunye umuzi kungase kungasetshenziswa kalula ukulingisa izakhiwo zamasiko, i-hydrolog, ne-mosfection. Ukusekela kwe-ivolution.

Ukushintsha Izinselele Zibe Amathuba

Lezi zithiyo futhi ziveza amathuba okusungulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwanda kobuchwepheshe bemizwa ephansi nezindawo zemali ezihambayo kuvumela imiphakathi ukuba ihlole amanzi egeleza kude futhi iqoqe izindleko zobuchwepheshe, inciphise ukweba nokubonana. Iziqondiso zokuklama okusheshayo zingahlanganiswa ekwakheni nasekulungiseni izinto ezintsha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-social Consection kungaqiniswa ngezithuba, ukuqeqeshelwa kwabesifazane, nokuhlola ukuthatha izithuba. Izinhlangano zezokuthuthukisa izinga lokusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza kwe-elective" ukusondela "esting" ekubekeni i-" ekuqiniseni insimbi kuphela kodwa nasemikhankambisweni, amakhono, kanye nokulungisa okusekela ukuphatha umphakathi phakathi kwesikhathi eside.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zokusetshenziswa Nokuprakthiza

Uma ubheka phambili, ukuthambekela okuningana nezinto eziza kuqala kuthonya ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okusekelwe emphakathini.

Ukushintshashintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Njengoba ukucindezeleka kwamanzi kwanda, amasampula asekelwe emphakathini kumelwe afakwe ezindleleni zokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu ezibanzi. Lokhu kusho ukusekela imiphakathi ukusungula amasu abangela isomiso, ukuhlanganisa imithombo yamanzi (umzk., ukuvuzwa kwamanzi emvula, ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi emanzini angaphansi kwamanzi), kanye nokwamukela i-spermical awenziwe ngesimo sezulu. I-policies ehlobanisa ukulawulwa kwamanzi agelezayo nesilinganiso samanzi asendaweni ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwemidanganiso ezindaweni ezisezansi nephansi kwezindawo ezisizana.

Ukuvuselela Imishini Nezinqumo Zokwaziswa

Amathuluzi emishini ekwazi ukudlula ngezansi (njengezinga lama-electron asekelwe kuma-cell phone), izinzwa zokumpompa ezizihambelayo, kanye namabhodi omphakathi . kungashintsha ukugada nokulungisa. I-policie ethuthukisa izinga lokwaziswa elivulekile futhi inikeze izakhiwo zemishini yobuchwepheshe ingasiza ekunqandeni ukunqanda amandla avamile. Nokho, kudingeka ukuqapha ukuze kungabi khona umehluko wezinombolo ohlukanisa abantu abasengozini kakhulu.

Ukuqinisa Indawo Ezungezile Entengantengayo

Ngisho nezisebenzi zomphakathi ezingcono kakhulu azinakuchuma ngaphandle kwendawo ezungezile ekwaziyo. Imizamo yesikhathi esizayo kufanele igxile: (a) ukwenza kube lula izinqubo zokubhalisa ezingokomthetho zezinhlangano zomphakathi, (b) ukumisa izindinganiso ezicacile zokunikeza inkonzo ezihambisana nokuvumelana nokuziphendulela, (c) zidala izindlela zokusekela imali (umz., izimali zamazwe) ezitholakala emaqenjini omphakathi, kanye (d) nokuthuthukisa amapulatifomu lapho imiphakathi ihlanganyela khona okuhlangenwe nakho nemikhuba emihle.

Ukukhetha Nokubusa Okuphelele

Ukungalingani kumele kususwe kusuka emsebenzini ongaseceleni kuya ku-osemzileni oyinhloko. I-policies kufanele igunyaze amakomiti alinganayo nabesilisa, idinga amasu okuphepha asemazingeni aphezulu omphakathi asingatha izidingo zamaqembu aswele, futhi inikeze izindlela eziphephile zokukhononda. Ukuhlangana akuyona nje indlela ehloniphekile, futhi kuholela emiphumeleni engcono yobuchwepheshe njengoba imibono ehlukahlukene ithuthukisa izinkinga.

Ukubusa Okucinene Nabenzi Bemithetho Abahlukahlukene

Abaphathi abalawulwa umphakathi abasho ukuthi imiphakathi ishiywe yodwa. Izimiso eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa ukubambisana kwababambi-zincwadi abahlukahlukene: ohulumeni bendawo banikeza ukuqondisa, i-NGOs inikeza isakhiwo sokuthatha isikhundla, izingxenye zezimboni ezizimele nezinkonzo, nokuziphatha kokucwaninga okusetshenziswayo. Amapulani omthetho achaza ngokucacile izindima futhi akha izisusa zokubambisana angasiza ekusekeleni lobu budlelwane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Isiphetho

Ukuphathwa kwamanzi asekelwe emphakathini akuyona indlela eqinile, kodwa kuyindlela eqinile ebeka abantu esikhungweni sezinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuholi bendawo, ukwakheka, ukwakhiwa kwekhono, kanye nokusekelwa ngokwezimali ngokusekela okuqinile kwezimiso, ukusekela kobuchwepheshe, usizo lwezezimali, kanye nemali eyanele (ukuxhasa) okunganikeza izigidi zezinkonzo zamanzi ezithembekile. Izinselele zikhona, kodwa azingenakunqotshwa. Ngokusetshenziswa okusha kobuchwepheshe, ukugxila ekuziphatheni ulwazi oluqinile, kanye nesibopho sokusebenzisa ukuhlelwa kwezimiso, ukuphatha amanzi okusekelwe emphakathini kungaba itshe lensika lokuvikela amanzi enkathini yokushintsha ngokushesha. Izimiso zezentengiselwano, abenzi bemidayisa amaqembu, nemiphakathi, indlela ephambili ikhona lapho kulungiselelwa izinhlangano zendawo ezidinga ukuchuma.