Ukuqonda Amakhambi Angokomthetho Emithetho Yombango

Umthetho wesizwe unikeza izinhlelo ezihleliwe zokuxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwabantu, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano. Uma elinye iqembu lilimala ngenxa yezenzo zomunye noma ukungenzi lutho, isimiso somthetho sinikeza amakhambi ahlukahlukene aklanyelwe ukubuyisela ukulinganisela, ukuvala inxeba, noma ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesikhathi esizayo. Lesiqondiso sihlola izinhlobonhlobo zemithi engokomthetho engokomthetho, kusukela kumakhambi emali angokwesiko avumelanayo, ekukusizeni uqonde izindlela zakho nendlela yokuzilandela ngokuphumelelayo.

Isisekelo Sezinqubo Zombango

Amakhambi angokomthetho angamathuluzi asetshenziswa izinkantolo ukuze ziphoqelele amalungelo, zilungise amaphutha, futhi zinikeze usizo kumaqembu ahlukene. Ezimisweni zomthetho wesizwe, amakhambi awela ezigabani ezimbili ezibanzi: amakhambi angokomthetho (ngokusobala amakhambi) namakhambi (okungekhona okugunyaza). Umehluko usekelwe ekuhlukani okungokomlando kwezinkantolo zomthetho ezivamile zaseNgilandi nezinkantolo ezivumelanayo. Inqubo yanamuhla ihlanganisa lezi zinto enkantolo eyodwa enganikeza zombili izinhlobo zosizo, kodwa izimiso ezingaphansi kwezimiso ezihlala zihlukile.

Lapho zinquma ukuthi yiliphi ikhambi okumelwe lilandelwe, izinkantolo zicabangela uhlobo lwengozi, ukukhokhwa kwemali, nokuthi kuyadingeka yini ukukhipha umthetho ongekho emthethweni ukuze kufinyelelwe ubulungisa. AmaPlainthiff kumelwe akhethe ngokucophelela amakhambi aceliwe, ngoba amanye angase akhethe aphelele noma adinge ukuhlola okuqondile okungokomthetho. Umgomo ngaso sonke isikhathi uwukwenza ukuba iqembu elilimele liphelele, cishe ngangokunokwenzeka, libe sesimweni ebelingathatha isikhundla sawo ukuba lingathathanga iphutha.

Amakhambi Ayinhloko Alawulayo

  • [ Akukho kujeziswa okuhloselwe amakhambi akhokhelwayo: Amakhambi amaningi agxila ekukhokheleni, hhayi ekujeziseni. Ukujeziswa kushiyelwa ekuziphatheni okubi okungalawuleki.
  • Ukungagunyazwa kwekhambi lomthetho: Ngaphambi kokunikeza usizo olufanele, izinkantolo zidinga ubufakazi bokuthi umonakalo wemali awunele. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umhlaba uhlukile, umsebenzi okhethekile ungayalelwa ngoba imali ayinakuthatha indawo yempahla ethile.
  • Imfundiso yezandla ehlanzekile: Iqembu elifuna ukukhululeka okunganqamukiyo kumelwe ukuba lenze ngokulungile nangokholo oluhle. Ukuziphatha okungcolile kungavimbela umuntu ekutholeni amakhambi alinganayo.
  • Imali: ukulibala okungenangqondo ekuqiniseni ilungelo kungavimbela umbambi ekutholeni ukukhululeka okulinganayo, ngisho noma umthetho wokulinganiselwa ungakaphelelwa.

Umonakalo We - monethary: Ikhambi Elivamile Elingokomthetho

Ingozi ye-monetary, ebizwa futhi ngokuthi inxeba eliwumthetho , ivame ukunikezwa amakhambi akhokhelwayo. Zimelela isamba semali esikhokhwa ummangalelwa ukuze kukhokhelwe ummangalelwa ngokulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukuziphatha okungalungile kommangalelwa. Injongo iwukulinganisela umonakalo ngezindlela ezingokwezimali futhi udlulisele inani kulowo owenza okubi eqenjini elilimele.

Izinhlobo Zomonakalo We - monetary

  • Imiphumela ehlasimulisayo: Lezindleko ezingokoqobo, intengo eqinisekisiwe , izindleko zezokwelapha, ukulahleka kwemali, umonakalo wempahla, nenzuzo yebhizinisi. Ingahlukaniswa kakhulu: [
    • [FLT]] Imichiza evamile:[ Ngezingozi ezingangokomnotho ezifana nobuhlungu, ukucindezeleka okungokomzwelo, noma ukulahlekelwa yi-comium.
    • [[UMTL:0] Umonakalo okhethekile: Ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okunenani elithile lemali, njengezindleko zokulungisa, ukukhokhela isibhedlela, noma izindleko zokubuyisela.
  • Imiphumela ehlukanisayo: Awukho ukukhokhela ummangalelwa kodwa ukujezisa ummangalelwa ngokuziphatha okunenhloso, okubi, noma kokukhohlisa. Kuphinde kube yisithiyo kwabanye. Izindawo eziningi zisebenza njengendinganiso yokujezisa (umz., imvuzo yenkokhelo ehlukahlukene noma isilinganiso esimisiwe).
  • Umonakalo ongathi awukho: Imali encane (ngokuvamile R1,00) enikezwa uma ilungelo elingokomthetho seliphulwe kodwa kungekho ukulahlekelwa okungokoqobo kwemali. Ngokwesibonelo, uma othile ephambuka emhlabeni ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo, inkantolo ingakhokha umonakalo ngokungenagama wokuqaphela ukwephulwa kwempahla.
  • [[[NTL:0] Imiphumela enqunyiwe: Imali enqunyiwe eqinisekiswe esivumelwaneni esikhokhwa uma kugetywa umkhakha. Izinkantolo ziyawaphoqelela uma eyisilinganiso esinengqondo somonakalo ongenzeka, hhayi isijeziso.

Indlela Izinkantolo Ezibala Ngayo Izingozi Ezigunyaza Uhulumeni

Ukukhokha umonakalo kuhilela ukuqoqa ubufakazi bokulahlekelwa: ama-lisithi, ubufakazi obungochwepheshe, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, nezitatimende zemali. Ezimweni zokulimala komuntu siqu, inzuzo yesikhathi esizayo nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuzayo kulindeleke ukuba kusetshenziswe amathebula omshini kanye nokwaziswa kobude besikhathi sokuphila. Ezimpikiswaneni zezentengiselwano, inzuzo elahlekile ilinganiswa ngokuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwangempela nokusebenza okuveziwe, ukulungisa izimo zemakethe. Izinkantolo ngokuvamile zifuna ukuba umonakalo ufakazelwe ngokuqiniseka okunengqondo, okungakholekiyo noma ukulahlekelwa okucatshangelwayo.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Ezingafanele: Lapho Imali Inganele

Amakhambi angenaphutha yiziqondiso zenkantolo eziqondisa umkhakha ukuba enze okuthile (noma ugweme ukwenza okuthile) kunokukhokha imali. Abhekwa njengokukhululeka okungavamile futhi anikezwa kuphela lapho ikhambi elingokomthetho lomonakalo wemali linganele. Ngenxa yokuthi i-equity isebenza ngezimiso zokulunga, umahluleli unesu elikhulu lokwenza ikhambi elifanelana nesimo.

Izindlela Ezivamile Zokwelapha Okufanele

Ukuhlangana

Isiyalo ingumyalo wenkantolo onqabela noma odinga isenzo esithile. Kunezinhlobo eziningana:

  • [[I-FLT:0] I-Temporary Erripting Order (TRO): Ukukhululeka okuphuthumayo okuvimbela ukulimala okusheshayo, ngokuvamile kunikezwa inxenye (ngaphandle kokuzwa nhlangothi zombili) futhi kuhlale izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho kuzwakala ngokuphelele.
  • Impostational Inclution: ibhalwe ekuqaleni enkantolo ukuze kulondolozwe isimo kuze kube sekuqulweni kwecala. Umkhangisi kumelwe abonise impumelelo elungile, ukulimala okungalungiseki, ukulinganisela kobunzima ekwamukeleni kwabo, futhi lokho kunikeza isithakazelo somphakathi.
  • I-Permanent Injinction: Isiyalo senkantolo sokugcina esikhishwa ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala, esihloselwe ukuba singabikho. Ngokwesibonelo, inkantolo ingayala ifektri ukuba ingalahli izinto ezingcolisayo emfuleni unomphela.

Ukusebenza Okuqondile

Inqubo eqondile inkantolo efuna ukuba umbambiswa afeze izibopho zakhe njengoba kuthenjisiwe. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezivumelwaneni zokudayisa impahla ekhethekile, njengezindawo ezizimele noma imishini engavamile. Izinkantolo aziyaleli ukuba izivumelwano zezinkonzo zomuntu siqu zisebenze ngendlela eqondile ngoba lokho kungalingana nokugqilazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ummeli kumelwe abonise ukuthi isivumelwano sifanelekile, amagama acacile ngokwanele, futhi izindleko zemali azinakali ngokwaneleyo.

Ukubuyiselwa

Ukuxosha kucisha isivumelwano futhi kubuyisela bobabili ezikhundleni zabo zangaphambi kokuba bangene. Kuvame ukuba khona lapho isivumelwano singeniswe ngokukhwabanisa, iphutha, amaphutha, noma ithonya elingadingekile. Iqembu elifuna ukubuyiselwa kudinga ukubuyisela noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezitholakalayo (ukuziphatha) futhi lithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha lapho lithola ukukhubazeka.

Inguquko

Inguquko yenza inkantolo ikwazi ukubhala kabusha isivumelwano esibhaliwe ukuze ibonise izinhloso zangempela zamaqembu lapho iphutha lomuntu owephula umthetho noma iphutha lomunye libangela ukuba lencwadi iphambuke esivumelwaneni esenziwa ngempela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isivumelwano ngephutha sithi amaRandi angu - 10 000 kodwa bobabili abahlosile amaRandi angu - 1,2 000, inguquko ingalilungisa leli phutha.

_Umbhalo othathelwe

Ukuqulwa kwemali okungaguquguquki kuphoqelela umkhokhi (njengomuntu ophathiswa ibhizinisi) ukuba anikeze ukulandisa okuningiliziwe kwezezimali kwabazuzayo. Lelikhambi lisiza ekuvuleni inzuzo efihliwe noma ukungasetshenziswa kahle kwemali futhi ngokuvamile liqala ukukhipha inzuzo embi.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha Nezindlela Ezintekenteke

Ngaphandle kwezigaba ezivamile, umthetho wangaphakathi unikeza amakhambi engeziwe ahlanganisa izici zokukhululeka okungokomthetho nokulinganayo:

Ukubuyiselwa Kwempilo

Ukubuyiswa kwesivumelwano kuhloselwe ukuvimbela ukucetshiswa ngokungafanele ngokufuna ummangalelwa ukuba abuyele impahla noma inani layo kumphathi we-paltiff. Kungaba imali noma kuhlanganisa ukubuya kwezinto ezithile. Ngokungafani nemali efakwayo, elinganisa ukulahlekelwa kommangalelwa, ukukhokha inzuzo. Ivame ukutholakala ngokuphula umsebenzi wokuzimela, ukuguqula, kanye nezivumelwano ezithile lapho ummangalelwa athola khona inzuzo emalini yommangalelwa.

Isahlulelo Sokumemezela

Isahlulelo esikhipha isigwebo siyisimemezelo senkantolo esibophayo samalungelo noma isikhundla esingokomthetho ngaphandle kokuyala noma yisiphi isenzo esithile noma isijeziso esiqondile. Siwusizo ekuxazululeni ukungaqiniseki ngaphambi kokuba igebe livele, ngokwesibonelo, inkantolo ingamemezela ukuthi ibhizinisi elithile liphula isivumelwano esikhona, linikeza izigigaba ukucaca ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlola Ukuze Ufune Ikhambi

Ukufuna ikhambi elingokomthetho kuhilela ukuhamba ngezigaba eziningana ze-procedrome. Nakuba imininingwane ihlukahluka ngokwendlela ebekwe ngayo, inqubo evamile ilandela indlela engaguquki:

  1. Ikhonsimethi i-Attorney: Iseluleko somthetho sakuqala sibucayi. Ummeli angahlola amandla esinqumo sakho, aphawule ikhambi elifanele, futhi acebise ngesilinganiso sesikhathi nezindleko. Amacala amaningi angaphakathi ahlala ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala, futhi amasu ommeli athonya kakhulu imiphumela.
  2. ne-Componeral Providence: qoqa wonke amabhukwana, izitatimende zofakazi, izithombe, izivumelwano, ama-imeyili, nemibiko engochwepheshe. Ubufakazi buyisisekelo sanoma isiphi isicelo sekhambi.
  3. Uhele u-File u-Accel: faka icala ngokufaka isikhalo esingokomthetho enkantolo elungile (kaningi isifundazwe noma uhulumeni, kuye ngenani lempikiswano nendaba). Ukukhononda kuphawula amaqiniso, izikhangiso ezingokomthetho, kanye nekhambi elifunwayo.
  4. Ukukhonza i-Arest: Ummangalelwa kumelwe atshelwe ngokomthetho ngamacala futhi anikwe ithuba lokuphendula.
  5. Incazelo: Zombili izinhlangothi zishintshisana ngokwaziswa okubalulekile ngemibuzo ebhaliwe (imibuzo ebhaliwe), izicelo zezincwadi, nezicelo zokungeniswa. Ukufica kungaba kude futhi kuyabiza kodwa kubalulekile ekwakheni icala.
  6. Izenzo zomthetho:[ Imicimbi ingathatha indiva, ngoba ukwahlulela okufingqiwe (uma kungekho mininingwane ephikisanayo), noma ukuphoqelela ukutholwa. Inkantolo ingalixazulula ngokushesha icala uma umthetho uvumelana nohlangothi olulodwa.
  7. Icala lomphakathi elihlalayo:[ Icala eliningi lihlala ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala. Uma kungekho kusikwelwa kwecala, icala liqhubekela ecaleni, lapho kunikezwa khona ubufakazi kumajaji (icala) noma amajaji. Inkantolo ikhipha isinqumo futhi inikeze ikhambi.
  8. Iposi יjudment Inflactment: Ukuthola isahlulelo kuyingxenye yempi. Uma ummangalelwa engavumelani ngokuzithandela, ummangalelwa angadinga ukuphoqelela isahlulelo ngokukhokhelwa iholo, ukukhokhwa kwemali ebhange, ukukhokhwa kwempahla, noma ukuphangwa kwempahla.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwezindlela Zokwelapha Ezifanele

Ngenxa yokuthi amakhambi alinganayo ayakwazi ukuxazulula, umlahli kumelwe aqinisekise ijaji ukuthi umyalo oceliwe ulungile futhi udingekile. Izinkantolo zihlola izici ezinjengezithi:

  • Ukuziphatha komlahli (imfundiso yezandla ehlanzekile).
  • Ukuthi ummangalelwa unekhambi elanele yini emthethweni.
  • Ukulinganisela kobunzima: umyalo akufanele uthwese ummangalelwa umthwalo ongadingekile ngokuphathelene nokulimala kommangalelwa.
  • Isithakazelo somphakathi: Eminye imithetho ingase ithinte abantu abesithathu noma inhlalakahle yomphakathi.

Ukunakekela Okuwusizo Lapho Uphishekela Ikhambi

Ngaphambi kokuxoxa, hlola izici ezilandelayo eziwusizo:

Izilinganiso Zokulinganiselwa

Zonke iziphakamiso ze-odoli zinesilinganiso sesikhathi okumelwe zigcinwe kuso. Lokhu kuyahluka ngokohlobo lwesivumelwano nombuso. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphulwa kwesivumelwano kungalingana no-376 kuya ku-676 yeminyaka, kanti ukulimala komuntu kungathatha iminyaka emibili. Ukungaqiniseki komzuzu kuvala ikhambi. Uma usola ukuthi unelungelo, thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Izindleko Zokumangalelwa

Ukukhokha ikhambi kungabiza kakhulu. Imali yokukhokha intela esemthethweni idla ihora noma ixhomeke ekululameni. Izindleko zenkantolo, izindleko zobufakazi, izindleko zokugcina imali, nezinye izindleko zokuthola izindleko zenezela. Izenzakalo eziningi zidinga ukuhlolwa okubizayo: ingabe ikhambi elilindelekile lifanele isikhathi nemali? Izindlela zokulungisa ezinye izindlela ezinjengokukhipha noma ukukhubazeka kungaba yizindleko ezinkulu.

Ukwahlulelwa Kuhlanganyelwe

Uma ummangalelwa engenayo imali noma imali, angathola umvuzo ongenakuqashelwa. Hlola isimo sezimali sommangalelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma kusenezimpikiswano zebhizinisi, cabangela ukuthi ummangalelwa unesikhokhelo yini noma imithombo eyanele.

Ukhetho

Izingxabano eziningi zombango zixazululwa ngokuxazululwa kunokuqulwa kwecala. Ukuhlala kahle kungalondoloza imithombo yezimali, kunciphise ukungaqiniseki, futhi ngokuvamile kuvumele amakhambi okusungula izinto angawayaleli inkantolo (isibonelo, isivumelwano esiyimfihlo, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwebhizinisi, noma ukuxolisa). Ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlola ukuxazulula ngosizo lommeli wakho; izinkantolo eziningi zikhuthaza ukudluliswa kwezindaba ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala.

Ukushintshashintsha Kwezimo

Amakhambi omphakathi ayahluka phakathi kwezimiso zomthetho. E-United States, izinkantolo zikahulumeni nohulumeni zilandela izimiso ezifanayo kodwa zinemithetho eqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, isijeziso sesijeziso singanikezwa isijeziso sokulahlekelwa [[ ezimweni ze-tort kodwa awekho ngokwemvelo ukuze kuphulwe isivumelwano ngaphandle kokuba ukuziphatha kungenangqondo. Amanye amazwe afaka izingozi ezingezingokomnotho emacaleni angokwezesayensi yezokwelapha. Emazweni aseYurophu, amakhambi angase anciphe kakhulu ($_FLTPPPP] isijeziso sesijeziso, futhi ukusebenza okukhethekile kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi izindleko zemali azithandwa njalo. Ukuqonda umthetho wesimiso lapho uhamba khona.

Ukuxubanisa Izimo Ezingokwezimo Zomphakathi

Izenzakalo zamuva nje ziye zandisa ibhokisi lamakhambi omphakathi:

  • Amakhambi empahla neyobuchwepheshe: manje ayala ukubuya kwempahla ye-athom, kuhlanganise namagama ezindawo, ama-cypocurrecie, kanye nama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana. I-injnctions zingamisa ukuqhekeka kwemininingwane noma zidinge ukucishwa kwemininingwane ebiwe.
  • [[NT.0] Iziqondiso zokulungisa ezingokomsuka: ngokukhulayo, izinkantolo zidinga abangcolisi ukuze bahlanze ukungcola kunokukhokha inhlawulo. Iziqondiso eziqondile zingagunyaza ukubuyiselwa kwemithombo yemvelo.
  • Ukubekwa nokubuyiselwa ezindleleni zokuqondisa: izinhlangano zikaHulumeni ezinjenge-SEC noma FTC zingafuna ukunqanyulwa kwenzuzo embi ehambisana namakhambi angokwesiko.
  • Imithetho engathiyayo yokuphucwa kwempahla yengqondo: Ilandela isiqondiso seNkantolo Ephakeme ( eBay Inc. v. Mercexforma, L.C.), izinkantolo zisebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuqinile okune ngaphambi kokunikeza iziyalezo ezihlala njalo ezicacini ezisemthethweni.

Izinyathelo Zokuvikela Amalungelo Akho

Ukuze uthole amathuba athé xaxa okuthola ikhambi eliphumelelayo, thatha lezi zinyathelo ezishukumisayo:

  • Bhala yonke into: gcina amakhophi ezivumelwano, ama - email, ama - invoisi namarekhodi okuxhumana.
  • Gcina ubufakazi: Ungawacimi noma ulungise amaphepha ahlobene nawo; ukuwasebenzisa kungaholela eziyalweni ezingezwani noma ezijezisweni eziwubala.
  • Ngaqiniseki ngamalungelo akho? Uveza ummeli ofanelekayo osebenza kakhulu endaweni efanelekile yomthetho wezwe. Abaningi banikeza ukuhlola kokuqala.
  • Cabangela ukuxhumana noma ukuxoxisana ngaphambi kokuba uquliswe ukuze ugweme izindleko zenkantolo.
  • Ukuzisholo kwakho ngokushesha ukuze ugweme umthetho wezindaba zokulinganiselwa.

Isiphetho

Amakhambi angokomthetho anikeza indlela enamandla yokulungisa ukukhohlakala komthetho futhi alondoloze amalungelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngemali engalungile, ngemithetho, ngemithetho, ngezenzo ezithile, noma ngokulungisa, isimiso somthetho sinikeza izindlela eziningi zobulungisa. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwamakhambi angokomthetho nangawokulunga, izinyathelo zokuwalandela, futhi ukucabangela okusebenzayo okuhilelekile kukunika amandla okwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe elwazini. Njalo funa iseluleko esingokomthetho esivumelana nesimo sakho esiqondile. Qhagane nesesikhathini sokuxoxa komuntu siqu. Ngokusebenzisa inqubo elungile nesesikhathi esifanele, ungavikela izithakazelo zakho futhi uvikele ikhambiso ofanele.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, bheka i-Cornell Information ye-apply Information ye- kanye nemithetho ye-Focredal Procediture [ elawula ukutholakala namakhambi. Imicebo eyengeziwe evela ku-Melika Bar's Litigation ngxenye ye- inikeza ukuqonda ekwelaphelweni lamanje. Imithetho ye-State, hlola i-partgate yakho ye-m's com's ment okanye inhlangano yomthetho.