Ukuqina Okukhulayo Kwemininingwane Yokuvikela Iziguli Empilweni Yase - Ireland

Abakhapheli bezempilo base-Ireland bahlanganyela ulwazi lweziguli ngokukhulayo ukuze bathuthukise izinkonzo zezokwelapha, ukuhlanganisa izintambo zokunakekela, nokucwaninga okuqhubekayo. Kusukela ezibhedlela nasemisebenzini evamile kuya ezikhungweni zezempilo ze-octal, ukusakazeka kokwaziswa okusheshayo kwempilo. Nokho, le ntuthuko iletha izinselele ezinkulu ekuvikeleni imfihlo yeziguli futhi ihambisana nemithetho eqinile yokwaziswa. Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kubalulekile kochwepheshe bezokwelapha, abenzi bezobuchwepheshe, abathengisi bezobuchwepheshe, neziguli ngokufanayo.

I-ecodentimential yezempilo yase-Ireland ilolongwa yinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yomthetho wesizwe, imithetho yaseYurophu, kanye nezici ezingokoqobo ezisebenzayo zezinkonzo zempilo yomphakathi nezezomuntu siqu. Nakuba izinzuzo ezingase zitholakale ngokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa zinkulu — “‘ imiphumela engcono yokuhlinzwa, ukuncishiswa kokuhlolwa, ukuxilonga, nokulawula kwempilo kwabantu okusheshayo okuphumelela kakhulu — ``izingozi zokungena ngaphandle komthetho, ukusetshenziswa kabi, nokungalawuleki'a, akunakushaywa indiva. Ngezansi, sihlola izinselele nokuhlola impumelelo, ukubheka phambili.

Imithetho Yezomthetho Nezindaba Eziyimfihlo

IGDPR noMthetho weData ovikelayo ka - 2018

I-Interneral Data Protection Regculation (GDPR), eqala ukusebenza ngo-May 2018, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo komthetho wasekhaya, I-Data Protection Act 2018. Lemithetho ibeka imithetho eqinile ekutheni imininingwane yomuntu siqu — “‘ ikakhulukazi izigaba ezikhethekile zemininingwane enjengemininingwane yempilo — zingaqoqwa, zihlangane, zigcinwe, zigcinwe. Izinhlangano zezempilo, kungaba izibhedlela zomphakathi, imithola-mthola-mpilo, noma isiqalo sezempilo, kumelwe zivumelane nezimiso ezihlanganisa umthetho, ukucaca, ukuveza inhloso, ukulinganisela, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, nokugcinwa.

Esinye sezimfuneko ezifuna kakhulu zokuhlanganyela ulwazi lwezokwelapha ukuthola imvume evunyelweyo [ noma ukumisa esinye isisekelo esingokomthetho ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 6 neSiphakamiso 9 seGDPR. Nakuba imvume ecacile ivame ukukhonjwa, imininingwane eminingi yokwelapha ehambisana nezindlela zokuhlola impilo ezincikene nezinye izinto ezinjengezithakazelo ezibalulekile, isithakazelo esiqinile, noma ilungiselelo lokwelashwa kwempilo. I-acteriumssion ibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesineke lokunakekela okuqondile kungathethelelwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene kunokuhlanganyela ulwazi lwezenzwe zokucwaninga okulandelayo.

Indima Yesimiso Sokuvikela Imininingwane (DPC)

I-DPC i-Datal Protection Commission (DPC) iyigunya elizimele eliphethe i-GDPR kanye ne-Data Protection Act. I-DPC iye yabonisa isimo sokusebenza okusebenzayo, ikhipha izihlawumbi eziphawulekayo neziyalo zokulungisa eminyakeni yamuva. Izinhlangano zezempilo kumelwe zilungiselelwe ukuhlola, ukuhlola, kanye nokuvunywa kwesijeziso okungafinyelela izigidi ezingu-20 noma 4% wokuguqukela embulungeni yonke, leyo ephakeme kakhulu. Umonakalo wedumela ngenxa yokuphulwa noma ukugcinwa komthetho ungaze ngisho ube mubi kakhulu, ukuthemba kwesineke nokuhlehlisa ukuthatha i-mishiza esikhathini esizayo.

Ukubhekana Nezinselele Eziyinhloko

  • Abaphathi be-conent: Ukuthola, ukuqopha, nokuphatha imvume endaweni eqinile yokunakekela impilo elungiselelwe amaza amaningi kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezijikelezayo.
  • Izinkathi zokungazibali: umehluko phakathi kwamarekhodi, ukucwaninga, nokwaziswa kokuphatha, ngalinye elinezimfuneko ezihlukile ezingokomthetho zokuzigcina.
  • I-data yemingcele ye-coros igeleza: ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa nonoshelampilo abasebenza naye kwamanye amazwe e-EU/EA noma, ngokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, nezinhlangano ezisebusweni obunemiyalo elinganiselwe yezokuvikela ukwaziswa.
  • Inzalo ebekelwe isineke vs. amathemba abekelwe isineke: Ukulinganisela isidingo senhlangano sokuhlela ukwaziswa kokusebenza noma ukucwaninga ngezinjongo ezimelene namathemba alinganiselwe eziguli mayelana yimfihlo.

Izinhlangano zosizo lwezempilo kumelwe ziqinisekise ukuthi wonke amaphuzu ahlangene abhaliwe, abekwe engozini, futhi athotyelwe. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo akulandeli nje izijeziso ezilawulayo kodwa futhi kuchaya iziguli ekulimaleni okungase kuvele.

Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Ekuvikeleni Imininingwane

Izimiso Ezidala Nezimiso Zefa

Abanakekeli abaningi bezempilo base-Ireland, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yomphakathi, basebenza emsebenzini wezinqubo zefa i-IT. Lezi zimiso ngokuvamile azinawo amandla okubhala anamuhla okubhala, zinezigaba eziguquguqukayo, futhi zingase zingakuxhasi ukulawulwa kwezimiso eziqinile zokungena. Ukubambisana phakathi kwezimiso zesibhedlela ezihlukene, i-GP i-software, kanye namapulatifomu empilo esizwe (njengezimiso ze-Heal Service Provice Ad) kulinganiselwe kakhulu, kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kwamasiko okungasungula i-injini.

Uma ukwaziswa kuhlanganyelwa phakathi kwalezi zimiso — — “‘ ikakhulukazi ku-AP Is, ukudluliswa kwamafayela, noma ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane ehlukene — “‘ ingozi yokutholana ngaphandle kogunyaziwe noma inkohlakalo iyakhula. Ucingo olulodwa olubuthakathaka lungaphazamisa ukugeleza kokwaziswa okuzwelayo.

Ukubhala Okunganele Nokuthumela Ukwaziswa

Nakuba ukukopisha kutuswa kabanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwendlela kungaguquguquka. Imininingwane ephumule (ehlelwe emitatsheni yedata, eziqiwini ezigciniwe) kanye nokwaziswa okuthunyelwayo (ukuhamba phakathi kwezimiso noma ngaphesheya kwemifelandawo) idinga izindinganiso eziqinile zokubhala ngokukopisha ezifana ne-AES-256 ukuze igcine i-TLS 1. Nokho, izinhlangano eziningi zobuhlakani zisencike emithethweni yakudala, iminxanxathela yangaphakathi engafihliwe kahle, noma imishini eyimfihlo engalinganiswanga kahle (VPNS). Ingozi ibucayi ikakhulukazi uma ukwaziswa kwangaphandle kuhlanganyelwa nabantu abasebenza nabo nge-imeyili, inqoloba yamafu, noma amapulatifomu esithathu angahambisani okuphepha okungaqondani nezindinganiso ezifanayo zokuphepha.

Ukungalondeki Kusongela Nezilwi Zempi

Ingxenye yezokunakekelwa kwezempilo iyisisulu esiyinhloko sabeze-inthanethi. Ukuhlasela kwe-ransowe, imikhankaso yokubulala nokusongela okuqhubekayo kuye kwanda kakhulu. E-Ireland, ukuhlasela kwe-HSE1 kwesihlenga kwabonisa inhlekelele engaba khona — imibiko yeziguli yafihlwa, kwaphazamiseka futhi ukwaziswa kwavuleka obala. Ukuvikela ekusongelwani okunjalo kudinga indlela yokubeka isilinganiso esibanzi:

  • Ingxenye ye-metal ye-nethinet ukulinganisela ukuhamba kwengxenye ye-pane uma kwenzeka kungena.
  • Ukuthola nokuphendula kwesiphelo kanye nempendulo (EDR) amakhambi kuzo zonke izisetshenziswa.
  • Ukuhlolwa kokungena okuphindiwe[ nokuhlola ukuchayeka.
  • Ukuqeqesha kobungcweti [ ekuboneni imizamo yophatho nobunjiniyela bezenoloji.
  • Amasu okusabela okungaqondakali ahlolwa futhi avuselelwe njalo.

Imithombo engokwezimali neyesintu edingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe isivikelo esinjalo iphakeme kakhulu, kodwa izindleko zokudilikelwa ziphakeme kakhulu — “‘ hhayi kuphela ekukhokheni isihlengo noma amahlawulo kodwa nasekulimaleni kwesineke, ekubekeni imingcele engokomthetho, nasekulahlekelweni ukwethenjwa.

Ukuqeqesha Abasebenzi Nephutha Lomuntu

Ubuchwepheshe bubodwa abukwazi ukuvimbela ukuphuka kokwaziswa. Iphutha lomuntu lihlala lingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu — `I-imeyili elahlekile, izisetshenziswa ezilahlekile, amagama ayimfihlo abuthakathaka, noma ukwabelana ngengozi iziqinisekiso zokungena. Izisebenzi zezempilo zivame ukusebenza kakhulu futhi zingabeka phambili ukunakekela kwesineke enhlanzeni eqinile yokwaziswa. I-Comprehensive, ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe isiko lokuqaphela ukulondeka. Lokhu akuhlanganisi izisebenzi zobuchwepheshe kuphela njenge-IT abaphathi nababenjwayeli kodwa futhi nasebeza, odokotela, izisebenzi zokuphatha, ngisho nezakhi ezithola ukwaziswa kwezempilo.

Ukulinganisela Imininingwane Ehlanganyela Nesikhathi Somuntu Esinesineke

Ukubaluleka Kokwaziswa Okukodwa Ekwelapheni

Ukuhlanganyela ulwazi kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokunakekela impilo. Uma isiguli sisuka e-GP siye kuchwepheshe wezokwelapha, ukufinyelela emlandweni waso ogcwele wezokwelapha kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlola ukuphindwa, amaphutha, kanye nokuxilonga okubambene nokwephuzile. Emphakathini, ulwazi lwempilo olungahambisani nemithetho yempilo lusiza ukuqapha umphakathi, ukucwaninga ngesayensi yezifo, kanye nokuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo. Izingxoxo zezempilo (HIES) nemibhalo yokunakekela okuhlangene zithuthukiswa ukudambisa lokhu e-Ireland, kodwa izindaba zomuntu siqu zisemgoqweni obalulekile.

Ukuthemba Iziguli Nokubona Ingaphandle

Iziguli zingase zibangelwe ukuxoxa ngokwaziswa komuntu siqu ngempilo uma zesaba ukuthi zingasetshenziswa kabi, zithengiswe, noma zivikelwe ngokwanele. Ukuhlola njalo kubonisa ukuthi ukwethembana kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuhlanganyela ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokuthatha isinyathelo. Abagcini bempilo badinga ukusungula izimiso ezicacile, ezifinyelelekayo ezichaza kahle ukuthi ulwazi luzosetshenziswa kanjani, ukuthi ubani ozokwazi ukufinyelela, nokuthi yiziphi izivikelo ezikhona endaweni. Ukukhulumisana okusobala — ngomqondo ocacile — izakhiwo zemvume, izimemezelo zokwethulwa kwangasese, nokuthembisana obala — [1] akuyona nje imfuneko engokomthetho kodwa kuyikho ukukho okusebenzayo yokwakha nokulondoloza ukwethembana.

Ukuqanjwa Kwamagama Nokuqanjwa Kwamagama Njengekhambi

Izinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko zingasiza ekuvumelaniseni ukuqina phakathi kwendawo esetshenziswayo yokwaziswa kanye nemfihlo: ukufihlwa kwamagama kanye nokubizwa ngephutha. Ukubizwa ngegama ngokungenangqondo kususa yonke imininingwane ehlukanisayo ukuze abantu bangakwazi ukuphinde baphawulwe. Ukuguqula ukubuyisela izikhombi nge-empyms, ukuvumela ukwaziswa ukuba kuhambisane noma kuxhunyanwe uma kusadingeka ukuvikela ulwazi lwendaba oluyisihloko esivela emaqenjini agunyaziwe.

Nokho, zombili lezi zinqubo zinokulinganiselwa. Intuthuko ezindleleni zokubuyisela izakhi, kanye nokwaziswa okucebile kwempilo (kuhlanganisa nokwaziswa okungokwezakhi zofuzo, izifo eziyivelakancane, kanye nezinqanda izenhlalo), isho ukuthi ulwazi olungaziwa ngempela kunzima ukulwenza. Izinhlangano kumelwe zithathe izilinganiso eziphelele zezingozi futhi zisebenzise indlela efanelekile esekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuhloselweyo nasemathubeni okulimaza.

Ukulinganisela Imininingwane Nenjongo

Ngaphansi kwe-GDPR, abalawuli bemininingwane kudingeka baqoqe kuphela imininingwane edingekile ngenjongo ethile eqondile, engokomthetho. Kumongo wempilo, lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kuhlanganyelwa ukwaziswa okuncane okudingekayo, ukwaziswa okungadluliswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukucwaninga ngesifo senhliziyo akudingi ikheli eligcwele lesiguli noma ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo okungahlobene nalesimo. Ukuhlela izimiso zokungena kolwazi oluqinile, izimvume ezisekelwe endima, kanye nokuhlungwa kwemininingwane yezimoto kungasiza ekusebenziseni lezimiso.

Iziyalezo Nezikhambi Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ama - technicolo Ezokuxhumana: I - blockchain, i-Al, kanye nezindlela Zobuchwepheshe Eziyimfihlo

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe inikeza izixazululo ezithembisayo zezinselele zesivikelo sokwaziswa. ubuchwepheshe be-tabchain ngokwesibonelo, bunganikeza umzila we-application ongaguquki wokungena kolwazi nowokwabelana, ukuqinisekisa ukulandisa nokungavuselelwa. Ukuhlakanipha okungakhanyisayo [[[FLT:]] [FLT]] [ukuhlola ukufica kwe-oma emphacesssss esss, i-home-modefic, ukuvala okungakhomba noma ukusebenzisa okungagunyaziwe okunga ngesikhathi sangempela. ubuchwepheshe obungakhohliswayo-(ETS])[FLD:5] njengobumgame-expointal, futhi ububanzi bemininingwane obungadififififififififiwe.

La makhambi asesezingeni lokuqala zokutholwa kwezempilo yase-Irish, kodwa imisebenzi yomshayeli nezibonelo zomhlaba wonke zibonisa ukuthi angakwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-European Health Data Space (EHDS) ithatha isinyathelo sokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezihlelekile, ezilondekile zokuhlanganisa imininingwane yempilo ebolile, futhi i-Ireland izodinga ukuvumelana nalezi zici ezisahluphayo.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabaphathi Nenguquko Yempucuko

Ubuchwepheshe bubodwa abukwazi ukuxazulula izinselele zokuvikela ukwaziswa — − .Inguquko yempucuko neyokuziphatha ibaluleke ngokufanayo. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha okuqhubekayo kumelwe zifakwe entuthukweni yobuchwepheshe yabo bonke abasebenza ngokunakekela impilo. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kufanele kuhlanganise izibopho ezingokomthetho, imikhuba engcono kakhulu, kanye nezinga lokusebenza kahle lokuhlanganyela ulwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zezempilo zidinga ukuthuthukisa impucuko lapho ukuvikela kokwaziswa kungabhekwa njengesici esinzima esiphezulu kodwa njengesici esiyisisekelo sokunakekela imfanelo nesivikelo sesineke.

Ukuhlelwa Kokubusa Okuyinkimbinkimbi Nokusetshenziswa Kwesimiso

Awukho umnakekeli wezokwelapha ongaxazulula lezinselele ngokuzihlukanisa. Imizamo ebanzi phakathi kwe-Health Service Idevice (HSE), uMnyango wezempilo, i-Data Protection Commission, amaqembu okuvikela iziguli, nochwepheshe bobuchwepheshe ibalulekile. Ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso zesizwe ezicacile zokwabelana ngemininingwane — [1] kuhlanganise nezincazelo zobuchwepheshe, izikhombisi zemvume, izivumelwano zemininingwane, nokuhlola izimfuneko — [1] kunganciphisa ukuhlukana nokwethenjwa.

Ukuzimisela kukahulumeni wase-Ireland ekunakekeleni uhlelo lokuguqula, olugcizelela ukunakekelwa okuhlangeneyo kanye ne-eHealth, lunikeza ithuba lokufaka imfihlo nokulondeka kwasekuqaleni. Ngokufanayo, ukuhambisana nezindlela ezibanzi ze-EU njenge-EHDS kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-Irish zimiso zokuvikela ukwaziswa ziyavumelana futhi zivikelekile esikhathini esizayo.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Kwabanakekela Impilo

  • Yenza ibalazwe elibanzi lokudweba ukwaziswa ukuze uqonde ukuthi kuphethwe yini, kugelezaphi nokuthi kuhlanganyelwa kanjani.
  • Inqubo yokuhlola i - CDA ephumelelayo yokuvikela ukwaziswa (DPIA) ukuze zonke izindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana.
  • Ukukhipha i - deploy enamandla kokubhala nokulawula ukungena kuzo zonke izimiso nokudluliswa kokwaziswa.
  • Yakha indima yomfundisi ozinikezele wezokuvikela (DPO) onegunya nengcebo yangempela.
  • Yakha izimpawu ezicacile, ezibonisa ukuba wedwa okunesineke ezichaza ukwaziswa okuhlanganyela imikhuba ethile ngolimi olulula.
  • Njalo hlola amapulani okusabela kwezenzakalo nokuzivivinya nezindawo eziseceleni nabo bonke abanezikhungo ezifanele.
  • Ukuhlangana ne-[QT:0] Isiqondiso se-Deta Protection Commission se-menu yezempilo ukuhlala uvumelana.
  • Hlola ukuthathwa ezikhungweni zemfundo njenge UCD’s Digital Health Lab ukuze uthole izindlela ezintsha, ukugcina i-athom-engey.

Isiphetho

Ukuvikela ukwaziswa kwesiguli ekwandiseni kokwaziswa kobuhlakani obungokwempilo kuphakathi kwezinkinga eziphuthuma kakhulu ezibhekene nesimiso sempilo sase-Ireland. Uhlelo lwezomthetho, nakuba luqinile, luyinkimbinkimbi futhi ludinga ukuthobelana ngenkuthalo. Ubuchwepheshe budinga ukulawulwa — “‘ kusukela ezimisweni ezithathelwe indawo kuya ekususeni usongo lwe-inthanethi oluqhubekayo — .--------"ifuna ukugcinwa okuqhubekayo nokuqashelwayo. Ukulinganisa izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa zokuhlanganyela nelungelo eliyisisekelo lobumfihlo kudinga ukuba sobala, isineke siqikeleze, kanye nokwamukela izinhlelo eziphambili zobuchwepheshe zokulondoloza imfihlo.

Ekugcineni, indlela engaphambili ixhomeke ekuxhumaneni. Ngokuhlanganisa abanakekela impilo, abaqondisi, izazi zezobuchwepheshe, neziguli, i-Ireland ingakha ukwaziswa okuhlanganisa imvelo ekhona neyokwethenjwa. Ukuphumelela kwalezi zinselele ngeke nje kuthuthukise izinga lezinkonzo zokwelapha nokucwaninga kodwa kuyokwenza kube ngcono futhi kuqinise isisekelo esingokokuziphatha sesimiso sokunakekela impilo — futhi kulapho ukwaziswa kweziguli kuphathwa khona ngokunakekelwa nangenhlonipho efanele.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe endaweni evikelekile yokwaziswa yase-Ireland, bheka i-Office ye-Data Protection Commission kanye ne-[FLT] isekethi yemithombo yezokwaziswa yezempilo yezokuzivikela [.