Izomnotho Zokulondoloza Ukuqapha Kwesizwe

Izomnotho Zokulondoloza Ukuqapha Kwesizwe

I-National Guard iyibutho eliyingqayizivele embusweni wezempi wase-United States, elisebenza ngaphansi komyalo wezwe ombaxa-mbili. Amalungu ayo asebenza njengezakhamuzi-abaphathi-zikhundla, alinganisela imisebenzi yezakhamuzi ngemisebenzi yezempi, futhi abalulekile kukho kokubili ukulondeka kwezwe lakubo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezindawo zaphesheya. Kodwa ukugcinwa kwaleli gunya kuhilela ukudayiswa kwezomnotho okuyinkimbinkimbi okubangelwa ukulawulwa kwemali kahulumeni, umbuso, nezimali zendawo, kanye nezomnotho zendawo, kanye nakwezomnotho ezisezingeni elizimele. Ukuqonda lemisebenzi yezezomnotho kubalulekile kubenzi bezesimiso okumelwe balinganisele ukulinganisela ngemithwalo yezomthetho, nangenxa yokukhokha intela ekugcineni abaxhasa imisebenzi ye-gadoko. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlola okugunya kakhulu, okugunyayo, izinzuzo, nezinzuzo, kanye nezimo zemali ezinde kakhulu zokulondoloza i-National Guards.

Izindleko Zezisebenzi: Ingxenye Enkulu Kunazo Zonke Emalini

Izindleko zezisebenzi zihlanganisa amaphesenti angaba ngu-60 kuya ku-70 engqikithi yezindleko zaminyaka yonke zokunakekela i-National Guard, izenza zibe yinkokhelo eyodwa enkulu kakhulu. Lezizindleko zihlanganisa iholo eliyisisekelo, amahhala, amabhonasi, iminikelo yomhlalaphansi, nokunakekelwa kwempilo yawo womabili amalungu avamile engxenye yengxenye yesikhathi esigcwele nezisebenzi ezisekela isikhathi esigcwele (Active Guard Reserve, noma AGR).

Ukukhokhela Ukuhlelwa Kwalokho Okukhona Ngesikhathi Esiningi

Amalungu esizwe sobugada asebenza ngempela ngempela ngempelasonto eyodwa ngenyanga namasonto amabili ngonyaka okuqeqeshwa, ethola iholo elilingana nenani lamalungu awo asebenzayo asebenza ngokulingana nesikhundla kanye nesikhathi emsebenzini. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izikhathi zokubhola zilinganiselwe, imbuyiselo yaminyaka yonke yelungu eliqeshiwe elinguMgadi Ongaphansi komkhosi ingaba ngu $6,000 000 (R1,50 000) kuphela, kuyilapho isikhulu esiphethe sasingathola imali engu $30 000 (R1,50 000) emholweni wokubhola sodwa. Nokho, lapho abagadali bebizwa emsebenzini osebenzayo wokusebenza ezindaweni zikahulumeni noma eziphuthumayo, iholo labo linyukela emazingeni asebenzayo, ngokuvamile izindleko eziphindaphindene noma ukuthatha izindleko zempi ngaleyo nkathi.

Ukusekela Isikhathi Esigcwele Nezindleko Ze - AGR

I-National Guard kazwelonke isebenzisa futhi izinkulungwane zezisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele, kuhlanganise nezikhulu ze-AGR, ochwepheshe, nezisebenzi ezingabuthiwe eziphatha izakhiwo zokuqeqesha, i-logists, kanye nokuphatha. Ngokwe-National Guardian Bureau, kunezikhundla ze-AGR ezicishe zibe ngu-56,000 ezweni lonke, ngasinye sibiza isilinganiso sama-R30,000 ngonyaka kuhlanganise nezinzuzo. Lokhu kwenezela imali elinganiselwa ku-R3,6 000 000 000 ngonyaka emalini yezisebenzi ze-galelo-mali, isamba esivame ukunganakwa ezingxoxwa ezingxoxweni ezibhekiswe kakhulu emalungwini engxenyeni yengxenye.

Izinzuzo Nezibopho Zokuthatha Umhlalaphansi

Ukunakekelwa kwempilo nge-TRICARE Reserve Sele Sele Kheta, umshuwalense wokuphila, kanye nesimiso somhlala-phansi esihlangene nakho kumelela izingozi ezinkulu ezithatha isikhathi eside. UMnyango Wezokuvikela ulinganisela ukuthi inzuzo engagunyaziwe yeNational Guard neReserve ingaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4, neminikelo yaminyaka yonke edingekayo ukugcina isimiso sincibilikisiwe.

Izinto Zokuhlobisa Nezakhiwo: Ukuwohloka Kwenhloko - dolobha

I-National Guard isebenzisa imishini eminingi [1] kusukela kwizindiza ezinophephela emhlane nasemalolini asindayo ukuya kumagiya okuxhumana nasemagumbini ezokwelapha. Ukulondoloza lemishini kuwumzamo owenziwe ngokuyinhloko odinga ukutshala imali ngokungaguquki phakathi namashumi amaningi eminyaka.

Ukwelapha Nokusebenza Kwanamuhla

Ngokungafani namandla asebenzayo athola imishini emisha njalo ngemijikelezo yeminyaka eminingi, i-Accounting Office ithola imishini efakwa phansi. Noma kunjalo, i-Agada kumelwe ithole izimiso ezintsha zemisebenzi ekhethekile cishe njengendiza yeC- 130H yokuthutha indiza ukuze iphakamise amaphiko noma i-M109A7 ezizijikelezayo ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala izilinganiso zombayimbayi zasendle. I-Rondment Accomporation Office (GAO) iqaphele ukuthi isilinganiso sokuzishintsha kwemishini sicishe sibe 0.7% ngonyaka wengqikithi ye-oral customs, okusho ukuthi ingathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-140 ukuba ithathe yonke imishini ekukhokheleni imali. Lokhu okufakwa ngaphansi kwe-injini egcina izindleko ezigciniwe.

Uphethiloli, Ukugwinya Nokudla

Ukuqeqesha kwaminyaka yonke kudla izigidi zamalitha kaphethiloli kawoyela kanye nezinye imikhiqizo. Isicelo semali yokusetshenziswa kwemali ka-Fiscal Year 2024 sowoyela we-National Guard sodwa sasingu-R2,2 000 000 000 000. Izindleko zokuhlokoma kwe-mmuniyo zishaqisa ngokufanayo: i- 54th Security Forces Squadron, i-gaster, i-Roder, isebenzise imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R2,2 ezibalwa ngezikhali ezincane phakathi nomjikelezo owodwa waminyaka yonke. I-Spare kanye nezisebenzi zokulondoloza umsebenzi zezenezela enye i-R4, ngokwe-National Guard Bureault.

Izindawo Nefa Langempela

Isifundazwe ngasinye sinakekela izindawo zokulwa, izikhungo zokuqeqesha, kanye nezindawo zokusekela isikhathi esigcwele. Lezi zakhiwo zidinga izinto ezisemzimbeni, ukulondeka, nokuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Izakhiwo zaminyaka yonke zokulondoloza iRoard zingaba amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5,5, ngokwesilinganiso se-2023 se-RAND Corporations, kodwa imali efanelekayo ihlanganisa kuphela amaphesenti angu-60 alesosidingo, okuholela ekulondolozeni izakhiwo ezilinganiselwayo zezigidi ezingu-R92. Lokhu kunakekelwa okubekelwe isikhathi ekugcineni kudingekile njengokulungiswa kwephuthumayo.

Izindleko Ezisebenzayo Phakathi Nemisebenzi Ephansi

Lapho i-gard ivunyelelwa ukuba isebenzise izimo eziphuthumayo zikahulumeni noma imishini kahulumeni, izindleko zokusebenza ziyanda.

Impi Yamaqembu Empi Kahulumeni

Ukusebenza koMbuso (umz., ukusabela kwesiphepho, izinxushunxushu zombango) kuxhaswe ekuqaleni yizwe kodwa kungakhokhelwa yi-FEMA ngaphansi kwezimemezelo ezithile zenhlekelele. Nokho, inqubo yokubuyisela imali ithatha kancane, ngokuvamile ithatha izinyanga eziyi-18-24, iphoqelela ukuba izimali zikahulumeni zithwale isikweleti esifushane. Ukuqoqa izikweletu zesikhashana (umz., ukuthunyelwa kwezwe laphesheya kwezwe) kukhokhelwa ngezimali nge-Overseactives Microlects, okungadlula izigidi eziyinkulungwane ezingu-20 ngonyaka ngenxa yakho konke ukuthunyelwa kwe-Roffansstion. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwama-Roffars angu-12 000 kuya emngceleni waseningizimu engu-2023, izindleko zokuthutha, ukukhokhela izindleko ezingaphezulu kwezingu-R7 000 000 000 000,5, ukujikeleza kwemithi, ukuxhasa i-ognog.

Izindawo Ezisheshayo Zokuhlaselwa Kwezixuku

Ukumemezela izindleko eziphuthumayo zikahulumeni kubangela ukukhokhelwa isikhathi esengeziwe (ingxenye yomthetho wezezimali inikeza amalungu onogada umsebenzi owenziwayo wezwe ongaphezu kwamahora angu-40 ngesonto). Phakathi nezenzakalo ezinjengeSiphepho uFlorence (2088), lezizindleko ezithatha isikhathi esengeziwe zanezela amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-49 kumthetho waseNingizimu Carolina kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhasi e-logics (i-charter, izindiza, amakamu esikhashana) abiza imali engaphezulu nge-30/50% yesilinganiso sesisekelo semisebenzi ehleliwe.

Ukukhalipha Kwezokwelapha Nezinzuzo Zokuzigcina

Izinkinga zandisa izidingo zempilo engokomzimba nengokwengqondo kubagada. Ukuhlola kobuphekula bempilo ngemva kwe-post-detroysology, ukwelashwa kwe-PTSD, kanye nokushintsha kwenqubo yokuhlola i-Disability System kubiza isilinganiso samaRandi angu-20 000 ngelungu elibuyayo, ngokwe-Department of Veterans Affairs. Lezizindleko zivame ukuthwalwa iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokuthunyelwa, okwenza kube lula ukuzikhohlwa ngokuhlelwa kwemali okufushane kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni izindleko zemali esikhathini eside.

Ukusebenzisa Imishini Nokuhlela Imali

Ukuqonda indlela i-National Guard exhaswe ngayo kucacisa ukudayiswa kwezomnotho. Imali ye-gaard ihamba ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: izindleko zokuzivikela zikahulumeni, ukukhokhelwa kwe-FEMA, kanye nenkokhelo yemali ye-FEMA.

Ukusikisela Kwamalungiselelo

Ingxenye enkulu kakhulu ivela kuMnyango we-National Guard and Reserve Appropriation (NGREA) nemisebenzi yeButho neButho loMmoya kanye nama-akhawunti okunakekela. Ngonyaka wama-2024, ukuxhasa izimali kukahulumeni kucishe kube izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4 zamaRandi. Nokho, lemali ilawulwa kakhulu yizinto eziza kuqala zesizwe zokuvikela.

Iminikelo Kahulumeni Nokwehlukahluka Kwezimo Ezingu-50

Izwe linikela cishe ngamaphesenti ayishumi-15 engqikithi yezindleko zokusekela ze-gard, ngokuyinhloko ezezimboni, iholo elisebenza ngombuso, kanye nemishini esetshenziswayo kuphela eminyangweni yasekhaya. Kodwa leli nani lihluka kakhulu ngengcebo nogcizelelo lukahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, iNew York yachitha izigidi ezingu-1024 zamaRandi egadeni layo ngo-2022 ukuze isetshenziswe umbuso, kuyilapho iWyoming ichithe nje amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-4. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa komthwalo olinganayo phakathi nezinhlekelele zezifunda eziningi.

Izikhulu Zokuphindisela Nezinkwa

I - FEMA ikhokhela amaphesenti angu - 75 ezindleko ezifanele zogada phakathi nezinhlekelele ezimenyezelwe, kodwa ama - 25% asele angacindezela imali kahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Wobulungisa unikeza izimali zemisebenzi yokuvikela izidakamizwa nemingcele, ehlanganisa izindleko ezithile ezisebenzayo kodwa ngokuvamile efika nezimfuneko eziqinile zokuzigcina.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho: Zingaphezu Kokulinganisela

Nakuba iNational Guard ithwala izindleko eziphakeme, futhi iveza izinzuzo ezinkulu ezingokomnotho ezinciphisa ezinye zezindleko.

Imiphumela Ehlukahlukene Yezomnotho Zasendaweni

Lapho isitimela segada noma sisebenza emphakathini, bafaka imali ezomnotho zendawo ngezivumelwano zokudla, indawo yokuhlala, uphethiloli, nezinkonzo. Ukuhlolwa okungu-2029 kwe-University of Illinois kwalinganisela ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwaminyaka yonke kwabalindi abangu-500 kungenisa amadollar ayizigidi ezingu-20 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-20,8) emsebenzini wezezomnotho. Kulo lonke izwe, konke ukuqeqeshwa nokusebenza kuhlangene kuveza umphumela owengeziwe womuntu oyedwa,4:1 ngemali ngayinye echithwa emalini elisetshenziswa ezindaweni zogadayo emongweni zogadayo ezwe.

Umsebenzi Nenzuzo

Abagada basebenzisa amalungu angaphezu kuka-450 000 (abala kokubili isikhathi esiyingxenye nesikhathi esigcwele), beyenza ibe ngenye yabaqashi bomphakathi abakhulu kakhulu ezweni. Izikhundla zogada abagcwele zinikeza iholo elizinzile, eliphakathi kwesigaba elinezinzuzo ezindaweni ezingase zibe namathuba amancane ayimfihlo. Ezizweni zasemaphandleni njengeMontana noma iMississippi, iQuer ingaba omunye wabaqashi abaphezulu abayishumi.

Ukugwema Izindleko: Kuyimicebo Eshisiwe Kunomsebenzi Onzima Wasekhaya

Izisebenzi ezisebenzayo zempi ezisebenzayo eziphuthumayo zasekhaya zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zezindlu, ukuthutha kwemishini enzima, nesidingo sokubuyisela umsebenzi wazo waphesheya. Umbiko we-Congregational Bacculture Office wathola ukuthi ukusebenzisa iNational Guard ngezindleko zosizo zesiphepho cishe ngamaphesenti angu-60 ngosuku kungaphansi kwamandla alinganayo emisebenzi esebenzayo ngenxa yokuthi abagada sebebekwe eduze kwendawo yenhlekelele futhi ngokuvamile basebenzisa izimoto zabo noma imishini esekelwe kuyo. Phakathi nenkathi yenhlekelele yeminyaka emihlanu, lokhu kusindisa uhulumeni wezwe lonke isilinganiso samadolarandi ayizigidi ezingu-20 (R362).

Umlando: Ukwanda Kwezindleko

Izomnotho zokulondoloza iNational Guard ziye zashintsha ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekusungulweni kwazo ngo - 1903 nge - Dick Act.

Ukusuka Eminyangweni YoMbuso Kuya Ebuthweni Lempi

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amabutho amasosha cishe ayencishiswe ngokuphelele uhulumeni, futhi izisebenzi zazibiza kancane ngoba amalungu ayevame ukulungiselela iyunifomu nezikhali zawo. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, uhulumeni wathatha umthwalo owengeziwe wokuxhasa imali, okwaholela ekwandeni okusheshayo. Ukulungisa ukunyuka kwamandla emali, izindleko zaminyaka yonke ze-gaders ziye zaphindeka kathathu kusukela ngo-1950, ziqhutshwa izindinganiso zokuqeqesha ezikhuphukile, imishini eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi zizuza amathemba.

Umphumela Wempi Yembulunga Yonke Esabisayo

Inkathi yangemva kwe-99/11 yabonisa ukushintshwa kwemali egciniwe ekhethekile kusuka ezindaweni ezisebenzayo kuya emadolobheni asebenzayo, ephindaphindwayo phesheya. Le zisebenzi zanda kakhulu futhi zisebenzisa izindleko ezihambisana ne-"stude" , ukunakekelwa komkhaya, i-PTSD, kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini. Imali kaNational Guard yaminyaka yonke yakhula isuka ku-R222 000 000 000 000 000 kuya ku-R4 000 000 000 ngonyaka ngo-2024. Izindleko zesikhathi eside zale nkathi yokusebenza isalinganiswa njengezindaba zempilo nemishini iyaqhubeka inyuka.

Izindleko Zokuthola Amathuba Nezisebenzi Zezohwebo

Imali ngayinye echithwa eNational Guard iyi - dollar engachithwa kwezinye izimpahla zomphakathi.

Imishini Yezohwebo Nezingxenye Zezilwane Ezisebenzayo

Ukuxhasa izimali ezikhona zezisebenzi ezisebenzayo, ezibiza kakhulu kokubili ilungu ngalinye kodwa futhi ezibekelwe imisebenzi yokulwa ephambili. Ngokufanayo, i-Marine Corps Reserve noma i-Naval Reserve incintisana neqoqo elifanayo lemali. Ucwaningo lwango-2021 lwaphetha ukuthi ukususa ku-Roard ku-izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 zezigidi zamaRandi ukuya eButhweni lempi elisebenzayo kungathuthukisa ukulungiselelwa kwempi enkulu, kodwa ngezindleko zokuncishiswa kwempumelelo yasekhaya. Abaphathi-makethi makahlole la misebenzi yokuhweba ekhethekile ngokumelene nemithetho.

Izindleko Zamathuba Asemzimbeni Kahulumeni

Imali kahulumeni esetshenziselwa ukunezela ekukhokheleni igalelo, ukwakha izimpahla zokulwa, noma ukumboza izinto ezingasetshenziswanga ngokungezona ezingokomsebenzi ingasetshenziselwa imfundo, izakhiwo, noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, izindleko zikahulumeni zaminyaka yonke ze-R3 500 ezihlobene noMgada waseCalifornia zingaxhasa othisha abangu-6 000 noma amakhilomitha angu-500 omgwaqo omkhulu. Lokhu kuhweba kuba kubi kakhulu phakathi nokuntenga kwezomnotho lapho intela yehla.

Izinselele Zesikhathi Esizayo Nokuzinziswa

Uma sibheka phambili, ukuthambekela okuningana kuyothonya izomnotho ze - National Guard.

Izindleko Zezisebenzi Ezikhokhwayo Nawo Wonke Amandla Ajabulisayo

Izindleko zokuthola nokugcina izisebenzi ziyaqhubeka zinyuka. I-gade libhekene nobunzima bokuhlangabezana nezisulu zalo zokubuthwa ($62% kuphela amandla agunyaziwe agcwaliswa ngo-2023. Lokhu kubangela ukusetshenziswa kwamabhonasi nezindleko zokuthengisa, njengoba i-gadee isebenzisa amabhonasi ayizigidi ezingu-400 e-FY2023 kuphela. Ukulondoloza amandla, izimali zesikhathi esizayo zingadinga ukukhokha ngokushesha kunokwehla kwamandla emalini.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuguga Nokucindezela Kwanamuhla

Isilinganiso seminyaka yendiza igada siyiminyaka engu-28, ingaphezu kakhulu kokuphila okuhloselwe inkonzo kwamapulatifomu amaningi. Isidingo sokuhlaziya imikhumbi yempi (i ikakhulukazi kuma-C- 130) kanye nama-CH-47 Chinooks . kungadinga enye i-R120 000 000 000 000 kunama-$s (R180) ezigidi ngeshumi elizayo. Ukuhluleka ukutshala imali kuyoholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme zokunakekela nokunciphisa amandla okuthunywa.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nezindleko Ezengeziwe Zezinhlekelele

Izinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo ezivame kakhulu nezinzima ezibangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ziyondisa umsebenzi osebenzayo kahulumeni. Indima yabaphathi ekucinezeleni komlilo, ukusabela kwesikhukhula, nokubuya kwesiphepho isikhuphu senyuka kakade. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka, izindleko zokusebenza zinganyuka ngo 20-30% ngeshumi leminyaka, ukubeka ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe kokubili ezinhlabeni zemali zombuso neze-FEMA.

Ukuphumelela Kwezilawuli Zezindleko

Izindlela zokukhokha izindleko zihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izikhali eziqinile ezisezweni, ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwamakhenikha angekho empini ezindima zokusekela, nokulungisa ukuxubana kwengxenye yengxenye nezisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele. Nokho, ukugcinwa kwemali ngayinye kunezingozi zezombangazwe nezisebenzayo, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza izinguquko ezibanzi.

Isiphetho: Ukulinganisela Ukuba Umphathi Nokufunda

Izindleko zemali zezisebenzi zigcwele imali eshisiwe, kodwa imishini nezidingo zezemisebenzi zithatha inhloko- dolobha eqinile. Izindleko zokulungisa izindleko ezisebenzayo ziyadlula, futhi ukugcinwa kwazo kuyathula. Kodwa igada linikeza izinzuzo ezikhethekile zezomnotho zokwenza izimali zemali, izindleko zokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa, kanye nemali eguquguqukayo yokusabela kwesizwe, okuyenza ibe yimali enzima ekulondolozeni ukhuseleko lwesizwe. Abaphathi-maqhinga kumelwe basebenzise le zindleko eziyinkimbinkimbi zohwebo zomsebenzi ngokuqonda kahle izindleko ezimfushane nezingadingekile ezinde. Ukwenza kanjalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi igalelo elihlala liyimali ekhokhwanywayo, amandla okulungisa izidingo zesizwe ezihlala njalo.