Lokho Okushiwo Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Komphakathi Wakini Nezwi Lakho

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lumelela enye yezingxenye ezibucayi kakhulu kodwa ezivame ukunganakwa. Nakuba okhetho oluvamile luthatha ukunaka komphakathi nokusakaza imithombo yezindaba, okhetho oluyinhloko lusebenza njengesigaba esiyisisekelo lapho ukuqondisa kwendawo, umbuso, nombuso wezwe kunqunywa khona ngempela. Le mincintiswano yokuqala inquma ukuthi yimuphi ozothwala ifulegi yeqembu labo enqubeni yokukhetha, ivumela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhetha okutholakala kubo bonke abavoti kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayiphi inhlangano. Kungenxa yokuthembisa izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuthuthukisa ithonya lazo emiphumelezweni nasebusweni yomphakathi, ukuqonda nokuhlanganyela kokhetho oluyinhloko akubalulekile nje kuphela.

Ukubaluleka kokhetho oluyinhloko kudlulela ngalé kokukhetha amagama nje kuphela. Lemincintiswano inquma ukuqondisa kwemibono kwamaqembu ezombangazwe, ithonya isimiso esiza kuqala eminyakeni ezayo, futhi ngokuvamile izibonakalisa iwujuqu kakhulu kunokhetho oluvamile ngokwalo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho iqembu elilodwa linenzuzo enkulu khona. Emiphakathini eminingi eUnited States, ukhetho oluyinhloko lunquma ngokuphumelelayo ukuphumelela kokhetho oluvamile, ukwenza ukuhlanganyela ngokuyinhloko ngendlela enenjongo kakhulu esaba isakhamuzi ukusebenzisa izwi laso lentando yeningi. Naphezu kwalokubaluleka, ukhetho oluyinhloko luye luye luzithathele phansi imvume kunenkomba ebanzi, okusho ukuthi ingxenye encane kakhulu ye-vota ephambili yabavoti abakhethiwe isebenza ngokuphawulekayo, ukuphatha, imiphumela ebusa.

Ukuqonda Isimiso Sokhetho Esiyinhloko

Umsebenzi wokhetho oluyinhloko njengendlela amaqembu ezombangazwe akhetha ngayo abameleli bawo abangokomthetho okhethweni oluvamile. Lenqubo yenzeka emazingeni amaningi kahulumeni ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ezikhundleni zebhodi lesikole namahhovisi kamasipala ukuya ezindaweni zokumisa umthetho, izigodi zombutho, futhi ngisho nezigqizo zomongameli. Isimiso esiyinhloko savela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 njengenguquko eqhubekayo eklanyelwe ukudlulisela amandla kubaphathi beqembu nemishini yezombangazwe kubavoti abavamile, ukuveza inqubo yokukhetha abavoti abameleli eyaye yenzeka ngaphambili ngemva kweminyango egcwele intuthu.

Isimiso nemithetho elawula ukhetho oluyinhloko kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ezifundazweni, kudala umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wezimiso ezingadidanisa ngisho nezakhamuzi ezithembiswe ngokwezombangazwe. ivimbela ukuthatha inxaxheba kubavoti abaye babhalisa neqembu elithile lezombangazwe, ivumela amaDemocrates kuphela ukuba avote eDemocratics naseRepublican Princial. Lesimiso, esisetshenziswa ezizweni ezinjenge New York, iFlorida, nePennsylvania, siklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuvota nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu eqiniso akhethiwe kunoma i-Democrates kuphela ukuba avote esigaba esisemthethweni kodwa amaRepublican esigaba esimelene nesigaba esiphikisayo.

i-openPrimet ithatha indlela ehlukile, ivumela abavoti ukuba bahlanganyele kunoma yimuphi umkhakha noma yimuphi umkhakha oyinhloko kungakhathaliseki ukubhaliswa kweqembu labo. Izwe elinjengoWisconsin, Michigan, neMissouri lisebenzisa lesi simiso, esisekelayo esiphikisanayo sikhulisa ukuhlanganyela futhi sibangele ukuba abathathi-mdlali abathakazeli abangcono kakhulu. Amavoter emazweni asobala angakhetha ukuthi yimaphi iqembu eliyinhloko lokuvota ngosuku lokhetho ngokwalo, nakuba engahlanganyela kuphela eqenjini eliyinhloko lokhetho.

Ama-prime acwengisiwe noma axubile amelela isisekelo esiphakathi, ngokuhlukahlukahluka okungavumela ukuba abavoti abangahlangene noma abazimele bahlanganyele emaqenjini aqalayo kuyilapho besahlukanisa amalungu abhalisiwe emincintiswaneni yeqembu labo. Amazwe anjengeColorado neNew Hampshire athathe izinqubo zalendlela, aqaphela inani elikhulayo labavoti abanqabayo ukuzihlanganisa neqembu elikhulu kuyilapho esalawula iqembu elithile ngenqubo yokulawula inqubo yokubulala.

Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zazama ukusebenzisa ezinye izimiso ezihlukile ngokuphelele. Phezulu-maprincial , ebizwa nangokuthi amaprimiry asehlathini noma amajijiji e-partarian, ivumela bonke abazobhapathizwa ukuba bahambe ngebhola lokuqala elilodwa elikhulu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlangene namaqembu, nabo bonke abavoti bakwazi ukuhlanganyela. Abaphambili ababili abakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili kukhetho oluvamile, ngisho noma bobabili bebodwa bebodwa beqembu elifanayo. California noWashington baye bafaka lesi simiso, esingaphumela ekuvezeni kokhetho oluvamile oluveza amaDemocrats noma amaRepublican aphikisana kakhulu nezindawo ezimbili eziphethe amazwe.

I-Alaska muva nje ithathele isimiso esiyinhloko-sine [ sihlangene nokuvota okunezikhundla zokuvota okhethweni oluvamile, okumelela enye yezindlela ezintsha kakhulu zokuguqula ugesi eminyakeni yamuva. Lesimiso sihlose ukunciphisa ukuhlahlela kwezindawo ezihlukene futhi unike abazodwa abazimeleyo nengxenye yesithathu indlela engcono yokungena ehhovisi.

Isimiso Sesikhathi Nenqubo Yokukhetha Okuyinhloko

Okhetho oluyinhloko lulandela uhlelo lwesikhathi oluhlelwe ngokucophelela oluhlukahluka ngomjikelezo wezwe nokhetho. Abaholi bamaPrimenda bathola ukunakwa okukhulu, nemibuso encintisana ngokuhlela imincintiswano yabo ekuqaleni konyaka wokhetho. I-Iowa caucuuses neNew Hampshire ngokuyinhloko baye baba nezikhundla zokuqala ekhalendeni lobumongameli, benikeza lamazwe amancane ithonya lokuwalula insimu yabafuni nokwakha imfumbano yabaphambili.

Kuhulumeni nasehhovisi lendawo, okhetho oluyinhloko luvame ukuvela entwasahlobo noma ehlobo leminyaka yokhetho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokhetho lukaNovember. Lesi sikhathi sivumela abawinayo ukuba basuke emncintiswaneni we-intrapartic baye emkhankasweni wokhetho oluvamile, baqinise ukusekela kweqembu, futhi bakhe imifelandawo yokuzibandakanya emncintiswaneni wokugcina. Ezinye izifunda zigcina iziqu zangaphandle kusukela ngoMatshi, kuyilapho ezinye zilinda kuze kube ngoAugust noma ngisho noSeptember, zidala uchungechunge oluqengqene lwemincintiswano olunwe kakhulu ngonyaka.

Inqubo yokuthola ifomu eliyinhloko lokufaka iposi elisehhovisi nakubusa kodwa ngokuvamile ifuna abazofunda ukubhalisela phansi amaphepha angokomthetho, ukukhokha intela yokukhokha, nokuqoqa inani elicacile lezicelo ezivela kubavoti ababhalisiwe. Lezi zimfuneko zisebenza njengomnyango wokuqinisekisa abazobhapathizwa ukuba babe nokusekelwa okuncane kanye namandla enhlangano, nakuba abagxeki bephikisa ngokuthi bangakha imingcele kwabazolutha abazosebenza ngaphandle kokuxhumana kwezombangazwe noma izimali.

Uma abazobhapathizwa sebefanelekela ukuvota, umkhankaso oyinhloko uqala ngobuqotho. Abavoti abaphambili beqembu labo, abathambekele ekuzibopheni ngokwemibono nangokwezombangazwe kunabavoti abavamile. Lokhu kuvame ukushukumisela abavoti ezikhundleni ezikhundleni zokukhetha phakathi neprimeter, isenzakalo ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi "ukugijimela esisekelweni," silandelwa ukulinganisela noma ukujika ngokulandelana esikhungweni sokhetho oluvamile.

Okwenza Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Kubaluleke Ngaphezu Kokucabanga Kwakho

Ukubaluleka kokhetho oluyinhloko akunakushiwo ngokungaphezulu, ikakhulukazi enkathini yokwanda kwesigaba sezombangazwe kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo lapho izigodi eziningi ezikhethayo zibuswa khona iqembu elilodwa. Kulezi zindawo zokukhetha ezingekho zenkomfa − manje ezihlanganisa izihlalo eziningi zobukhonya nezifunda zesifundazwe eziningi zemithetho elawulayo `ukukhetha okuwukuphela kwempi enenjongo. Umnqobi wesigaba esiyinhloko cishe uqinisekiswa ukuba awine ukhetho oluvamile, enze ukukhethwa okukhulu kwe-deo okunquma ukumiswa.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi emiphakathini eminingi, inani elincane labavoti abahlanganyela ekuthatheni izitho zobuhlalo linethonya elikhulu kakhulu ngemiphumela yokubusa kunemiphumela yokukhetha okukhulu kakhulu. Uma i-patmote eqalayo ihamba cishe amaphesenti angu-20-30 abavoti ababhalisiwe, njengoba ngokuvamile kwenza, umuntu ovotayo angaqinisekisa ukuqongelelwa kweqembu labo ngokusekela kwengqikithi yabavoti abayishumi namashumi amahlanu kuphela. Esifundeni esikhulu, lengxenye encane ikhetha ngokuphumelelayo umbambi wehhovisi ekugcineni, iphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile ngohlobo lwedemokrasi nomthetho.

Okhetho oluyinhloko lusebenza futhi njengendawo yokulwa nesiqondiso semibono phakathi kwamaqembu ezombangazwe. Izivumelwano phakathi kwabasekeli abaneziphazamiso abaneziphazamiso ezikhona kanye nabaphikisi bemibono, phakathi kwemifelandawonye ehlukene phakathi kwenani labantu kanye nesimiso esiphambili, qhaba phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zingxabano eziguquguqukayo zidlalwa okhethweni oluyinhloko. Imiphumela yale mincintiswano ayikona nje ukuthi ubani ophethe isikhundla kodwa ukuthi iziphi izimiso abaziphishekelayo, yiziphi izinxulumano abazakhayo, nokuthi babusa kanjani lapho bekhethiwe.

Imijikelezo yokukhetha yamuva nje iye yabonisa amandla okuguqula izinselele eziyinhloko. Abaphethe izikhundla ababebonakala belondekile baye babhekana nezinsongo ezinkulu eziyinhloko ezivela kubahlohli abaphikisanayo, baye balinganisela kakhulu, bakhulu kakhulu, bahlukanisiwe kakhulu nabamele izinhlangano, noma babukelwe izithakazelo ezikhethekile. Lezinselele eziyinhloko ziye zaguqula izithunywa zenhlangano, izishaya-mthetho, kanye neziqu ezibusayo zendawo, ngokuvamile ziveza inguquko enkulu eziphawulekayo ezimisweni eziza kuqala kanye nasezindleleni zokubusa.

Ithonya Ezindabeni Zomphakathi Wasendaweni Nokubusa

Nakuba ngokuvamile imibuso yezombangazwe yezwe ibusa ukukhokhwa kokhetho, ithonya lalemincintiswano ezindabeni zomphakathi lidinga ukunakekelwa okufanayo.ukhetho oluyinhloko lunquma ukuthi ubani oyothatha izinqumo ezibucayi mayelana nemfundo, ukutshala izakhiwo, imithombo yokulondeka komphakathi, imithetho yokuhlela indawo ezungezile, isivikelo sendawo ezungezile, nezinye izindaba ezingenakubalwa ezithinta ngokuqondile ukuphila kwansuku zonke emiphakathini kulo lonke izwe.

Cabangela isimiso semfundo, esinye sezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu emikhayeni eminingi nasemiphakathini. Okhetho oluyinhloko lunquma ukuthi obani abazosebenza emabhodini esikole, ezindlini zombuso ezimisa imfundo esekelwe ezimisweni zemfundo, nasemahhovisi ababusi akha imfundo ezwe lonke. Abakhetha kakhulu ngokuvamile basusa izikhundla ezihlukene ezindabeni ezinjengokhetho lwesikole, uthisha, ukukhokha intengo ehlelekile, uhlelo lwezifundo, namazinga emfundo. Abanqobi bale mfundo bayaqhubeka benza izinqumo ezithinta izinga lemfundo etholakala emphakathini, imithombo yezemfundo etholakala kuthisha, izimali ezitholakalayo, kanye nomthwalo wentela kwabanikazi bezimpahla bendawo.

Izakhiwo zesakhiwo nentuthuko kumelela enye indawo ebucayi lapho intuthuko eyisisekelo yokhetho iphumela khona. Izindawo zehhovisi lendawo nezwe ngokuvamile zihluka kakhulu ezindleleni zazo zokutshala, ukuthuthukisa izindlu, ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo, ukwanda komphakathi, nezakhiwo ezingokwezisekelo. Abanye abazokuqala bahlela ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emisha nezindawo zokusebenza. Abanye bagcizelela ukuthunyelwa komphakathi; abanye basekela ukugcinwa kwezindawo zomphakathi kuyilapho abanye becindezela ukulondolozwa komphakathi ezisekelwe ezingenisweni kuyilapho abanye bekhetha izixazululo ezingokomphakathi. Abazokukhetha ukuphatha imicimbi ezindaweni eziyinhloko bafaka lezizinto eziyinhloko ezisehhovisi, lapho benza izinqumo ezithi ziphinde zisetshenziswe ngokoqobo indawo yomphakathi.

Izimiso zokuphepha zomphakathi zithonywe ngokufanayo yimiphumela eyinhloko yokukhetha. Izinqumo ngokuvamile ziveza imibono encintisanayo yokugcinwa komthetho, ukuguqulwa komthetho womthetho, izinkonzo zezezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nezindlela zokuphepha zomphakathi. Abavoti abayinhloko bakhetha ngokuphumelelayo phakathi kwezinqubo ezigcizelela ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa ngokwesiko nomphakathi, phakathi kwezimiso zomthetho zomthetho zokujezisa ngokuqondisa nokulungisa, phakathi kwezimali zomphakathi ezikhungenwe kakhulu kanye nokushintshelwa kwemithombo yemali yezenhlalakahle yangempela ezinkonzweni zomphakathi. Lokhu kukhetha kunezimiphumela ephawulekayo yokuphepha komphakathi, izingalo ezihlobana namaphoyisa, izinganiso zokubulala, kanye nokuhlangenwe yizakhamuzi ezisebenzelana nezimiso zobulungisa zobulungisa.

Izimpikiswano zendawo ezungezile neyokulondoloza imvelo ziqokomisa kakhulu okhethweni oluyinhloko kuzo zonke izilinganiso zikahulumeni. Amakhansi azihlukanisayo ekushintsheni isimo sezulu, ekuthuthukiseni amandla, izimiso zokulondolozwa kwemvelo, ukulawulwa kwamanzi, nemithetho yendawo ezungezile. Emiphakathini eminingi, okhetho oluyinhloko lunquma ukuthi uhulumeni wendawo iyomisa izinyathelo ezizosekela indawo, ukuthi izimiso zendawo ezingoko nendawo ziyophoqelelwa kangakanani, nokuthi iziphi izinqubo zesimo sezulu eziyozifeza ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthatheleni izinqumo ezingokomfakela.

Intuthuko yezomnotho nentela kumelela enye indawo lapho okhetho oluyinhloko lunemiphumela ehlala njalo khona emphakathini. Ngokuvamile kunezinqubo ezihlukene zokukhanga amabhizinisi, ukusekela ukuthuthuka kwemisebenzi yendawo, izisusa zentela, nenzuzo yemali. Abanqobi bemincintiswano eyinhloko bayaqhubeka benza izinqumo ngamazinga entela, ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho, izisusa zezentengiselwano, ukusekela izinhlelo ezincane, nokuqeqesha izisebenzi ezithuthukisa amathuba ezomnotho nempumelelo yendawo.

Inselele Yokwehla Kweqembu Elihamba Kancane

Enye yezinselele ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibhekene nesimiso sokhetho oluyinhloko ihholo eliphansi ngokuqhubekayo. Nakuba ukuhlanganyela kokhetho oluvamile kuye kwathuthuka emijikelezweni yamuva, ukuthatha isikhala esiyinhloko ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-30 abavoti ababhalisiwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuphonsa entsheni ngenxa yendawo nangaphandle kwezindawo ezithathelwa phambili. Lelinani eliphansi lokuhlanganyela lisho ukuthi isilinganiso esincane, ngokuvamile esingakholeki esingaphansi kwethonya elingenakulinganiswa phezu kokukhetha komvota futhi, ngokwengeziwe, imiphumela yokulawula.

Izici eziningi zinezela ekuncipheni kwezindawo eziphambili. Abavoti abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi amahhovisi aqala nini, ukuthi anjani, noma indlela isimiso esiyinhloko esisebenza ngayo esimweni sabo. Ubunkimbinkimbi nezinhlobonhlobo zemithetho eyinhloko ezindaweni ezingaphandle kudala ukudideka, abavoti abaqinisekayo ngokukwazi kwabo ukuhlanganyela noma indlela yokuhamba ngokuvala noma ngokuvala izimiso ezivulekile. Ukumiswa kwemithetho, okwenzeka njalo emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokhetho oluyinhloko, kwakha imingcele eyengeziwe yabavoti ababoshelwe kamuva emjikeni wokhetho.

Isikhathi sokhetho oluyinhloko sicindezela futhi ukuvela. Izindawo zokudla zasehlobo neziyinkathi yeholide, imisebenzi yokugcina isikole, nezinye izibopho zonyaka ezinciphisa ukutholakala kovoti. Iziteshi ezithatha iminyaka eminingi zamahhovisi kahulumeni nawasendaweni, ezibalelwa ngeminyaka engavamile lapho kungekho nokhetho lukahulumeni, zithola ukuqashelwa okuncane kakhulu kwemithombo yezindaba nomphakathi, okuphumela ikakhulukazi ekuthatheni iqhaza eliphansi.

Izimiso ezivalwe ziveza imingcele eyengeziwe yokuhlanganyela ngokukhipha abavoti abazimele nabangenazo izisulu, manje abakha ingxenye ephawulekayo nekhulayo yabavoti ezifundeni eziningi. Laba bavoti, abangase babe nesithakazelo esijulile ekulawuleni kodwa balahle ukuhlangana neqembu lezombangazwe, bazithola bevalelwe ngaphandle kwalokho ngokuvamile okuwukhetho oluhamba phambili esifundeni sabo. Lokhu kunenkinga ikakhulukazi emazweni avelele lapho umgcini wehhovisi enquma ngokuphumelelayo khona.

Izibalo eziyinhloko zenani labavoti zivame ukuba nezinga elikhulu, elimhlophe, elicebile, futhi libe likhulu kakhulu kune-elevotortate evamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanqobi abayinhloko bangakhethwa yisikhungo sovoti esingabonisi inani labantu noma izintando zomphakathi obanzi, okungaba nengxenye ekukhetheni abameleli nabasabelayo ezinhlotsheni ezigcwele zomphakathi ezidingayo nezinezimo zengqondo.

Indlela Yokwenza Izwi Lakho Lizwiwe Ngokukhetha Okuyinhloko

Ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo okhethweni oluyinhloko kudinga okungaphezu nje kokuvota, nakuba ukuphonsa ibhola kuyinyathelo lokuqala elibalulekile ngempela. Ukuthuthukisa ithonya lakho nokuqinisekisa izwi lakho kuzwakala enqubweni eyinhloko kuhilela izenzo namasu amaningana ayinhloko izakhamuzi ezibolekile ezingawasebenzisa.

Bhalisa ukuqamba futhi uqonde isimiso esiyinhloko sikahulumeni wakho

Isisekelo sokuthatha isinyathelo esiyinhloko ukubhalisa umvoti. Qiniseka ukuthi ubhaliswe ukuba uvote ngaphambi kokuba kuvele okhethweni abayinhloko, njengoba amazwe amaningi ebeka imingcele eqinisekisiwe emasontweni noma ngisho nasezinyangeni ezithile ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho. Uma uhlala esimweni esiyinhloko esivaliwe futhi ufuna ukuhlanganyela kwesengxenyeni eyinhloko, kumelwe ubhalise kulowomcimbi ngenkathi emisiwe, okungase kube sobala ukuthi uqala ngaphambi kokuba ukhethwe ngokwawo.

Zinike isikhathi sokuqonda ukuthi iziteshi eziphezulu zisebenza kanjani esifundazweni sakho. Hlola ukuthi isifundazwe sakho sisebenzisa izinhlangano zolwazi ezivalekile, ezivulekile, noma ezivalekile, ukuthi ziyini izimfuneko zokubhalisa, lapho kuhlelwa, nokuthi yimaphi amahhovisi ayakuba ku-collet. i-website yehhovisi lakho noma yesifunda esikhethayo inikeza lokhu kwaziswa, njengoba kwenza izinhlangano zolwazi ezingavoti njengo [[FLT: 0] i-League of Women Voters[FLT] kanye noVote.org.

Ukucwaninga Kuwachaza Ngokucophelela

Okhetho oluyinhloko luvame ukuveza izinqumo eziningi ezihlangene neqembu kodwa izizinda ezingafani, izinto eziza kuqala, namafilosofi abusayo. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabazobhapathizwa kudinga ukucwaninga ngalé kwezimpawu zeqembu. Qala ngamawebhusayithi okuhlola, adweba izikhundla zezimiso zesimiso, ulwazi lomlando, kanye nezinto eziza kuqala zomkhankaso. Bheka iziphakamiso ezicaciwe ezicacile, kunokubheka iziphakamiso ezingacacile, futhi ucabangele ukuthi izinto eziza kuqala zabazo zihambisana yini nezindinganiso zomphakathi wakho nezidingo zomphakathi wakho.

Funa amaphepha emibuzo kanye nabaqondisi abavoti abakhishwe yizinhlangano ezingathathi hlangothi, amaphephandaba endawo, kanye nezincwadi ezigunyaziwe. Le mithombo ivame ukuveza izikhundla zabazohlolwa ezindabeni eziyinhloko ngendlela elula yokuqhathanisa. Qaphela ukusekela ezinhlanganweni nabantu abahlulele ukuthi uthemba, kodwa futhi qaphela ukuthi ukusekela kubonakalisa izinto eziza kuqala kumsekeli, ezingase zingavumelani kahle nezakho.

Amazimo obuchwepheshe abahlolwa, inkonzo yomphakathi yangaphambili, namarekhodi erekhodi uma bekhona ngaphambili. Imisebenzi yangaphambili ivame ukubikezela ukuziphatha kwesikhathi esizayo, amavoti angaphambili, izinyathelo ezimisiwe, kanye nomholi ezindabeni kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ukuthi bangabusa kanjani uma bekhethwa.

Ungayishalazeli imibiko yezindaba yendawo yezinhlanga eziyinhloko. Nakuba izindaba zezombangazwe zezwe zigcwele izikhangiso eziningi, amaphephandaba endawo, iziteshi zomsakazo, kanye nezingosi zezindaba ze-inthanethi ye-inthanethi ngokuvamile zinikeza ukuhlanganiswa okuningiliziwe kwemincintiswano engokwezwe, kuhlanganise nokuhlola izizinda zabazomkhankaso, ukunqanda iqiniso izikhankaso zomkhankaso, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimiso.

Ukuba Khona Kwezinkundla Zomphakathi Nezenzakalo Zomphakathi

Ukuthembisana ngokuqondile nabazohlolwa kunikeza ukuqonda okungafanelani nezindlela zokucwaninga ze-inthanethi. Ama-mosfera, amahholo edolobha, nezinkulumo zokuzwa abazobhapathizwa bekhuluma ngezikhundla zabo, bephendula imibuzo, futhi besebenzelana nabantu. Lezi zenzakalo azivezi nje ukuthi abazohlolwa bacabangani ngezindaba kodwa ukuthi bacabanga kanjani. /ukukhuluma kwabo ngendlela efana neyabo yokuxhumana, ukushukuma kwemizwelo ngaphansi kokucindezela, nekhono lokuhlanganyela ngenhlonipho nemibono ephikisanayo.

Lungisa imibuzo enengqondo ngezindaba ezibalulekile kuwe nasemphakathini wakho. Unganqikazi ukubuza imininingwane eqondile ngokuthi abazofuna ukuhlohlwa bangazisingatha kanjani izinkinga ezithile noma basebenzise izihlongozo zabo. Izithembiso ze-Vague zilula; amasu aqinisekile aveza ukuthi abazobhapathizwa baye baxabana ngokungathi sína yini nobunzima bokulawula.

Imicimbi yomphakathi inikeza amathuba okuhlangana nabanye abavoti abathembisiwe, ukuxoxa ngabavoti, ukuxoxa ngezindaba, nokuthuthukisa ukuqonda okuqonda kahle kwezinto eziza kuqala emphakathini kanye nezikhathazayo. Lezingxoxo zingabekela inselele imibono yakho, ziveze imibono obungakaze uyicabangele, futhi zikusize ukuba wenze izinqumo zokuvota ezibonisa ulwazi.

Ukuhlanganyela Ngaphandle Kokuhalalisa

Nakuba kubalulekile ukufaka ibhola lokuvota, izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuthuthukisa ithonya lazo okhethweni oluyinhloko zingahlanganyela ezindleleni ezengeziwe. Zivolontiya abaminyantiswayo abamikhankaso yabo ivumelana nezindinganiso zakho nezinto eziza kuqala. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zenkampane zishaya ucingo, zingqongqoze eminyango, zithumele imibhalo, izenzakalo zezisebenzi, futhi zenze eminye imisebenzi eminingi esiza abazovotayo ukuba bafinyelele futhi basekele. Lomsebenzi wotshani unamandla ikakhulukazi okhetho oluyinhloko, lapho ukuvota okuphansi kusho ukuthi ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kungenza umehluko phakathi kokunqoba nokunqotshwa.

Cabangela ukwenza iminikelo ngokwezimali kwababezokusekela. Imikhankaso ephambili, ikakhulukazi yababekela inselele nabazothatha izivumelwano zezombangazwe, ngokuvamile bazama ukuphakamisa imali edingekayo ukuze bafinyelele abavoti ngokuphumelelayo. Ngisho neminikelo emincane ingaba nomehluko obalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma ingekho phakathi kwabasekeli abaningi. Uma ungakwazi ukunikela ngokwezimali, ungasiza ngokuxoxa ngemiyalezo yababezocela ukugada, uxoxe nabangane nomakhelwane ngokhetho, futhi ukhuthaze abanye ukuba bahlanganyele.

Ukuhlanganyela ngokuqondile nabazoxoxa ngezezokuxhumana, nge-imeyili, noma ngocingo emikhankasweni yabo. Hlanganisa izinto eziza kuqala, buza imibuzo, futhi unikeze impendulo ezikhundleni zabo nasezihlongozweni zabo. Abathathi-nxaxheba namaqembu abo banaka i-produceds, ikakhulukazi phakathi nemisebenzi yabangasese lapho besebenzela ukwakha imifelandawonye futhi bebonisa ukusabela ezimcindezelweni zabavoti.

Siza Abanye Bahlanganyele

Ukuthatha isinyathelo esiyinhloko kuqinisa idemokrasi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zikhethwa yi-votentiummast. Siza abangane, amalungu omkhaya, nomakhelwane ukuba bazi ukuthi kwenzekani lapho izigelekeqe ziqala khona, ukuthi zingabhalisa kanjani, nokuthi yini esengozini ekukhetheni. Zicelele ukuxoxa ngolwazi ngabazocela ukuvotelwa, ukuhambisa imishini yokuvota, noma ukusiza abantu ukuba baqondise inqubo yokubhalisa.

Uma unolwazi ngesimiso esiyinhloko kanye nabazobhapathizwa, cabangela ukubuthana ngokwethukela lapho amalungu omphakathi engaxoxa khona ngokhetho, axoxe ngako, futhi abuze imibuzo. Lezingxoxo zingayisusa inqubo eyinhloko futhi zikhuthaze ukuhlanganyela phakathi kwabantu abengase bathathele ukhetho.

Izithiyo Ezivamile Zokuhlanganyela Okuyinhloko Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Naphezu kokubaluleka kokhetho oluyinhloko, imingcele eminingi ivimbela izakhamuzi eziningi ukuba zihlanganyele.

Imali yokuqaphela imelela mhlawumbe isithiyo esikhulu. Abavoti abaningi abazi nje ukuthi amapulatimende aqala nini noma yimaphi amahhovisi e-collet. Balwa lokhu ngokusayina izikhumbuzo zokhetho ezivela ehhovisi lesifunda sokhetho lwesifunda sezwe sakho, ukulandela imithombo yezindaba yendawo ehlanganisa ukhetho, nokumisa izikhumbuzo zomuntu siqu ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyinhloko. Izinhlangano ezinjenge BALPPIDIA[ zinikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngokhetho lwezilinganiso oluzayo kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni.

Ukuhlanganiswa mayelana nokuvuleka nokubhaliswa kuvimbela abaningi abangase bavote. Uma ungaqiniseki ngesimo sakho sokubhalisa noma ukuzimisela ukuvota ngokuyinhloko, hlola ingosi yokuvota kahulumeni wakho noma xhumana nehhovisi lesifunda sokhetho. Amazwe amaningi manje anikeza ukubhalisa komvoti nge-inthanethi, ukwenza kube lula ukuqinisekisa isikhundla sakho nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho uma kudingekile.

Ukuhlela izimpi zovota kanye nokwaziswa kokuthola kuvimbela abanye abavoti ukuba bafinyelele izinqumo ngosuku oluyinhloko. Uma ungakwazi ukuvota kumuntu ngosuku lokhetho, hlola ukuvota nokukhetha kokungabikho kwakuqala. Amazwe amaningi manje anikeza amasonto okuvota ngaphambi kokhetho oluyinhloko, anikeza ukuvumelana nezibopho emsebenzini, umkhaya, noma ukuhamba. Ukuvota ngeposi kukuvumela ukuba ulahle ibhola lakho ekhaya, nakuba kumelwe ucele ibhola lovota ngaphambi kokukhetha okukhulu ezifundeni eziningi.

Ukuthola ukwaziswa ngalabo abazobhapathizwa kungashiya abavoti bezizwa bengakulungele ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Qala ukucwaninga kwakho kwasekuqaleni, usebenzisa imithombo eshiwo ngenhla. Uma ulwazi luyivelakancane emijahweni yendawo, cabangela ukuzama ukufinyelela ngokuqondile emikhankasweni yabazofundela, ukuya emihlanganweni kahulumeni yendawo lapho abazobhapathizwa bengase bakhulume khona, noma baxhumane nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezilandela izombangazwe zendawo.

Isho ukuthi ivoti yakho ayinandaba ukuthi ayithinti, kodwa le mibono iphambukile ikakhulukazi kukhetho oluyinhloko. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuvota kuphansi, ivoti ngayinye ithwala ubunzima obuphezulu kunasezinhlamvwini ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanga eziningi eziyinhloko zinqunywa ngemikhawulo emincane, okusho ukuthi amanani amancane abavoti abangeziwe angawushintsha ngokoqobo umphumela. Izindaba zakho, ikakhulukazi ezithathelwa phambili.

Ikusasa Lokukhetha Okuyinhloko Nemizamo Yenguquko

Ukuqonda le mizamo yokuguqula izinguquko kuyaqhubeka kushintsha njengoba amazwe ezama izinguquko eziklanyelwe ukwandisa ukuthatha isinyathelo, ukunciphisa imibuso ehlukene nokuthuthukisa ukubusa kwentando yeningi.

Ukuvota okunevoti eliphambili kuye kwathola ukukhishwa njengendlela yokukhetha ekwamukeleni ubuningi obungokwesiko. Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, abavoti bayaqhubeka bekhetha isigaba esithile ngokulandelana kwentando yabo kunokukhetha eyodwa kuphela. Uma kungekho mvoti wevoti yokuqala, umvoti ovotayo onamavoti ambalwa kakhulu uqediwe futhi amavoti wesibili akhishwa. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umvoti okhethayo efinyelela inani elikhulu. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi ukuvota okubekwa entweni kunciphisa umkhankaso wokuvota okuphambene nomthetho, bavumela abavoti abavoti abambalwa kakhulu ukuba basekele ukukhetha kwabo okuyiqiniso ngaphandle kokwesaba "ukuvota" kwabo", futhi baveze ngokusekela okukhulu. IMaine i-oce ithatha isikhundla sokuvota kwe-proto ye-provity ye-ptation ye-pries, futhi amadolobha amaningi asebenzisa isimiso sokhetho sendawo sendawo.

Izimiso eziyinhloko ezimbili nangaphezulu-mane zimelela enye indlela yokuguqula, zisusa ama-primes aqondene neqembu athanda enye evelele eveza bonke abazobhapathizwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayiphi iqembu. Lezizimiso zihlose ukunciphisa ukuhlukana ngokwehlukana ngokudala izisusa zokuba abazobele ekubhebhezeleni i-volution ebanzi kunokuba kube yisisekelo seqembu labo kuphela. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lezizimiso zingadida abavoti futhi ziphumele okhethweni oluvamile oluveza abavoti ababili abavela eqenjinini elifanayo, abavoti abambalwa.

Imizamo yokuvala izigebengu ezizimele kubavoti iye yathola amandla emazweni amaningana, ebonisa inani elandayo labavoti abangafuni ukuhlangana namalungu ayinhloko. Abameleli baphikisa ngokuthi ukungazifaki emaphandleni aqalayo ngokwezinga eliphansi akunademokrasi, ikakhulukazi uma izigebengu zilawulwa futhi zixhaswe ohulumeni kunayizinhlangano ezizimele. Abaphikisi baphikisa ukuthi amaqembu anezimo ezisemthethweni zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu awo akhetha amalungu eqembu lawo angempela kunokuba akhethele ngokomthetho izimiso zeqembu.

Ukubhaliswa komvoti ngosuku olufanayo kwezindawo eziphezulu kuye kwahlongozwa njengendlela yokwandisa ukuhlanganyela ngokususa imithetho ethatha isikhathi eyenzeka emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokhetho. Izizwe eziningi kakade zivumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo kokhetho oluvamile, futhi ukunyuselwa kwalendlela ekukhetheni kungandisa kakhulu ukhetho, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abasebasha nalabo abahlanganyela kamuva emjikelezweni wokhetho.

Imizamo eyinhloko yokulungisa igxile ekunciphiseni ithonya lezifunda ezisheshayo njenge-Iowa kanye ne-New Hampshire. Izindawo zihlanganisa ukujikeleza izifunda ezivota kuqala, ukwakha iziqalo zendawo lapho amazwe amaningi evota ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma ukumisa usuku oluyinhloko. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo neziphazamiso mayelana nokuphendulwa kwezindawo, imikhankaso yotshani, nokuqinisekisa izifunda ezihlukahlukene zinendima enengqondo enqubweni yokuvota.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Ukhetho Lwakho Oluyinhloko Luyahlanganyela Ekuhloleni

Ukuguqula ulwazi ngokhetho oluyinhloko ukuze lungene ngokuphumelelayo kudinga isenzo esiqinile. Sebenzisa lolu luhlu oluningi lokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungele ukwenza izwi lakho lizweke kukhetho oluyinhloko oluzayo:

  • qinisekisa isikhundla sakho sokubhalisa ngevoti futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ulwazi lwakho lukhona manje, kuhlanganise nekheli lakho kanye neqembu ojoyina kulo uma kudingeka ukuze uthathe ingxenye eyinhloko ezweni lakho
  • Izinsuku zokukhetha eziyinhloko ekhalendeni lakho kuzo zonke izivoti ezizayo, kuhlanganise nohulumeni, umbuso, kanye nezindawo eziyisipringi
  • Ngaphansi kwesimiso sombuso wakho esiyinhloko hlanganisa nokuthi ivuliwe, ivalekile, noma ivaliwe kancane, nokuthi imithetho iyini yokuhlanganyela
  • ukuhlola izinhlanga eziyinhloko ezizayo ngokuphawula ukuthi yimaphi amahhovisi ayoba khona ku-colot nokuthi obani abazolandela abazolandela
  • Ukwaziswa okungahlolwa kuhlanganisa amawebhusayithi, izikhundla zesimiso, izizinda, izisekelo zokugunyaza, kanye nokufinyeza kwezokuxhumana
  • Athena noma okungenani oyedwa ozothatha i-folum noma ihholo ledolobha ukuzwa ngokuqondile kubazohlolwa nokubuza imibuzo ngezindaba ezibalulekile kuwe
  • Isho ukhetho kubangane, umkhaya, nomakhelwane [ ukuze ihlanganyele ulwazi nombono
  • Cela ukuzimisela noma ukunikela kubazohlolwa abamikhankaso ehambisana nezindinganiso zakho
  • Yenza uhlelo lokuvota kuhlanganise nokuthi uzovota kusenesikhathi, ngeposi, noma ngosuku lokhetho, nokuthi uzoya nini ezindaweni zokuhlola
  • Siza abanye ukuba bahlanganyele [ ngokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa mayelana nento eyinhloko, ukusiza abantu ukuba babhalise ukuvota, noma ukulungiselela izinto zokuhamba ukuya ezindaweni zokuhlola
  • Ulandela ngokufaka ibhola lakho le-collet kunoma yiluphi ukhetho oluyinhloko olufanelekelayo
  • Uhlala uthembisene ngemva kwento eyinhloko ngokusekela abanqobi, ukubanika umthwalo wemfanelo, nokuqhubeka nokuhlanganyela enqubweni yentando yeningi

Imiphumela Ewumshayabhuqe Yokuhlanganyela Okuyisisekelo

Ithonya lokuhlanganyela kokhetho oluyinhloko lidlulela ngalé komphumela osheshayo wanoma yiluphi uhlanga. Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngentshiseko ekungeniseni iziqu, zithumela izimpawu ezinamandla kwabazohlolwa, izikhundla, nezinye izikhulu ezikhethiwe ngokuphathelene nokuthi yiziphi izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi iziphi izindlela zokubusa ezizodingeka, futhi yiliphi izinga lokulandisa okuzodingeka. Lokhu kugadla kuveza imiphumela ethonya ukuziphatha kwezombangazwe nenqubo ngezindlela eziningi.

Abazuza izikhundla zokuncintisana ngokuzuza inzuzo enamandla yokuziguqula bangenele okhethweni oluvamile. Bangagunyaza ngokungenakukhomba ukuba bagunyazwe abavoti futhi babonise amandla enhlangano nokusekela kotshani. Lesi sisekelo sibenza ababhikishi abaphumelela ngokwengeziwe futhi, uma bekhethwa, abaholi abaqiniseka ngokwengeziwe nabanekhono abaqonda ukuthi basekelwa ngempela yizinto eziza kuqala kubo.

Isikhulu esiphambili sinciphisa ithonya lamazwi adlulele kanye nezithakazelo ezikhethekile. Uma imifelandawonye ebanzi, ehlukeneyo yabavoti ihlanganyela ezingeni eliphansi, abavoti kumelwe banxuse imibono eminingi kunokuba basekele amaqembu amaningi azinikele noma ahlelwe kahle ngokwemibono. Lokhu kungaveza abameleli abasabela kakhulu emphakathini ogcwele kunamaqembu angenasithakazelo.

Ukuthatha isinyathelo okuyinhloko kwakha isikhundla somphakathi nolwazi lwezombangazwe oluzuzisa idemokrasi ngaphezu kwanoma yiluphi ukhetho. Abaholi abahlanganyela ekungeni ezingeni eliphansi bathuthukisa ukuqonda okujule kakhulu kwezindaba, abafuna ukubhapathizwa, nenqubo yezombangazwe. Bakha izinhlanganisela nezinye izakhamuzi ezithembisene, bafunde indlela yokuhlola izihlongozo zezezempi, futhi bahlakulele imikhuba yokuhlanganyela eqhubekela phambili okhethweni lwesikhathi esizayo nezinye izinhlobo zokuzibopha komphakathi.

Izinhlangano ezihlanganyela kakhulu eziyinhloko zithambekele ekulawuleni okusheshayo nokunomthwalo wemfanelo. Lapho izikhulu eziboshiwe zazi ukuthi abavoti ababoshelwe balalela futhi bazimisele ukusekela abaphikisi abayinhloko uma behluleka ukunikeza, zinezisusa ezinamandla zokuhlala behlangene nezinhlangano, izidingo zomphakathi eziphambili, futhi zibusa ngokuphumelelayo. Usongo lwenselele eyinhloko (") enziwa i-votatetting [“izisebenzi eziboshelwe ukulandisa okubalulekile) kwentando yeningi yaseMelika.

Isiphetho: Ukuthi Unamandla Alawula Intando Yakho

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lumelela ithuba elibalulekile kodwa elingangenisiwe elingenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukubumba imiphumela yokubusa futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi amazwi azo azwakala enqubweni yentando yeningi. Nakuba ukhetho oluvamile luthatha ukunakekela okukhulu nokuhlanganyela, iziqalo ngokuvamile ziveza izimpawu ezilandelayo ekunqumeni ukuthi ubani ophethe isikhundla naziphi izimiso eziziphishekelayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokubusa nokuhlelwa kwendawo, lapho izigodi eziningi ezikhethayo zibuswa khona iqembu elilodwa futhi eziyinhloko zinquma kahle umgcini wesikhundla.

Ukukhetha okuphansi okuphawula okhetho oluyinhloko lusho ukuthi izakhamuzi eziboshelwe ukuthatha ithonya elingalinganiseki ekukhetheni umfundaze futhi, ngokwengeziwe, imiphumela yokubusa. Lokhu kudala kokubili ithuba nomthwalo wemfanelo. Ithuba lokundisa amandla akho entando yeningi ngokuhlanganyela kokhetho lapho uvota uthwele ubunzima obungavamile. Umthwalo uwukusebenzisa lawomandla ngokucabangela, ngokuhlola ngokucophelela, ngokuthembisana ngobuqotho nabazocela kanye nezimpikiswano, nangokucabangela lokho okungcono kakhulu emphakathini wakho.

Ukuhlanganyela okuphumelelayo kudinga okungaphezu nje kokubonisa ukuvota, nakuba ukuvota ibhola kubaluleke ngempela. Kuhilela ukuqonda indlela isimiso esiyinhloko esisebenza ngayo esizweni sakho, ukucwaninga ngokucophelela, ukuya ezinkonzweni zomphakathi, ukuhlanganyela emikhankasweni, nokusiza abanye ukuba bahlanganyele. Kusho ukubheka ngalé kwezimpawu zeqembu ukuze kuhlolwe izikhundla eziqondile zabazohlolwa, izizinda, namafilosofi. Kudinga ukucabangisisa ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wakini futhi yiziphi abazo abazothatha isigaba esingcono kakhulu sokubhekana nalezo zinto eziza kuqala.

Izinselele ezibhekene nemiphakathi eMelika − kusukela emfundweni nasezisekelweni kuya ekulondekeni komphakathi nasemthonjeni wezomnotho, kuzakuxoxwa abaholi abakhethwe ngenqubo eyinhloko yokukhetha. Imfanelo yalabo baholi, ukusabela kwabo ezidingweni zomphakathi, nokuphumelela kwabo emsebenzini kuxhomeke kakhulu ekukhetheni ukuthi obani abahlanganyela ekukhetheni. Lapho izakhamuzi ezinolwazi, zihlanganyela ngentshiseko okhethweni oluyinhloko, imisebenzi yentando yeningi, ukuthuthukisa, kanye nenzuzo yemiphakathi.

Izwi lakho linendaba kakhulu okhethweni oluyinhloko ngokunokwenzeka ngaphezu kwanoma isiphi esinye isici senqubo yentando yeningi. Umbuzo uwukuthi uzoyisebenzisa yini. Ukhetho olulandelayo oluyinhloko emphakathini wakini luyithuba lokuthonya ukuthi ubani ozokumelela, yiziphi izimiso ezizoziphishekela, nokuthi umphakathi wakho ungazisingatha kanjani izinselele zawo ezicindezela kakhulu. Ngokuqonda inqubo eyinhloko, abafundayo, abahlanganyela ngenkuthalo, futhi bakhuthaze abanye ukuba benze okufanayo, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abaholi abakhethwe ngezindlu eziphezulu bamelela ngempela izindinganiso zomphakathi wakho, izinto eziza kuqala, nezifiso. I-democraficism isebenza kangcono uma izakhamuzi zihileleke ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izinqubo zayo, futhi nokhetho abayinhloko kulapho ukubophana kungaba nethonya elikhulu.