Isisekelo Semigwaqo Ephephile: Ukuqonda Imithetho Yezimoto

Nsuku zonke, izigidi zabantu zihlanganyela imikhondo yezindlela(imifula, abagibeli bamabhayisikili, abahamba ngezinyawo, nabahamba ngemoto. Umdanso oyinkimbinkimbi wezimoto nabantu abahamba ngokusondelana uxhomeke ekwakheni imithetho ehlanganyelweyo: imithetho yezimoto. Lemithetho ayiyona imithetho eboshiwe; ingumkhiqizo wokucwaninga okuphephile, ulwazi lobunjiniyela, nokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kwezwe. Ukuqonda imithetho yezimoto nokuphepha komgwaqo akukona nje ukugwema amathikithi; ingendlela yokusindisa ukuphila. Lesi sihloko sinikeza iziqondiso eziyinhloko zomthetho wezimoto, ukugqekeza, izindlela zokushayela, izindlela zokuvikela, nendlela imfundo nezobuchwepheshe okulungisa ikusasa lokuphepha komgwaqo.

Indima Ebucayi Yemithetho Yezimoto Emphakathini Wanamuhla

Imithetho yezimoto isebenza njengesivumelwano somphakathi sokusebenzisa umgwaqo. Iveza izindlela zokuziphatha ezizinqumelayo ezinciphisa ukungaqiniseki nezingxabano. Ngaphandle kwale mithetho, isiyaluyalu singaba khona `Izikhawu ezingqubuzanayo, ijubane lingaba elingekho, futhi abantu abahamba ngezinyawo bebengeke bakwazi ukuwela ngendlela ephephile. Izizathu eziyinhloko zemithetho yezimoto zihlanganisa:

  • Ukunciphisa izingozi nokuvimbela ukulimala:[ imithetho ehleliwe inciphisa ithuba lokuxhumana kabi phakathi kwabasebenzisi bomgwaqo.
  • Ukuhamba okuhlelekile kwezimoto: Imithetho elawula indlela yomgwaqo osetshenziswa ngayo, ukudlula, nokuphawula izimoto iqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto zihamba kahle.
  • [ Imithetho enikeza ukwelashwa okulinganayo: isebenza kubo bonke abashayeli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiphi isimo, yenza indawo yokudlala.
  • [ Ukuveza ukucela usizo olungokomthetho:[ [Lapho kuvela izingozi, imithetho yomgwaqo inikeza uhlelo lokunquma iphutha necala.

Ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezifana ne- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) bafunda njalo ukwaziswa okuphahlazekile ukuze bacwengisise lemithetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusungulwa kwamakhamera abomvu ezindaweni eziphezulu ezihamba-listol kuboniswe ukunciphisa ukuphahla olubulalayo ngamaphesenti angama-21, ngokokuhlola okukhonjiwe yi-Ismunisturs Institute for Highway Safety (]IIHS[[FLT]]]). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imithetho yomgwaqo inamandla futhi iguqula izinselele ezintsha zokuphepha.

Isimiso Esiyinhloko Sezimoto Kumelwe Sazi Yonke Imithetho Yomgwaqo

Ijubane Elilinganiselwe: Akuwona Nje Amanani

Ijubane alisikiselwa; libalelwa ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe ekuklanyweni komgwaqo, ukuma kwezimoto, nendawo ezungezile. Ukulinganisela ijubane kunciphisa isikhathi sokusabela futhi kwandisa ibanga lokumisa. Ngokwesibonelo, imoto ehamba nge-40 mph idinga ukuphinda cishe kabili ibanga lokuma uma umuntu ehamba nge-mph engu-30. Isihluthulelo sokukhumbula:

  • Ngaso sonke isikhathi lalela isilinganiso sesivinini esibekwe lapho, esingase sihlukahluke ngohlobo lomgwaqo (ongaphakathi, indawo yokuhlala, indawo yesikole).
  • Nciphisa ijubane ezimweni ezimbi njengemvula, iqhwa, inkungu, noma izimoto ezisindayo — ngisho noma izinga lokuhamba liphakeme.
  • Qaphela ijubane elinamandla elilinganiselwe ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye; ngokuvamile amasheya aphindeka kabili ezindaweni zomsebenzi.

Ezindaweni eziningi, isilinganiso sesivinini ezindaweni zokuhlala sibekwe nge 25 mph noma ngaphansi ukuze kuvikelwe izingane nabahamba ngezinyawo. INhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo iphawula ukuthi ingozi yokufa kwabantu inyukela kakhulu ngesivinini esingaphezu kwe-30 kph (cishe i-mph engu-18). Ukulondoloza ijubane elifanele kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela ukushayisana okubulalayo.

Izimpawu Zezimoto, Izimpawu, Nemithetho Yakwesokudla

Izimpawu zezimoto nezimpawu zomgwaqo kuyindlela yomgwaqo. Ukungaziqondi kuyimbangela ephambili yokushayisana kwemigwaqo. Imithetho ebalulekile ihlanganisa:

  • Izibani zomgwaqo ezivundile: Ubomvu kusho ukuma, uluhlaza okotshani kusho ukuqhubekeka kuphela uma kuphephile, futhi okuphuzi kuxwayisa ukuthi ukukhanya sekuzoshintsha/ukuzoshintsha/_akusheshi ukudlula kuyo.
  • Iqondiswe kubantu abahamba ngezinyawo: Emigwaqweni (ephawulwe noma engaphawuliwe), abashayeli kumelwe banikeze abahamba ngezinyawo indlela engaphambili. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kuwukwephula okuvamile okunemiphumela engathi sína.
  • Ngaphansi kwezigaba zezimpawu: Izimpawu zeRegatori (ukuyeka, ukukhipha, ukujika) kumelwe zilandelwe; izimpawu ezixwayisayo (ukuwela phambili, ukuwela izinyamazane) zidinga ukuqapha; izimpawu eziqondisayo (iziphawuli ze-route, amabanga) zinikeza ukwaziswa.
  • ukuya ngakwesokudla endleleni enqamule izimpambano: Uma izimoto ezimbili zifika emphambanweni wemigwaqo engalawuleki ngesikhathi esisodwa, imoto engakwesokudla ngokuvamile inendlela ekwesokudla. Nokho, njalo yenza ngokuqapha.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imithetho yendlela yakwesokudla ingahluka kancane ngokwezwe noma izwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izindawo, umcibisholo ophuzi ocwebezelayo uvumela ukujika kodwa ngemva kokuba uvumele umgwaqo ozayo. Njalo hlola incwadi yomshayeli yasendaweni yakho noma iwebhusayithi ye-DMV ukuze uthole isiqondiso esiqonde sendaweni.

Ibhande Eliyisivikelo Ne - gear: Izinto Ezingalawuleki

Ukusebenza kwamabhande esihlalo kubhalwe kabanzi: I-NHTSA ibika ukuthi amabhande esihlalo anciphisa ingozi yokulimala okubulalayo kubagibeli abaphambili abadla ukudla ngamaphesenti angu-45. Naphezu kwalokhu, abanye abashayeli nabagibeli basayeka ukubhaxabha. Imithetho engundoqo yokuphepha:

  • [[INTLOBO:0] njalo ufaka ibhande lesihlalo [1] `esihlalo ngasinye semoto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushayela noma ugibele.
  • Abantwana kumelwe basebenzise izivikelo ezifanele: izihlalo zemoto, izihlalo ezishukumayo, namabhande esihlalo asekelwe ebudalani, ubude, nobukhulu. Izimo eziningi zinemithetho eqondile enobude obufunekayo.
  • Abagibeli bemoto nabaqondisi bezithuthuthu: i-helmethis ifuneka ngokomthetho ezindaweni eziningi futhi inciphisa ingozi yokulimala ekhanda ngamaphesenti angu-69 kubagibeli bezithuthuthu. Izingubo eziqhamile nababengi bokukhanya nazo ziyatuswa kakhulu.

Ukuphazanyiswa Kwezimoto Okuvamile Nemiphumela Yakho

Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ewukwephulwa komgwaqo kuyabasiza abashayeli ukuba bagweme izingozi, amaface, nezinkinga ezingokomthetho.

  • Ukunciphisa isibani esibomvu noma umise uphawu: Lokhu kubangela ukushayisana kwe T-bone okungabaliki. Amakhamera nesijeziso esikhulisiwe zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukunqanda lomkhuba.
  • Ukugijima: Ukuqeda isilinganiso ngesilinganiso se 10 meph kungaphinda-phinda amandla ekuphahlazekeni. Ukushesha kwakuyisici esingamaphesenti angu-26 kuzo zonke izifo zezimoto ngo-2020, ngokwemininingwane ye-NHTA.
  • Inciphiso ngaphansi kwethonya (DUI): Utshwala nezidakamizwa kukhubaza ukwahlulela, isikhathi sokusabela, nokubambisana. Isilinganiso esingokomthetho sotshwala obuyi-alkhoholi (BAC) singu 0,08 ngamaphesenti ezifundazweni eziningi zase-U.S., kodwa ngisho nangaphansi kwabashayeli bezentengiselwano kanye nabantwana. Izinkolelo zinezijeziso ezinzima, kuhlanganise nelayisense, izinkokhelo ezinkulu, nesikhathi sejele.
  • Ukushayela ngokuhanjwa: Ukusebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini, ukudla, noma ukulungisa umsakazo ngenkathi ushayela kuyimbangela ephambili yengozi. Ukuthumela imiyalezo kuyingozi kakhulu, noma ukufunda umbhalo kususa amehlo akho emgwaqweni ngesilinganiso semizuzwana emihlanu, elingana nokushayela ubude benkundla yebhola eliphuphuthekile.
  • Ithuba lokuvumela abantu abahamba ngezinyawo: Lokhu kungokunye kokwephulwa okuvame kakhulu kwabahamba ngezinyawo, okuvame ukuphumela ekulimaleni okubi kakhulu.

Izifunda eziningi manje ziphoqelela amaphuzu okunqanda ukuphulwa. Ukunqwabelana kwamaphuzu amaningi kungaholela ekugunyazisweni kwemithetho yokuvimbela imoto noma izifundo zokuthuthukisa umshayeli eziphoqelelwe. Izaphula-mthetho eziphindaphindwayo zingabhekana nezikhokhelo zomshuwalense noma ngisho nokungathuthwa kwemoto.

Amacebiso Okuphepha Emigwaqo Kwabashayeli, Abashayeli, Nabahlaseli Be - Cyclist

Ngaphandle kokwazi umthetho, kubalulekile ukuba nemikhuba yokuzigcina uphephile. Nakhu amacebiso akhulisiwe kubantu abasebenzisa umgwaqo abahlukahlukene:

Abashayeli

  • Hlala uphapheme futhi ugweme iziphazamiso: faka ucingo lwakho, misa i-GPS yakho ngaphambi kokushayela, futhi ugweme ukudla noma ukwenza izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Sebenzisa izimiso zezandla ezikhululekile uma kudingekile, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ngisho nezingxoxo ezingangeni izandla zingaphazamisa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Gcina ibanga eliphephile elilandelayo: Umthetho wesine unciphe; ukwanda kube imizuzwana emine noma emihlanu emvuleni noma ngesivinini esiphakeme. Lokhu kukunika isikhathi esanele sokusabela emayezeni asheshayo.
  • Sebenzisa izimpawu zokushintsha njalo: isibonakaliso cishe ngamamitha ayikhulu ngaphambi kokujika noma ukushintsha kwemizila. Lokhu kudlulisela izinhloso zakho kwabanye abasebenzisa umgwaqo futhi kuvimbele ukushayisana.
  • Qonda izibuko namachashaza ayizimpumputhe: Ngaphambi kokuba noma imuphi umzila ushintshe noma ujike, bheka emahlombe akho. Amabala angaboni makhulu ezimotweni ezinezinsika eziwugqi noma izindawo ezinkulu ezithwala impahla.
  • Qaphela esimweni sezulu esibi: Nciphisa isivinini, jika izibani zekhanda (izinsika ezingezansi enkungwini), futhi yandisa ibanga elilandelayo. Gwema ukusebenzisa isivinini emigwaqweni emanzi noma ebandayo.
  • Ukukhathala: Ukushayela ngokukhathala kuyingozi njengokushayela udakiwe. Thatha ikhefu njalo emahoreni amabili noma ayikhulu ohambweni olude.

Kubantu Abafuna Ukubhekana Nezimo

  • Sebenzisa ama-astross nama-parce: Ungayi jaykm. Ngisho noma kungekho mgwaqo ozayo, ukuwela ezindaweni ezimisiwe kuphephile futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ngokomthetho.
  • [[I] kuthintana nomshayeli emehlweni: Ngaphambi kokungena emkhunjini, qinisekisa abashayeli ukuthi bayakubona. Ungalokothi uthathe umshayeli ume.
  • Landela izimpawu zabahamba ngezinyawo: linda uphawu oluthi "hamba" futhi ungaqali ukuwela lapho kubalwa phansi noma isandla esidanyazayo sivela.
  • Izingubo ezibonakalayo ebusuku: igiyeri elibengezekayo, izibani, noma imibala egqamile yenza ubonakale uqhele kakhulu.
  • Phuma iziphazamiso: Ungasebenzisi ucingo lwakho noma ugqoke amaheadphone lapho uwela imigwaqo. Udinga ukuzwa izimoto ezisondelayo noma izimpawu.

Kubantu Abasebenzisa I - Cyclory Nabagibeli Bezimoto

  • Umphetho wesigqoko: Uyindlela eyodwa ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ukulimala kwekhanda ekuphahlazekeni.
  • ulandela imithetho efanayo neyabashayeli: Lalela izimpawu zomgwaqo, izimpawu, izimpawu zomgwaqo, nesivinini esilinganiselwe. Sebenzisa izimpawu zezandla lapho ujika.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuzivikela:[ Abashayeli abangase bangaboni. Zibeke lapho ubonakala khona ezibukweni, futhi ugweme ukugibela emabukweni angaboni.
  • Sebenzisa izibani nezibani: ebusuku, isibani esimhlophe sangaphambili nokukhanya okubomvu kwangemuva kuyadingeka ezindaweni eziningi. Izibani ezisezinsikeni nasemasondo zikhulisa ukubonakala emaceleni.

Indima Yemfundo Ekuphepheni Endleleni

Imfundo iyisici esiyinhloko sentuthuko yokuphepha emgwaqweni wesikhathi eside. Izinhlelo zokufundisa zomshayeli ezisemthethweni azifundisi nje kuphela omakhenikha bemoto kodwa namakhono abalulekile okucabanga adingekayo ukuze kulindelwe izingozi. Nokho, imfundo kumelwe idlulele ngalé kwekilasi:

  • Izifundo zomshuwalense: Lezinhlelo ezihleliwe zihlanganisa imithetho yomgwaqo, ukuzivikela amasu okushayela, kanye nokuqapha ngengozi. Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zinikeza intethelelo yokuqeda izifundo ezivunyelweyo.
  • Izindlela zokuhamba ezisekelwe esikoleni: izikhungo zokusebenza eziphepheni ezihamba ngezinyawo zezingane, ibhayisekili, kanye nemikhankaso yokushayela ephazamisekile noma ekhubazekileyo mayelana nokusiza ekulondekeni kwemikhuba.
  • Izimemezelo zenkonzo ze-Pubilic: Imikhankaso ephakeme-esemthethweni, njengaleyo evela ku-' NTSTA's "UMbhalo. U-Pake.", iboniswe ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi uma kuhlangene nomthetho.
  • [[[I-FLT:0] Izinhlelo eziqabulayo:[ Abashayeli abadala bangazuza ezifundweni ezithintana noshintsho oluhlobene nobukhulu besikhathi sokubona, isikhathi sokusabela, kanye nemiphumela yemithi.

Ukucwaninga ngemfundo ebanzi kungawanciphisa kakhulu amazinga okuphahlazeka. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi izimiso zokuphothula umshayeli ezihlanganisa imfundo ephoqelelwe namahora okushayela aqondiswayo, ziye zanciphisa amazinga enhlekelele entsheni ngamaphesenti angu - 20 kuya kwangu - 40 emikhakheni eminingi.

Ukushayela Ngokungathuthukisi: Imithetho, Izingozi, Nendlela Yokuvimbela

Ukushayela ngaphansi kwethonya lotshwala noma izidakamizwa kuseyizimbangela zokufa kwezimoto ezingagwemeka kakhulu. E-United States, cishe abantu abangu-30 bayafa usuku ngalunye ezingozini ezihlobene notshwala. Umthetho uqinile:

  • Imithetho e-se-: Kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingama-50, i-BAC engamaphesenti angu-0,08 noma ngaphezulu ayivunyelwe ngokomthetho kubashayeli 21 nangaphezulu. Kubashayeli bezentengiselwano, isilinganiso singamaphesenti angu 0,04; kubashayeli abangaphansi kwesigaba, izifunda eziningi zinemithetho evumela amaphesenti angu-0.02.2
  • Ukushayela okungatholakali: Marijuana, opioid, kanye nemithi yokwelapha kungaphazamisa ukushayela. Izifunda eziningi ziye zathatha imithetho eyenza ukuba kungabi semthethweni ukushayela ngesilinganiso esithile semithi ethile, noma ngokufakwa okukhethekile kwegazi.
  • Ikhonsothi: Ukuqiniseka kokuqala kwe-DUI kungaphumela ekuhlawulweni kwemali engu-R1,000 (R1,50), ukukhishwa kwemvume kuze kube unyaka, amakilasi emfundo yotshwala agunyaziwe, nesikhathi sejele esingase sibe khona. Ukuphinda amacala kunezijeziso eziqinile, kuhlanganise nezikhokhelo zemoto.

Amasu okuvimbela ahlanganisa izinhlelo ezimisiwe zomshayeli, izinkonzo zokuhamba ngemoto, kanye nemishini ebotshelelwe (IID) edingekayo kwizaphula-mthetho eziboshiwe. Izinhlangano futhi zikhuthaza ukuxilonga okungalawuleki, okusekelwa yi-CDC njengendlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukuphunyuka.

Ubuchwepheshe Nekusasa Lomthetho Wezimoto

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ishintsha indlela imithetho yezimoto ephoqelelwa ngayo nendlela abashayeli abasebenzelana ngayo nezimoto zabo.

  • Imithetho esemthethweni ezenzekelayo: Amakhamera abomvu, amakhamera esivinini, kanye namakhamera okuphula amanani amanani ayanda kakhulu. Nakuba kuphikiswa, ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi anciphisa ukuphuka nokuphahlazeka lapho ebekwe kahle.
  • Izimiso zomshayeli-mthola-mdlandla ezithuthukile (ADAS): Izici ezizivelelayo ezinjengokushaya ibhuleki, izixwayiso zokuhamba kwemigwaqo, kanye nokulawula imikhumbi ezihambelanayo kusiza abashayeli ukuba bagweme ukwephulwa nokwehla kwezingozi. Ezinye izinkampani zomshuwalense manje zinikeza intethelelo yezimoto ezihlome ngalezi zimiso.
  • Izisetshenziswa zomshuwalense osekelwe ekusebenziseni: izisetshenziswa noma izisetshenziswa zocingo eziqondisa ukuziphatha kokushayela (ukushaya, ukushaya ibhuleki, ukusebenzisa ucingo) zinganikeza inzuzo kanye nezingatadi eziphansi zokushayela ngokuphepha. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuhambisana nemithetho yezimoto.
  • Izimoto ezizimele: Lapho zisathuthuka, izimoto ezizifaka zona zithembisa ukunciphisa iphutha lomuntu, okuyimbangela emaphesentini angaphezu kuka-90 okuphahlazeka. Nokho, amapulani angokomthetho asalokhu ehlahlela, nemibuzo ngecala isasele.

Njengoba le sayensi iqala ukuthandwa, imithetho yezimoto kuzodingeka ivumelane nayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izifunda eziningi kakade seziye zanikeza imithetho lapho abashayeli bekwazi ukusebenzisa izici ze-ADAS ngaphandle kwesandla, futhi kusungulwa imithetho yokuhlola izimoto ezizimele.

Isiphetho: Hlanganyela Umthwalo Wemfanelo Emigwaqweni Ephephile

Imithetho yezimoto nokuphepha kwemigwaqo ayikhathazeki ngezinhlangano zikahulumeni kuphela; zinomthwalo wemfanelo okhethekile. Wonke umshayeli, ohamba ngezinyawo, nohamba ngebhayisikili banendima yokufeza indima ekudaleni indawo ephephile. Ngokuqonda imithetho eyinhloko, imingcele yejubane, ukugwema iziphazamiso, nokuhlala sifundiswa ngezindlela zokuphepha zamuva, sonke singaba nengxenye ekunciphiseni ukufa nokulimala emigwaqweni yethu. Ubufakazi bucacile: lapho imithetho ilandelwa, ubuchwepheshe busesimweni esiphephile, futhi imfundo ibekwa phambili, inani lezingozi liyancipha kakhulu. Lolwazi maluqondise ukuziphatha kwakho njalo lapho ungena emgwaqweni, ngoba ukuphepha akuzenzeki ngokuzenzakalela; kuyindlela esikhethayo.