Isingeniso: Isandla Esifihlekile Ekhabetheni Lakho Lokuthenga

Uma ungena esitolo sokudla, ubheka i-bomique, noma ukhipha umyalo esitolo esisha sokudla, awuvamile ukucabanga ngezikhulu zikahulumeni zendawo ezakwazi lokho. Nokho, zonke izici zokuthenga kwakho kwansuku zonke zenza ukuba kutholakale ukudla okudingayo, kusukela ekutholeni indawo yokupaka izimoto, kusukela ezitolo ezihlukahlukene endaweni yakini kuya entengo oyikhokhayo ngezindleko ezenziwa ehholo ledolobha, izikhungo zesifunda, nemikhandlu yedolobha. Ukuqonda lokhu kuxhumana kukunika amandla njengabathengi nesakhamuzi, kwembula ukuthi kungani ukubusa kwendawo kufanelwe ukunaka kwakho kude kakhulu kunokhetho lokhetho.

Uhulumeni wendawo uthonya ezentengiselwano ngemithetho eshisiwe, izisusa, izakhiwo, nokugcinwa kwemithetho. Lezizenzo zivame ukungaqashelwa, kodwa zinquma ukuthi umphakathi wakini uchuma ngamabhizinisi amancane anamandla noma unezitolo ezingenalutho. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela eziningi uhulumeni wendawo athinta ngazo okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kokuthenga, unikeza ukuqonda okungakusiza ukuba usekele izimiso ezizuzisa kokubili izikhwama zakho kanye nezinga lakho lokuphila.

Isisekelo Sokwakha Izwe: Ukulima Nendawo Okusetshenziswayo

Imithetho eshintshayo iyipulani engabonakali yawo wonke umphakathi. Inquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhizinisi ezingasebenza lapho, zingaba zinkulu kangakanani, futhi zisebenzelana kanjani nezindawo zokuhlala.

Indlela Ukuhlobisa Uboya Okuthonya Ngayo Ukukhetha Kwakho Ukuthenga

Ukuhlukanisa indawo ngokwesiko ngokwezindawo: indawo yokuhlala, ezohwebo, ezezimboni, nezixubene. Emadolobheni amaningi, lokhu kwahlukana kwakha izitolo ezivamile noma iphasishi lebhokisi elikhulu lesitolo, ngokuvamile kuqhele ngamakhilomitha ukusuka emakhaya. Lokhu kulawula izimoto nohambo lokuthenga oluzenzekelayo. Ngokungafani, ukwakha imithetho esekelwe ku-odansi nokusebenzisa izindawo zokuhlala kuvumela izitolo ezingaphansi kwezakhiwo ezifulelwe, ukwakha izindawo ezihambayo lapho isitolo, iziteshi, izikebhezi, nezitolo kuyizitebhisi eziqhelele ukusuka emnyango wakho. Inani elikhulayo lamadolobha akha imigwaqo ephelele ehamba ngezinyawo ezihamba ngezinyawo nezimoto, okwenza kube lula ukuthenga ngaphandle kwemoto.

  • Ukwakha indawo kungadinga abakhi ukuba babeke eceleni indawo yesitolo somphakathi sokudayisa, njengezitolo ezibizayo ezidayisa ukudla ezingwadule.
  • Izifunda ezilayishiwe ngezinye izikhathi ikhulula imingcele ukuze ikhuthaze izitolo ze-pop noma izimakethe zenkathi yonyaka, ukuthuthukisa ezohwebo zendawo.
  • Izinqubo zokuzimela [ zivumela amabhizinisi ukuba asebenze ezifundeni lapho ebengeke khona, kodwa lokhu kudinga ukuzwa obala futhi kungabangela izingxabano.
I-American Planning Association iphawula ukuthi: “Ukuzijabulisa kuyithuluzi elinamandla elingaqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani noma kubangele ukuba kube nokulingana kwezimpahla nezinkonzo,” i-American Planning Association. Izinhlangano ezihlela ngamabomu ukuhlukahluka kwezindawo zezitolo zivame ukubona izinga eliphansi lokungalondeki kokudla kanye nokusinda kwebhizinisi elincane.

Ohulumeni bendawo futhi balawula ukubekwa, amahora okusebenza, namazinga omsindo , konke okuthinta umoya wokuthenga. Idolobha elivumela izihlalo zangaphandle nomculo omnandi wasemgwaqweni liveza okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile kokuthengisa kunokwenqabela. Lemithetho ebonakala incane inqwabelana esimweni sakho sokuthenga.

Ukuphehla Amalayisi, Imvume, Nemali Yebhizinisi Yasendaweni

Ngaphansi kwento yonke egcinweyo kunenqwaba yezincwadi zemvume namalayisensi. Ohulumeni bendawo banikeza amalayisensi ebhizinisi, imvume yempilo, imvume yokwakha, kanye namalayisensi asebenzayo aqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha nezinga eliphezulu.

Ukulinganisela Phakathi Kokuphepha Nokuthola Ithuba

Kwesinye isandla, ukuhlola impilo okunzima kwenza amathilomu ahlale ehlanzekile futhi kuvimbele izifo ezibangelwa ukudla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko eziqinisiwe kanye nokungalawuleki kobudoda kungaqeda ukuqalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, umqondisi weloli lokudla kwamanye amadolobha kumelwe ahambe ngeminyango eminingi yamadolobha //ukubhula, impilo yomphakathi, umlilo, kanye nezinto zokuhamba − ngaphambi kokuthengisa i-taco eyodwa. Ukuhamba okufakwe “isitolo esisodwa sokuyeka” ukuvumela izimiso, ezithathwa amadolobha njenge Austin ne-Denver, nciphisa ipeepi ebomvu futhi usize amabhizinisi amancane avuleke ngokushesha.

  • Inkokhelo yemali yemali yezentengiselwano ibanzi; amanye amadolobha abiza amakhulu amaRandi ngonyaka, kuyilapho amanye ekhokha imali ekhokhelwa amabhizinisi asekhaya noma abahwebi abahlawulwa kancane.
  • Ukuhlolwa komnyango weHealth [ kuvame kakhulu ezimbonini ze-riski eziphezulu, kodwa ukugcinwa kokugcinwa kwamandla kwakha ukwethembana kwabathengi.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwemvume yenkolo [[[FL:1] kuvumela amabhizinisi anjengezitolo zotshwala noma izitolo ezidlalwayo kwezinye izindawo, ahlolwe umphakathi.

Ohulumeni bendawo baphatha futhi imvume yezehlakalo zesikhashana, njengezentengiselwano zabalimi noma izibuko zobuciko. Lokhu kuvumela kungaba inhlalo esebenzayo kubenzi nakubalimi, kodwa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenza zingavimbela ukuthatha inxaxheba. Uma amadolobha ekwenza kube lula ukuthengisa, athuthukisa indawo engcono, ehlukene kakhulu yezohwebo.

Uhulumeni Wendawo Njengomsizi Wezomnotho

Ngaphandle kokuqondiswa, ohulumeni bendawo bashukumisa izitolo ngezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izomnotho. izisusa zentela, izimali, nosizo lobuchwepheshe kusiza amabhizinisi amancane ukuba ancintisane namaketanga amakhulu namaqhawe angaphakathi.

Ukukhokha Intela (ITIF) Nezinhlelo Zomgwaqo Ezinkulu

Izifunda-zifunda ze-TIFF zithatha inzuzo yempahla esikhathini esizayo kusukela ekuthuthukeni kwezakhiwo kuya ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yezemisebenzi. Kubathengi, lokhu kungasho izindawo ezingcono ezihamba ngezinyawo, izibani ezingcono, kanye nezitolo ezintsha ezindaweni ezake zakhanya. AmaMain Street America uhlelo lwe-[, olusetshenziswa yiNational Trust for Exposition, luvuse izinkulungwane zamabhilidi ngokusiza ohulumeni bendawo ukuba baxhumanise ukuthengisa, intuthuko yangaphambili, kanye nezinhlelo zebhizinisi. Izinhlangano zezinhlelo zeMain Street ibona ukukhula kwezentengo zaminyaka yonke ngesilinganiso.

  • Ibhizinisi elincane likhokha izindleko zokuqala, ukuthengisa, noma imishini, ukunciphisa ingozi kubathengisi abasha.
  • Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa [ zinikeza imali efanayo kuthengiselwa phambili kwesitolo, okwenza izigodi zezitolo zikhange kakhulu.
  • [ Izigodi zezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano ukuhlola okukhethekile kwabanikazi bempahla ukusekela ukukhucululwa kwendle, ukulondeka, nezenzakalo, okuthuthukisa ngokuqondile okuhlangenwe nakho kokuthenga.

Izimakethe Zobalimi Nezimiso Zokudla Zendawo

Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo basekela ngentshiseko izimakethe zabalimi ngokunikeza indawo yomphakathi, ukuthengisa, nokukhokha imali. Ngokwe- USSDA, inani lezimakethe zabalimi e-U.S. liye lakhula kusukela ku-1,755 ngo1994 kuya ku-8,700 namuhla. Lezi zimakethe zandisa amathuba okukhiqiza okusha, ukusekela ezolimo zendawo, nokuveza izinyawo zezitolo zezitini eziseduze. Izentengiselwano zezempilo zendawo ngokuvamile zinikeza imfundo yezemfundo nenzuzo ye-SNAP, zithuthukisa impilo yomphakathi ezitolo.

Isivikelo Sabathengi Ezingeni Lasezindaweni Ezizungezile

Lapho uthenga, ulindele imikhiqizo ephephile, ukufukula okuqotho, nezimiso zokubuyisa ngokungakhethi. Ohulumeni bendawo baphoqelela eziningi zalezisivikelo, ngokuvamile ngamahhovisi anikezelwe abathengi noma ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Izilinganiso Nezilinganiso

Impompa ekushintshayo ngamasenti ambalwa ngelitha ngalinye ingangaqashelwa, kodwa ukunyuka kwezindleko zokukhwabanisa abathengi kubiza izinkulungwane zezigidi zezigidi minyaka yonke. Abahloli bendawo bawuhlu lokuqala lokuvikela.

Ukumemezela Iqiniso Nokulithengisa

Imithetho kaMasipala idinga intengo ecacile, ukuvinjelwa kwemicu kanye nokungagunyazi amaqhinga okungahwebi, nokulawula “ukuphuma kwebhizinisi”. Amadolobha anjenge New York ne Los Angeles anezikhungo zokuvikela zendawo ezihlola izikhalo futhi zingaphula kahle. Lamaqembu afundisa abathengi ngamalungelo abo ngokuphathelene ne-redund, ama-odocter, kanye nomkhiqizo.

  • Imithetho engenisayo ikhahlela phakathi nomomo ophuthumayo ukuze kuvinjelwe izimpahla ezidingekayo zingathengiswa ngentengo emba ephezulu.
  • I-Receipt kanye nokubuyisela izinqubo [ kumelwe zibekwe obala; ukwephula kungaholela ezijezisweni.
  • Ukukhokha abathengisi abasubathi kanye nezitolo ezixhashazwayo kusiza ekuvimbeleni izimpahla ezebiwe ukuba zingangeni emakethe.
“ Isivikelo sabathengi bendawo ngokuvamile sisabela kakhulu kunezinhlangano zikahulumeni noma zikahulumeni ngoba siseduze nomphakathi,” kusho i- Nationalal Association of Counies. Amahhovisi ezindaba zabathengi asesifundazweni asingatha izinkulungwane zezikhalo unyaka ngamunye, axazulula izindaba ezithinta ukuthembana ngokuqondile kwabathengi.

Izakhiwo Ezithonya Imikhuba Yokuthenga

Indawo ezungezile ezungeze izitolo − imizila, imizila, imoto, izithuthi zomphakathi − ngokuyinhloko iwumkhiqizo wokutshala uhulumeni wendawo. Lezi zici zinquma ukuthi ukuthola kulula yini noma kukhungathekisa ukufinyelela izitolo ozithandayo.

Izinto Zokuhamba Nokupakisha

Ohulumeni bendawo balawula imigwaqo, izimpawu zezimoto, namamitha okupaka izimoto. Imishini yezokuhamba ehlelwe kahle inciphisa ukuminyana ezikhungweni zezitolo. Izimoto ezimahhala noma ezishibhile zingakhanga amakhasimende, kodwa amanye amadolobha azama ukupaka izimoto ezikhokhelwayo ukuze akhuthaze ukujika nokuthuthukisa umphakathi. Imigwaqo ehamba ngezinyawo, izimoto ezihamba ngezinyawo, kanye nezibhayisekili zikhuphuka kakhulu. Ucwaningo ePortland lwathola ukuthi abathengi abafika ngebhayisikili bachitha imali engaphezulu ngenyanga emabhizinisini okuhlala kuwo kunalawo ahamba ngemoto.

Ukutholakala Kokudluliswa Komphakathi

Izindlela zomgwaqo kanye nemigqa yezitimela elula ihlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala namaphasishi ezitolo. Uma ohulumeni bendawo bedlulisela uhambo ezindaweni ezigciniwe, bavula amathuba okuthenga emizi engenamoto. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusika imigwaqo yamabhasi kungahlukanisa abakhulileyo nabathola imali ephansi ezitolo ezitolo ezithengisayo nasemaphaketheni. Ukuhamba ngemuva kwezitishi kuvumela ukuthuthuka okuxubana, ukwenza “izindawo zokuthenga eziminyene”.

Ukwenza Indawo Nezindawo Zomphakathi

Ohulumeni bendawo bavame ukutshala imali emagcekeni omphakathi, emapaki, nasemigwaqweni eyenza izindawo zezitolo zibe ezikhanga kakhulu. Amapaki esikhashana .ashiwe ashintshwa ukuba andise ukuthengiswa kwezindawo zokupaka ngamashumi amabili%. Izibani zamaholide, ubuciko bomphakathi, kanye nemihlobiso yonyaka kuhlanganiswa ngamahhovisi edolobha, ukudweba abathengi emagcekeni. Lemizamo yokulungisa indawo ifaka isiqinisekiso sokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wezezomnotho wendawo.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nembobo Yokudla

Izwi lakho libaluleke kakhulu kunalokho ohulumeni bendawo bathembele ekuqondiseni komphakathi ukuze kuklanywe izinqubo zokuthenga. Amahholo edolobha, izinhlolo-lwazi, namabhodi okuhlobisa izakhamuzi zinikeza isihlalo etafuleni lapho kwenziwa izinqumo mayelana nokuthi yindawo enjani yokuthenga eziyifunayo.

Ukuqulwa Kwecala Komphakathi Ekwandeni Kwezindaba

Phambi kokuba kwakhiwe isitolo esikhulu noma indawo entsha yezitolo, abakhi badinga ushintsho noma imvume ekhethekile edinga ukugcinwa obala. Izakhamuzi zingasekela noma ziphikise, zithonye ukuxubana kwabathengisi. Emiphakathini eminingi, omakhelwane baye bavala izitolo zamaRandi ngokuphumelelayo noma amaketanga okudla okusheshayo kuyilapho besekela izitolo zokuthenga namabhande ezindawo.

Amabhodi Nezingcingo Zebhizinisi

Amanye amadolobha anezindawo zezakhamuzi ezizwa izikhalo zamalayisense ebhizinisi angemukeleki noma izikhalo ngamabhizinisi acasulayo.

  • [[[UMTL:0] Amaqembu okuhlela indawo ebanzi [ aluleka ngesitolo esidinga ukutshelwa indawo yaso, njengokufuna izitolo zobuhlanga noma izitolo zezincwadi.
  • Ingqungquthela yemikhandlu yezenkolo ihlanganisa izakhamuzi nabathengi ukuze baxoxe ngezindaba ezinjengokupaka imoto, amahora, nomphakathi ukuze kuzuze izivumelwano.
  • [[UMTL:0] phezu kwamaqonga angaphezulu[ njenga I-'endaweni' yendawo ivumela ukunikeza impendulo engu 24/7 kushintsho oluhlongozwayo lwesitolo.

Lapho ohulumeni bendawo benxusa ngenkuthalo futhi besabela ekuqondiseni komphakathi, bakha izindawo zokuthenga ezisiza izakhamuzi ngempela.

Imithetho Yendawo Ezungezile Neyokulondoloza

Ukuthenga ekhulwini lama - 21 kusho ukubhekana nezinkinga zendawo ezungezile: imfucumfucu yepulasitiki, imishini yokuthumela icarbon mest, kanye nokudla okungamakhilomitha amaningi.

Izibhamu Zepulasitiki Nezimbobo Eziyimigqomo

Omasipala base-U.S. abangaphezu kuka-500 baye bamisa ukuvinjelwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki noma izindleko, ukunciphisa udoti nezikhwama ezikhuthazayo. Lezinkambiso zidluliswa imikhandlu yamadolobha futhi ziphoqelelwa abahloli bemithetho elawulayo. Ngokufanayo, inqwaba yendawo ezindaweni zokuphatha iziphuzo (ngokwezimo ezizivumelayo) iyanda amazinga okuvuselela imfucumfucu futhi ingaxhasa izinhlelo zokuhlanza zendawo. Ama-Shoverfy alungisa ngokushesha, futhi izinzuzo zendawo ezungezile zincishisiwe: amapulasitiki asetshenziswa ngaphezu kwama-70% ngemva kokuvinjelwa kwezwe.

Ukunakekelwa Kokudla Kwendawo Nezolimo Zasemadolobheni

Abanye ohulumeni bendawo badinga izikhungo zomphakathi .($8, izibhedlela, izikhungo eziphakeme , i-odoli, ithenga ingxenye ethile yokudla endaweni ethile." Lokhu kuqinisa izinhlelo zokudla zendawo futhi kwenza imikhiqizo ekhulayo ibonakale kakhulu ezitolo. Imithetho yezolimo yasemadolobheni, kuhlanganise nezingadi zomphakathi nokugcinwa kwezinyosi, iletha imikhiqizo emisha emadolobheni futhi inciphise ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuthutha. Izimakethengi, ngokuvamile ezisekelwa iminyango yezokuzilibazisa, ezinye zixhumanisa abathengi nabalimi bendawo.

  • Ikhodi zokwakha eziluhlaza okotshani zithinta ukwakhiwa kwesitolo, okudinga ukukhanya okungasebenzi kagesi neHVAC ekugcineni okunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza (okungadluliswa kubathengi).
  • Ukufaka imvume [ emadolobheni anjengeSan Francisco neSeattle abadayisi bamandla okulawula imfucumfucu yokudla, ukunciphisa i-methane ekugqitshweni kwenhlabathi.
  • Imingcele evimbelayo yokuthutha amaloli asusa ugesi ophumayo emadokisini alayishayo, ukuthuthukisa izinga lomoya labathengi.

Ekuqaleni lezi zinyathelo zendawo ezungezile zingase zibonakale ziphazamisa, kodwa ngokuvamile ziholela ekulahlekelweni imali elondoloziwe nasemiphakathini enempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I - Digital Murain: Uhulumeni Wendawo Ne - E - Commerce

Ukuthenga nge - Internet kuye kwashintsha izinto, futhi ohulumeni bendawo bazama ukuvumelana nezimo.

Ukwanda Okubanzi Nesilinganiso Sezinombolo

Ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi enezingcingo eziphambili ezithembekile, izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni nasemadolobheni angakholeki kubathengisi be-inthanethi, ukuqhathanisa amanani, noma ukuhlanganyela embonini yendawo. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo bakha iziteshi ezibanzi zikamasipala noma abasebenzisa i-ISP ukuze bavale igebe le-inthanethi. Le mizamo ithinta ukuthenga ngokuqondile: abantu abadayisa isitolo, basebenzise intengo, futhi basekele amabhizinisi endawo ngemakethene.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwezinkonzo Zokubeletha

Ukuphakama kwe-Amazon, i-Lougdash, ne-Istacart kuye kwabangela imithetho yendawo mayelana nezindleko zokubeletha, ukuthutha nokunqanda ukuphatha. Amanye amadolobha adinga izinkampani ezithwala abantu ngengxenye yesithathu ukuze zibhalise futhi zinikeze ukwaziswa ngemisebenzi yazo. Amanye anemali yokuthutha ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze avimbele ukupha. Ohulumeni bendawo bamisa futhi izifunda zokulayisha amaloli nokuthumela amarobhothi, beqinisekisa ukuthi ayawafaka amabala noma adala izingozi.

  • [[[UMTL:0] Imoto ehambayo ivumela [ ukuthwala amaveni kuyasiza ekuqondiseni izimoto ezifundeni zezitolo.
  • [ Isivumelwano sokuhlanganisa [ phakathi kohulumeni bendawo namapulatifomu okuhambisa kunganikeza ukuqonda ezinkonzweni zezitolo ezizisa ukutshala imali komphakathi.
  • [ ukudayiswa kwe-inthanethi kuyisihloko esishisayo; ohulumeni abaningi bendawo manje baqoqa intela yokuthengisa kubathengisi abakude, behlela indawo yokudlala izitolo zezitini nezomkhamo.

Njengoba i-ecommerce ikhula, ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe balinganisele ukusungula nempilo yesitolo esingokomzimba. Ukuzingela “izindawo zokugcina impahla ezimashana” namachashaza angaphakathi evenini kuyaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Isiphetho: Indima Yakho Ekushintsheni Okuhlangenwe Nakho Kokuthenga

Uhulumeni wendawo awuyona into eqhele kakhulu; ulingana kakhulu nohulumeni ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Kusukela ngesikhathi uphuma umnyango ukuze uthenge ikhofi noma uthathe incwadi egunyaziwe, uhamba endaweni eyakhiwe yimithetho yendawo, ukuhlola, izisusa, kanye nokutshala imali. Ukuqaphela lokhu kukwenza ube isakhamuzi esithembiswe ukuthembisana ngokwengeziwe, zenza umhlangano wokuhlela, ukuvota okhethweni, noma ukunikeza nje ukuvuleka kwesitolo esisha.

Uma usekela amabhizinisi endawo nezimiso zokusebenza kwe-pro-commerce, usiza ekudaleni umjikelezo omuhle: izitolo ezichumayo zingenisa intela engcono izimali ezizuzwa imigwaqo nezindawo zomphakathi, okuthi zona zikhange abathengi abengeziwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungazinaki ukubusa kwendawo kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni kwekhekhi, ukunciphisa ukukhetha, namanani aphakeme. Uma uhamba esitolo, zithathe isikhashana uqaphele izahlulelo eziyizinkulungwane ezenziwa uhulumeni wendawo wakini owenze ukuba zikwazi ukwenza lowo mzuzu, futhi cabangela indlela ongathonya ngayo lezo zinqumo ezingcono.

Ngokuqonda ukuthi uhulumeni wendawo uhlobene kakhulu nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kokuthenga, uba umthengi onamandla kakhulu nongumsekeli ophumelelayo emphakathini wakini.