Okwenza Ukuba Umshoshaphansi Kube Itshe Lezindlebe Ezifanele

Izindlebe zezisebenzi zakha umgogodla wesinqumo sokulawula nokulawula i-quasi-judicia enqamula izingxenye ezingenakubalwa − kusukela ekuhlolweni kwezezemisebenzi ezingochwepheshe ezibusweni zezezemisebenzi nasezinhlolweni zendawo ezungezile. Ngokungafani nokuvulwa kwe-liv. Umthetho we-paucestourt noma wezobugebengu, ukuqulwa kwecala kwabaphathi abaningi abasebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso sokufihla imfihlo. Lokhu akuyona ingozi noma ukuhleleka komthetho osemthethweni nezimiso ezisemthethweni okuvikela ukuthenjelwa kwezinhlangano ezisengozini, futhi kuvumela ukukhomba ukuthembeka kokwaziswa okuqinile. Ngaphandle kwezivikelo eziqinile, sonke isimiso sobulungisa bezomthetho singaba ingozi engathi singasebenzi noma izingozi kakhulu kubantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ezikhonzayo.

Ukufihlakala kulomongo kusho ukuthi izimpawu zamaqembu, ubufakazi obunikezwayo, ubufakazi, nesinqumo sokugcina zivikelekile ekwambulweni komphakathi ngaphandle kokuba kusebenza indawo ethile engokomthetho. Ukulinganisela phakathi kokuthulula izimfihlo nokufihla imfihlo kuhlelwa ngokucophelela yimithetho, imithetho, nemithetho yokuqondisa. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kulinganisela kukhona, kudingekile kunoma ubani ohilelekile noma othintelwe yizenqubo yokuphatha.

Izizathu Eziyimfihlo Zibalulekile

Ngasenhliziyweni yayo, imfihlo ifeza izinjongo eziningana ezihlobene ezenza ukuqulwa kwamacala okuqondisa kube okulungile, okuqotho ngokwengeziwe, nokuphumelela ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuthola Izindlela Ezikhuthazayo Nokungaphumi Kakhulu

Izindawo zokulalela eziphethe ngokuvamile zinokwaziswa okungabangela ukulimala okukhulu komuntu siqu, komsebenzi, noma ngokwezimali. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha obhekene nebhodi elungisa iziguli kungase kudingeke ukuba avule amarekhodi esiguli noma imininingwane yesimo sazo siqu sezokwelapha. Ibhizinisi elincane elimangalelwayo ngokwephula imithetho yokulondeka kungase kudingeke ukuba lembule ukwaziswa okusebenza ngaphakathi okungasetshenziswa abancintisanayo. Uma imfihlo iqinisekiswa, lamaqembu asengozini kakhulu yokukhuluma ngokwethembeka nangokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwesivikelo esinjalo, imizwelo engokwemvelo yokugodlela ukwaziswa okulimazayo ingasusa izinga lobufakazi futhi ilulaze ikhono lomenzi wesinqumo sokufinyelela umphumela olungile.

Ukuvikela Isikhathi Somuntu Siqu Nokuvimbela Ukungezwani

Izikhulu eziningi zezikhulu zithinta izindaba zomuntu siqu ezijulile: ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukuqulwa kwezenhlalakahle yabantwana, ukumangalelwa kobuchwepheshe, noma ukuhlaliswa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ukwaziswa okunjalo kungaholela ekucwaseni, ekuhlaziyweni kwezenhlalo, ekulahlekelweni umsebenzi, noma ngisho nasekusongeleni ukulondeka okungokomzimba. Izenzo zangasese njengesivikelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abajeziswa ngokujeziswa ngokungemthetho ngokulwa kwabo siqu obala. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuzweni okuhilela izingane, izisulu zokuxhashazwa, noma abantu ngabanye ngemibandela yezokwelapha lapho imithetho enjenge - HIPAA eUnited States isebenza khona.

Ukuvikela Amabhizinisi Nokwaziswa Okuyingcaca

Uma ukuqulwa kwecala kuhilela inhlangano yezebhizinisi, ubufakazi buvame ukuhlanganisa izimfihlo zezohwebo, izikhombo zezimali, izinhlu zabathengi, amasu ezinto eziyimfihlo, nokufuna izinhlelo ezisemthethweni. Ukwaziswa okunjalo kungabangela ukulimala okuthatha isikhathi eside kokuncintisana. Ukuvikela okuyimfihlo − njengeziqondiso, imibukiso evaliweyo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuvala ibhizinisi ukuba lihlanganyele ekuqubuleni ngaphandle kokudela ukwaziswa okusekela indawo yezentengiselwano. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukubambisana nezinkampani ezilawulayo ngaphandle kokuphoqesha izinhlangano ukuba zikhethe phakathi kokubambisana nokuzifunela imvume nokuzivocanga.

Ukulondoloza Ubuqotho Besinqumo − Ukwenza Inqubo

Izikhulu zezikhulu zivame ukuqulwa amajaji angochwepheshe abanolwazi olukhethekile kunokuba babe yijaji. Imfihlo isiza laba abakhi balesi sinqumo ukuba bagxile ekusingatheni kwecala ngaphandle kokucindezela kwangaphandle, ukucubungula, noma imikhankaso yomphakathi. Kunciphisa futhi ingozi yokwesatshiswa kofakazi, ukuphindisela, noma ukuhlukunyezwa, okungasheshisa kakhulu ezimweni ezihilela izimpikiswano zasemsebenzini, ukuziphatha okubi kochwepheshe, noma ukuphoqelela. Inqubo evikelekile esekelwe ekusithekeni ngaphandle komthetho, isekela izinqumo ezisekelwe ezindaweni zomphakathi kunokuba kuthonywe ukucindezela komphakathi noma kwezombangazwe.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Engokomthetho Neyasemfashinini Eveza Ubumfihlo Bendoda

Ukufihla izindlebe zomphathi akuwona nje umkhuba ongcono kakhulu; ngokuvamile kuyimfuneko engokomthetho ehlanganiswe ezimisweni, ezimisweni, nakumthetho wendaba. Uhlelo oluthile luyahlukahluka ngokulawula nangokuzwa, kodwa ezinye izici ezivamile ziyaphindaphindeka ezimisweni.

Amalungiselelo Nemithetho

Imithetho eminingi kahulumeni nohulumeni ifuna ukuba ezinye izimemezelo zokuphatha zigcinwe ziyimfihlo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, inkululeko yolwazi Act (FOIA) ihlanganisa ukukhulula okuvikela ukwaziswa okungakha ukuhlaselwa okungadingekile kwemfihlo yomuntu siqu noma ukudalula izimfihlo zezentengiselwano. Ngokufanayo, imithetho eyimfihlo ye-[FLT] enjenge-Heal Health Inshuwarensivement Act (HIPAA) yezendlebe yezezezeluleko zezeluleko noma i-Actal Elect (FAURFoservation Acts) yokwaziswa okungakhombayo okunga-mfazwayo kwezifundo zabafundi.

Iziqondiso Zezikhulu Eziphethe

Abahluleli bomthetho ophethe, izikhulu zezikhulu ezizwayo, kanye namalungu ebhodi avame ukuboshelwa ngemithetho yokuziphatha egcizelela umsebenzi wokuvikela ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo. Lemithetho yezimiso inqabela ukuvezwa kwemininingwane yecala lasobala, idinga ukugcinwa okulondekile kwezincwadi, futhi igunya lokuthi izikhawu zivalwe. Izinhlangano zobuchwepheshe ezinjenge- Nationalal Association of Administrative Law Judicary (NALD) zisakaza izindinganiso zokuziphatha eziqinisa lezi zibopho. I-Bbachs of shey zingaholela esenzweni sokuqondisa, ukuquluthwa kwesinqumo sesikhulu, noma ngisho nokuhlenga kwesinqumo esidluliselwe ekudlulisweni.

Izivikelo Nezimiso Zemvelo

Ngaphandle kwemithetho ebanzi, izindlebe ezihlukene ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amathuluzi emvelo ukuze ziqinisekise ukugcinwa kwemfihlo. Lezi zihlanganisa:

  • [ Amarekhodi agciniwe - amabhukwana agcinwe enkantolo agcinwe egcinweni elondekile, etholakala kuphela emaphathini, kubameli bawo, nakumamenzi wesinqumo.
  • Izivumelwano zokuzifihla [ - bonke abathathi-nxaxheba (kuhlanganise ofakazi, ochwepheshe, nabahumushi) basayina izivumelwano ezibophayo ngokomthetho ukuze kungathululi ukwaziswa okufundiwe phakathi nomthetho.
  • [ Izindlebe ezivalekile - umphakathi kanye nomshini wokunyathelisa kukhishwe egumbini lokuzwa lezingxenye ezithile zobufakazi noma zonke eziqhubekayo, njengoba zigunyaziwe ngumthetho.
  • [ Izinqumo ezinciphileyo[ – izinqumo zokugcina zingakhishwa ngokuhlukanisa imininingwane esusiwe, njengamagama, amakheli, kanye nokwaziswa okukhethekile kwebhizinisi.

Izibonelo Eziningiliziwe Zokufihla Izindlebe Ezicijile Ezinhloboni Zezindlebe Zokuqondisa

Ukuze siqonde indlela ukufihla imfihlo okusebenza ngayo, kuyasiza ukuhlola izigaba ezimbalwa ezivamile zezindaba zokuphatha lapho lezisivikelo zinamandla khona ngokukhethekile.

Ukuzwa Izindlebe Kwezokwelapha Nezokunakekela Impilo

Uma ibhodi lezokwelapha likahulumeni licabangela isenzo sokuyala ngokumelene nodokotela (ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, ukunganaki okukhulu, noma ukuziphatha okubi kobulili) izenzakalo ziyimfihlo ngokwezinga lokuhlola. Imibiko yezokwelapha yeziguli iwubufakazi obuyinhloko, futhi leyo mibhalo ivikelwe yi-HIPAA kanye nemithetho yasese. Ngisho nangemva kwesinqumo sokugcina, amabhodi amaningi asakaza ukufushaniswa kwamaqiniso nesijeziso esibekwe, ukugonywa kwamagama ezigulini kanye nemininingwane ethile yezokwelapha. Lokhu kuvumela umphakathi ukuba utshelwe ukufaneleka kodokotela kuyilapho uvikela iziguli ezingase zingavumelani nokuvuma obala ukudluliswa kokwaziswa kwazo okungokwempilo.

Umsebenzi Nokungezwa

Izakhono phambi kwe-Unicalible Objective Commission (EOC) noma izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu zikahulumeni zivame ukusho izimangalo zokucwaswa kobandlululo olusekelwe ngokohlanga, ubulili, ukukhubazeka, noma inkolo. Ubufakazi bungahlanganisa amarekhodi ezokwelapha, ukuhlola, nokuxhumana kwangasese. Imfihlo phakathi nophenyo nokuhlangana kwezimiso inikezwa umthetho (umz. 42 U.S.C. 76e\\5 (b) yezezimo zesihloko VII). Ngisho nangemva kokuzwa, isinqumo esiwumphumela sivame ukuvusenelelwa ekususeni ukwaziswa okusobala. Ngokufanayo, ukukhubazeka kuzuza ukuzwa ngaphansi kobucukupheli be-Social Administration Admentmentment incike ewubufakazi obuyimfihlo; abatheli bezinto zomuntu siqu bavikelwa kuyo yonke le nqubo.

Ukulalela Indawo Ezungezile Nokulawula

Uma inkampani ibekela inselele i-paseature noma imvume yokulahla indawo ezungezile phambi kwebhodi yendawo ezungezile kahulumeni, ukuzwa kungahlanganisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ipropritary, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi, noma ukwaziswa kokucwaninga. Izinhlangano zezendawo ezungezile nombuso zivame ukusebenzisa iziyalezo zokuvikela ukwaziswa okunjalo ngaphandle komlando womphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, U.S. i-FOLT protection Agency’s [[ ikhulula izimfihlo zezohwebo nokwaziswa okuyimfihlo kwezebhizinisi. Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani ukuba zivikele izikhundla zazo ngaphandle kokudalula ulwazi olubalulekile lwezentengiselwano noma olunezentengo.

Ukufuduka Nokuzwa Kwezindlebe

Ukuthunyelwa kwezindawo ezizimele kuyimfihlo emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezikhoselo lapho umfaki wesicelo esaba ukushushiswa. E-United States, ukuqulwa kwecala lokufuduka kuvame ukuvuleka emphakathini, kodwa iziphetho zokukhosela zivalwa njalo ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha komfaki-sicelo. Imithetho ye-Hulumeni Ephethe ye-Immigation Review ivumela izinyathelo zokuvikela kuhlanganise nobufakazi obuseGawulayo, amarekhodi avinjiwe, kanye nobufakazi obulinganiselwe bezwe. Imfihlo ngokuvamile iyindaba yokuphila nokufa kulezi zikhala, njengoba ukubonakala komphakathi kungaholela ekuphindiseleni izicelo noma amalungu emikhaya yabo ahlala ekhaya labo.

Izinselele Ekulinganiseni Ukufihla Ingqondo Nokubona Izindawo Ngokubonana Nesibopho

Nakuba ukufihla imfihlo kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa futhi kunezinkinga. Ukufihla okungaqiniseki noma okungaqinisekwanga kungalulaza ukwethenjwa umphakathi, kufihle amaphutha okuqondisa, futhi kuvimbele ukuqondisa okunenjongo.

Ingozi Yokufihla Ukungabi Nabulungisa Eminyango Evalekile

Uma ukuzwa kuyimfihlo ngokuphelele, kunengozi eyingozi yokuba izinqumo ezicwathile, ukungavumelani ngokomthetho, noma ukuziphatha okubi okusobala kubekwe izikhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu. Uphendlo lwezindaba nokuhlola umphakathi kusebenza njengendlela yokuhlola amandla azimele. Izikhalo ezivala wonke amarekhodi ezindlebe ngokuzenzekelayo − ngaphandle kwecala zifaka ukuthethelela − ngokugxeka okuthi isimiso sivikela esaso siqu kunokuba sikhonze ubulungisa. Umbuso wezindaba eziyimfihlo obekwe ngokwezimfihlo kumelwe uhlanganise izinqubo zokufihla isithakazelo esilinganiselwe uma isithakazelo somphakathi sidlula imfihlo, njengokuvumela ikomiti ephethe noma inkantolo ehlolile ukuba ikwazi ukungena ezintweni ezivalelwe.

Isibopho Esingqubuzanayo Ngemikhosi Nezikhulu

Ama-athorney amelela amakhasimende asemacaleni ayimfihlo abhekana nemisebenzi yezimiso zomthetho kokubili ukuze avikele ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo kwekhasimende futhi athathe isinyathelo ngentshiseko. Ngezinye izikhathi ikhasimende lingase lifune ukudalula ukwaziswa okuthi imithetho idinga ukugcinwa iyimfihlo, noma okuphambene. Izikhulu ezizwayo ngokwazo zingadingeka ukuba zigcine imfihlo kodwa futhi zibe nesibopho sokubika ukuziphatha okubi ezikhulwini ezithile (isimo esiwumzekelo, ukuxhashazwa kwengane noma ukukhwabanisa). Lezingxabano zifuna isiqondiso esicacile futhi ngokuvamile zidinga ukuhileleka kweseluleko esingokomthetho.

Izinselele Ezisebenzayo Ekusebenzeni

Ngisho nangemithetho eqinile, ukuqamba imfihlo kungaba nzima ukuyenza. Ukuvuza kwemibukiso yokuzwa, ukuveza i-arhente ngesikhathi sokuthola, noma ukuxoxa ngokunganaki phakathi kwalabo abakhona kungayiqeda injongo yokufihla imfihlo. Amaqumrhu aphatha amabhukwana alondekile, aqeqeshe bonke abathatha inxaxheba, futhi agunyaze izivumelwano ezithembekile zokuphulwa. Ukukhipha imfihlo kuphumelela kuphela njengokuvuma kwesimiso ukujezisa ukujeziswa. Ngaphandle kokuphoqeza, ukufutha imfihlo kumane nje kuyinto efunwa yithemba.

Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokulondoloza Isifuba Phakathi Nayo Yonke Inqubo Yokuzwa

Ezinhlanganweni, ochwepheshe bezomthetho namaqembu ahileleke ekuqulweni kwamacala ohulumeni, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukufihla imfihlo kuyaqhubeka kusebenza ngaphandle kokuba yisithiyo sokungakhethi.

Ukuhlela Okuzwayo Neziqondiso Ezivikelayo

Kuseqophelweni lokuqala, igunya lokuzwa kufanele linqume ukuthi imfihlo ifunwa ngokomthetho noma ivunyelwe. Uma kunjalo, uhlelo oluvikelayo kufanele lukhishwe luchaze ukuthi yikuphi ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo, ukuthi kungatholakala kanjani, nokuthi kumelwe kugcinwe futhi kubuyiselwe kanjani ngemva kokuqhubeka. i-paries kufanele ibe nethuba lokumelana nohlelo, kodwa iphutha kufanele livume isivikelo esinengqondo.

Ukusingatha Ngokulondekile Ubufakazi Obungokomzimba Nobezinombolo

Wonke amadokhumende, amarekhodi, obunye ubufakazi kufanele bubhalwe ngokucacile njengemfihlo. Amafayela we-electronic kufanele abhalwe nge-openthist agcinwe ku-server eqinile enezingodo. Amakhophi aqinile kufanele agcinwe emakhabetheni akhiyiwe futhi agcinwe ngeketanga lokugcinwa. Uma izindlebe ziphela, izinto eziyimfihlo kufanele zibhujiswe noma zibuyiselwe eqenjini eliqalwe ukuba liqondiswe.

Iziqondiso Ezinganikezwa OFakazi Nezibukeli

Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale noma yibuphi ubufakazi, bonke abalalela bebodwa kufanele bakhunjuzwe ngezibopho zabo eziyimfihlo. OFakazi kufanele baxwayiswe ukuba bangaxoxi ngobufakazi babo noma ngobufakazi babanye ngaphandle kwezindlebe. Uma izindlebe zivulekile ngokwengxenye, ingxenye eyimfihlo kufanele iphawulwe ngokucacile, futhi abantu abangagunyaziwe kufanele bacelwe ukuba baphume ekamelweni.

Izinqumo Zobuciko Nezifushaniso Zomphakathi

Isinqumo sokugcina kufanele sihlanganise ingxenye echaza noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwayo eziyimfihlo futhi ezibonisa ukuthi zisetshenziswe kuphi iziphetho ezishayelwe. Ukuhlelwa kwesinqumo kudinga ukulungiselelwa okususa amagama, amakheli, ukwaziswa kwezokwelapha, izimfihlo zezohwebo, kanye nokwaziswa okuvikelwe. Lenguqulo yomphakathi yanelisa isidingo sokulandisa kuyilapho ilondoloza izithakazelo eziyinhloko zomuntu siqu.

Ikusasa Lokuthuka Ezindlebeni Ezilawulwayo

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha futhi umphakathi ulindela ukubonakala, izimiso ezilawula ukugcinwa kwezindlebe eziphethe kumelwe zivumelane nezimo.

Ukwanda Kokumiswa Kwesivovo Nezingozi Zokungaguquguquki

Ukuzwa okukude, okwaqala ukujwayelekile phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOID , kuye kwaqala ukuvela okusha. Amavidiyo, ama-logi, ama-log, nezimiso zokuhlela i-electal kuyizici ezingadida. Imishini isungula imithetho yokuvikela amapulatifomu, i-end extōtopénd copyription, kanye nokuqeqesha okuyimfuneko kwabathathi-nxaxheba ekugwemeni ukuthululwa kwe-intevertation phakathi nobufakazi obukude. Inselele kuyoba ukulondoloza ukusebenziseka kwemicikilisho ye-electal ngaphandle kokulahla imfihlo encike ezindaweni eziningi ezithembele kuzo.

Ukwanda Kobizo Lukahulumeni Ovulekile Nobulungisa Bemvelo

Izinhlangano zokuveza obala kukahulumeni nokwahlulela ngokusemthethweni ziphikisa ngokuthi ukuvalwa kwezindaba kungacindezela ngokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi uma kuhileleke amaqembu angenasidingo. Amanye amazwe azama “ukuvala icala” ekulaleleni izindlebe zokuphatha, kudinga ukuboniswa okukhethekile kokulimala ngaphambi kokubeka uphawu noma yisiphi isici somlando. Ezinye ziyaqhubeka zivikela izigaba ezibanzi zezindlebe (njengokuhlolwa kwezezemithi noma izenzakalo zokuphepha) njengemfihlo ngokungakholeki. Ukushukumisana kwalezi zindlela cishe kuyoholela ekuchaseni okuhlukile kwezimiso zemithetho ezisekelwe ohlotsheni lokwaziswa olusemgxotsheni nasezingeni lokufuna isithakazelo somphakathi emphumeleni.

Umbono Wezizwe Zonke Nokuvumelana Nezimo

Izimiso zomthetho ezihlukene zinamasiko ahlukene kakhulu ngokuphathelene nokulawula. E-European Union, i-General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) imisa izithiyo eziqinile ekuqhubekeni kwemininingwane yomuntu siqu, ezithinta ngokuqondile indlela izindikimba eziphatha ngayo ubufakazi. Emazweni avamile anjenge-Canada ne-Australia, izinkantolo zokuphatha ziye zasungula imisebenzi yazo efanayo yokufihla imfihlo. Njengoba izindaba zokulawula ezivalekile ziyanda (umz., izingxabano zezizwe zonke zezokuhwebelana, izenzo ezihlangene zokuqondisa), kuyoba nokucindezela kokuvumelanisa imithetho eyimfihlo ukubambisana ngaphandle kokululaza ukuvikela komuntu ngamunye.

Isiphetho

Ukuqamba amacala okulawula akuyona into eyimfihlo eyimfihlo yezikhulu zomthetho; kuyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi elilinganisela izindinganiso ezincintisanayo zomuntu wesifuba, ukuthembeka, ukungalungi, nokulandisa. Uma lisetshenziswa ngokufanelekile, livikela abantu abasengozini ekuhlazekeni nasekulimaleni, livikela ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi, futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi abenzi becala bayakwazi ukufinyelela iqiniso eliphelele. Ngalesosikhathi, ukufihla imfihlo akumelwe nanini kube yingubo yokuzifihla noma indlela yokugwema ukucubungula obala. Izimiso eziningi eziphumelelayo yilezo ezisebenzisa imfihlo ngokungenaphutha, zithethelela ngokusobala izinqumo zabo zokuqinisa amarekhodi, futhi zinikeza abaphathi bezindlela ezithembekile zokuvimbela ukuxhashazwa. Kunoma ubani ohlanganyela ekulawuleni, ummeli, ummeli, ummeli, noma ufakazi wezikhulu, noma ukulinganisa imithetho eyimfihlo.

Ngokuqaphela isidingo sokufihla imfihlo kanye nokungezwani kwayo okungokwemvelo, ababambi becala bangasebenzela ukuqulwa kwamacala okuqondisa kokubili alungile nanokwethenjelwa. Enkathini lapho ukuphulwa kokwaziswa nokuphulwa kwezindaba zomuntu siqu kuyizihloko eziphambili zansuku zonke, ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kokwaziswa okuyimfihlo kulamaphepha okugcina icala akukaze kube okubaluleke kakhulu.