Ukubaluleka Kokukhulumisana Ngaphandle Kwegama Nolimi Lomzimba Ekukhulumeni

Ukuxhumana okungasho lutho nokukhuluma komzimba kufeza indima ebalulekile ekuzweleni, ekuthonyeni imicabango nasemiphumeleni. Ezimisweni yomthetho, okungasho lutho kungaba nethonya elifana namazwi ashiwoyo, izahlulelo nezinqumo. Nakuba ubufakazi buveza umsuka wanoma yikuphi ukuzwa, amasu angabonakali kahle adluliselwa ngokuzwa, ukuma, ukushukuma, ngisho nokuthula kungaqinisa noma kululaza ukwethemba komuntu. Ukuqonda lezi zimpawu kunika ochwepheshe bezomthetho amandla okuhlola izindaba ngokushelela, ukulindela ukusabela, nokuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ehlukahlukeneyo yokuxhumana okungahambisani okungaqondani okungaqondani okungaqondakaliyo, ukuthinta kwayo imiphumela engokomthetho, ukuqeqesha, izindlela, nokulinganiselwa okufunwa yikho.

Ukuqonda Amandla Kamuntu Ongakhulunywanga

Ukuxhumana ngakunye ekulaleleni kuhilela imikhondo emibili yokuxhumana: amazwi kanye kanye kanye kanye nokungasebenzisi i-palm. Ukucwaninga njalo kubonisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yencazelo edluliselwa ngolimi lomzimba kunokuba idluliswe ngamazwi kuphela. Enkantolo noma endlini yokugcinwa kwecala, lapho zonke izenzo zicushwa khona, ukuthatha amasu okungewona amasela kungakha ukuthembana noma ukusola. Ochwepheshe bezomthetho, abakwaziyo ukufunda nokusungula ulimi olufanele lwendikimba kuyindlela ewusizo engathinta ukulungiselela, ukuhlola, ngisho nokuqonda kokwahlulela.

Izokuxhumana okungekhona okusetshenziswayo kuhlanganisa ukuziphatha okuhlukahlukene: ukubukeka kobuso, ukubuka emehlweni, ukuma, ukushukuma komzimba, iproxemics (ukusebenzisa umkhathi), i-hawinth (ukusebenzisa i-athory), i-athonsi, ijubane, ijubane, ngisho nendawo ezungezile. Uma lokhu kuhambisana namazwi akhulunywayo, kudala umuzwa wokungaboni kahle nokuthembeka. Uma ziphikisana, ziveza ukungaphatheki, inkohliso, noma izinhloso ezifihliwe zokwenza abahluleli, izigqi, nabameli baqaphele ngokunganaki.

Indima Yokukhulumisana Ngaphandle Kokukhuluma Ezindlebeni

Phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala, ofakazi, abameli, nabahluleli bancike kakhulu ekuchazeni ubuqotho, ukuqiniseka, kanye nezimo ezingokomzwelo. Le mibono ihlanganisa ukubonakaliswa kobuso, ukunyakaza, ukuma, nokubheka emehlweni. Ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu kungasiza ochwepheshe abangokomthetho ukuba bahlole ukuthembeka kobufakazi nezimpikiswano. Ngezansi siphula izakhi ezinethonya kakhulu zokuxhumana okungezona ezomthetho.

Amazwi Obuso

Izinkulumo zobuso ziyizibonakaliso ezisheshayo nezinamandla kakhulu zomzwelo. Ubuso bomuntu bungaveza izinkulungwane zezinkulumo ezihlukene, eziningi zazo eziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke emasikweni, njengoba kuboniswa ukucwaninga okuyisisekelo kukaPaul Ekman ngemizwelo eyisisekelo (ukuthopha, ukudabuka, intukuthelo, ukwesaba, ukucasuka, ukucasuka). Ezindlebeni, ukumamatheka okuqotho kungaveza ukuchachachachazela, kuyilapho ukucwinwa okuncane kakhulu kokwesaba noma ukunengwa kungaveza imizwa efihlekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ummangalelwa obamba izindebebebe uma kuvezwe ucezuzwa uvalo ngokunganaki. Ngokufanayo, ufakazi onamajamuza amajazi lapho ephendula umsebenzi wabo ungawumangaza noma angawuzi ukuthi uphi.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukubukeka kobuso ngokuvamile kuzenzakalela, kungathembeka kakhulu kunamazwi. Nokho, abantu bangafunda ukulawula izinkulumo ezithile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphakeme lapho befuna ukuhlolwa khona. Yingakho abaqeqeshi abaningi abangokomthetho begcizelela ukufundwa kwamaqoqo okuziphatha kunokuthembela emazwini afanayo. I-smirk edlulayo ehlangene nokubukwa nokuvinjelwa kwezandla zingabonisa ukudelelwa noma ukungakholelwa, kanti ukuphakama kancane kwamanqe angaphakathi kanye nohlaka olucindezelwe kungabonisa ukudabuka noma ukuzisola.

Ukufakwa Komzimba Nezimbozo

Ukuma okuvulekile nokuqiniseka ngokuvamile kubonisa ukwethembeka nokuqiniseka, nakuba ukushukuma kokuzivikela kungase kusikisele ukukhohlisa noma ukukhathazeka. Ukunyakaza kwezandla, ukunqekuzisa imilomo, noma ukuthatha izikhundla eziguquguqukayo kungasekela noma kululaze amazwi ashiwoyo. Ezindlebeni, ufakazi ohlala ngezikhali eziqinile angabhekwa njengovikelayo, ngisho noma amazwi abo efika.

Imidwebo ingahlukaniswa ibe izinhlobo eziningana:

  • [[NT.0] Izimpawu ezifiphele[ — ukunyakaza okuqondile okuhambisana nezwi eliqondile (umz., isithupha esiphezulu ukuze uvume). Lokhu kuchazwa ngokwesiko futhi kumelwe kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha.
  • [ Izimpawu zophawu olubonisayo — ukunyakaza okuhambisana nenkulumo ukuze kucaciswe noma kugcizelelwe iphuzu, njengokubala iminwe noma ukudweba isimo emoyeni. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukuqonda kodwa futhi kungaveza ukungaqiniseki okucashile uma kujahiwe.
  • Izimpawu zokwenziwa komzimba — ukuzithinta noma ukunyakazisa into (umzk., ukuhlikihla intamo, ukudlala ngepeni). Izinga eliphakeme lezizimo ezikwaziyo ukumelana novalo noma ukungaphatheki kahle futhi zinganciphisa ukwethenjelwa.
  • [[[NT:0] Izinga lokuqondisa — ukunyakazisa okulawula ukugeleza kwengxoxo, njengokushaya umlomo ukuze ukhuthaze ukuqhubekeka noma ukuphakamisa isandla ukuba ume. Ezindlebeni, abahluleli bangasebenzisa ama-comice ukuze baphawule izifiso ukuze basheshise noma behlise ubufakazi.

I-Protope iveza futhi ukuma nokuqiniseka. Umuntu omile emhlane, egobile, futhi ngisho esakaza izinsimbi, uveza igunya. Umuntu onyakazisa isisindo, oshintsha isisindo njalo, noma owehlayo angabhekwa njengozithobayo noma oweqayo. Ama-athotorney ngokuvamile afundisa ofakazi ukuba bame ngokungathathi hlangothi kodwa bavulelele: ukuhlala esihlalweni, izandla zihlezi phansi noma ekhwapheni, nezinyawo zicasha phansi. Nokho, isihluthulelo; ukuma okuklanywe kakhulu kungabonakala kuqinile futhi kubangele ukusola.

Xhumana neso

Ukubheka amehlo kuyisilawuli esinamandla sokwethembana nokunaka. Ekulaleleni, ukulondoloza ukubheka emehlweni ngendlela efanele izimpawu zokuqiniseka, ukwethembeka, nokuthembisana. Nokho, imithetho iyahluka ngokomongo. Ufakazi ogqolozela kakhulu angase abonakale enonya, kuyilapho umuntu ogwema ukubheka emehlweni angase abonakale engathembekile noma egwema. Ukubheka phansi lapho ucabangela umbuzo onzima kungokwemvelo, kodwa ukugwema okuqhubekayo kungokokuphendula umbuzo oqondile kuchazwa njengenkohliso.

Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi abantu bavame ukubheka umuntu abamthandayo noma abamethemba kakhulu, futhi ukubhekana kwabo kukhulisa ukuhlangana. Ezimisweni zomthetho, abakhohlisi bavame ukufakaza ngokulinganisela, ngokubhekana emehlweni ngokulandelana, ngokubhekana ngokulinganayo, ngokubonana nalabo ababheke kude ngokweqile.

Izincwadi Zezindaba: Amandla Ezwi Angaziwa

Nakuba kungokobuchwepheshe, iphimbo lephimbo libhekwa njengengxenye yokuxhumana okungekona okobuphini. Ezindlebeni, iparagani", umqulu, izinga, isigqi , kunikeza olunye ungqimba lwencazelo. Izwi elizolileyo, elizinzile lisikisela ukulawula neqiniso, kanti ukuthuthumela, izwi elipholile lingabonisa ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka. Ukuthula nokuma kuhambisana nobunzima: ukunqikaza ngaphambi kokuphendula kungabonisa ukungaqiniseki noma ukuphoxa, kuyilapho ukuma kungagcizelela ukubaluleka.

Ama-athorney avame ukulungisa iphimbo lawo ukuze abonise igunya noma uzwela. Ngokwesibonelo, umshushisi anganciphisa futhi alulame lapho enikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile ukuze anikeze ukunaka. Ummeli angase amukele umuntu ozozwelayo, okhuluma kakhulu lapho ebuza ufakazi ongavikelekile. Ngokufanayo, amajaji asebenzisa izwi lawo ukuqondisa izinga lokushisa lasenkantolo (ukuzwakala ngokunamandla) angaqeda ukuphazamisa, kuyilapho iphimbo eliqinile, eliqinile liqinisekisa.

Imishini Nokusetshenziswa Kwendawo

Ilungiselelo lefenisha nebanga elingokomzimba phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba lilolonga ukushukuma kwecala. Icala elivamile lenkantolo liphakamisa ibhentshi, ijaji eliseduze, ufakazi umi eduze komahluleli kodwa uhlukile((-reinforces huierriers). Uma ummeli esondela eduze kofakazi phakathi kokubuza, angase andise ukucindezeleka okungokwengqondo. Okanye, ijaji elincibilika phambili ebhentshini lingabonisa ukulaleli noma ukubekezela. Ubukhulu bekhambi, ibanga elisuka ekhamerani ezindlebeni ezikude, ngisho ne-engile yevidiyo bonke banikela ekutheni abasebenzi bezokuhlola i-vidiyo abangebonakali abaqaphelayo.

Kubantu abasemathunjini okuzwa ngevidiyo, i-proxemics iba yi-digital. Ibanga eliya ekhamerani (okuthi iwumbono wesilaleli), i-engile yekhanda, nokubonakala kwezandla kanye nesimo sobuso konke kuveza incazelo. Ufakazi ogcwalisa i-movie nge-video kuphela angase abonakale eseduze kakhulu futhi enamandla kakhulu; umuntu ohlala emuva kakhulu ngesizinda esigcwele angabonakala eqeqeshiwe. Abacwaningi abasemthethweni kumelwe bavumelane nolwazi olungokwesiko olungaqondakaliyo kule nqubo, lapho ikhanda elincane nezimpawu ezincane zingakhuliswanga.

Ithonya Lolimi Lomzimba Eziphumeleni Ezingokomthetho

Ukuchazwa kwekhono lokukhuluma ngemizimba kungayithonya imiphumela yokuqulwa kwecala. Abahluleli nabasizi bathambekele ekuthembeni ofakazi ababonisa ukungaguquguquki nokuzethemba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushukuma komzimba okungaguquguquki noma okungalawuleki kungaholela ekungaqiniseki. Ukuhlola kwezengqondo enkantolo kubonisa ukuthi abagcini bejaji baqala ukuveza umbono wobufakazi esikhathini sokuqala esisekelwe kakhulu ekuziphatheni okungahambisani nomthetho. Lemibono ingaphikisana ngendlela ubufakazi obungaphikiswa ngayo kamuva.

  • [ Intengo egcwele [ — oFakazi ababheka amehlo ngokungaguquguquki, abasebenzisa izimpawu zomzimba ezisesilinganisweni, futhi abame ngokukhululekile baqashelwa kakhulu.
  • Iveza izimo ezingokomzwelo[ — ukuveza okungaqondakali kwemicro kanye nokushukuma komzimba okulungisa isimo kuveza ukwesaba, intukuthelo, noma ukweyisa okungafihla amagama.
  • [ Idlulisela ubufakazi bomlomo — ukukhuluma komzimba okuqinile kuqinisa amagama akhulunywayo, kuwenze akhumbuleke futhi athandwe.
  • Ingabonisa ukukhohlisa [ — Nakuba kungekho zimpawu ezithembekile eziqamba amanga, izimpawu eziningi (umk., ukubheka emehlweni kuyakugwema, ukulungisa, izindlela zokukhuluma eziguquguqukayo) zingandisa ukusola.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ulimi lomzimba luyindida eyodwa kuphela. Isisindo esinikezwa abantu abangasebenzisi i-averbalcues siyahlukahluka ngokwesimiso sombuso kanye nomfini ongokoqobo webhentshi. Ezinhloni, abahluleli baqeqeshelwa ukuthembela ngokuyinhloko ebufakazini nasebufakazini, kodwa abagonyelwanga ithonya elingekho ebhandeni. Kumajaji, iziyalezo zivame ukuxwayisa abagcini bejaji ukuba banganciki kakhulu ngolimi lomzimba, kodwa ukwahlulela komuntu kuqhubeke. Amajaji avame ukusebenzisa izinselele ezilulazayo ukukhetha abakhonzi abakholelwa ukuthi bayokwamukela imiboniso ethile engeyona eyeyo imvume, nakuba lelisu lokuhlola kumelwe lisetshenziswe ngokuqapha ukuze bagweme ubandlululo.

Ukutholakala Kobuqili Nezihibe Zako

Izikhulu eziningi zomthetho nezikhulu zomthetho ziqeqeshelwe ukubona ukukhohlisa okungase kwenzeke ngolimi lomzimba. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa: abaqambimanga bangahlala bebonana namehlo kakhulu kunofakazi abaqinisileyo (ukukhokhelwa), bangandisa ukushukuma komzimba, futhi bangabonisa ukungavumelani phakathi kwamagama namazwi. Kodwa amashumi eminyaka okucwaninga, kuhlanganise nokuqamba amanga kukaVrij nosebenza nabo, kubonisa ukuthi ukuqamba amanga komuntu kuvela ngokunenhlanhla. Ubuchwepheshe bungathuthukisa ikhono lokuqaphela amagama acushwa (ngokufana nokungavumelani ezinganekwaneni) kodwa akukukhuthazi kakhulu ukufunda ama-metalysea angeyo.

Lokhu kulinganiselwa kubalulekile: ulimi lomzimba akumelwe lusetshenziswe njengesisekelo sokwahlulela. Isizinda sempucuko, ubuntu, ukukhathazeka ngenqubo yomthetho ngokwayo, futhi ngisho nokungaphatheki kahle ngokomzimba kungaveza ukuziphatha kokubuka ngokukhohlisayo kubufakazi obuyiqiniso ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ufakazi ovela esikweni lapho ukubheka emehlweni ngokuqondile kubhekwa njengokungahlonipheki kungabonakala kungenanhlonipho kumuntu oqaphelayo waseNtshonalanga. Umuntu okhathazekile ngokwenhlalo angase antengantenge futhi agweme ukubheka ngisho nalapho ekhuluma iqiniso. Ngakho, ulimi lomzimba lubaluleke kakhulu uma luchazwa ngokusekela ubufakazi nokuqonda okusekelwe kuyo.

Ukuqeqesha Nokuqaphela Ochwepheshe Bezomthetho

Izazi zomthetho zivame ukuqeqeshwa ukuba zichaze ulimi olungelulo olunobudoda ngokunembile. Ukuqaphela ulimi lomzimba kuthuthukisa ikhono lazo lokuhlola ubufakazi ngokungenaphutha futhi zenze izinqumo eziqondile. Izikole eziningi zomthetho manje zihlanganisa izilinganiso ezikhuluma ngecala nangendlela yokuxhumana nabantu. Imfundo engokomthetho eqhubekayo inikeza izifundo ezikhethekile ngokufunda ulimi lwendikimba, ukusingatha ukuqulwa kwemibuzo yokugcona ngokunikeza ubufakazi obugciniwe, nokuhlaziya ubufakazi obubhaliwe.

Ukuqeqesha ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

  • Isakhiwo esisekelwe ku- — Ukuqaphela ukuziphatha okuvamile kofakazi phambi kwengxenye ephezulu yendlebe ukuze kuhlulwe ukucindezeleka okubangelwa yinkohliso ehlobene.
  • Ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela [ — Ukubheka imiklamo eguquguqukayo yamacule amaningi kunezimpawu ezinye.
  • Ukuqaphela okungokomklamo [ — ukuqonda ukuthi ukushukuma komzimba kanye nezinkulumo kunencazelo ehlukile emasikweni (umz., isithupha phezulu siyacasula kwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi).
  • Ukubukeza ividiyo — Ukuprakthiza nokuqopha kwezindlebe zangempela ukuze kuchazwe kahle futhi kuncishiswe ukweqisa.
  • [[[INT:0] Ubufakazi obuyi-intelekelelo. — Ukufunda lololimi lwendikimba ekuphenyweni kwamaphoyisa (lapho inkohliso ingase ivame khona) kuhlukile kubufakazi obungekho emthethweni enkantolo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abameli baqeqeshelwe ukulawula ukubeletha kwabo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imilomo. Ummeli ozishaya amehlo, ogwema ukuhlangana namalungu okwahlulela, noma okhuluma ngokushesha kakhulu angalimaza icala lamakhasimende abo. Abameli abaningi abahlolayo bayaziqeqesha ukuba balondoloze isimo esiqinile, basebenzise izitho zomlomo ezivulekile, futhi babheke amehlo ngendlela enengqondo kubenzi bejaji. Ngokufanayo abahluleli baqeqeshelwa ukuveza ukungabi nabandlululo ngokungathathi hlangothi nangolimi lweqembu, ikakhulukazi lapho benquma ukumelana nomthetho noma beyala abajaji.

Ukulinganiselwa Kokuchaza Ulimi Lomzimba

Nakuba ukukhuluma komzimba kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile, akunakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Ukungafani kwempucuko, imikhuba, kanye nezizathu ezisekelwe kuyo kungathonya izimpawu ezingasebenzisi amagama. Ngakho, ukuchaza kufanele kuqaphe futhi kupheleliswe ngokuhlaziya ukukhulumisana. Ngezansi kuyizithiyo ezibalulekile ukuzigcina engqondweni:

  • Ukuphikisana kwe-Cultal — Izimiso zokuthintana kwamehlo, izincazelo zesenzo, kanye ne-proxemics emukelekayo zihluka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, emasikweni amaningi ase-Asia, ukubhekana njngend'ukubonana kwamehlo kubhekwa njengokuphikisana, kuyilapho emazweni aseNtshonalanga kubonisa ukwethembeka. Ummeli obheka kabi ukuhlazisa kofakazi njengenkohliso angakhomba kabi.
  • Ukungafani kobuntu [ — izici zobuntu ezinjengokungalawuleki noma ukudukiswa komzimba kuthinta ukuziphatha okungahleleki. Umuntu ogcinelwe ngokwemvelo angabonakala ekhululekile futhi engazethembi, ngisho noma eqinisile ngokuphelele. Ngokuhlukile, ufakazi we-social nestyheed angabonisa ulimi lomzimba oluzolile, olunesibindi lapho eqamba amanga.
  • Ukucinana kwesimo [ — Ukuzwa kucindezela ngokwemvelo. Uvalo luyimpendulo engokwemvelo futhi lungalingisa izimpawu zenkohliso (umz., ukujuluka, ukubheka emehlweni, ukungingiza). Ofakazi abaningi abaqinisileyo babonisa lezizenzo, ikakhulukazi ezicatshakeni eziphezulu noma lapho bemangalelwa ngobubi ngokwabo.
  • Izici ezingabonakali [ — Ukukhathala, imiphumela eyingozi yemithi, ubuhlungu obungokomzimba, noma ukukhubazeka kwezindlebe/ithelevishini konke kungathinta ulimi lomzimba. Ufakazi ohlala eqinile futhi engenazinkulumo angase akhathale, angagwegwemi.
  • Ukusebenzisa kabi izinjongo — abaqambimanga abanekhono, kuhlanganise nabaculi abakhohlisi abaqeqeshiwe, bangabonisa ulimi lomzimba olukholisayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi baye basebenzisa izimpawu zomzimba ngendlela efanele, babheka amehlo aqinile, futhi bagwema izisetshenziswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abantu abaqotho bangazama ukubonakala bethembekile,” bevela ngendlela ebukelwe ngayo.
  • Ukuvumisa ubandlululo [ — Uma umfinyeleli weqiniso eqala umbono ngethemba lofakazi, bathambekele ekuchazeni ukungaqondi okungaqondakaliyo ukuze baqinisekise lowombono. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthatheni incazelo eguquguqukayo.

Uma kucatshangelwa lokhu kulinganiselwa, imikhuba engcono kakhulu ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ulimi lomzimba njengethuluzi lokunezela kunendlela eyinhloko yokukhipha izinqumo. Ochwepheshe bomthetho kufanele bahlanganise ukuqonda okungasebenzisi izimpawu zobufakazi, izinkulumo zobufakazi, nobufakazi obubhaliwe. Ekuphetheni izimpikiswano, abameli bakhuthazwa ukuba baqokomise ukungavumelani ngamazwi nokusekela amaqiniso, kuyilapho kubhekisa ukuziphatha okungavumelani nomthetho kuphela uma kucacile futhi kungaguquguquki.

Amacebiso Awusizo Okungakusebenzisi Ukusebenzisa Ikhono Lokuzwa

Kulabo abaqeqeshiwe ezingokomthetho nakofakazi abalungiselela ukuqulwa kwecala, ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa ulimi lomzimba ngokuphumelelayo kungathuthukisa imiphumela. Nakhu ukutusa okungathatha isinyathelo:

KoFakazi

  • thatha ukuma okuhle [ — Hlala ubheke emuva, izinyawo phansi. Gwema ukubopha, ukuwela izingalo, noma ukusebenzisa itafula njengesithiyo.
  • [[NTL:0] gcina ukubheka okungokwemvelo emehlweni [[[FTL:1]] — bheka umuntu obuza umbuzo. Zizwe ukhululekile ukubheka phansi lapho ucabanga, kodwa buyisa ukubheka kwakho lapho uqala ukuphendula. Ungagqolozele.
  • [ Gwema ukuqhaqhama [ — Gcina izandla ngaphandle kokuzisebenzisa ukuze ufanekise iphuzu. Ungathinta ubuso bakho, izinwele, noma izingubo ngokuphindaphinda. Uma uthukile, faka izandla kanyekanye phambi kwakho noma uzibeke etafuleni.
  • [ Vumela imizwelo ibonise ngokwemvelo[ [] — Uma uzizwa uphatheke kabi, kuyamukeleka ukubonisa ukudabuka (umz., ukudabula) ngesizathu. Nokho, gwema ukubukisa okungokomzwelo okweqile okungase kubonakale emdlalweni wemidlalo noma ekusebenziseni amandla.
  • Khuluma ngokucacile futhi uhlukane ngephimbo — Izwi elilodwa lingabhekwa njengesithukuthezi noma inkohliso, ngisho noma uqotho. Thulula izwi lakho ukuze ubonise ukungathi sína kwesihloko.
  • Izingubo ngokufanele — izingubo azinalo ikhambi ngokwazo. Izingubo ezihambisana nezimpawu zenhlonipho nezomsebenzi. Gwema ukushayisa izinsimbi ezingaphazamisa.

Ama - attorney NabAhluleli

  • gcina ngaphambi kobuphici — Zinike isikhathi ekuqaleni sokuphawula ukuziphatha kofakazi okuyisisekelo okungekho ngaphansi kokucindezela (umzk., lapho besahlala noma benikeza imininingwane yokuqala).
  • Sebenzisa ulimi lomzimba ukuze ulawule ukuzwa — Ama-Atttorney angadlulisela igunya ngokuma ngokuqiniseka nangokulinganisa izimpawu zezandla. Abahluleli bangaphawula ukuphela komugqa wokubuza ngokulungisa indlela abama ngayo, ukuhlehla ebhentshini, noma ukubheka phansi.
  • Akha indawo ethokomele — Ukunciphisa usongo olucatshangelwayo (umz., ngokusebenzisa iphimbo elithambile noma ukuvuma uvalo lofakazi) kungasiza ofakazi beqiniso ukuba babonise indlela engokwemvelo yomzimba, okwenza ukukhohlisa kubonakale kalula.
  • Qaphela ubandlululo lwakho [ — Qaphela ukuthi ungathonywa ukukhanga kofakazi, uhlanga, ubulili, noma indlela yomphakathi. Cabangela ukuxoxa nozakwakho noma ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola avamile ukuze uhlole umbono wakho.
  • Ukuphawula okungabhekisi phambili okungasho lutho ezimpikiswaneni zokuphetha ngokwezimiso zezimiso [ — bhekisela olimini lomzimba kuphela uma lubhalwe kahle futhi luvumelana nobunye ubufakazi. Gwema ukuqagela. Ngokwesibonelo, “Ukugwema kofakazi ukubheka emehlweni okuphikelelayo lapho echaza intengiselwano eyisihluthulelo kusikisela ukuthi babengakhululekile” kungcono kakhulu kunokuthi“ Ufakazi wayeqamba amanga ngokusobala ngoba bathinta ikhala labo.”

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezindlebe Ezikude

Ukukhula kwezindlebe kuye kwaguqula indlela engadluliseli i-albalcuse. Ushintsho olubalulekile luhlanganisa:

  • [[QULT: 0] Camera indawo — Beka ikhamera endaweni yamehlo ukuze ufanise ukuthintana ngqo emehlweni. Buka ikhamera uma ukhuluma, hhayi isikrini.
  • [[UKWENZIWA:0] Ukukhanya nesizinda — qinisekisa ukuthi ubuso bakho bukhanyisiwe kahle futhi isizinda asithathi hlangothi futhi asisebenzi. Gwema izindawo ezigcwele noma eziyimfihlo.
  • Gwema ukulahleka esibukweni[ — Uma uhlanganyela abathathi-nxaxheba abaningi, qinisekisa ifasitela lakho levidiyo livelele. Sebenzisa umbhobho wezinga eliphezulu futhi unciphise umsindo wesizinda.
  • Lalela amacue ezwi — ngokwaziswa okuncishisiwe, qaphelisisa umsindo, ukuma, nokunqikaza. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi ukubambezela kobuchwepheshe kungabangela ukuma okungokwemvelo okubonakala njengokunqikaza.
  • Sebenzisa isici sokuxoxa ngokuhlakanipha — izinkulumo ezilotshiwe phakathi nokuzwa zingaqondwa ngokungeyikho; khetha ukusebenzisa izimpawu ezivumelanayo (umz., “Mhluleli, ngingasondela?”).

Isiphetho

Ukukhulumisana okungasebenzisi mlomo nokukhuluma komzimba kuyizici eziyinhloko zezindlebe, ziphethe amandla okuthuthukisa noma ukululaza ukwethemba, ukuthonya abenzi besinqumo, futhi zembule imizwelo efihliwe. Ochwepheshe abasemthethweni baqala ukuzazi kahle lezi zimpawu, kanti ngokuqondene nokulinganiselwa kwabo, bazuza kakhulu. Bangakha amacala aqinile, bahlole ofakazi ngokuphumelelayo, futhi baziveze ngegunya nangobuqiniso.

Kodwa ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokuziphatha komuntu kudinga ukuthobeka. Akukho sibonakaliso noma izimpawu ezingaqiniseki. Odokotela abanekhono kakhulu bahlanganisa ukuqapha okungaqiniseki ngobufakazi obuqinile, ukwazi ukuzwa amasiko, kanye nokwazi ukuzivumelanisa. Njengoba izinkantolo zivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe obusha nabantu abahlukahlukene, ukuhlola ukuxhumana okungewona amasu kuhlala kungumsebenzi onamandla, ngokulokhu kuveza ukuthi ubulungisa buqondwa kanjani futhi budluliswa kanjani. Ngokuhlanganisa lokhu kuqonda, isimiso somthetho singasondela eduze kakhulu komgomo waso: izinqumo ezisekelwe kulokho okushiwoyo, kodwa ekuqondeni ngokugcwele kwakho konke okuxoxwayo.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo ngesayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo yokuxhumana okungekona okusemthethweni, cabangela ukuhlola imithombo yezobuchwepheshe e-Melika ye-Ptruchology Association ekukhohliseni, i-Association yePsychology Science[ ukuhlola ukuziphatha kokhetho, kanye neziqondiso ezisebenzayo ze- Georgotown University Legal Psychology Program[FFF:5].