Ikhono lokulawula kwentando yeningi, indlela izakhamuzi ezivamile ezinquma ngayo ukuqondisa imiphakathi yazo, amazwe, nesizwe. Kuyilungelo elinqotshwe phakathi namashumi amaningi eminyaka omzabalazo nomthwalo wemfanelo osekela ukufaneleka kohulumeni abakhethiwe. Nokho, umvoti ophumayo embusweni wentando yeningi, kuhlanganise ne-United States, ngokuvamile uphelelwa isikhathi ngemva kwamanye amazwe athuthukile. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuvota akuyona nje indlela yemfundo; kubalulekile empilweni nasemphindisweni kahulumeni omelele.

Isisekelo Sentando Yeningi: Isizathu Sokuba Kuxoxwe Izinto

Idemokrasi ithola igunya layo emvumeni yababuswayo. Ukuvota kuyindlela eyinhloko leyomvume eboniswa ngayo. Ngaphandle kwenqubo enamandla yokuhlukanisa, ohulumeni bazifaka engozini yokuhlukaniswa nabantu abakhonzayo. Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko zokuvota okubalulekile embusweni wentando yeningi osebenzayo.

Amandla Nezimpawu

Ngezinga elilula kakhulu, ukuvota kunika abantu amandla okusho okuthile ezinqumweni ezithinta ukuphila kwabo. Uma uvota, awumane nje ukhetha ocela ukubhapathizwa; uphawula izinto eziza kuqala ezindabeni ezinjengokunakekela impilo, imfundo, intela, amalungelo omphakathi, nokulondeka kwesizwe. Izikhulu eziqashelweyo, ngokwenkolelo, zinecala lokhetho. Uma i-pareve ephakeme, abaholi bathambekele kakhulu ekusabeleni ezidingweni ezibanzi zezempilo yabo. Ngokuphambene, ukuvukwa kwecala kungayiholela kuhulumeni owehlela umphakathi olinganiselwe, oshukunyiswa kakhulu. [FLT:] [U.U.U.U.U.U.S. Comcim.[F.[FUR.F.F.[F.F.F.Fondation]] [F.1]

Ithonya Enqubweni Yomphakathi

Inkokhelo ayinqumi nje ukuthi ubani ophethe isikhundla; inquma ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezimisiweyo nezishiywayo. Ukuvota okukodwa kungabonakala kungenamsebenzi okhethweni lwesizwe nezigidi zamalungu, kodwa umphumela ohlangene uhlela yonke into kusukela kuyikhodi yentela kuya kwimithetho yendawo ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, umehluko phakathi kokuqondisa komongameli okuhlela isimo sezulu esihlelayo nesinganqunyiwe ekugcineni ngokukhetha okuqhubekayo kwabantu abavoti. Okhetho bendawo bangaba nethonya eliqondenengxenye enkulu, banqume izimo ezifana nemithetho yesikole, ukuhlanganisa imithetho, ukuxhasa imali, nemisebenzi yokuthutha yomphakathi. Lena imithetho ethinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Wonke Amaphuzu Abalulekile Ngempela: Ubufakazi Obuvela Emlandweni

Isaga "yonke imibango yamavoti" ngokuvamile silahlwa njengenhlebo eqinile, kodwa umlando ugcwele izibonelo lapho amachashaza anquma khona okhetho futhi aguqula indlela yezenzakalo. Ukuxosha ukuvota komuntu njengokungasho lutho akunandaba nobuqiniso bezinhlanga eziqinile nomphumela ongathiwa ngabantu abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi izwi labo alinandaba.

Ukukhetha Okudumile

Mhlawumbe isibonelo esikhonjiwe kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika ukukhethwa kukamongameli ka 2000 phakathi kukaGeorge W. Bush no-Al Gore. Umphumela waxhomeke kumavoti angamakhulu ambalwa eFlorida, neNkantolo ePhakeme yase-U.S. ekugcineni inquma lendaba. I-panel yokugcina eFlorida yayingu-373 kuphela yamavoti acishe abe yizigidi eziyisithupha. Ngokufanayo, umjaho weSigele sase-2018 e-U.S eFlorida phakathi kwe-Rick Scott noBill Nelson wanqunywa ngesilinganiso se-ehleza elingu-0.12% — amavoti angaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-10 e-8. Esifundazwe nokhetho, izibophono aziqali kakhulu. Ngo-201717, i House yababe yababethwali bakhona ngokudonsa igama elivela esitsheni ngemva kokuphothulwa kwabantu. Lezi zibonelela ukuthi izibalo ezibumbene kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinqulwini ezinqulwini ezibo ezimisiwe kakhulu.

Umphumela Onamandla Wokwehla

Ngaphandle kokhetho olulodwa, umvoti ophansi unezici ezihlanganisayo. Uma amaphesenti amakhulu ezakhamuzi ezifanelekayo engavoti, i-votorate ayibameleli. Abavoti abadala, abacebile, futhi abafunde kakhulu njalo baphendukela emazingeni aphakeme kunabasha, abangenayo, nabavoti abaphansi. Le-skew evoti ingaholela ezimisweni ezisekela abacebile, njengokuthelwa intela abaholi abaphezulu kakhulu noma ukuncishiswa kwemali yenethilo lokuphepha kwezenhlalo. [i Brennan Center yeJain engcono, futhi ivoti encane] ibhale phansi indlela abavota ngayo abavoti abaxhasi abahlukeneyo abanikela ngayo iminikelo yokunga ekwahlulele. Wonke amavoti ayalahlekelwa ithuba lokuncitshiswa kwesilinganiso sesimiso sokubusa.

Izithiyo Zokusakaza: Ukuqonda Nokunqoba

Naphezu kokubaluleka kokuvota, izakhamuzi eziningi ezifanelekayo zibhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu ezizivimbela ekufakeni ivoti.

Imithetho Ye - Voter Nethonya Layo

Egameni lokhuseleko lokhetho, izifunda eziningi ziye zamisa imithetho eqinile yokuvota. Nakuba izimfuneko ze-ID yezithombe zingazwakala zinengqondo, zingathwesa umthwalo omkhulu ezakhamuzini ezingenayo ilayisense yomshayeli noma ipasi lokungena. Ukuthola i-ID eyamukelekayo ngokuvamile kudinga isikhathi, imali, nokungena emahhovisi kahulumeni, okungabekela inselele asebekhulile, abantu abakhubazekile, abathola abantu abaphansi, nabambalwa abavelayo, nabezinhlanga ezimbalwa. I-ACLU ibeke imithetho eminingi enjalo ibekela inselele [[[[ imithetho enjalo, iphikisa ngokuthi baxazulula inkinga engekhoyo evoti, kuyilapho besusa izinkulungwane zabantu abavoti abasemthethweni. Amanye amazwe aye athatha izinqubo zokuvota, njengaleyo ngokomthetho futhi akhuliswa ukuvota, njengoba iveza imiphumela eyanda.

Izindaba Ezitholakalayo Eziphathelene Nabantu Abakhubazekile

Ukuvota kuyilungelo eliyisisekelo okufanele litholakale kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, kuhlanganise nabavoti abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-38 abafanelekela ukukhubazeka. Nokho izindawo eziningi zokuhlola azifinyeleli ngokomzimba, azikho izintambo eziqinile, iminyango ebanzi, noma imishini yokuvota efinyelelekayo. Abantu abangakwazi ukubona bangase balwele ukulwa nemiklamo engahlelelwanga kahle ubuchwepheshe obusizayo. Imingcele yezokuhamba futhi ithinta labo abangakwazi ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa uhambo olusheshayo. I-Help American Vote Act ka-200 idinga intuthuko, kodwa ukuvumelana nezimiso kuyaguquguquka. Advocyrings amaqembu ayaqhubeka esunduza ukusunduza izimiso zokuklama ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ukuvota kufinyelele ngempela kubo bonke abantu.

Izinselele Zokubhalisa

Inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi nedidayo yokubhalisa ingavimbela abangase bavote, ikakhulukazi labo abathutha njalo noma abanezindlu eziguquguqukayo. Izifundazwe eziningi zifuna abavoti ukuba babhalise amasonto ngaphambili, balahlekelwe abantu abathatha imvume yokugcina umkhankaso. Ukubhaliswa okuzenzekelayo, okuye kwamukelwa yizifundazwe eziningi, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi kwanda ngokubhalisa ukhetho olungcono kunokuba kube yisithiyo esisebenzayo. Nokho, ezinye izizwe zilondoloza imithetho evimbelayo yokubhalisa nokukhipha imishwana ekwazi ukukhipha abavoti abafanelekayo ngenxa yokungavumelani okuncane. Ukubhalisa i-Stilin kungezin ngenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuhlanganyela.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Kulenkathi yezibalo, ukwaziswa okungamanga ngezinqubo zokuvota kungaba yisithiyo esikhulu. Amapulatifomu ezezokuxhumana aye asetshenziselwa ukusakaza izinkulumo ezidukisayo ngamahora okuvota, izimfuneko ze-ID, ngisho nendawo yezindawo zokuvota. Abadlali bamaMaltive bangase bahlasele imiphakathi ethile ngesuntswana ehloselwe ukunqanda ukuvota. Ukulwa lokhu kudinga imizamo eqhubekayo kubaphathi bokhetho, izinhlelo zobungako zokwazi ukufunda nokubhala ulwazi, nokulawula iqiniso okuqinile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele bathembele emithonjeni engokomthetho, njengasezindaweni zokuvota, ukuze bathole ukwaziswa okuqondile ngokuphathelene, ukuthi kunjani, kuphi, futhi kuphi, futhi kuphi lapho kungavotwa khona.

Amasu Okukhuthaza Ukuhlanganyela Emsebenzini Wokuziphilisa

Ukunqoba izithiyo nokwanda komvoti kudinga indlela ehlukahlukene ehilela imfundo, inguquko yezimiso, nokubophana komphakathi. Nawa amasu amaningana aphumelelayo aye avunyelelwa ukuba andise ukuhlanganyela.

Imfundo Nokungenela

Abavoti abaningi abafanelekayo abaqondi inqubo yokuvota, ukubaluleka kokuhlanganyela kwabo, noma indlela amavoti abo axhumanisa ngayo nemiphumela yenqubo. Izinhlelo zemfundo ze-CBIC ezikoleni, emashabhu omphakathi, nakubaphathi abangekho esifundani zingasiza ekususeni inqubo. Izinhlangano ezinjengeNhlangano yabesifazane abavoti bezilokhu ziqhuba izingcingo zokuvota kanye nabavoti amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Izinhlelo ze-OPUNP ezinikeza ukwaziswa okungaboshelwa ngokwayo zinganikeza futhi abavoti ukuba bazizwe beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe futhi benolwazi lapho beya ezindaweni zokuvota.

Ukwenza Ukukhamisa Kufinyeleleke Kakhudlwana

Izinguquko zenqubo zingandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuthatha iqhaza. Ukwandisa ukuvota kusenesikhathi. Kukho ukuvota abantu abanohlelo lomsebenzi oluqinile noma imithwalo yokunakekela ukuze bavote ngesikhathi esibafanele. Akukho-kukhipha iposi ekuvoteni (ukuvotelwa kweposi okungekho sizathu) okuye kwaboniswa ukuthuthukisa ukuvuleka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abadala nabantu abakhubazekile. Ukubhalisa kosuku olulodwa kwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukubhalisa nokuvota ngosuku olufanayo, zithathe labo abangase balahlekelwe isikhathi sokubhalisa. Izizwe ezisebenzisa lezinguquko zibona njalo ukuvota kukhushuliwe kakhulu kunalabo abanemithetho evimbelayo.

Ukulwa Nokwaziswa Okunganembile

Izikhulu zezokukhetha nezinhlangano zomphakathi kumelwe zilwe nokulandisa okungamanga ngokuvota. Lokhu kungahilela ukubambisana nezinkampani zezembutho zomphakathi ukukhipha okudukisayo, izimemezelo zenkonzo yomphakathi, kanye namaqembu okuxhumana okusheshayo. Izikhulu ngokwazo zingasiza ngokuqinisekisa ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba kuhlangane nokubika okusolwayo kuziphathimandla ezikhethayo. Imfundo yokufundela ukubhalisa nokuhlola, ifundisa abantu indlela yokuhlola imithombo nokusebenzisa ubuqili, iyikhambiso elithatha isikhathi eside elilwa nokumelana nokukhipha i-transformation.

Ukuhlanganyela Emiphakathini

Ukuhlanganyela kuyathathelwana. Uma abantu bebona omakhelwane babo, abangane, namalungu omkhaya evota, bathambekele kakhulu ekuvoteleni. Izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini, amasonto, izinyunyana, namaqembu omphakathi angenza indima enamandla ekuqoqeni abavoti. Ukuya ngasemnyango ukuya phambili, ukubhalisa ucingo, nezikhumbuzo zemiyalezo yemiyalezo kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi kwanda, ikakhulukazi uma ukuvota kungokomuntu siqu futhi kufunwa. Ukuvota inqubo yomphakathi, kunokuba umsebenzi othile, kuyisihluthulelo ekulondolozeni izinga eliphakeme lokuhlanganyela.

Ukukhuluma Njengendawo Yokukhulekela: Umbono Womlando

Umqondo wokuthi ukuvota kuyisibopho somphakathi usekelwe ekuzideleni okwenziwa izizukulwane ezazilwela ilungelo lokuhlanganyela. Kusukela kumabhalisa awina amalungelo okuvota abesifazane kumalungu alwela amalungelo omphakathi alwa noJim Crow, i-panchice ayikaze inikezwe ngokukhululekile. Ilokhu ifunwa, ngokuvamile ngezindleko ezinkulu. Ukuqonda lomlando kungashukumisela abantu ukuba bahloniphe labo abalwayo ngokuvota.

Imihlatshelo Yokuba Nelungelo Lokukhuluma

Ama-Afrika ancishwa ngokulandelana kwelungelo lokuvota ngentela yokuvota, ngokuhlola ukuvota, nangokusabisa ngobudlova. Kwathatha uMthetho we-Voting Rights ka-1965 ukuze kuqedwe eziningi zalezi zithiyo, kodwa impi iyaqhubeka nokulwa nezindlela zanamuhla zokucindezela abavoti. Abesifazane bachitha amashumi eminyaka belwa umkhankaso wokuncintisana ngeSichibiyelo sekhulu, esagunyazwa ngo-1920. AmaMelika Omdabuni awazange athole amalungelo okuvota kwaze kwaba ngu-6222. Ukunqoba ngakunye kwakudinga isibindi esikhulu nokuphikelela. Uma izakhamuzi zikhetha ukungavoti, zifaka engozini intuthuko enzima yalabo ababeza ngaphambili.

Ukulandisa Nokubusa

Ukhetho oluvamile luyinqubo eyinhloko yokubeka izikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuba zilandiswe. Uma ukuvota kuphansi, abadunyiswa kungase kuzizwe kuncishiswe kakhulu ukusabela ezidingweni zomphakathi, bazi ukuthi abasekeli babo abayinhloko bangaba abangase bavote. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvota okukhulu, kuvame ukuveza ukukhetha okukhudlwanayo nokusabela okukhulu. Abavota abahlala bekhipha imvume yokukhetha ngokunempumelelo ekunqumeni ukuthi ubani obusayo nokuthi unjani. Impilo yentando yeningi ixhomeke ekuhlanganyeleni ngenkuthalo, ngokufundiswa. Njengoba isazi sefilosofi uJohn Stuart Mill sathi, isenzo sokuvota akusona nje isenzo esilungile kodwa singumsebenzi owenzile — ukuhlanganyela ekubusweni okubumbeni komphakathi.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekuthuthweni Kwemisebenzi Yanamuhla

Ubuchwepheshe buye bahlela indlela abantu abahlanganyela ngayo ekuvotelweni, kusukela kumavota emishini yokuvota nge-electronic kunye nezimiso ze-Internet ezingekho ezisekelwe ku-internet. Nakuba lezi zinqubo zingandisa ukutholakala nokuphumelela, zidala futhi izinselele ezintsha, ikakhulukazi ekulondekeni nakubumfihlo. Izimiso zephepha zisabhekwa njengeziyindinganiso zegolide zokuhlola, kodwa izifunda eziningi ziye zasebenzisa izimiso zokuvota ezinikeza abavoti ngokukhubazeka okungafinyelelekayo. Isihluthulelo siwukulinganisela ukuvumelana nokuvumelana nobuqotho. Ukubhalisa i-ovota kuphumelele kakhulu, ukunciphisa amaphutha nokubhalisa inombolo enyukayo. Nokho, iziphakatho ze-intanethi zokuvola izingozi ezigcwele ngenxa ye-Inthaneti. U Voter uqaphela ukuthi izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe zokusebenza nokuphepha zikhona ezisekwethemba kakhulu endaweni ye-bobo.

Isiphetho: Kuzwakala Ukwethamela Wonke Amazwi

Intando yeningi ayiwona umdlalo oqashelwayo. Kudinga ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ukuze zihlale zinamandla futhi zimelele. Okubalulekile kokuvota kudlulela ngalé kwesenzo somuntu ngamunye sokufaka i-collat; kuyisisekelo lapho kwakhiwe khona uhulumeni oziphendulelayo nenqubo yokusabela. Zonke izindaba zokuvota, hhayi nje kuphela okhethweni oluseduze kodwa ezinqumweni ezilawula ikusasa lesizwe. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuvota, ukuqaphela imingcele ekhona, nokusebenza ngenkuthalo ekuyinqobeni, singakha idemokhrasi ebonakalisa ngempela intando yabantu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokwandisa ukufinyelela, ukulwa kwemibono engalungile, noma ukubonisa nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuvota okunelisa isigaba esiyinhloko, wonke umzamo wokuhlanganyela ekuthatheni inyathelo elifanele futhi elifanele umphakathi. Amandla akhona kubantu kuphela kodwa akhetha ukuba basebenzise. — Uma bekhetha.