Imfundo ye-pic iyisisekelo semiphakathi yentando yeningi, ihlobisa abantu ngolwazi, amakhono, nezimo ezidingekayo ukuze bahlanganyele ngokunenjongo ekuphileni komphakathi. Enkathini ephawulwa ukuncipha komvoti othatha ivoti, ukuhlaliswa ngokwezombangazwe, kanye nokudukiswa okusakazeke kakhulu, isidingo sokufunda izakhamuzi eziqinile asizange nanini kuqiniseke kakhulu. Lesihloko sihlola ukubaluleka okugcwele kwemfundo yezesizwe, izinjongo zayo eziyisisekelo, izinselele ezibhekene nazo, kanye namasu asebenzayo ukuze iqiniswe ezikoleni nasemiphakathini. Ngokukhuthaza, izakhamuzi, ukusekela imfundo yezakhamuzi, akuqiniseki izinhlangano zentando yentando yeningi kodwa futhi kwakha ukuthemba kwezenhlalo okuhlangene ndawonye.

Ukuqonda Imfundo Yesibalo Nenjongo Yaso

Imfundo ye-Civic, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi imfundo yomphakathi, iyimfundo ehleliwe elungiselela abantu ukuqonda nokusebenzisa amalungelo abo nemithwalo yemfanelo njengamalungu omphakathi wentando yeningi. Idlulela ngalé kolwazi olungokomthetho lwezakhiwo zikahulumeni, njengamagatsha amathathu kahulumeni noma inqubo ekhethiwe, ukuhlanganisa izindinganiso nemikhuba esekela ukubusa ngentando yeningi: ukuhlonipha umthetho, ukubekezelela imibono ephikisanayo, kanye nokuzinikela kokuhle. Umbaleki wezemfundo yezemfundo yesizwe [ uchaza imfundo yomphakathi njengesifundo se “demokrasi, umlando, nezimiso zezomnotho zaseMelika zentando yeningi,” kodwa izimiso zayo zisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.

Imfundo yomphakathi ephumelelayo ifundisa ukuba isakhamuzi esisebenzayo [1] hhayi ukuthobela igunya. Ikhuthaza abantu ukuba babuze, ngamabomu, futhi basekele ushintsho. Ngokwezembali, izibalo ezinjengoThomas Jefferson waphikisa ukuthi i-octives ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ubushiqela. Namuhla, ukucwaninga kuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi abathola iziyalezo zezenhlalakahle eziphezulu basengozini kakhulu bayakwazi ukuvota, ukwenza amavolonti, futhi bahileleke enkingeni ekuhambeni kwesikhathi. Ngokufingqamile, imfundo yezakhamuzi i-mossomslofini i-demodential.

Umehluko Phakathi Kwemfundo Yesibili Nemivini

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe- “bivics” njengendawo efundwayo kanye “nemfundo ye-pivic” njengenqubo ebanzi yemfundo. I-CBICO ibhekisela ekufundweni kwemfundo kahulumeni nezimiso zezombangazwe, kanti imfundo yomphakathi ihlanganisa izakhi ezingathi ukufundiswa inkonzo, ukuhlolwa kwekilasi, nokuhlanganyela ekuhlolweni okunjengokhetho lokugconwa noma i-Model United Nations. Le projects ihlela ukuphuhliswa kwamakhono emfundo kahulumeni nezombangazwe [, njengokuphikisana, ukuhlanganisa, nokuhlola isimiso somphakathi, kanye nokuhlola isimiso somphakathi, kanye nolwazi.

Imigomo Nezinhloso Zemfundo Engokwesiko

Imigomo yemfundo yomphakathi idlulela ngalé kokubamba ngomqondo uMthetho-sisekelo noma ukwazi ukuthi isikweleti siba umthetho kanjani. Ngokwe-'i-CPIC inhlangano, imfundo ephumelelayo yezakhamuzi ihloselwe ukufinyelela okulandelayo:

  • Ulwazi lwe-democratic Principles:[ Ukuqonda imibhalo eyisisekelo, izinhlangano, kanye nesisekelo sefilosofi sedemokrasi.
  • [ Izici:[ Ukuhlakulela izimfanelo ezinjengokuhlonipha ukwahlukahluka, umuzwa womsebenzi womphakathi, kanye nokuzinikela ekulungeni.
  • Amakhono okucabanga nawama-Alytical:[ abafundi abazamayo ukuhlaziya izimpikiswano zezombangazwe, baqaphele ubandlululo, futhi bahlole ubufakazi.
  • Amakhono esigaba sokufundisa: ukufundisa indlela yokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yeningi, ukuhlela imizamo yomphakathi, nokusebenzelana nezikhulu zikahulumeni.
  • [[[Umthetho:0] Umphakathi ongenakuguqulwa: okhuthaza abantu ukuba bathathe indima yabo ekulolongeni umphakathi, kokubili endaweni nasezweni.

Ngokwesibonelo, umfundi ofunda ngomlando wamalungelo okuvota (ulwazi) cishe uyoba nomuzwa wokuba nesibopho somphakathi (ukugunyaza) abese ehlanganyela ekufuneni ukubhalisa (ikhono lokuvota).

Izinzuzo Eziningi Zemfundo Yesibalo

Ukuqinisa Ukuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi

Omunye wemiphumela engenakulungiseka kakhulu yemfundo yomphakathi uwukuvota onyusiwe nokuthembisa kwezombangazwe. Ukuhlola kweNational Campaign for Civic and Political Chinement kwathola ukuthi abafundi abafunda izifundazwe esikoleni esiphakeme cishe babesengozini enkulu yokuvota okhethweni lwabo lokuqala abafanelekayo. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba imikhuba yomphakathi eyakheka cishe kusenesikhathi eside kukho konke ukuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo yomphakathi ikhuthaza [[FLT]] usenza isenzo sobufundisi ezimpilweni zokushintsha isimo sezulu zishintshele ekukhetheleni ukwahlulela okungokwenhlalo, ibonisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezifundile azisona nje kuphela ezifundile kodwa futhi zisekela.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukwenziwa Kwesinqumo

Kulenkathi yolwazi oluningi, ikhono lokuhlukanisa izindaba ezikholekayo nenkulumo - ze libalulekile. Imfundo ye-CBIVI ifundisa ukufunda imithombo yezindaba, isiza abafundi ukuba bahlole imithombo, baqonde futhi bahlole amaqiniso. Lelikhono liyiphikisa ngokuqondile intuthuko yokwaziswa okulimaza inkulumo yedemokhrasi. Uma izakhamuzi zihlonyiswe ngamathuluzi okucabanga ahluzekile, azinamathuba okuzixhaphaza futhi zingakwazi kakhulu ukucabangisisa ngezindlela zokukhetha ebhokisini lokubhala.

Ukwakha Ukubambisana Nokuziphatha

Imiphakathi ehlukene idinga izakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela ngenhlonipho ekubhekaneni nokungezwani. Imfundo ye-COBIC ithuthukisa ingxoxo ehlanganisa izingxoxo ezifundisayo[] [1] Izingxoxo ezifundisayo lapho abathathi belalela imibono ephikisanayo ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekuphikiseni. Ngokubonisana nokuhlehliswa, abafundi bafunda ukuthi idemokhrasi alikho ngokuwina noma izindleko kodwa ngokuthola isisekelo esisodwa. Izinhlelo ezihlanganisa izingxoxo ezimayelana nempikiswano ziye zaboniswa ukunciphisa ubandlululo nokwanda kokubekezelelana kwezombangazwe phakathi kwentsha.

Ukukhuthaza Umphakathi Nokubaluleka Kwezomnotho

Izakhamuzi eziboshelwene zinezela ezindaweni eziqinile nakwezomnotho eziqinile. Imfundo ye-COBIL ihlanganisa imisebenzi edinga ukufundiswa umsebenzi esingatha izidingo zomphakathi, njengokuhlanza amapaki, ukuhambisa ukudla, noma ukukhuthaza izinguquko zezimiso zendawo. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwakha amakhono okubambisana kanye nomqondo wenhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphakathi enezinga eliphakeme lokubopha izimali, amazinga aphansi obugebengu, futhi ijabulela imiphumela engcono yempilo yomphakathi.

Izinselele Eziyinhloko Ezibhekene Nemfundo Yesiko Namuhla

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezitholakalayo, imfundo yomphakathi ibhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu eziyenza ingafinyeleli futhi ingaphumeleli.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Nemithombo Yengcebo

Izifunda eziningi zesikole, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisezindaweni ezithola imali encane, azinamali yokunikeza imfundo yomphakathi ebanzi. Izincwadi zingase ziphelelwe isikhathi, futhi othisha ngokuvamile bathembele egumbini elilodwa lezifundo zezenhlalo elincintisana nezifundo ezivivinyiwe njengezibalo kanye nokufunda. Umphumela yizifundo zezezakhamuzi ezijahiswe, ezikha phezulu, noma ezingekho ngokuphelele. Inhlangano yeCarnegie iqokomise isidingo semithombo enikezelweyo nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe yokuvuselela imfundo yomphakathi.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezombangazwe Nempikiswano

Abanye othisha bagwema ukuxoxa ngezenzakalo zamuva noma izindaba eziphikisanayo ngenxa yokwesaba ukukhononda kwabazali noma ukuphazanyiswa kwemithetho. Nokho, lokhu kuphuca abafundi ithuba lokuprakthiza izinkulumo zomphakathi. Uma imfundo yomphakathi ithathwa noma incishiswe, ihluleka ukulungiselela abafundi ukuba babhekane nempicabadala yentando yeningi.

Ukuhlela Imfundo Eningi Kakhulu Nokuhlola Okuvamile

Njengoba kugxile ekuhlolweni kwezihloko eziphambili ze-operacs njengesiNgisi nezibalo, ukuhlola kwezenhlalo kuvame ukulahlwa. I-Civics ivame ukufakwa emlandweni noma ezifundweni zikahulumeni, ithole amasonto ambalwa nje okufundiswa. Ukungahlolwa okuqinile kwemiphumela yesizwe kusho ukuthi izikole azinaso isikhuthazo sokuhlela amakhono esizwe ngokuhlela amanani aphezulu. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zazama ukusingatha lokhu ngokufuna ukuhlolwa kwezezesizwe ukuze zithole iziqu, kodwa ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwe-acellion akufani nokuba isakhamuzi esithembisiwe.

Ukungalingani

Akubona bonke abafundi abathola izinga elifanayo lemfundo yomphakathi. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abanezizinda ezicebile bangaba nethuba lokufunda izakhiwo ezisekelwe kumsebenzi, kanti labo abasezikoleni eziphansi bavame ukubhekana nenqubo yokufundisa nezifundo eziphansi. Lokhu kungalingani kukhuthaza igebe lomphakathi elinamandla, lapho abafundi abanezinzuzo eziphansi nabafundi bemibala abakulungele ukusekela izithakazelo zabo futhi bagcine uhulumeni unecala.

Izinyathelo Zokuqinisa Imfundo Yesibalo

Ukuze banqobe lezinselele, othisha, abakhi bezimiso, nabaholi bomphakathi bangasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezisekelwe kubufakazi. Ngezansi kunezinye izindlela ezithembisa kakhulu.

Ukufuduka Kokufunda Ngalé Kwesimiso Sokusebenzela Izwe

Imfundo ye-pic ayidingeki igcinwe esifundweni esisodwa sezenhlalo. Othisha bangahlanganisa izihloko zomphakathi ezincwadini, isayensi, ngisho nezibalo ngokuhlola izindaba ezinjengesimiso sendawo ezungezile, impilo yomphakathi, noma ukufunda ukwaziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-sayensi yoshintsho lwesimo sezulu ingahlanganisa ingxoxo ngemithetho kahulumeni nezicelo zezakhamuzi. Lendlela yokuhlanganisa i-stadsch iqinisa umqondo wokuthi amakhono omphakathi ayasebenza ezindaweni zonke.

Ukwandisa Amathuba Okufunda Abalulekile

Abafundi bafunda kangcono kakhulu uma bekwenza. Izinhlelo ezihlanganisa abafundi emikhubeni yedemokrasi yangempela yezwe, − njengokulingwa kobudemokhrasi okuyize, uhulumeni wabafundi, noma imisebenzi yomphakathi — ziye zaboniswa njengokwandisa ulwazi lomphakathi kanye nesisusa. Inkonzo-yokufunda ukuthi inkonzo yomphakathi ihlanganisa ukucaciswa kwemfundo iphumelela kakhulu. Uma abafundi bebona ukuthi izenzo zabo zingawenza umehluko, baqala umuzwa wenhlangano ye-[ ibupicbic [ ehlala ikhona.

Izingxoxo Ezinelukuluku

Ukwakha impucuko yekilasi lapho abafundi bengaxoxa khona ngokuphephile ngempikiswano. Othisha badinga ukuqeqeshwa ngamasu okufakelwa aqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amazwi azwakalayo futhi izingxoxo zihlala zihloniphekile. Amafomethi ahlelweyo njenge “Ingxoxo Yezikhulu ZaseSocate” noma“ Ingxoxo Eqinisekisiwe Yempikiswano Ye-Academic” isiza abafundi ukuba baphikisane nhlangothi zombili zempikiswano futhi bafinyelele iziphetho ezicatshangiswe. Ukucwaninga [ku- [Deliteratic Democracy Project[ kubonisa ukuthi izingxoxo ezinjalo zithuthukisa ukubekezelelana kwezombangazwe nokucabanga okugxekayo.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuhlasimulisayo Namathuluzi Emishini

Ama-operatect anikeza ama-inthaneti ama-endroup entsha emfundo yomphakathi. Imidlalo ehlangeneyo njenge-iCbips ifundisa imiqondo kahulumeni ngemidlalo yase-meset. I-inthanethi, amahholo asemadolobheni, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezezokuxhumana kungahlanganisa abafundi abadabuka nge-mitayela. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe kumelwe buhlanganiswe nezifundo eziphathelene ne-ignomethi ye-ignome, kuhlanganise nendlela yokuhlanganyela ngokunakekela izimpikiswano ze-inthanethi futhi ugweme amagumbi okudlala. Ukufaka iziyalezo ebusweni obusethi ngamathuluzi obuchwepheshe kuveza i-projectal efana nezindlela zokuxhumana zanamuhla.

Ukusekela Othisha Abathuthuka Ngobuchwepheshe

Othisha abaningi bazizwa bengakulungele ukufundisa umphakathi ngokuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphikiswayo kwezombangazwe. Izifunda kufanele zifake izimali entuthukweni eqhubekayo ehlanganisa ulwazi olugcwele izingxoxo, ukuqashelwa kwezindaba, kanye nezinqubo ezingokwezimo ezibuhlungu. Ubudlelwane nezinhlangano ezinjenge ye-CBIVIC Education banganikeza izikhungo zokwakha, isikole, nezimiso zobufundisi. Uma othisha beqiniseka futhi besekelwa, bangaba nethuba elikhulu lokukhuthaza abafundi babo.

Ukuhlola Izimiso Zemfundo Eziphumelelayo

Izindlela eziningana zibonisa amandla emfundo yomphakathi ehlelwe kahle. Lezinhlelo zinikeza izikole nemiphakathi imifanekiso efanayo.

Thina Bantu: Izakhamuzi Nomthetho - sisekelo

Njengoba yasungulwa yi-Centre for Civic Education, uhlelo lweWe People lufinyelele izigidi zabafundi kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo ngo- 1987. Lusebenzisa indlela yokuzwa efanayo lapho abafundi befaka khona ngezihloko zomthetho-sisekelo. Lolu hlelo lugcizelela ulwazi olujulile olugcwele, ukubambisana, nokusebenza ngomlomo. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi u-almni ukhuthele kakhulu kwezombangazwe futhi unesibopho esinamandla sokuhlanganyela emphakathini kunontanga yakhe.

Izakhamuzi Zeprojekthi

Iprojekthi yeSintu iqondisa abafundi ngenqubo yokuthola inkinga yesimiso somphakathi emphakathini wabo, ukucwaninga amakhambi, nokuthuthukisa icebo. Uhlelo lufinyelela umvuthwandaba obhekiswe kubafundi abaholi bendawo. Ngokugxila ezimpikiswaneni ezingokoqobo zokwenza izimoto − njengokuphepha kwezimoto, ukuphatha udoti, noma ukuxhasa isikole ngokwezimali, izibona mathupha indlela idemokhrasi esebenza ngayo ezingeni lotshani. I-Project Citizen iye yamukelwa kuwo wonke amazwe angu-50 nasemazweni angaphezu kuka-60.

Izakhamuzi Zesizukulwane

ISintu sesizukulwane siyinto engazuzisi ezisebenzini nezikole zokunikeza “izifundo zomphakathi”. Abafundi bakhetha umagazini wendawo, izingxoxo zomqhubi, futhi basebenzise umkhankaso wokuguqula. Lo hlelo luhlela iphimbo labafundi nenhlangano, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini engahlelekile. Ukuqulwa okungahleliwe kwathola ukuthi abahlanganyeli beSizwe bazuza kakhulu ezindinganisweni zolwazi lomphakathi, ukuzihlolela kobuzwe, futhi ukufeza umkhankaso wokuzifaka phambili kunezindawo zokulawula.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Emfundweni Yanamuhla

Ubuchwepheshe buye baguqula indlela imfundo yomphakathi enikezwa ngayo futhi ibe nokuhlangenwe nakho. Imidlalo enjenge-iCbics inikeza ngesihle, idlalela imidlalo efundisa imiqondo enjengokuhlukanisa imibuso nenqubo yokwahlulela. Izenzakalo ezingokoqobo zingafaka abafundi ezikhathini ezingokomlando njengemihlangano yesifunda noma amalungelo omphakathi. Izezindaba zezenhlalo, uma zisetshenziswa ngokuhluzekile, ziba yithuluzi lokulandelela izindaba zezombangazwe, ukuhlela izenzakalo, nokuhlangana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe.

Nokho, ubuchwepheshe bunezingozi futhi. Imfundo ye-COVIC ihlanganisa izifundo eziphathelene nokuqinisekisa i-intanethi, ukuqaphela ama-flake, nokuqonda indlela ama-tecture athonya ngayo umbono womphakathi. Umgomo awukona ukuvimbela ubuchwepheshe kodwa ukuhlomisela abafundi amakhono okubusebenzisa ngendlela enengqondo njengezakhamuzi ezinolwazi.

Isiphetho: Isidingo Esiphuthumayo Sokuvuselelwa Kwesici

Imfundo ye-bic ayiyona into yokunethezeka embusweni wentando yeningi, okuyisidingo. Ngaphandle kwayo, izakhamuzi azinawo amathuluzi okuziphendulela, zisebenzelane ekunqamuleni ikusasa elingcono. Ubufakazi busobala: izikole ezibeka phambili izifundo zomphakathi ziveza abathweswe iziqu abangase bavote, abavote, abavoti, nabaholi. Kodwa abafundi abaningi bancishwa amathuba okuthola imfundo ephezulu ngenxa yenzuzo engokwezombangazwe, izingcindezi, noma ukunganakwa kwezemfundo yesikole.

Ukubuyisela imfundo yomphakathi kudinga umzamo womphakathi wonke. Abenzi bemithetho kufanele banikeze imali enikezelwe futhi benze imiphumela ibe yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu ezindinganisweni zikahulumeni. Othisha kumelwe bathathe izindlela ezinikeza udumo nezisekelwe ezingxoxweni, ngisho nalapho benomuzwa wokuthi ziyingozi. Izinhlangano nenzuzo ingabambisana nezikole zokunikeza umfundisi, ukuhlangana kwesikole, nokuthuthukisa amathuba enkonzo. Abazali nabanakekeli bangaqinisa izindinganiso zomphakathi ekhaya ngokuxoxa ngezenzakalo zamanje nangezokusungula idemokrati.

Ikusasa lemiphakathi yentando yeningi lixhomeke ekhonweni lesizukulwane esilandelayo lokuhlanganyela ngokuhlakanipha nangokukhuthele. Ngokutshala imfundo yomphakathi namuhla, asifundi nje amaqiniso ngohulumeni(-) asigcini ngokukhulisa izakhamuzi ezithembisene, ezicabangelayo ezizolondoloza idemokrasi iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo simanje.