Abaphathi bezwe − abaqondisi bezwe, abaphathi-mikhosi, abaphathi-mfundo, onobhala bezemfundo, kanye namakhanda ezinhlangano zokwenza ithonya eliqinile ekuqondiseni imfundo ephakeme e-United States. Ngezihlongozo zemali, izikhungo zezikhulu, izikhundla zokwahlulela, nemigomo yomthetho, bahlela izimiso ezithinta izigidi zabafundi, abaphathi bemfundo, nezisebenzi. Izinqumo zabo zinquma ukuthi amakholeji omphakathi axhaswa kanjani, ukuthi ukufinyelela kwendisiwe noma kulinganiselwe, ukuthi izinga lilinganiswa kanjani, nokuthi izinhlangano zihambelana kanjani nemisebenzi kanye nemigomo yokuthuthukisa intuthuko yezomnotho. Njengoba izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe ezinomthwalo wemfanelo eziphethe ekutholeni inqubo yemfundo ephakeme kahulumeni, izikhulu zikahulumeni ziyinhloko ekushintsheni imfundo ephakeme eqhubekayo eMelika.

Indima Ehlukahlukene Yezikhulu ZoMbuso Emfundweni Ephakeme

Abaphathi bezwe basebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kweziza kuqala zemithetho, iziqu zomthetho, nokuzibusa komphakathi. Nakuba ababusi bengabaphathi ababonakalayo kakhulu, ithonya labo lidlulela ngamahhovisi emfundo ephakeme, ngamabhodi ahlangene, nangabaqondisi bezinhlangano abasebenzisa isimiso. Indima iyahluka-hluka ngombuso /abanye banegunya eliqinile lokubusa, abanye banikeza igunya elikhudlwana emabhodini ezindawo zokuhlela − kodwa kuzo zonke izimo, igatsha eliphethe lihlela indlela yenqubo yemfundo ephakeme.

Igunya Lokusebenzisa Imali Nokuthutha Kwemithombo Yemali

Mhlawumbe isixhaso esiqondile yimali kahulumeni yokuhlela imali. Abaphathi bahlongoza amasu okusebenzisa imali minyaka yonke ahlela ukuxhasa amakholiji omphakathi, amayunivesithi kahulumeni, kanye nezikhungo zokucwaninga. Lezi zihlongozo zibonisa izinto eziza kuqala zesikhulu: ukutshala izinhlelo ze-STEM, ukwandisa usizo olusekelwe ezinhlanganweni, intuthuko yenhloko, noma ukuvikelwa iqhwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2023 uMbusi Gavin Newsom wase California wasikisela iphakethethekishini yemali yeminyaka eminingi yeYunivesithi yaseCalifornia State University neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia ehlanganisa ukwandisa izimali ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni kwe-metrics. Ngokufanayo, uMbusi uGreg Abbottle waseTexas ugcizelele imiphumela esekelwe ekusekeleni izinhlangano ezinhlanganweni abafundi emasimini aphezulu.

Lapho uhlelo lwemali selumisiwe, izikhulu zikahulumeni zengamela ukubulawa kwalo ngezinhlangano eziphethe imfundo ephakeme zezwe (SSEEOs). Ziqinisekisa ukuthi imali isakazwa ngokwenjongo yomthetho futhi izinhlangano zivumelana nezimfuneko zokubika ngokwezimali. Lendima yokwengamela ibalulekile ekulondolozeni ukwethenjwa komphakathi kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wemali.

Ukumiswa Kwezibhodi Nezimemezelo Ezibusayo

Abaqondisi bezwe bamisa inani elikhulu lamalungu aseyunivesithi ebhodini yabaphathi abaphathiswayo, abaphethe amabhodi, namabhodi okuqondisa. La manxusa alawula ngokuqondile ukubusa kwezemfundo, kuhlanganise nezinqumo zezifundo, nezokusesha umongameli. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi waseFlorida uRon Desantis ubuye waguqula iBhodi likahulumeni loMagunya namabhodi aseyunivesithi ngokumisa ukuhlangana nezifundo zakhe eziphezulu, ukugxila ekufuneni umsebenzi nokufuna umsebenzi nokufuna ukuthatha iziqu ezilinganiselwe.

Amandla okumisa adlulela kwikhomishane yesifundazwe njenge-Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education, exhumanisa inkambiso enqamule izinhlangano. Ngalokhu kumiswa, izikhulu zingahlela izinqumo zazo zenkambiso, `ekutholeni imali, ukulandisa, noma ukusungulwa kwemfundo ephezulu kahulumeni.

Iziqondiso Zesimiso Sezokuqondisa

Abalawuli banganikeza iziyalo zezikhulu ezimisa izinguquko ezisheshayo ngaphandle kwemvume yomthetho. Lezi ziyalezo zingakhuluma ngezihloko ezifana nemfundo engabhaliwe ephezulu, izinqubo zesikole zenkululeko yokukhuluma, noma izinhlelo zokuthatha isinyathelo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2020, uMbusi waseMassachusetts uCharlie Baker wasayina uhlelo lwezikhulu lokumisa iKhomishane kaMbusi weSigunya eMnyango wePostSecondary Institutions ukuze asekele ukusungulwa nempumelelo emfundweni ephakeme yomphakathi. Iziqondiso zikahulumeni zivumela abaphathi bezwe ukuba bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ezindabeni ezicindezelayo, nakuba bengase babhekane nezinselele ezingokomthetho noma bathathelwe umthetho.

Ukuxhasa Nokuhlela Imali: I - Engine of State Early Education Policy

Indlela ababeka ngayo imfundo ephakeme mayelana nemali esetshenziswa uhulumeni ebanzi ayithinti nje kuphela amazinga emali nemithombo yezinhlangano kodwa futhi nokuncintisana kwezomnotho nokuhamba kwezenhlalo.

Ukuthambekele Kwemizwa Kahulumeni Nethonya Layo

Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, izimali zikahulumeni zemfundo ephakeme ziye zathola i-ENCP. Phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho, umnotho kahulumeni uvame ukunciphisa imfundo ephakeme ngokungenakulinganiswa; ezikhathini zokubuya, ekuxhaseni imali kungase kungabuyeli emazingeni angaphambi kokwehla konyaka ka-2001. Ngokwe- i-Stateltive Profecutive Adminitive Adminitive Offices Association (SSEO),[FLT], ngokwemali kahulumeni ekhona ngo-2023 ishiyekile cishe ingu 17% ngaphansi kuka-200000 lapho ihlelwa ngenxa yokwehla kokwenyuka komnotho. Izikhulu zikahulumeni kumelwe zihambe kule ndawo lapho zifuna izindleko ezikhungezwayo zezempilo eziphikisanayo kuK-12, ezokunakekela impilo, kanye nezemisebenzi.

Abanye ababusi baye basekela ukutshala imali ekhushuliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi u-Illinois J.B.Pritzker wango-2024 wahlanganisa ukwanda kwemali kahulumeni emalini ephumayo engamaphesenti angu-7 emayunivesithi omphakathi, enezabelo ezithile zamakholiji omphakathi nezifundiswa ezisekelwe ekwakheni komphakathi. Abanye, njengoMbusi u-Oklahoma uKevin Stitt, baye baphishekela izigelekeqe ezisekelwe ekusekeleni umsebenzi ezisekela ukuhloba izilinganiso zemali ezinjengamanani okuthweswa kweziqu nokufakwa emsebenzini.

Inqubo Yokufuna Ukuzitika Nezinyathelo Ezifanele

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zivame ukuhola imizamo yokulawula ukukhushulelwa noma ngisho nokukuyeka udonga. Ngo-2022, uMbusi uKathy Hochul waseNew York wasikisela “Uhlelo lwe-Tudition Freeze and Investice”, olwagcina i-SUNY ne-CUNY isendaweni ephezulu ukuze kuxhaswe izimali ezengeziwe zikahulumeni. Ngokufanayo, uMbusi Roy Cooper wase-North Carolina usekelele njalo ekugcineni ukuncipheni kwenani elingaphansi kokwehla kwamandla enqubo ye-UNC.

Abaphathi futhi bathonya izinhlelo zosizo lwezimali. Ngezihlongozo zemali, bangandisa noma babeke imingcele yosizo oludingayo, bafanelwe ukukhokhelwa, nezinhlelo zokuboleka intethelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi Gretchen Whitmer waseMichigan wasungula uhlelo “iMichigan Reconnet”, ukunikeza abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-25 nangaphezulu ukungenela kwezenkambiso eziqondile ezihloselwe ukwandisa amakhono emfundo nemisebenzi.

Ukutshala Imali Nokufundisa Enhloko - dolobha

Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yezimali, izikhulu zikahulumeni zivumela ukukhokha imali egciniwe yezakhiwo ezintsha, amagumbi okucwaninga, kanye nobuchwepheshe obungcono. Lokhu kutshala izimali kubumba izakhiwo ezingokoqobo nezezobuchwepheshe. Icebo lomphathi wesikhungo lingase libeke izakhiwo ezintsha zobunjiyela emayunivesithi ahamba phambili, ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo zomphakathi zasemakholijini agugile, noma ukwanda kokungena okudakiwe okungena ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Ukuxhasa izimali eziyinhloko kungathuthukisa ukucwaninga nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabafundi.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimiso Zokusebenza Nezenzo: Ukusuka Embonweni Kuya Ekutheni Kungokoqobo

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zisebenza nezishaya - mthetho, abahleli bemithetho, nabaholi bezinhlangano ukuze zakhe futhi basebenzise izimiso ezithinta zonke izici zemfundo ephakeme (8) impumelelo yabafundi, ukuhleleka kwezisebenzi nokulandisa.

Ukuphuma Nendlela Yokuthola Imvume

Abaqondisi bezwe bangathonya ukuthi obani abazuza imfundo ephakeme. Abanye ababusi baye babhebhethekisa “izinqumo ezizinhlondla” ukungeniswa kwezimiso noma ukuvunyelwa okuzenzekelayo kwabafundi abavela ezweni elihlangabezana nezimiso ezithile. Abanye baye bathatha isinyathelo sokuvuma. Ngemva kwesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ] Izimfashini ze-Fair Adgicts v. Harvard [2023], ababusi abambalwa bakhipha iziyalezo zesikhulu ezicacisa noma zokulungisa izimiso zikahulumeni eziqondisa ukuvuma kohlanga okungenangqondo. Isibonelo, u-Daguver Gavin Newsom oyaliwe ukuba aqhubeke esebenzisa amayunivesithi omphakathi okubukeza phakathi kwemithetho engokomthetho.

Ezimisweni ze-tuations zabafundi abangabhalwanga zibuye zibe ngaphansi kwethonya lezikhulu. Ababusi abaningi baye basayina imithetho noma bakhipha iziyalo zezikhulu eziphetheyo ezivumela abafundi abangabhaliwe abafunda izikole eziphakeme ukuba bakhokhe intela yesifundazwe. Ezimweni ezinjengeTexas ne California, lezi zinqumo ziye zanweba ukufinyelela kwezinkulungwane zabafundi.

Ukuthuthukiswa Nokuhlelwa Kwezisebenzi

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zibheka imfundo ephakeme njengomshayeli wentuthuko yezomnotho. Zisekela izinhlelo ezihlanganisa izinhlelo zemfundo nesidingo semisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi Tate Reeves wase Mississippi wasungula inyathelo lokwandisa i- “Blottppippis” yezakhamuzi ezinezitifiketi zangemva kwesekondali ezisemikhakheni enjengezempilo, ezokwakha ezithuthukile, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa.

Ababusi abaningi baye bakha “izinhlelo zokunakekela” ezihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa komphakathi emakholijini kanye neziqu zezemboni. Umbusi wase-Indiana u-Eric Holcomb wamisa i-“Isigaba Esilandelayo semisebenzi” uhlelo, olunikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhululekile emaqenjini aphakeme aphansi ngesimiso somphakathi somphakathi wekholiji. Lezi zinyathelo zibonisa indlela izikhulu zikahulumeni ezingasebenzisa ngayo iziteshi zezimiso ukuze zisebenzise iziteshi eziqondile emagebesini amakhono okukhuluma.

Ukulandisa Nesiqinisekiso Sezinga Elifanele

Abaphathi bezwe bengamele izimiso zokulandisa ezilinganisela ukusebenza kwenhlangano. Izimiso ezivamile zihlanganisa izilinganiso zokuthweswa iziqu, isikhathi ngokwezinga elithile, amazinga okungakhokhwa kwabafundi, kanye nokufakwa kwemisebenzi. Ababusi abaningana baye basekela “imali esekelwe ekuxhaseni” ekhokhela izinhlangano zokuhlangana nezisulu ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi uBill Haslam’s“ kuya ku 55” ukuthatha isinyathelo (ukuthwesa ama-5% ama-Tenessean nge-postsecondary project ngo-2025) kwasekelwa ngenkokhelo yezimali eyabelwa izinhlangano zezinhlangano zokuhlangabezana nezisulu ezithile.

Ukulandisa kudlulela ekubukezweni kwezifundo zohlelo. Abaqondisi bezwe bangafuna izinhlangano zomphakathi ezithethelela izinhlelo eziphansi noma ukuqina. EPennsylvania, uMbusi uJosh Shapiro wasebenza neState System of Education ukuze ahlanganise amayunivesithi ayisithupha abe yizinto ezimbili, ehlose ukunciphisa izinhlelo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

Ithonya Lokuthola Imfundo Ephakeme Nezinga Eliphakeme

Izinqumo zezimiso zezikhulu zikahulumeni zinemiphumela eqondile, engenakubekelwa imingcele kubafundi nasezinhlanganweni. Uma izikhulu zihlela ukufinyelela, ukubhalisa phakathi kwamaqembu angawatholanga kahle, izinhlangano zingakhanga izisebenzi eziphambili, izakhiwo eziphezulu, nokucwaninga okwengeziwe.

Izinyathelo Zokukhetha Ubulungisa Nokuhlangana

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zingathuthukisa ukulingana ngokuhlasela imithombo yezimali emiphakathini egciniwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi uMichelle Lujan Grisham waseNew Mexico wasungula i- “New Mexico Opportunity Scholarship” ehlanganisa ukukhokhela nokukhokhela zonke izakhamuzi emakholiji omphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iholo lithola malini. Lesi sinyathelo sanciphisa kakhulu imingcele yezimali kanye nokujoyina inani eliphansi labafundi.

Ngokufanayo, ababusi bangasekela izinhlangano ezisebenzisa idlanzana (MSI) njenge-Cregenacal Black kolishi namayunivesithi (HBCUS) kanye namakholiji esizwe. Ngo-2021, iqembu lababusi bamabhiparti elihlanganisa uRalph Northam (iVirgeia) noRoy Cooper (iSilato) basayina iziyalo zezikhulu zikahulumeni eziyala ukuba zandise ubuhlobo kanye nezimali ze-HBCU.

Ukuvuselela Nokusekela Kokucwaninga

Abaphathi bezwe bakhuthaza ukucwaninga nokusungula. Ngokufaka izimali emayunivesithi okucwaninga, bangakhuthaza ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho ngokudluliswa kobuchwepheshe nangokuqalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi waseMichigan “Michigan Economic Development Corporation” unikeza izimali emayunivesithi okwenza ukucwaninga kwezentengiselwano. UMbusi wase Ohio uMike Dewine wahlanganisa izindleko zemali eziyizigidi ezingu-600 ze-“Ohio Innovation Exchange” ukusekela ukucwaninga okusekelwe eyunivesithi kumasayensi esayensini yezesayensi yamakhemikhali nakusungule ukusungula.

Abaqondisi banendima futhi ekuvikeleni inkululeko yezemfundo futhi babusa kanye, nakuba lokhu kuhlukahluka. Abanye ababusi baye bangenela ukuze bathonye izinqumo zezifundo zangemva kwesikole noma izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, kuyilapho abanye beye bagcina indlela yokubhekana nezenzo. Ukulinganisela phakathi kokulandisa nokuzibusa kuseyimpikiswano.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezikhundla ZoMbuso Ezemfundo Ephakeme

Naphezu kwethonya labo, izikhulu zikahulumeni zibhekana nezinselele ezinkulu ezingaphazamisa ikhono lazo lokumisa isimiso semfundo ephakeme ephumelelayo.

Iziphazamiso Eziphambili Nezici Eziningi

Imali ehlelwa uhulumeni iyimidlalo edinga impoqo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali eshisiwe ukuze kulungiswe, kukhathalelwe impilo, noma ezokuhamba kuvame ukubangelwa yizindleko zemfundo ephakeme. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, amazwe amaningi anciphisa izimali zemfundo eziphezulu ukuze ahlanganise izindleko eziphuthumayo. Ukululama akulingani, futhi ezinye izifunda ziyaqhubeka zijabulisa izikhungo zomphakathi. Izikhulu zimelwe zenze ukukhetha okunzima okungavumelani nezinto eziza kuqala.

Ukwanda Kwezombangazwe Nokuhlolwa Komphakathi

Imfundo ephakeme iye yaba yindawo yempi yezombangazwe. Izihloko ezinjengezimpi zezombangazwe, ukukhuluma emagcekeni, izinhlelo zezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene, nemibono yezinhlanga egxekayo ibangela ukuphikisana okukhulu. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zibhekene nokucindezela okunamandla nhlangothi zombili − kulabo abafuna ukuqapha okwengeziwe nalabo abavikela ukubusa kombuso. Ukuhlukanisa lezi zigaba kudinga ikhono lezombangazwe nokuzimisela ukuyekethisa, kodwa kungaphumela ezimisweni ezinganeliseli iqembu.

Iziqondiso eziphethe kanye nokumiswa kuvame ukubekelwa inselele enkantolo noma izishaya-mthetho. Ezizweni ezinohulumeni ohlukene, uhlelo lwemfundo ephakeme lombusi lungaphikiswa abamisi-mthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, imizamo yokwakha izimali ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni ngezinye izikhathi iye yaphela uma abamisi-mthetho bephikisana ngemiyalo noma ukwesaba okulimaza izinhlangano zasemaphandleni.

Ukuncipha Kwezibalo Nokubhalisa

Izifunda eziningi zibhekene nokuncipha kwamanani okuzala kanye nenani elinciphayo labathweswa iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho-mpumalanga naseMidwest. Lezi zingcindezi zenani labantu ukuba zincintisane nabafundi kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni ukuze zicabangele ukuhlanganiswa, ukukhishwa kwezinhlelo, noma izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izisebenzi. Izikhulu kumelwe futhi zibhekane nezidingo zendikimba yabafundi ehlukahlukene kakhulu, kuhlanganise nabantu abadala abadinga ukuqeqeshwa kabusha nabafundi basekolishi abadinga ukusekelwa okwengeziwe.

Ukulandisa ma-autonomy

Ukulinganisela kahle phakathi kobuphathi bukahulumeni nozimele kwenhlangano kuyinselele ephikelelayo. Izimiso zangaphambi kokubhalwa kwezincwadi zingavimbela ukusungulwa kanye nezinhlangano ezisindayo ngezindleko zokulalela. Kodwa ukulandisa okuncane kakhulu kungaholela ekuthunjweni, ekuthatheni imiphumela engalungile yabafundi, noma ekusebenziseni kabi ngokwezimali. Iziphathi zikahulumeni kumelwe ziklame izinqubo ezinenjongo kodwa ezingami kakhulu.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zokuba Umholi Ophethe Uhulumeni Emfundweni Ephakeme

Njengoba indawo iguquka, izikhulu zikahulumeni kuyodingeka zisebenzise izindlela zokubheka phambili ukuze zihlangabezane nezimfuno ezivelayo.

Ukushintsha Izinombolo Nokufunda Kuyi - Internet

Isifo sandisa ukuthathelwa phambili kwe-intanethi ne-produced. Umholi ophethe angasekela izikhungo zokwakha izakhiwo zezimiso eziphezulu ezilinganayo, izisebenzi zokuqeqesha, kanye nezinhlelo ze-inthanethi yokufaka ama-athom. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengo-Arizona ngaphansi koMbusi uDoug Ducey, ziye zasungula i-inthanethi efunda i-consicia ukuze abafundi abakude bakwazi ukufinyelela. Izimiso zesikhathi esizayo zingathintana no-equiny, ziqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi banakho ukungena kolwe-inthaneti nemishini ethembekile.

Ezinye Izizathu Nemfundo Yokuphila Konke

Njengoba inguquko yezomnotho iqhubeka, izikhulu zikahulumeni zisekela imfundo esekelwe ekuncintisaneni, izikhundla ezincane, nezitifiketi ezibekwa phezulu. Lezi zikhombi ezingezizo amadegremu angokwesiko zingasiza izisebenzi ukuba zithathe iziphakamiso ngokushesha. UMbusi waseWashington Jay Inslee “Umxhumani ne Washington” uhlelo lwakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwabaqashi, amakolishi, nabaqeshi abaqeqeshela ukunikeza imfundo esekelwe emsebenzini neziqinisekiso. Abaqondisi bangasekela futhi ngaphambi kokuba abafundi bafunde, bavumele abafundi ukuba bazuze izimali zolwazi lomsebenzi.

Umthetho Wemininingwane Nezibikezelo

Abaphathi bezwe basebenzisa kakhulu ukwaziswa ukuze bazise izinqumo. Ngokufaka izimali ezimisweni zemininingwane ezithatha isikhathi eside ezwe lonke, bangathola impumelelo yabafundi kusukela kuK-12 kuya ekholijini kuya emsebenzini. Lokhu kwaziswa kusiza ekuboneni amagebe, ukuphumelela kohlelo, nemithombo yezisulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Texas High Education Coordiniting Board isebenzisa isimiso semininingwane esiqinile ukuze ibike ngemiphumela yezeziqu zezwe futhi iluleka umbusi nomphathi wendlu yomthetho.

Ukuhlobana Kwawo Wonke Amazwe Namahlelo

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zingandisa ithonya lazo ngokubambisana ngokwezifunda. Ama-miltytate, njenge-Western Interstate Commission for Education (WICHE), avumela ukuphana ngempahla, ukuhlanganisa imishini, nokuhlolelana. Abaqondisi bangasebenzisana futhi nabaqashi ngabanye ukuze basungule izinhlelo zokuqeqeshela futhi baqinisekise ukufakwa kwemisebenzi kwabathweswe iziqu ezisezikhungweni zikahulumeni. Imisha yamazwe adinga ukuphathiswa impathi yempathi yempa ephezulu ukuze ivumelane nezisusa ezisemfashinini.

Isiphetho

Abaqondisi bezwe bangabaklami ababalulekile bezimiso zemfundo ephakeme. Ngezihlongozo zemali, izinqumo, iziphathi-magunya, nokulawula kwemithetho, bahlela amazinga okuxhasa imali, amathuba okuthola imfundo, izinga lemfundo, kanye nokuhleleka kwemisebenzi. Izinqumo abazenzayo zibekwa phambili (nezikhungo) ezithinta abafundi, abaphathi bezemfundo, nabezomnotho zikahulumeni iminyaka ezayo.

Ukuze babhekane nezinselele zekhulu lama-21 .emographic, ukuphazamisa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukunqanda imingcele, nokulawula kwezombangazwe kudinga ukuqondisa okunengqondo, okungokobungangamsha. Kumelwe balinganisele ukulandisa ngokuvumelana nokuvumelana nobuhle, nokulandelana kwesiko nokuqamba. Uma bephumelela, bavulela izigidi zezakhamuzi amandla okuguqula imfundo ephakeme. Ikusasa lemfundo ephakeme yaseMelika lixhomeke kakhulu, embonweni nasezenzweni zezikhulu zikahulumeni eziyiqondisayo.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe enkambisweni yemfundo ephakeme kahulumeni, bheka imibiko evela ku- Commission of the States, i-Stateographist Adminitive great Office Association[, kanye ne-[FLT]LT]LT [