Table of Contents

Indima Ebalulekile Yeziqondiso Zomphakathi Ekubuseni Komphakathi Kwanamuhla

Izikhulu zomphakathi zinesikhundla esiphezulu sokuphathiswa okunamandla: ziphatha imithombo yomphakathi, izimiso zokulungisa, futhi zenze izinqumo ezithinta ngokuqondile ukuphila kwezigidi. Enkathini eyandayo yokuhlola, ukuqondisa okuyinkimbinkimbi, namathemba ezakhamuzi, ukuba khona kweziqondiso eziqinile zokuziphatha kuye kwaba isisekelo sesisekelo sempumelelo nesobukhomba-mthetho. Lezi ziqondiso azizona nje izimiso ezingekho ngokocansi; ziyizimiso eziwusizo eziguqula izindinganiso ezinjengobuqotho, ukubonakala, nokulandisa zibe yiqiniso, izindinganiso zokuziphatha eziqikelelwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka okubalulekile kweziqondiso zokuziphatha zezikhulu zomphakathi, sihlola injongo yazo yesisekelo, izinselele ezisekusebenzeni kwazo, nemikhuba engcono kakhulu engaqinisa ithonya kwazo ekulawuleni kwazo kwanamuhla.

Ukuqonda Iziqondiso Zesayensi Yemvelo: Izisekelo Nemisebenzi Yesakhelo

Iziqondiso ezingokwezimiso zezikhulu zomphakathi ziyizimiso ezihlangene, imithetho, nezindinganiso ezibusa ukuziphatha kwazo okusemthethweni. Zisebenza ekuqondiseni ukuziphatha okumukelekayo, zivimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla, futhi zihlanganisa izenzo zezisebenzi zomphakathi nesithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini. Nakuba lokho okuqukethwe kungase kuhlukahluka phakathi kwemithetho, iziqondiso zokuziphatha ngokuvamile zikhuluma ngezindawo eziningana eziklanyelwe ukusekela izindinganiso zentando yeningi nobuqotho benhlangano.

Izingxenye Zeziqondiso Ze - Ethical

  • I-Confuct of Faith Management: Amalungiselelo afuna izikhulu ukuba zigweme izimo lapho izithakazelo zomuntu siqu, ezingokwezimali, noma zezezezimali zingathonya ngokungafanele imisebenzi yazo engokomthetho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithetho yemithetho yezesikhala, yemisebenzi yangemva komsebenzi, kanye nokudalulwa kwempahla kanye nezingxabano ezingase zivele.
  • [[QULT:0] Indinganiso ne-Displasure: Izimfuneko zokukhulula ngokuphathelene nokwenza izinqumo, ukusebenzisa izimali zomphakathi, nokuthembisana nabangenisi noma amaqembu enzalo. Ukubona ngale kuvumela izindikimba zomphakathi nezabebezo ukuba zigcine izikhulu zinecala.
  • Imishini yokulandisa: izinqubo ezicacile zokuqinisa izindinganiso zokuziphatha, kuhlanganise nezinqubo zokuphenya, izenzo zokuyala, kanye nezindlela zokukhalaza komphakathi. Ukulandisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi ophukayo unemiphumela esobala.
  • [ Izindinganiso ezibopha izikhulu ukuba zenze ngokwethembeka, ngokungakhethi, futhi zingabandlululi, ziphathe zonke izakhamuzi ngokulinganayo futhi zigweme ukukhetha noma ukucwasa.
  • [[[I-FLT:0] Iziqondiso ezisemthethweni zobuphathi beZinzuzo zomphakathi: izikhombo ezifuna ukusetshenziswa kwemali ephumelelayo, ephumelelayo, nengokomthetho yokukhokha intela nempahla yomphakathi, okuvimbela ukukhokha imali, ukukhwabanisa, noma ukuchitha.

Lezi zingxenye zivame ukufakwa emithethweni engokomthetho, emithethweni yokuziphatha, noma ezimisweni zokuphatha. Emhlabeni wonke, amapulani anjenge ECD agcizelela isidingo sezindinganiso zokuziphatha njengobuqotho bomphakathi ukunikeza isiqondiso esibanzi ukuthi amazwe amaningi ajwayelana ne-mongo yawo yendawo. Ngokufanayo, i- United Nations Convention ngokumelene nokonakala [ igcizelela isidingo sezindinganiso zokuziphatha njengengxenye yemizamo yokulwa nokonakala kwembulunga yonke.

Ukubaluleka Kweziqondiso Zesayensi Yezobuchwepheshe Embusweni Wanamuhla

Iziqondiso zesayensi yemvelo azinawo amavolontiya azimele; zibalulekile empilweni nasemsebenzini wezinhlangano zentando yeningi. Ukubaluleka kwazo kubonakala ngezilinganiso eziningi ezibucayi ezithinta ngokuqondile imiphumela yokubusa nokwethemba umphakathi.

Ukugunyaza Ukuthenjwa Komphakathi Nobuqotho

Ukwethemba kuyimali yokubusa. Uma izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi izikhulu zomphakathi zenza ngokuvumelana nezimiso futhi zifuna okuhle, zithambekele kakhulu ekuvumelaneni nemithetho, zikhokhe intela, futhi zihlanganyele ekuphileni komphakathi. Iziqondiso zezemfundo zakha isisekelo salokho kuthemba ngokubeka obala izikhulu ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha futhi zinikeze ithuba lokuzimela uma leyo ndinganiso iphulwa. Ihlazo elilodwa eliphezulu lingase liqede iminyaka yokuthembana, lenze indima evimbelayo yemithetho ecacile engokokuziphatha ibe yigugu.

Ukuvimbela Ukonakala Nempi

Inkohlakalo ichuma ngokungaqondakali. Iziqondiso zesayensi ziveza ngokucacile ukuthi yikuphi ukuziphatha okungamukeleki − kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungukwamukela izipho ezivela kubenzi bemisebenzi, ukuqondisa izihlobo, noma ukusebenzisa ukwaziswa ngaphakathi ukuze kuzuze umuntu. Ngokumisa imithetho ecacile, lezi ziqondiso zinciphisa ithuba lezenzo zokonakala futhi zinikeza abaphengululi iziqondiso ezicacile zokugcinwa kwamandla. Ukucwaninga okungokwesiko kubonisa njalo ukuthi amandla alawula ngezimiso eziqinile zezimiso zezimiso zokuziphatha abhekana namazinga aphansi okonakala nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu zikahulumeni.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukulandisa Nokuphoqelelwa

Ukulandisa kudinga indinganiso eqondene nendlela yokwenza nokuziphatha. Iziqondiso ze-pical zinikeza leyondinganiso. Zinika izindikimba zongamele, njengekhomishane yezimiso zokuqondisa noma izikhulu zezokuhlola izimiso, ukuba zihlole izikhalo futhi zithathe isinyathelo sokuyala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinikeza izakhamuzi nemithombo yezindaba uphawu lokuhlola ukuziphatha okungokomthetho, zenze kube nenkulumo yasobala efundile nokuphathwa ngentando yeningi. Ngaphandle kweziqondiso ezicacile, ukulandisa kuxhomeke ekuzibekeleni imingcele futhi kube nzima ukuphoqelele.

Ukukhuthaza Ubuqotho Nokulunga Ekwenzeni Isinqumo

Ukulingana phambi komthetho kuyisimiso sombuso wentando yeningi. Iziqondiso zezimiso zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhulu zomphakathi aziwasebenzisi amandla azo ukuze zithande abangane, abasizi, noma abanikeli, nokuthi izinqumo zenziwe ngokusekelwe ekufanelekeni, ezingokomthetho, nasemdlalweni womphakathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjengokuthola umphakathi, ukumiswa kwezisebenzi, nokugcinwa komthetho, lapho amathuba obandlululo ephakeme khona.

Izinselele Ekusebenziseni Iziqondiso Ezisebenza Kahle

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, ukusetshenziswa kweziqondiso zokuziphatha ngokuvamile kubhekana nezithiyo eziphawulekayo.

Ukuqaphela Nokuqonda

Izikhulu eziningi zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisezinhlanganweni ezihloniphekile noma ezingatholi sisekelo, zingase zingaqapheli imithetho eqondile esebenzayo ezindima zazo. Iziqondiso zingaba yinkimbinkimbi, zingamaningi, noma zingaxoxi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa njalo nemithombo etholakalayo, izikhulu zingase ziphambuke ngokungaqondi ngenxa nje yokuthi zazingazazi ukuthi zikhona.

Ukumelana Nokushintsha Nezinguquko Zesiko

Imikhuba emide, imibuthano ehleliwe, namasiko enhlangano abekezelela noma ngisho avuselele ukukhohliswa kwemithetho kungadala ukumelana okunamandla nezindinganiso ezintsha zokuziphatha. Izikhulu zingabheka iziqondiso njengezithiyo ezilawulayo kunokuba zibheke njengamathuluzi okulawula kangcono. Ukushintsha ukuziphatha okunjalo okugxilile kudinga ukuzinikela okuqinile kobuholi nokuguqulwa kwamasiko, hhayi nje kuphela izimiso ezintsha.

Ukuqeqesha Nokusebenzisa Amandla Anele

Ngisho noma izikhulu ziqaphela imithetho yezimiso, zingase zintule amakhono okuyisebenzisa ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezingokoqobo zezwe. Ukwenza isinqumo kuhilela ukuhamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni ezimpunga, ukukala izindinganiso eziphikisanayo, nokucabangela imiphumela emide. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziqinile ezihlanganisa izifundo zezendaba, ukufundisa indima, nemfundo esekelwe ezibonelweni, izikhulu zingahlonyiselwa kabi ukusingatha izinkinga ezingokokuziphatha.

Ukucindezela Kwezombangazwe Nokuncintisana Okuza Kuqala

Izikhulu zomphakathi ngokuvamile zisebenza ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu kwezombangazwe, kungaba kukhethwa abaholi beqembu, noma amaqembu ezenhlalakahle. Zingase zibhekane nezimfuno zokuxosha ukuvunyelwa, ukungabunaki ukuphulwa kwemithetho, noma ukwenza izinqumo ezizuzisa abadlali abanamandla ngokulahlekelwa izindinganiso zokuziphatha. Endaweni lapho ukuphambana kuphakeme khona, ngisho nezinhloso ezinhle zingazabalaza ukulondoloza izibopho zabo ezingokokuziphatha.

Ukuphoqelelwa Okubuthakathaka Nokulahlwa Kwezintambo

Iziqondiso ezingenazinqubo eziphumelelayo zimane nje ziyizinkulumo ezifinyelelwe. Izindikimba ezikhohlisiwe, izinqubo ezithatha kancane zokuyala, ukuphazamisa kwezombangazwe ekuhloleni, nokujezisa okubuthakathaka konke kululaza ukuthembeka kwezimiso zezimiso zezimiso zezimiso. Uma izikhulu ziqaphela ukuthi ukuphulwa kwemithetho akunamiphumela yangempela, umphumela ovimbelayo weziqondiso uyanyamalala.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Iziqondiso Ze - Ethical Enductive

Ukuhlola izibonelo ezicacile kuyasiza ekuboniseni indlela iziqondiso zokuziphatha ezisebenza ngayo ezindaweni ezibusayo nezindawo ezingokoqobo ezihilelekile ekuphumeleleni noma ekuhlulekeni kwazo.

Impi Yebhodi Yesithakazelo YaseNew York City

I-New York City Conflict of Infation Board (COIB) ibhekwa kabanzi njengesibonelo sezimiso zikahulumeni zendawo. Inikeza imithetho ecacile, efinyelelekayo ezimpikiswaneni zesithakazelo, izipho, kanye nesaziso sezimali eziqashwe izisebenzi zasedolobheni nezikhulu ezikhethiwe. I-COIB inikeza imibono ephikisayo, uphenyo, futhi ingabeka izijeziso ezifanele nezinye izijeziso. Ukugcinwa kwayo okungaguquguquki nokuthola imfundo kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukubonakala futhi kwanciphisa ukwephulwa kwezimiso zedolobha.

IKomiti YoMbuso Ehlangene Ngezindinganiso Ekuphileni Komphakathi

Imiswe ngo-1994, iKomiti yeMigangatho yomphakathi (CSPL) iyindikimba ezimele eqondisa futhi ithuthukise izindinganiso zokuziphatha phakathi komphakathi. Yaveza “Izimiso Eziyisikhombisa Zokuphila Komphakathi” ($_ukungabi nalusizo, ukuthembeka, ukulandisa, ukuqashelwa, ukwethembeka, kanye nobuholi) eziye zathathwa kabanzi yiminyango kahulumeni, iziphathimandla zendawo, kanye nezindikimba zomphakathi. I-CSPL ilokhu ibukeza njalo impikiswano engokokuziphatha futhi itusa ukuhlelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha, isiza ukugcina izindinganiso zibalulekile ekushintsheni isimo sezombangazwe esishintshayo.

Izimiso Zomphakathi Zase - Australia

Indlela yokufinyelela i-Australia yezimiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi ihlelwe kahle, iphethe isifunda ngasinye (isimo, isifundazwe, insimu) inemithetho yayo siqu nezinhlangano. Nokho, abaningi bahlanganyela izimiso ezifanayo njengalezo ezibekwe kuyi-Australian Public Service (APS) Izindinganiso nemithetho ye-C. I-APS igcizelela indlela engcono yokuthatha izindinganiso kunokunikeza isijeziso, ikhuthaza izikhulu ukuba zisebenzise izimiso zokuziphatha. Ihlanganisa futhi ukuqeqesha ngokuqinile, abaqondisi bezimiso zobuqotho, kanye nezindlela zokubika. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi lendlela inezela emazingeni aphansi kakhulu enkohlakalo e-Australia.

Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa ukuthi iziqondiso eziphumelelayo zokuziphatha azidingi nje kuphela imithetho ecacile kodwa futhi zidinga izinhlangano eziqinile, ukuqondisa okuzimele, nempucuko ebeka ubuqotho kuqala.

Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokusekela Iziqondiso Ezingokwesayensi

Ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi iziqondiso zokuziphatha zisuka ephepheni ziye kwelinye, ohulumeni nezinhlangano zomphakathi kufanele basebenzise inqubo ehlukahlukene yokuvimbela, ukuthola nokuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho.

Ukuqeqesha Kwasikhathi Sonke Nokunakekela

Ukuqeqesha izimiso zokuziphatha kufanele kube yisibopho kuzo zonke izikhulu zomphakathi, nezimo ezikhethekile zalezo ezinezindima eziphakeme njengokuthola imali, uku-interant, nokuqondisa. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kube okuhambisanayo, kusebenzisa izimo zangempela ukuze kuvezwe amakhono asebenzayo okwenza izinqumo. Izifundo zokuqabula kufanele ziqhutshwe minyaka yonke noma noma nini lapho kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu. U.S. Ihhovisi le-Province Ethics[[ linikeza imithombo nemisebenzi emikhulu kanye nezinto ezisebenza njenge-partmark yezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Ukusakaza Ingxoxo Evulekile Ngezimiso Zokuziphatha

Abaholi kufanele bakhe indawo lapho izikhulu zizizwa ziphephile ukuxoxa ngezinkinga zezimiso zokuziphatha ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindiselwa. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukumisa izingcezu ezingangaziwa, ukubiza izikhulu zezimiso zokuhle njengabaqaphi abayimfihlo, nokukhuthaza izingxoxo ngezinselele zokuziphatha. Lapho abaholi belingisa ukuziphatha okuhle futhi bevuma obala ukuthi izinkinga ezingokokuziphatha ziyinkimbinkimbi, kukwenza kubonakale kunengqondo ukufuna isiqondiso kunokuba kufihle izinkathazo.

Ukumisa Izivikelo Ezinamandla Zeziqhumane

Abacuphi bawumzila obucayi wokuzivikela ekuziphatheni okubi. Nokho, ngaphandle kwesivikelo esiqinile esingokomthetho, basengozini yokuphindisela, ukulimala kwemisebenzi, noma ukulimala komuntu siqu. Ohulumeni kufanele bamise imithetho yokufutha ikhwelo eqinisekisa imfihlo, ivikele ekuphindiseleni, futhi banikeze amathuba okubika kokubili ngaphakathi nakuzo izindikimba ezizimele. Isimiso sokufutha ngekhwelo sikhuthaza ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni kokuphambaniswa nokunqanda abenzi bobubi.

Ukubukeza Nokubhala Izincwadi Njalo

Iziqondiso zesayensi yemvelo kumelwe ziphendukele ukuze zibhekane nezingozi ezintsha, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokulindela kwezenhlalo. Ukubukeza okuvamile cishe njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.

Ukubuswa Okunamandla Nokuzimele

Indikimba yezimiso zokuziphatha engalawulwa yikho futhi enikezwa inzuzo efanelekile ibalulekile ekuqinisisweni okuthembekile. Lendikimba kufanele ibe negunya lokuhlola izikhalo, ukukhipha izibopho ezibophayo, futhi ibeke izijeziso ezinengqondo. Amalungu ayo kufanele amiswe ngenqubo esobala futhi avikelwe ekususweni okungenasizathu. Ukubika imisebenzi yayo obala kuthuthukisa ukubonakala nokulandisa.

Ikusasa Leziqondiso Eziwubungcweti Ekubuseni

Njengoba izingcweti ezibusayo zishintsha ngobuchwepheshe, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, nokushintsha kwezimiso zomphakathi, iziqondiso zokuziphatha kumelwe zizivumelanise nokusebenza kwazo.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwazo Ngobuchwepheshe Bamanani

Ubuchwepheshe bungasekela futhi bubeke inselele ekuqondiseni izimiso. Kwesinye isandla, izimiso ze-minucro zingathuthukisa ukubonakala ngokuvulwa kwemininingwane, izimiso zokwaziswa ezizihambelayo, kanye nokulandelela izimali zomphakathi nge-blockchain ngokulandelana kwazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa, ukwenza izinqumo zomthetho, nokuhlola kwezezesayensi yomphakathi kuphakamisa imibuzo emisha engokwezimiso mayelana nobandlululo, ukuzifihla, nokuziphendulela. Iziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo ziyodinga ukudingisela ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ngokwezimiso zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nezimfuneko zokwenziwa kokukhanya komthetho kanye nokuqondisa komuntu izinqumo zezokusebenza kwezimoto.

Ukuqhubekela Ezindinganisweni Zembulunga Yonke

Izimiso zezimiso kanye nemihlangano ye-OECD emelene nokukhokha intela, nokugeleza kwezezimali okungekho emthethweni kuye kwaqokomisa isidingo sokubambisana kwezimiso zokuziphatha kwezizwe zonke. Izinyathelo ezinjengezezimiso zezimiso zembulunga yonke, ikakhulukazi zezinhlangano zomhlaba, amabhange entuthuko eyandayo, kanye neziketanga zokuthengiswa kwezindawo zomphakathi.

Ukuhlanganyela Nezimiso Zokuhlanganyela Ezakhamuzini Ezinkulu Nezinengxenye

Izakhamuzi zifuna ngenkani ukuba kuchazwe futhi kuphoqelelwe ukuthi izindinganiso zokuziphatha zinjani. Izindlela zokuhlanganyela. − njengokuhlola komphakathi ngezimiso zokuziphatha, amabhodi aqondisa izakhamuzi, namapulatifomu e-inthanet ukuze zibike ukuziphatha okubi − kungaqinisa ukufaneleka nokusabela kweziqondiso ezingokokuziphatha. Ukuhlanganyela umphakathi kusiza futhi ukuba kubonakale ukukhathalela okuvelayo okungase kunganakwa izikhulu.

Gxila Emikhubeni Yokuziphatha Neziphazamiso Zokungenela

Izinqubo ezingokwesiko ezisekelwe ekuthotyeni zithatha ukuthi izikhulu ziyolandela imithetho uma zazi yona futhi uma ukugcinwa kwemithetho kuqinile. Nokho, ukucwaninga ngokuziphatha kubonisa ukuthi ubandlululo olungekho mthethweni, ukucindezela kwezenhlalo, kanye nezici ezisezimweni kungaholela ngisho nabantu abahloswe kahle ukuba benze ngokungenazimiso. Iziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo zingahlanganisa “izinketho ezithandekayo, izikhumbuzo zezimiso zezimiso phambi kwezinqumo eziyinhloko, kanye nezinguquko ezingokwenhlalo ezinciphisa ukuziphatha okungahlelekile.

Isiphetho

Iziqondiso zesayensi yezobuzwe aziyona inzuzo yomphakathi esetshenziswa kahle; ziyimfuneko kunoma yisiphi isimiso sokubusa esifuna ukuba sibe nokulunga, siphumelele, futhi sithembeke. Ngokuhlanganisa imingcele yokuziphatha okwamukelekayo, basiza ekuvimbeleni ukonakala, bakhuthaze ukulandisa, baqinisekise ukuthi izikhulu zomphakathi zikhonza isithakazelo somphakathi kunenzuzo yazo siqu. Nokho, ukuphila kwaleziqondiso akwanele. Ukubaluleka kwazo kutholakala kuphela lapho zifakwe endaweni ezungezile esekelanayo esekelanayo: umuntu onikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuvamile, okhuthaza ukuvuleka kwengxoxo, ovikela impepho, ophoqelela izindinganiso, ophoqelela inzuzo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukubusa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kunezimo ezingokomthetho wokuzigcina kuhlala kusekukho okumelwa umphakathi futhi kuqinile.