Amalungelo Okulingana: Isisekelo Sokulunga Nobulungisa

Amalungelo okulingana akuyona izifiso ezingabonakali; ayizindawo eziwusizo zokuvikela eziqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu angaphila ngesithunzi, ahlanganyele ngokugcwele emphakathini, futhi akhululeke ekuphathweni ngokungafanele. Lamalungelo avikela abantu ekucwaseni okusekelwe ohlazweni, ubulili, ubudala, ukukhubazeka, inkolo, ukuthambekela kobulili, nezinye izici zomuntu siqu ezijulile. Kuzakhamuzi, ukuqonda lamalungelo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekwakheni umphakathi lapho ithuba linganqunywanga kusengaphambili ngemininingwane yawo. Lesiqondiso sinikeza ukuhlolisisa ukuthi ayini amalungelo alinganayo, izakhiwo ezingokomthetho eziwasekelayo, indlela ubandlululo olusebenza ngayo, nendlela yokwahlukanisa abantu.

Ayini Ngempela Amalungelo Okulingana?

Ekujuleni kwawo, amalungelo okulingana aqinisekisa ukuthi akekho umuntu ophathwa kahle ngenxa yokuthi ungubani. Ancike esimisweni sokuthi bonke abantu balingana futhi banelungelo lokuvikeleka ngokufanayo ngaphansi komthetho. Lamalungelo ahlotshaniswa ngokwesivumelwano sobuzwe, imithetho, namalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke. Ahlanganisa kokubili ukulingana okulinganayo [[onke abantu] [okanye] [ophatha bonke abantu]] futhi anqoba ukulingana kwezindawo zombuso [umthetho wesizwe]] (uvuma ukuthi amaqembu ahlukene angadinga ukuphatha okulinganayo ngempela, isibonelo, izindawo zokuhlala ezifanele umuntu okhubazekile). Ilungelo lokulinganayo kanye nokugwema ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi ngezinye izikhathi, ukuvukelwa kwemisebenzi, ukunikezwa kwezemfundo, ukunikezwa kwezemfundo, ukunikezwa kwezemfundo, ukunikezwa kwezemfundo.

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa amalungelo okulingana nomqondo obanzi wamalungelo abantu.

Ukubaluleka Okukhulu Kwamalungelo Okulingana

Indaba yamalungelo okulingana ngoba ayisisekelo somphakathi osebenzayo wentando yeningi ne-internest. Ngaphandle kwawo, ubandlululo olulawulayo lungabangela ubumpofu, ubudlova, nokuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo. Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko zalamalungelo abalulekile:

  • Ukulunga nokuthula: Ama-societi avikela amalungelo alinganayo abhekene nengxabano enciphileyo nokwethenjwa okukhulu phakathi kwezakhamuzi. Uma abantu benomuzwa wokuthi isimiso silungile, basengozini kakhulu yokuhlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi futhi bavumelane nemithetho.
  • Ukuveza abantu abangase bakwenze: ubandlululo lusaphaza ithalenta lokungcola. Ngokususa imingcele, amalungelo alinganayo avumela abantu ukuba banikele ngamakhono abo nangamacebo, okubangela ukusungula nokukhula kwezomnotho.
  • Ukuvikela amaQembu aHlanganisiweyo: amalungelo okulingana asebenza njengesihlangu seqembu elincane, abesifazane, abantu abakhubazekile, abantu abadabuka kwamanye amazwe, nabanye abaye babhekana nokucindezela ngokomlando. Banikeza usizo olungokomthetho lapho ubandlululo luvela.
  • I-Emorfect and Agency: ukwazi amalungelo akho kukunika amandla okubekela inselele ukungalungi. Kuguqula isisulu sobandlululo sibe ummeleli wamalungelo okhuthele ongafuna ukulandisa.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Engokomthetho Evikela Amalungelo Okulingana

Ukwakheka kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, umthetho wezwe, namalungiselelo omthetho - sisekelo kusekela amalungelo okulingana. Ukuqonda lezi zici kukusiza ukuba wazi ukuthi ungaphendukelaphi ukuze uthole isivikelo nokuthi izinhlangano ziyolandisa kanjani.

Izivumelwano Zamalungelo Abantu Zamazwe Ngamazwe

Umthetho womhlaba wonke ubeka indinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokulingana.

Lezi zivumelwano ziveza izibopho ezibophayo emazweni azivumelayo. Zibuye zinikeze isisekelo sokuqamba amanga: izakhamuzi zingasebenzisa izinqubo zokubika zezinhlangano zesivumelwano ukuze zigcine ohulumeni bazo benecala.

Imithetho Kazwelonke Nesivikelo Somthetho - sisekelo

Imithetho yasekhaya iguqula izimiso zamazwe ngamazwe zibe amalungelo agunyaziwe. Nakuba isimiso somthetho sawo wonke amazwe siyingqayizivele, nazi izibonelo ezivelele zemithetho yesizwe evikela ukulingana:

Ukuqonda Ukubandlulula: Izindlela Nezibonelo

Ukuqaphela izinhlobo zalo ezihlukahlukene kubalulekile ekuboneni ukwephulwa nokuthatha isinyathelo. Nazi izigaba eziyinhloko, ezinezibonelo eziqinile:

Ukucwaswa Okuqondile

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho othile engaphathwa kahle ngenxa yesici esivikelekile. Isibonelo:[ Umqashi wenqaba ukuqasha owesifazane ofanelekayo ngoba ekhulelwe, noma umninindlu enqaba ukuqasha inkampani ngenxa yobuzwe babo. Ukucwasa okuqondile ngokuvamile kuyacasha, nakuba kungaba okungaqondakali.

Ukucwasa Okungaqondile

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isimiso esibonakala singathathi hlangothi noma umkhuba ubangela ukungalingani okukhulu ukuba iqembu elinezici ezivikelekile lingabi ngcono, futhi lenkambiso ayiyona indlela elinganayo yokufinyelela injongo esemthethweni. Isibonelo: Imfuneko yomsebenzi yokuba zonke izisebenzi zisebenze ngeMigqibelo zicalule ngokungaqondile izisebenzi ezingamaJuda noma zamaSabatha ezigcina iSabatha. Esinye isibonelo esivamile siyimfuneko ephakeme yemisebenzi ethile ehlukanisa abesifazane namaqembu athile ezinhlanga ngaphandle kokudingeka emsebenzini.

Ukuhlukunyezwa

Ukuhlukunyezwa kuhlobene nokuziphatha okungafunwa okuhlobene nesici esivikelekile esinenjongo noma umphumela wokwephula isithunzi somuntu noma ukwenza isithunzi esisabisayo, esinobutha, esilulazayo, esihlazisayo, noma esihlazisayo endaweni ezungezile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlambalaza ngamazwi, amahlaya ahlazisayo, ukubonisa izinto ezicasulayo, noma ukonga. Isibonelo: ngokukloloda amazwi omngane noma ukuklolodela indlela yabo yobulili.

Ukuhlaselwa

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwenzeka lapho othile ephathwa kabi ngenxa yokuthi ukhansele ubandlululo noma wasekela ukukhononda komunye umuntu. Isibonelo: Isisebenzi esibika ukuhlukunyezwa ngokohlanga kamuva sidluliswa ngenxa yokukhushulwa noma ukushintshwa okungekuhle. Ukucunulwa akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ezimisweni eziningi ngoba kululaza sonke isimiso sokugcinwa kwamaphoyisa.

Ukucwasana Okungokwesimiso

Lokhu kubhekisela ezindleleni zokuziphatha, izimiso, noma imikhuba eyingxenye yezakhiwo zenhlangano noma umphakathi, idala futhi iqhubekisele phambili ukungahleleki kwamanye amaqembu. Ivame ukufakwa ngokungahlosile kodwa ifakwe ngokujulile. Isibonelo:[ Izimiso zobufundisi ezigelezela abafundi abambalwa ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, noma imishini eqasha abantu abathembele emagameni angaphansi kwamaqembu alaphayo. Ukucwala kwesimiso kudinga ushintsho ekubekeni imithetho, izinqubo, namasiko, hhayi ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingawamelela Ngayo Amalungelo Okulingana

Nazi izinyathelo eziqinile ongazithatha, kusukela esenzweni somuntu ngamunye kuya esivumelwaneni sokuthembisana.

Zifundise Wena Nabanye

Ulwazi luyisisekelo sokuphumelela kobufundisi. Funda imithetho ethintana nezwe lakho kanye nemithetho yamalungelo abantu. Qonda umongo ongokomlando wobandlululo − njengemizabalazo yokulingana kwezinhlanga, ukukhubazeka kwabesifazane, noma amalungelo okukhubazeka. Hlanganisani lokho enikufundayo nabangane, umkhaya, nosebenza nabo. Cabangela ukuthatha izifundo ze-inthanethi emithonjeni enedumela elihle njenga [FLT]] Courtera’s Rights of Human Rights noma [[FLT:] Amnety Human Rights forficial Ims Offices .

Izinhlangano Ezisekelayo Zokuphatha Abanye

Izinhlangano eziningi ezingezona ezohulumeni zisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukukhuthaza ukulingana nokubekela inselele ukucwaswa kobandlululo. Cabangela ukunikela, ukunikela, ukuvolontiya, noma ukuthuthukisa imikhankaso yazo. Izinhlangano ezikwazi ukuqashelwa zihlanganisa i-American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), i-Amnesty International, i-Human Rights Watch, iNaACP Ecpegin Defense Fund, namaqembu alwela amalungelo endawo. E-UK, izinhlangano ezifana ne-Equality and the Runnymedite Trust ziyisihluthulelo.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezikhathini Zomphakathi Nokuhlola Obala

Amalungelo okulingana alolongwa yinkulumo yeningi. Yiba khona emahholo edolobha, emihlanganweni yesikole, nasezimisweni zomkhandlu wedolobha lapho kuxoxwa khona ngezindaba ezihlukene. Uma ohulumeni beveza imithetho noma izinqubo ezintsha, izikhathi zokukhulumela umphakathi zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zinikeze ukuvuma. Yenza izwi lakho lizwane ngezinguquko ezihlongozwayo zemithetho emelene nokungavumelani, imisebenzi yamaphoyisa, noma isikole semfundo.

Xhumana Nabameleli Bakho Abaluziwe

Umthetho nokugcinwa kwemithetho kuxhomeke kwentando yezombangazwe. Bhala, shayela abameleli bakho ucingo, noma i-imeyili ukuba ubanxuse ukuba:

  • imisa imithetho elwa nobandlululo[
    • [[FLT:]] ixhasa ukukhokhwa kwemithetho elawula amalungelo abantu [[[[FLT:]] [FLT]] [[FLT:]]] [5]] izivumelwano zezizwe zonke ezingakavunyelwa ezweni laki [[FLT]] imigaqo yokuvota enjengemithetho ethinta imithetho encipheneyo [FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT]
]

Buka Ukucwasa Lapho Ukubona

Uma ubhekene nokucwaswa noma ukuzibonela, ubhala isenzakalo (usuku, isikhathi, ofakazi, okwenzekile) bese ufaka isikhalo emzimbeni ofanele (njenge-EEOC e-US, i-EHRC e-UK, noma isifundazwe/inkantolo yamalungelo abantu. Ukubika akuyona nje indaba yakho; kuveza ukwaziswa okungaveza izindlela zezimiso zesimiso futhi kuholele ezinguqulweni ezinkulu.

Khuthaza Imikhuba Engaphelele Emsebenzini Nasemphakathini Wakho

Ukuqapha kwenzeka futhi ezimweni zansuku zonke. Khuluma lapho uzwa amahlaya noma amazwi ahlabayo. Khuthaza umqashi wakho ukuba athole ukuqeqeshwa okuhlukahlukene futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izinqubo zokuqasha zisobala. Zibophelele ukukhonza emakomitini ahlukene noma ukuqala iqembu lezisebenzi. Emphakathini wakho, sekela amabhizinisi afaka iziphakamiso futhi abize lawo angaqali.

Imithombo Yokufunda Nesenzo Esiqhubekayo

Ukujulisa ukuqonda kwakho amalungelo alinganayo kuwuhambo oluqhubekayo. Ngezansi kunemithombo ephakeme enikeza ukwaziswa okunegunya, isiqondiso esingokomthetho, namathuba okuthembisana.

  • I-United Nations Human Rights Office (OHCHR): Inqolobane eyinhloko yezivumelwano zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke, ibika iziqondiso, nokwaziswa okuqonde lelizwe. Ukuhambela i-ochr.org
  • IJaji elithatha indawo: isebenza ukuqeda ukuboshwa okukhulu nokungalungi kobuhlanga e-United States. Imibiko yabo kanye nezincwadi zemfundo kungcono kakhulu. ukuhambela i-eji.org
  • Amalungelo Abantu Watch:[ Avelele emhlabeni wonke ANGO ahlola futhi abike ngokuphathwa kabi kwamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhanjwa ngehora.org
  • Amnesty International:[ owaziwa ngemikhankaso yayo, imibiko, nezimpande zotshani. Inikeza imithombo ngokulingana kwabesilisa, ubulungisa bobuhlanga, ne-LGBTQ+ amalungelo. Ukuthethelela. org
  • IKhomishane yaMalungelo Obuntu Ezwe Lakho: Izizwe eziningi zinenhlangano yesizwe yamalungelo abantu (NHRI) enikeza isiqondiso samahhala, izinqubo zokukhononda, kanye nemfundo. Funa “ikhomishane yamalungelo abantu +.”
  • Incwadi: u-“The New Jim Crow" kaMichelle Alexander (uhlanga kanye nokugqunywa kweqembu),“ Half the sibhakabhaka” nguNicholas Kristof noSheryl WuDun (amalungelo namandla abesifazane), “Ukubonakala” okuhlelwa ngu-Alice Wong.

Isiphetho: Amalungelo Okulingana Ayithu

Amalungelo okulingana awazona izipho ezingenakuguquguquka; ayisivikelo esiqinile esidinga ukuqapha njalo nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ezakhamuzini. Kusukela ekuhlelweni komthetho wembulunga yonke kuya esenzweni somuntu siqu sokukhuluma ngokumelene nombono wobandlululo, ukulwela ukulingana kulwiwa ezicini eziningi. Ngokuqonda amathuluzi angokomthetho akhona, ukuqaphela izimpawu eziningi zobandlululo, futhi uthatha izinyathelo zenhloso zokusekela ushintsho, ungasuka ekubeni ummeleli wamalungelo okhuthele ukuya ekulondolozeni ubulungisa. Isithembiso sokulingana siwukuthi wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isizinda sakhe, angaphila ukuphila okuhloniphekile. Ukusekela leso sithembiso kungumthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nelungelo lezakhamuzi zonke.