Ukushintsha Kwendlela Yokuphepha Yokhetho

Ukwethembeka kokhetho kwakha i-lick of democracy presence. Njengoba izinsongo zezimiso zokhetho zikhula kakhulu − ukuhlasela kweze-inthanethi, imikhankaso yokususa imiyalezo, nokuguqula okungokoqobo [1] izifundazwe eUnited States ziye zathatha izindlela eziqikelelwe ukuvikela isigaba ngasinye senqubo yokuvota. Ukuvikela kokhetho akuyona inqubo eyodwa yobuchwepheshe noma isimiso sobukhomba-mthetho; kuyindawo ebanzi ehlanganisa imishini yokuvota, ukubhalisa imishini yokuvota, izinselele zokubhalisa, izinhlelo zokuhlola zangemva kohlelo, i-inthaneti, nezindlela zokhetho ezingcono kakhulu ezibonakala ziphumelela kakhulu. Nakuba kungekho nqubo ephelele, inhlanganiselaniso eqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni nevelayo inqubo yokuvikela. Lokhu ukuhlola okunemininingwaneyo ukuthi amazwe asebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphepha, izinselele ezihlukene, izinselele, izinhlelo ezibonakala ziphumelela kakhulu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Izingxenye Zezokuphepha Kokhetho Lwanamuhla

Ukuqonda ukulondeka kokhetho kudinga ukubheka izici eziyisisekelo ezenza ukhetho oluqinile. Lezi zici zincikene futhi ziqinisane.

1. Izirekhodi zephepha eziqinisiwe

Ama-paper bollat ahlala eyindinganiso yegolide yokhuseleko lokhetho. Anikeza irekhodi elingokoqobo, elibaliwe elingahlolwa ngokumelene nobude be-electronic. Cishe wonke amazwe manje adinga umkhondo wephepha, kungaba ngemishini yokubhala iphepha esayinwe ngesandla noma ngemishini yokuphawula ekhiqiza indlela yokuvota yephepha elibhaliwe (VPAT). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho noma i-software ihlehlisiwe, umbhalo ophathekayo ukhona ekulandiseni nasekuhloleni i-computer.

Ukuhlaziya Okungaphambi Kokukhetha Nokuhlola Ngokunembile

Phambi kokhetho, izimiso zokuvota zihlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ziyasebenza kahle. Izikhulu zisebenzisa amavoti okuhlola ngemishini, zihlole ukuvimbela imiphumela eyaziwayo, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi zonke izakhi zilondekile. Le nqubo isiza ekuboneni noma ikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukushintsha amavoti angempela kungakaphothwa.

Imiyalo yokukhetha yamuva

Imikhakha iwukuhlolwa okubucayi kwemiphumela yokukhetha. Okuphumelela kakhulu yimitapo yokuhlola izingozi (RLA), esebenzisa izindlela zezibalo ukuhlola isampula eliyiphutha lephepha. Uma ukubhalisa kuqinisekisa umphumela obikwayo, imiphumela iyama; uma kungenjalo, ukuncishiswa kwemali kuze kube yilapho izikhulu ziqiniseka ngomphumela. Izigodlo eziningi manje ziyayaleza i-RLA kunoma yimiphi imincintiswano, kuyilapho ezinye ziqhuba amakhasimende angokwesiko alinganisela inani elilinganiselwe ngenani elimisiwe lamagopheli.

4. Ukutholakala Kwezincwadi Zomtapo

Izimiso zokubhalisa ziyisisulu esiyinhloko sabahlaseli abafuna ukulahla abavoti noma isiphithiphithi sokuhlwanyela. Amazwe asebenzisa isiqiniseko samaprotheni amaningi, ukuhlola kwenethiwekhi, ukucusha ukuchayeka njalo, kanye nokubhala ngokukopisha ukuze avikele lemithola-mtholalwazi. Abaningi babuye bahlole ukufinyeza nokuhlanganyela ezimisweni zolwazi nge- Cybersecurity kunye ne-Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA).

5. Ukulondeka Okungokomzimba Nokuvalelwa Kwabantwana

Kusukela ekugcinweni kwebhola kuya ekuthuthweni kuya ekuvimbeleni imishini, izinqubo eziqinile zobungqabavu zibalulekile. Izimpawu ze-Tamper ezibonakala zisobala, amakhamera okuhlola, nemithetho emibili ehamba-mposiso ivamile. Izisebenzi ezixhaphazayo ziqeqeshelwa ukuvikela imishini futhi zibike noma iziphi izitho.

Ukuhlola Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Ngesifundazwe

Imithetho kahulumeni yokukhetha exubile isho ukuthi ukumiswa kwezinhlelo zokulondeka kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngezansi kubhekiswe ngokuningiliziwe ekuhloleni ukuthi izifunda eziningana ziye zazilungisa kanjani izindlela zazo, zakha ezibonelweni zokuqala futhi zenezela imibono eyengeziwe.

ECalifornia: Umholi Wezinqumo Eziyingozi

ICalifornia imise ibhanile ephakeme yokuvikela okhethweni nenhlanganisela yemithetho egunyazwe yimithetho kanye nezindlela ezintsha. Umbuso udinga zonke izimiso zokuvota ukuze kwenziwe irekhodi lephepha, futhi kusukela ngo-2019, iye yenza izibalo ezilinganiselayo eziyingozi kulo lonke ukhetho. Izifunda zikhuthazwa futhi ukuba zisebenzise [ ukulandelela ukulandelela [[FLT:] ukuvota ukunikeza uvota kwangempela isikhathi sokuhlaziya iposi yabo. Ngo-2021, umbuso usungule uMthetho wokhetho [[FLT:]], okuwuvota ngokumisa izikhungo zokuvota nokuvota okukhuliswayo lapho uhlola ukuvota okuqinile, kuhlanganise nokusayinwa kwe-sccodensioctive.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokuphepha ECalifornia

  • Amaphepha amaphepha abophekile kuzo zonke izindlela zokuvota.
  • Kusetshenziswa izibalo ezilinganiselayo ezihilela ingozi kuyo yonke imincintiswano yasezweni lonke, futhi imiphumela itholakala kuyi - Internet.
  • Imininingwane yokubhalisa ihlale ihlolwa futhi ihlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke.
  • Zonke izimiso zokuvota kumelwe zifakazelwe nguNobhala woMbuso ngemva kokuphumelela ekuhlolweni uhulumeni nombuso.
  • Izimvilophu zeposi zihlanganisa i-baunique code yokulandelela nokuqinisekisa.

ITexas: Ukugcizelela Imigwaqo Ehamba Amaphepha Nokuqeqeshwa Kwe - Cybersecurent

ITexas iye yagxila ekuqiniseni isisekelo sayo sokuvota ngokuthatha izinqubo zokushaya umthetho nangokuqeqesha. Ngemva kokhetho lwama-2020, isifundazwe sakhipha imvume entsha yokuphepha. Yonke imishini yokuvota manje kumelwe iveze indlela yokuhlola iphepha, futhi isifundazwe siye sasebenzisa imali eningi ekuqeqesheni izikhulu zokuvota emikhubeni engcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTexas ihlela ukuhlola kokuphepha ngezikhathi ezithile kwezimiso zayo zokuvota futhi iye yamisa i-Ecompute Secutective Stask Forcerce [ ehlanganisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho, izinhlangano zomthetho zendawo, ubuchwepheshe, ne-National Guard.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zezokulondeka ETexas

  • Imishini yokuthumela kumelwe inikeze umvoti wephepha elikhokhelwayo umzila wokuhlola (VVPAT).
  • Izikhulu zezokukhetha kumelwe ziqede ukuqeqeshwa kokulondoloza i - Internet kwaminyaka yonke okugunyazwe nguNobhala woMbuso.
  • Izibalo zangemva kohlelo lwezincwadi ziqhathanisa amavoti amaphepha nemiphumela ye - computer.
  • Isimiso sokubhalisa ivoter sixhunywe eMnyango Wezokuphepha waseTexas ukuze kutholakale amasheke okuhlaziya nokukhwabanisa.
  • Ababukisi benhlalo yokubhucungwa kwemibhalo bavunyelwe ukuba babe nemithetho ecacile yokugcina ukuhleleka futhi bavimbele ukwesatshiswa.

IFlorida: Ukutshala Iziyalezo Nezatifiketi

Ngemva kwezimpikiswano zokhetho luka 2000, iFlorida isiye yaba umholi ekuqondiseni nokhuseleko. Izwe lidinga ukuba zonke izimiso zokuvota zifakazelwe yi-Florida Division of Evolutions, futhi lisebenzisa isimiso sokuvota ezindaweni zonke [ esibhaliswa njalo] esibhaliswa ngokunembile. IFlorida futhi iphethe futhi amakhathi ezincwadi ahlanganisa kokubili ububanzi bephepha elibhaliwe kanye nokuqhathanisa ingqikithi yemishini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umbuso uye wabela izimali ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa imishini yokuvota nokuthuthukisa ukuvota, kuhlanganise nokuthola [[FLTLD:2]] nokugcina ukufakwa kwemishwa kwemisebe yesandla [[FFFLD:3]. [FLT]

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokuphepha EFlorida

  • Zonke izimiso zokuvota kumelwe zifakazelwe ukuze kulondeke futhi kuqondwe ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe.
  • Izibalo zeposi zamuva zihlanganisa amaphepha abhaliwe eziteshini ezikhethwe ngokungenamthethweni.
  • Izinyathelo zokuhlola i - cybersericury zihlanganisa ukufakwa kwezingxenye ze - Internet, ukuphazanyiswa, nokuhlolwa okuvamile.
  • Imininingwane yokubhalisa iqondiswa ngemoto nezindawo zokuxhumana zezokuvikela imoto.
  • Kudingeka ukuba izindawo zokuvota zokuqala zibe namandla okuzisekela futhi zigcinwe endaweni yokuvota.

IMichigan: Ama - paper Balot Ne - Robust E - Application

Michigan iphume njengesibonelo sokuphepha kokhetho olugxile ekuboneni nakuqinisekiswa. Ngemva kohlelo oluphumelelayo lokuvota ngo-2020, umbuso manje ufuna yonke imishini yokuvota ukuze ikhiqize iphepha elingabalwa ngesandla. U-Michigan ufaka imibandela yokuhlola izingozi ezikhona kuzo zonke izinqumo ezisemhlabeni kusuka ku-20222, futhi umbuso ubeke i-'esmeop' esimisweni sokuvota-mbhalisa esinendlela yokhuseleko ekwakhelwe ngaphakathi. futhi uqhuba ingqondo nokuhlolwa kokhetho nokunembeka kubhekiswe kuhulumeni ku-ie nemiphumela ku-inthaneti yomthetho [[[FLTBLT:] futhi ufaka imiphumela ku-E-E-E-FMFF:]

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokulondeka EMichigan

  • 100% isimiso sokuvota iphepha esingenayo imishini eqoshiwe ngokuqondile (i-DRE) ngaphandle komzila wephepha.
  • Kusetshenziswa imincintiswano eyingozi kuwo wonke amazwe.
  • Imininingwane yokubhalisa yamavoter ihlolwa njalo ngokuhlola ukuchayeka komzimba okungavikelekile nokuhlola okungaphandle.
  • Izikhulu zezokukhetha zithola ukuqeqeshwa okuphoqelelwe kokungawasebenzisi ama - computer ngaphambi kokhetho ngalunye.
  • Isimiso sokubhala ama-odar translate nikeza isimo sangempela sesikhathi kubavoti.

IPennsylvania: I - system igxile eMkhandlwini Wezincwadi Nokuqeqeshwa

IPennsylvania iye yathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokwenza isisekelo sayo sokuvota sibe sihle. Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sika-2019, kwadingeka ukuba kuthengwe izimiso zokuvota eziveza irekhodi lephepha. Izwe futhi lagunyaza ukuhlolwa kwezibalo zangemva kokhetho ngalunye, nakuba lezi zingama-endindidi ezimisiwe kunezindawo ezibekelwe izingozi. Ngo-20222. I-Pennsynnia yamisa i-Vatting System Secutection Program[[ ehlanganisa ukuvivinya okuqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifunda sinikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhulu kwabaqondisi bokhetho besifunda nezisebenzi ze-IT, izihloko ezifana nokusiza ukuqaphela ulwazi, ukuvikela, umnyango wezokuvotayela. [FLD:2].[FFU.]

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokulondeka EPennsylvania

  • Zonke izimiso zokuvota kumelwe zihlanganise nerekhodi lephepha eligunyaziwe.
  • Kukhishwa imiphumela enqubweni yokuhlelwa kwezincwadi zamuva kuzo zonke izifunda, futhi imiphumela yayo ikhishwe.
  • Izikhulu zezokukhetha ziqeda ukuqeqeshwa kokungavikeli kwe - Internet okwasungulwa uCISA nohulumeni.
  • Imininingwane yokubhalisa ixhunywe eMnyango Wezokuthutha wasePennsylvania ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
  • Kudingeka izindawo zokungcolisa ukuze kube nezinyathelo ezilondekile zokuxhumana ne - Internet kanye nokuphepha okungokoqobo.

IGeorgia: Izifundo Ezitholakala Ekukhetheni Kwamuva Okuphakeme Kwezici Eziphakeme

Uhambo lokuphepha lokukhetha lweGeorgia luye lwahlolisiswa kakhulu, okuholela kushintsho oluphawulekayo. Izwe manje lisebenzisa isimiso sombuso jikelele semishini yokuphawula (BMDs) ekhiqiza i-bollat yephepha. Nakuba lokhu kuye kwadala impikiswano ngokhuseleko lwamaBMD ngokumelene nophawu lwesandla somjikelezo wephepha, iGeorgia iye yaphelelisa ubuchwepheshe bayo ngokuhlola nokuvota. IGeorgia idinga futhi i-computer ye-'FLD's]risk-emetal[ ngokuncintisana nomjikelezo ngamunye wokhetho, futhi i-mthetho ugunyaza ukuthi yonke imishini yokuvota imishini yokuhlola isebenza i-crector. UNobhala wehhovisi likahulumeni uye wasebenzisa [[FLD] ukuhlolwa kwe-'injini ye-'iphethilogo.[FT]

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokulondeka EGeorgia

  • Imishini yokuphawula ibhola iveza isikhwama sokuvota iphepha abangasibukeza ngaphambi kokusifaka.
  • Kusetshenziswa imikhakha yezinhlanga ezikhethiwe ukuze kutholakale imingcele yezingozi.
  • Imininingwane yezincwadi zokubhalisa ihlolwa njalo ukuze kutholakale amarekhodi akopishweyo noma anganembile.
  • Zonke izisebenzi zokhetho zithola ukuqeqeshwa ngemithetho yokulondeka nesimiso sokugcina umntwana.
  • Ama - babbollet angekho adinga ukuba kubhalwe amagama ayiqiniso futhi angatholakala kuyi - Internet.

U - Ohio: Isibonelo Esinesimiso Sokulawula Indawo Esinamandla

Ukhuseleko lokhetho lwaseOhio luncike kwindlela ehloniphekile eqondiswe ngokulawula kwesifundazwe esiqinile. Isifundazwe sidinga yonke imishini yokuvota ukuze kukhiqizwe irekhodi lephepha nohlelo lokuhlola lwangemva kokhetho esifundeni ngasinye. iOhio isebenzisa futhi i-modual coverser metation ebhalisayo ngemishini ehambayo. Isici esiyingqayizivele yi-Ohio Evolution Board [[FLT:]] [[FLT: 1] [1], eyongamela izindinganiso zokuvikela nokuthatha indiva izenzakalo. Izwe lifake i-[FLT:] i-FLT] i-FCYULT [F] eyisa izilinganiso zezimiso zazo, futhi lihlanganyela ku-'uhlungath'uhlu lwe-FFUltive-Foctive-Foctive.[FFF]

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokuphepha E - Ohio

  • Imfuneko yokuvota iphepha kuzo zonke izimiso zokuvota.
  • Ukuhlolwa kohlelo lwezinqumo kwangemva kwalo kwabukezwa unobhala wehhovisi loMbuso.
  • Amabhodi okukhetha asesifundazweni kumelwe athathe izilinganiso zokuphepha minyaka yonke.
  • I-data yokubhalisa ye-voter ethathwe i-BMV nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni.
  • Ukuqeqesha isisebenzi sokwenza impova kuhlanganisa ukuqapha ukulondeka nezinqubo zokusisekela.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Nemisebenzi Ye - Frames

Nakuba izigodlo zivumelana nezimo, kuye kwavela imikhuba eminingi emihle kakhulu evunyelaniswe kakhulu ochwepheshe be-inthanethi nezikhulu zokhetho. COSICA Evolution Security inikeza iziqondiso ezilandelwa yizifundazwe eziningi, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwe CIS Izilawuli [[ zezakhiwo zokhetho. Isihluthulelo situsa ukuba kwenziwe:

  • isekelwe kwiPaperse, iqinisekiswa izimiso zokuvota ukunikeza umbhalo ogciniwe okwazi ukuhlolwa.
  • Izikhathi zonke [[QONDO:0] ukubheka isilinganiso sokuhlola izibalo njengendlela yokuhlola ephumelela kakhulu kwimiphumela ye-electronic.
  • [[I-FLT:0] Inhlanzeko ye-Cybersecurity njengokuqinisekisa ngamalungu amaningi, ukunamathisela, kanye nokuhlola ulwembu.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Precial[ kanye kwenani lokhetho ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuphepha.
  • ROBUst ukhuseleko lwe-project yokubhalisa ngokuhlola njalo nokuthola ngokungenangqondo.
  • Ulwazi oluhlanganisayo ezikhungweni ze-I-ISAC kanye ne-octrime.
  • [ imfundo eyimfihlo kanye nokubona ngalé kwe- ukuze kwakhiwe ukuqiniseka kovoti.

EC inikeza uhlelo lokuhlola nokuqinisekisa] uhlelo lwezimiso zesizwe olumisa izindinganiso zesizwe. Amazwe amukela izimiso ze-EAC eziqinisekisiwe azuza ekuhlolweni okuqinile kwesivikelo nokusebenziseka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, [[FLT:] u-Apply America Vote Act (HAVA) ka-2002] ibonelela izimali zikahulumeni zokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokulungisa izinhlelo zovota, kanye nokuhlola okulandelayo kuye kwaqhubeka ukusekela ukuvikela.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ekulondekeni Kokhetho

Naphezu kwentuthuko, izinselele ezinkulu zisasele. Izifunda eziningi zisasebenza ngemishini yokuguga engase ibe nzima ukuvikela noma ingabi nayo indlela yokulungisa iphepha. Ukuxhasa ukuhlaziywa ngokuvamile kuyaguquguquka futhi kungaphansi kwemijikelezo yezombangazwe. Ukhetho lwama 2020 lwabona igagasi elikhulu lokungalinganisi elahlasela izikhulu zokhetho nokuncitshiswa kwethemba.

Enye inselele yi- isici esingabantu. Nakuba ukuqeqeshwa sekuthuthukile, umthamo omkhulu wezisebenzi zokuvota (_eziningi zazo ziyizisebenzi zokuzithandela) (izimpawu zokuvikela zinamandla kuphela njengokuxhumana okubuthakathaka kakhulu. I-Inter uglisect, kokubili okunonya nengozi, kungahlala kukhathazekile. Ekugcineni, ngokuphazima kwemigqomo yezinsongo [[] njenge-quantam compation ne-IUIP-gener idinga ukuguqulwa okungaguquguquki. Isibonelo, imikhankambi ye-phishi engahlasela izinkampani zokuvota nge-imeyili ezingokoqobo ezithatha isikhathi esingokoqobo.

Bheka Phambili: Ikusasa Lezokulondeka Kokhetho

Ikusasa lokhuseleko lokhetho lisekuxhumaneni okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezifundazwe, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanye nobuchwepheshe. I-CISA’s 's Ukuvikela kokhetho i-Ective Inviduction kakade inikeza izinqumo zengozi, ukuhlola, ukufinyela, nezinkonzo zezehlakalo ezithatha izenzakalo emahhovisi ezwe nasezindaweni zokukhetha. Ukunwetshwa kwalezi zinhlelo kungasiza ama-gundayo amancane anemisebe-IT. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha obunjenge- bloctinchain-diation-rediction[[[ iyahlolwa, nakuba kuseleka ama-tegistiki aphikisanayo futhi kungahlolwanga amavoti amakhulu.

Ama- futhi ahamba ezindaweni ezibanzi zokutholakala kwemitapo yezingozi , enemithetho elindele ukugunyaza i-RLT emincintiswaneni eminingi. Brennan Center yeJaji[ kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezingezona isigaba] ziyaqhubeka zisekela izindinganiso eziqinile zikahulumeni kanye nezimali. Njengoba izinsongo zilindele ukugunyaza i-RLT, ngokufanayo ukuqiniseka okumelwe kuxhomeke ekulondekeni, ekukhanyeni, nasenqubeni. Izibonelo ezibekwa nge-California, Michigan, ne-Florida zibonisa ukuthi ngokuzikolela izimali, ukuvota, nokuvota, ukulondeka kungaqiniswa kakhulu ngaphandle kokuhlehlela.

Ngokuhlanganyela imikhuba emihle, ukutshala izakhiwo, nokugcina izisekelo ngaphambi kokusongela okuvelayo, amazwe angaqhubeka evikela ubuqotho babo bonke amavoti.