Ukucwaswa kweminyaka emidendekweni nangezimpesheni zemali kumelela enye yezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezingokomnotho abaqashi nabaphathiswe impesheni namuhla. Nakuba imithetho yezemisebenzi elwa nokwehlukana emsebenzini iye yakhula phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka adlule, amasu empesheni amaningi cishe asungulwe inzuzo (DB), futhi ikakhulukazi amalungiselelo efa eklanyelwe inkathi ehlukile yezenhlalo yezenhlalakahle. Lemithetho, kusukela ewunyaka wesigaba sokuthatha umhlalaphansi kuya eqophelweni lemalini eliyisekelayo, ingazikhulula izisebenzi ngokulandelana ngokusekelwe ebudaleni beminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Ukuqonda ukudlala phakathi komthetho olinganayo, icebo lemali ewulawulo lwemali ewulawulo, futhi inqubo yokusebenza akuyona nje inqubo esemthethweni yokulawula i-misebe elingundali ehlangeneyo, futhi i-unyuswa ngokusemthethweni, i-Unirltontonton, isebenza ngokusemthethweni ongokomthetho womthetho ongokomthetho, i-U.

Kuyini Ukucwaswa Kweminyaka Yokukhula Ezigwebeni Nasemalungelweni Omhlalaphansi?

Ubandlululo lweminyaka lwenzeka lapho umuntu ephathwa kabi ngenxa yobudala bakhe. Kumongo wesimiso sempesheni yomsebenzi, lokhu kungabonakala ngezindlela eziqondile, njengomthetho ocacile ohlukanisa izisebenzi ngeminyaka ethile ngokuzihlanganisa necebo, noma ngezindlela ezingaqondile, lapho ilungiselelo, indinganiso, noma umkhuba ubeka abantu bobudala obuthile endaweni elinganiselwe kwabanye abantu. Ubunkimbinkimbi obuyingqayizivele bobandlululo lwempesheni bubangelwa ukuthi izinhlelo zempesheni ziklanywe ngokuzenzekelayo phakathi nobudala obuthile: inzuzo ivela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngokuvamile ihlelwa ngokulandelana nobude obuthile, futhi ihlelwe ngendlela esekelwe ekuphileni okulindelekile. Umthetho awukwenqabi konke ukuhlukanisa kweminyaka elinganiselwe; uvimbela ukuhlukana okungafanelekile.

Ukucwaswa Kweminyaka Eqondile

Umuntu ucwaswa ngokuqondile lapho, ngenxa yobudala, ethola ukuphathwa okungcono kunabanye noma angathola izimo ezifanayo. Emongweni wempesheni, lokhu kwabonakala kakhulu ngokomlando ngenkathi yomhlalaphansi ephoqelelwe noma ukukhishwa okuthile okuzosiza ekutholeni isivalo sokubulala noma ukufa. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho othi “azikho izisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-60 ezingase zizuze izinzuzo ezingaphezulu" ngokukhetha ngokuqondile izisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu.

Ukucwasana Okungaqondile Kweminyaka

Ubandlululo olungaqondile luyindida kodwa lulimaza ngendlela efanayo. Kusebenza lapho umqashi noma ophathiswayo esebenzisa ilungiselelo, isilinganiso, noma umkhuba owenzelwa ukwahlulela ngokuhlobene nesici esivikelekile (inkathi). Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ilungiselelo, isilinganiso, noma ukuthatha, noma ukubeka, abantu abaneminyaka ethile ubudala ngokungemthetho othile ongenakuphumelela uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abantu. Isibonelo esivamile siwumthetho odinga iminyaka engu-25 yenkonzo yempesheni ukuze ufanelekele impesheni ephelele. Nakuba lo mthetho ungena ngokucacile, lomthetho uvimbela izisebenzi ezincane ezingakwazi ukuthatha iminyaka engu-25 yenkonzo, futhi umqashi kumelwe abonise ukuthi umthetho uyisilinganiso sokufinyelela injongo efanele.

Ukucwasa Ngokuzihlanganisa Nabanye Nokucabanga

Isivikelo sidlulela ngalé kwalabo abanalesi sici esivikelekile. Isisebenzi esibhekwa njengo "akhula kakhulu" noma "encane kakhulu" ukujoyina icebo, noma esihlobene nomuntu wobudala obuthile (umz., isisebenzi esisesincane esingumnakekeli oyinhloko womzali osekhulile), singaletha ukuzisho. Emkhakheni wempesheni, lokhu kuvame kodwa kuhlala kuyingozi engokomthetho okumelwe ihlolwe ngabathembiwe nabaqashi.

Izindawo Zokunyathelisa Ngezomthetho Zembulunga Yonke: Ukuqhathanisa Ukubheka Izivikelo Nezinkampani

Isisekelo esingokomthetho sokulwa nobandlululo lobudala ngempesheni siyahlukahluka ezikhundleni, kodwa imfuneko efanayo iyimfuneko yokuzithethelela okunenjongo. Ngezansi, sihlola izisekelo eziyinhloko eUnited Kingdom, e - United States, nase - European Union.

I - United Kingdom: UMthetho Ka - 2010 Wokulingana Nomthetho Oyifa

UMthetho we-Esature Act u-2010 uyingxenye eyinhloko yomthetho ovikela abantu ekukhetheni ubudala eNgilandi, eScotland naseWales. Ingxenye 61 no-62 ibhekisa ngokuqondile ezimisweni zempesheni, ivikela amalungu, amalungu alindele ukuthonyelwa. I-Esact inqabela ukucwasana okuqondile nokungaqondile, ukuhlukumeza, nokuhlukumeza. Isici esiyinhloko siyindlela ebanzi yokuthethelela ukucwasa. Umqashi noma i-acencencer ingavikela umthetho wobudala obungakhonziswa uma bekwazi ukubonisa ukuthi inqubo esemthethweni ewufanele. Lokhu kuye kwahlolwa ezimweni eziningana:

  • Seldon v. Clarkson Wright & Jakes (202]: iNkantolo Ephakeme yakholelwa ukuthi ubuhlobo obufuna ilungu ukuba lithathe umhlalaphansi lapho lineminyaka engu-65 babulungile. Izinhloso ezingokomthetho zazihlanganisa ukuhlela umsebenzi (ukuqhubekeka kokusebenza) kanye nokusebenzisa i-colginiga (ukungaqondisi inqubo yasebe abadala). Icala lamisa ibhande eliphezulu lokulungisa, lifuna abaqashi ukuba banikeze ubufakazi obucacile benjongo esemthethweni nelinganiswayo.
  • Hughes v. Royal London Mutunical Insuwarence Society Ltd (2029): Lelicala liphathelene nokuvikela okudluliswayo okunikezwa izisebenzi ezindala lapho udwebo lwe DB luvalelwe esikhathini esizayo lwe-cccrual. Inkantolo yokudlulisa izicelo yasekela ukuthi isivikelo soshintsho, esanika izisebenzi ezindala izinzuzo ezingcono kunezisebenzi (i-"isithiya-'umntwana"") yayifanelekiswe njengezindlela ezilinganayo zokufinyelela injongo esemthethweni yokuvikela izisebenzi ezindala ezisondela emhlalani wekhexeni. Lokhu kuhlala kuyisibonelo esibucayi sanoma isiphi isiphi icebo lokuhlela.
  • [FLT] I-Medi Ltd v. NTL Pension Trinitysuesees II Ltd [2023]): Nakuba ngokunye ngokulinganayo ngeGMP, lesi simemezelo seNkantolo ePhakeme sinemiphumela ephawulekayo yenkathi yobudala. Imiphumela yenkantolo yezibalo zokulunga ukuze ilinganise izinzuzo zamadoda nabesifazane baye baphoqelela abashaye ukuba baphinde bahlole izinguquko ezingokomlando ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi abadali izingozi ezintsha zokucwasana ngeminyaka.

I-Pensions Reguator (TPR) ilindele ukuba abantu abathemba ukunyundelwa kobudala baqonde izingozi zobandlululo lweminyaka emithethweni yabo yokuhlela nokuzisingatha ngokusebenza. Isiqondiso esivela eKhomishani yokulingana nakumalungelo abantu (EHRC) sibuye sibe inzuzo ebalulekile ehlelweni le-UK. i-EHRC inikeza izinhlelo eziningiliziwe zomsebenzi [[ ezihlanganisa ngokukhethekile impesheni yomsebenzi.

E - United States: I - ADEA ne - ERISA

E-United States, i-Age Discrimination in Act (ADEA) ka-1967 ivikela izisebenzi nabaceli bemisebenzi abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu ekucwaseni ngokusekelwe ebudaleni. I-Musteree Infectance Income Security Act (ERIS) ka-1940 imisa izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zokuthatha umhlala-phansi nokuhlela kwezempilo ezisungulwe ngokuzithandela ezimbonini zomuntu siqu ukuze kuvikelwe abantu ngalezi zinhloso. Ukuhlangana kwe-ADEA, ERISA, ne-A Servel Service Act (WBPA) kuhlanganisa ukucabangela okuyinkimbinkimbi.

  • Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kwasekuqaleni: i-ADEA ivumela izisusa zomhlalaphansi zakuqala ezivumelana nesimiso sangaphambili, kodwa amasu anjalo kumelwe abe okuzithandela. Inkokhelo noma ukukhishwa okwakhayo kungaholela ekubekeni indiva.
  • Izinzuzo Zokuqala Zomhlalaphansi: Umthetho uvumela izinzuzo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kodwa abaqashi abanakuzinqikanisa izinzuzo zezisebenzi esezikhulile ezisekelwe ebudaleni kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, icebo alikwazi ukuyeka ukuzuzisa izisebenzi ezisezingeni lokuthatha umhlalaphansi elivamile.
  • Intengo engaphezulu i-Equal Coffence:[ Ingxenye 4 (f)(2) ye-ADEA ivumela abaqashi ukuba banikeze izisebenzi esezikhulile izinzuzo ezimbalwa uma izindleko zokunikeza izisebenzi ezikhulile izinzuzo ezifanayo zinkulu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa emalungiselelweni omshuwalense wokuphila nasempilweni, kodwa ukuvikela kulinganiselwe kakhulu futhi kumelwe kulungiswe.

Icala leNkantolo Ephakeme Icala leNkathi Yomhlalaphansi elisekelwe ekusebenziseni i-EEOC v (2008) lisekelwe ekutheni icebo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi elikhubazeka ngokwendlela ehlukile esekelwe ebudalani laliyisubalele. Inkantolo yanquma ukuthi leli cebo alizange lingqubanise i-ADEA ngenxa yokuthi i-attue yayise engozini (izisebenzi ezisha zingasebenzisa ikhefu lesikhathi esizayo lokugula), hhayi inkathi yokukhubazeka. Lokhu kuqokomisa ukuhlelwa ngokwezimo zobudala obungalinganiyo, ukucalulwa kobudala kudinga ukuhlelwa. I-ECCOMportunity Commentation [FFFON]] [FOLT]] inikeza i-AEE-eputencercerse.

I - European Union: Isimiso Esisebenza Kabanzi

I-EU Aurouty Formal Framed Directive (2000/78/EC) inqabela ukucwaswa kobudala emsebenzini nasemsebenzini kuzo zonke izizwe ezingamalungu. Ithonya ngokuqondile umthetho wamazwe angu 27 e-EU, kuhlanganise ne-Jalimane (AG - General Secume Treatment Act), iFrance, ne-Netherlands. I-Descrective ivumela ubukhulu becala bokuthethelela ukuhlukanisa kobudala uma "ngokufanelekile futhi kuvunyelwe ngenhloso esemthethweni," kuhlanganise nenqubo engokomthetho yomsebenzi, imakethe yokusebenza, kanye nemisebenzi. Icala le-lebulabhuliki ye-"FLT:0] i-Manboween.[FLD:1] [200] (5] inqunywe isimiso sokuhlukanisa okungaphuculiyo esaba ukulawulwa ngokomthetho we-EURC, okumelwe kuhobe umthetho wesizwe, lapho kuholwa ngisho nemisebenzi ezindaweni ezisezinkulu kakhulu, ezimisiwe, izimo ezimisiwe ngeminyaka ezimisiwe zezezezezezezezezezeminyaka, zezezezeze

Izindinganiso Zamazwe Ngamazwe

Imbulunga yonke, iNhlangano ye-International Labour (ILO) imisa izindinganiso eziyisisekelo phakathi kwemihlangano enjenge-C111 (Umhlangano we-Employment nowokusebenza). Nakuba u-C111 engakhulumi ngokuqondile ubudala, inikeza uhlelo lokulingana kwethuba nokuphathwa, futhi imithetho eminingi yesizwe ithonywa yilezimiso. I-ILO ikhuthaza ukusondela "abantu abaphakathi" esikhathini esizayo somsebenzi[[[, okusekela ukususwa kobudala kwemingcele yezenhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle, kuhlanganise nemali yemali.

Izindawo Eziphakeme Ezinkulu: Lapho Amasu ePension Angawa khona Imithetho Yobandlululo Lweminyaka

Naphezu kwemikhankaso engokomthetho ebanzi, izinhlelo zempesheni ngokuvamile ziqukethe amalungiselelo omlando noma okwakha abangela ukucwasana okukhulu kobudala. Abathembisi kanye nabaxhasi benkampani kumelwe bahlole imithetho yabo yezinhlelo, izici zobugada, kanye nezimiso zabaqashi ezimelene nezindawo ezilandelayo eziphezulu.

Ukuthatha Umhlalaphansi Nokushintsha Ngokuzenzakalelayo Kwemihlalaphansi

Ukumisa inkathi emisiwe yomhlalaphansi (umz. 65, 68) yokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo noma ukuqala inzuzo kuyindlela esobala kakhulu yokucwaswa ngenkathi yobudala. Nakuba amanye amazwe, njenge-UK, aye aqeda kakhulu i-Egamestment Agementment Age (DRA), ahlukile kakhulu (umk., kwabanye abasebenza enkampanini, noma uma umqashi engathethelela inkathi yokuthatha umhlala-phansi ngokusemthethweni). Ngisho nalapho kungabe kusadingeka khona inkathi yokuthatha umhlala phansi, umthetho owenqabela inzuzo ye-ccruumcru noma isiqinisekiso sokuphila esimboza ngenkathi ethile i-Pritmacie discrinary futhi kumelwe ithethelelwe.

Izici Zokuhlinza Noshintsho Lokuqala Lomhlalaphansi

Izici ezisetshenziswayo ekubaleni impesheni yomhlalaphansi yangaphambi kwesikhathi, inani lesikhathi somhlalaphansi, noma ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kumelwe kugcinwe kuthatha isikhathi esiphezulu futhi kungabi yikho ukucwatshwa ngesisekelo sobudala. Ukusebenzisa iqoqo elilodwa lezici kulo lonke izisebenzi kungaba ubandlululo olungaqondile uma zisekelwe ematafuleni okufa okungaphumi phambili okungalihloniphi iqembu elithile lobudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikeza izisebenzi ezisemhlalaphansi ezisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezisebenzi ezisezincane, noma ezibhekene nesilinganiso esingaphezulu, kudinga isiqinisekiso sokusebenzisa imingcele ehlukene yokufa ngemithetho yezinhlangano zenani ezihlukahlukene ngokungazi ukuthi ihlelwe ngokungafanele ngeminyaka ethile.

Izilinganiso Zenani Leminyaka Enyaka (Izilinganiso Zomdwebo Ezinengxenye Efile)

Isici esivamile semishini ye-auto kanye nemali yempesheni yeqembu kuwukusebenzisa amazinga omnikelo ahlobene nobudala. Ngokwesibonelo, uma siqaphela ukuthi izisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-21-29 zinikela ngesithathu% nezisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-59 ezineminyaka engu-59 zinikela nge 8% umehluko ocacile osekelwe enkathini yobudala. Nakuba lezi zakhiwo ngokuvamile ziklanyelwe ukubonisa ukuthi “ukusebenza ukuphila" ukuthi ukutshala imali kungakhula kanjani, zisengozini yokubekela inselele. Umqashi kumelwe abonise ukuthi isilinganiso esihlukile siyizindlela zokufinyelela inhloso esemthethweni, njengokuqinisekisa iholo elanele lezisebenzi zonke ngaphandle kokubeka umthwalo oweqinisiwe kumqashi wasebe abadala. Umphumela uveza ukuthi izindleko eziseqophelweni.

Izinzuzo zokugula nokufa

Ukulinganisela imingcele yobudala ephakeme ngenxa yokungatholi kahle isikhathi sokuthatha umhlala-phansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuyeka ukuhogela okungalawuleki okusekelwe ebudaleni kungaba ukucwasa ngokuqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho othi "inzuzo yokugula ikhokhelwa ihlawulo kuphela uma ilungu lingaphansi kweminyaka engu 55" izindleko eziqondile zezisebenzi ezineminyaka engu 55 nangaphezulu. Umqashi kumelwe abonise ukuthi ukuphuma kuyizindlela ezihambelanayo zokufinyelela injongo esemthethweni. Ngokufanayo, ngokuzenza ngokuthanda, ukukhokhisa ukufa (umk., 2x iholo ukufinyelela eminyakeni engu-65 nangaphezulu) udinga ukuthethelelwa okukhulu.

Isiqinisekiso Esincane Sokukhishwa Kwecala (GMP) Nokucwaswa Kweminyaka

Ku-UK, imfuneko yokulingana izinzuzo zempesheni kumadoda nabesifazane uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi i-Phost Peons (GMPs) ibangele ukusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi nobandlululo lobudala. i-Munchin Media vNTL[[FL:1]] ibusa ukuthi izinguquko ezithile ezingokomlando zokuthola izinzuzo ezilinganayo zemali azisebenzi. Ukucwaswa okungokomlando ngokwenza izinguquko zemithetho yokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwemigomo kumelwe kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukudala ukucwaswa okusha. Isibonelo, sibuyisela izinzuzo zabesifazane kodwa singakhonzi ukukhomba "ubuntu obuncane" uma isilinganiso sokulingana sisho ukuthi izisebenzi ezindala azizuzisi. Uhulumeni uzama ukulingana ngokuphepha ukuzama ukuvimbela le mithetho, kodwa izingozi ezikhona. [FOPU.]

Ukulahlwa Kwesigwebo: Kunini Lapho Ukubandlululwa Kungaba Umthetho?

Ikhono lokuthethelela ukubusa kobandlululo liyikho okubaluleke kakhulu emthethweni wobandlululo lobudala njengoba lusebenza nasemashandini. Inqubo engokomthetho evumela abathembiweyo nabaqashi ukuba basebenzise indlela ehlobene nomklamo wempesheni. Ukuze baphumelele, umthetho kumelwe uhlangabezane nokuhlolwa okuyingxenye emibili:

  • [[QTL:0] I-Legitimate Umgomo: Injongo kumele ibe yeyoqobo, ingasekelwe kuma-stables obudala. Izinhloso ezisemthethweni ezivame ukuqashelwa kumadendensi zihlanganisa:
    • ukuhlela umsebenzi (umz., ukuqinisekisa ukulandelana kwabasizi, ukulawula izakhiwo).
    • Ukubuthwa nokugcinwa kwamaqembu athile.
    • Ukunikeza ibhuloho ukuba lithole isilinganiso seminyaka yempesheni kahulumeni.
    • Ukuvikela ukuphumelela kwemali yaleli cebo (isimo, ukusingatha izindleko, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi liyolondolozwa).
    • Ukukhuthaza ubulungisa phakathi kwezizukulwane.
    • Ukunciphisa umthwalo esimisweni sokulondeka sezenhlalo sikahulumeni.
  • Iprojekthi: Umthetho wobandlululo kumelwe ube indlela elinganayo yokufinyelela injongo esemthethweni. Lokhu kuyindlela eqinile yokuhlola. Kusho umthetho okumelwe ube: [
    • Appropriate (ngokuhlangeneyo nenhloso).
    • Kudingeka (kukhona okunye okungasetshenziswa kancane ekukhipheni ubandlululo).
    • Okufanele (umphumela wobandlululo ulinganiselwe ezinzuzoni zomgomo).

Umthwalo wobufakazi ukhona kumqashi noma owethenjwayo ukumisa kokubili umgomo ongokomthetho kanye nokulingana kwesilinganiso. Izinkantolo ziyobunciphisa ngokucophelela ubufakazi. Ukumane zigomela ngokuthi umthetho "umkhuba wezemboni ovamile" noma "ukukhipha" kwanele. Njengoba Huguts v. Royal London icala eliboniswe, isivikelo sezisebenzi esezikhulile singathethelelwa, kodwa umthetho owenziwe ngemuva osiza iqembu leminyaka ekulimaleni okucacile ngaphandle kwenselele.

Ithonya Ezisebenzini Ezikhulile Nasemhlanganweni Wesizukulwane

Imiphumela engokoqobo yokucwaswa kobudala obungekho emthethweni emihosheni yempesheni. Kumuntu, kungasho iholo elincishisiwe kakhulu, eliholela empundeni, ekungalondeki ngokwezimali, nasekuphileni okuphansi. Izisebenzi esezikhulile eziphoqelelwe ukuba ziphume emsebenzini ngenxa yokukhishwa kwemithetho yezembulo azilahlekelwanga imali kuphela kodwa futhi nezihlobana nemali yomphakathi. Kulowo mqashi nelungiselelo lempesheni, imiphumela ihlanganisa:

  • Imali esemthethweni:[ Iziphakamiso zokulimaza (kuhlanganise ukulimala kwemizwa) kanye nemfuneko yokubuyisela izinzuzo noma ukukhokha imbuyiselo kulo lonke isigaba samalungu.
  • Ingozi ye-Reputal: Ezweni eliziqaphelayo, ukuthola ubandlululo kungalimaza uhlobo lwenkampani nekhono lokukhanga italenta.
  • Ukungavumelani okungalawuleki: Ukusebenzelana nobukhulu bokuzivivinya okulinganayo (umz., ukulingana) kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwendlela yokuphatha futhi kuyabiza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwaswa kwabantu abahlala emihlala - phansi kwandisa inselele enkulu yezenhlalakahle yomphakathi yokungakhethi kwezizukulwane. Izisebenzi ezisencane zingabona ukuthi izizukulwane ezindala ziwu "ukuphakamisa" izinzuzo ze DB eziphakelele, kuyilapho izisebenzi esezikhulile zingazizwa "ziqediwe" emsebenzini ngezinzuzo eziguquguqukayo eziklanyelwe amaqembu amasha. Isimiso somhlalaphansi esilungile nesilinganayo, esiklanyelwe ukuvumelana nemithetho yobudala yokucwasana, iyisisekelo sokuzinza kwezenhlalo nezentengiselwano esebenzayo.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokubambisana: Imapu Yabaqashi Nabatheli

Abaqashi nabantu abathenjwayo kufanele bafake isiko elihlobana nokulingana kuzo zonke izici zohlelo lwempesheni nokuphatha.

Qhubekani Nibhekana Nezingqinamba

Bukeza yonke imithetho yohlelo, izivumelwano zokwethembana, izici zomnyaka (umhlala-phantsi wokuqala, umhlala-phansi wesikhathi seholide, ukuthutha, ukugula kwempilo, nezimiso zokuphatha. Qinisa noma yimiphi imikhawulo yeminyaka, imingcele enqunyiwe, noma ukuphathwa okungafani kwamalungu asekelwe eqenjini lawo elidala. Lokhu kubhaliswa kwamanani kufanele kwenziwe ngemithetho ngemali yempesheni nangesemkhankani.

Khulula isheya nentsheli-sabelo

Kunoma iliphi ilungiselelo elisekelwe ebudalani elibonakala, umqashi kanye nabaphathiswa kumelwe babhale phansi injongo engokomthetho abayiphishekele futhi nobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi lelilungiselelo liyindlela elinganayo yokulifinyelela. Le mibhalo kumelwe ihlangane futhi iqine. Kufanele ibukezwe njalo, njengoba umongo (imakethe yokudayisa, isilinganiso sokuphila, izimo zezomnotho) uphenduka.

Bukeza Zonke Izinguquko Ukuze Uzuze Umklamo

Noma isiphi isiphakamiso sokuvala icebo lokulungisa isilinganiso semali efakwayo esikhathini esizayo, ukushintsha amazinga omnikelo, ukushintsha iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, noma izinzuzo ezishintshwe kumele zibekwe ekusebenziseni i-Ecial Assesss (EIA). Lokhu kuhlola kumelwe kucabangele ithonya emaqenjini ahlukene obudala futhi kuhlole izindlela zokungasebenzisi ubandlululo. Huguges[[ icala elibonisa ukuthi isivikelo esishintshashintshayo sezisebenzi esezikhulile zingaphumelela ekuhloleni ukulunga, kodwa lokhu kumelwe kucaciswe ngokucacile.

Abaseqenjini Lesitimela Namaqembu E - HR

Abantu abathenjwayo banomsebenzi wokungathathi hlangothi olufanayo nomthetho olinganayo, kodwa abaningi abakuqeqeshi ngokuqondile ukucwasana ngeminyaka. Izinkathi zokuqeqesha ezithatha njalo ukushintshwa komthetho wecala (njenge-[FLT: 0]] Vargin Media v NTL[[FL:1]] noma SELdon)] nezimiso zokuzithethelela okunenjongo zibalulekile. I-HR kumele futhi iqonde imiphumela yemithetho yempesheni ethinta ukuqashwa, ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi, nokuthatha izingxoxo zomhlala.

Ukuxhumana kwe-Foster okubonisa ngale

Amalungu kufanele aqonde ukuthi ikuphi okuwumcabango ongase ungenele imithetho ezuzisayo. Uma icebo lilungiswa, ukuxoxa ngezizathu zebhizinisi nokucabangela ngokungakhethi kunganciphisa ingozi yokufuna ukukhomba. Ukuthola impendulo yamalungu kungaqokomisa futhi imiphumela engase ilahlekelwe yizibalo ze-desktop.

Isiphetho: Ikusasa Lezilinganiso Zeminyaka

Ukucwasana ngeminyaka ezinzuzo zomhlalaphansi akuyona ingozi engokomthetho eqhubekayo; iqala ngezimiso zezentengiselwano, izimo zezomnotho, nomthetho wezezimali. Ukuthambekela kwembulunga yonke kusekuvikelekeni okukhulu kwezisebenzi esezikhulile nemfuneko enamandla yokuzivumelanisa ngokusemthethweni nanoma yikuphi ukuhlukana kweminyaka. Ukunyuka komnikelo (DC) kanye nokungalingani okuqhubekayo kweGMP kuzoqhubeka nokubekela inselele ukuthembana kwabaqashi nabaqashi. Nokho, labo abamukela i-profectionance, impatho eyingozi ebekelwe ngokomthetho ukusondela ku-$] ukuhlelwa kwezeluleko oluqinile, isayensi eqinile, futhi ukuzinikela okuqotho kokuhamba kule ndawo eyinkimbinkimbi. Injongo ephelele iwukukwakha izimiso zemali ezivikela, ezifanele, nezinhle kakhulu ezisekela izakhamuzi zonke, nezinhlala kahle.