Into Entsha Ebalulekile: Isizathu Sokuba Kubaluleke Ukufunda Nokubhala Ezindabeni Manje

Kulenkathi yanamuhla yezokuxhumana, ikhono lokusebenzisa ukwaziswa okungapheli aliseyona into engcono kakhulu . Izakhamuzi zibhekene nezihloko zezindaba zentando yeningi, imithombo yezokuxhumana, amavidiyo, nezihloko zezindaba ezincintisanayo ukuze zinake futhi zikholelwe. Ikhono lokuhlukanisa ubufakazi obukholekayo ekusebenziseni, ukungabaza umthombo nenhloso yomyalezo, nokuhlanganyela empikiswaneni yomphakathi ethembekile kwakha umsuka wezokufunda imithombo yezindaba. Njengoba ulwazi olungenalwazi luye lwanda ngokushesha kunanini ngaphambili, ulwazi lwezezindaba luye lwavela njengekhono elibalulekile lomphakathi elisekela ukuqashelwa kwesinqumo, ukuvikela inkulumo yasobala, futhi ekugcineni liqinisa inqubo yentando yentando yeningi.

Imithombo yezindaba inikeza abantu amandla okuhlaziya izigijimi zemithombo yezindaba, ukuqonda indima yemithombo yezindaba ekulolongeni umbono womphakathi, futhi benze ngosizo ngokwaziswa abakuhlanganyelayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuncintisana, abavoti bangathonywa yizindaba ezingamanga, imizamo yempilo yomphakathi ingalulazwa, futhi inciphe izenhlalo. Lesihloko sihlola ukuthi kungani ukufunda imithombo yezindaba kubalulekile ekutholweni kwentando yeningi, ukuthi ukuqamba amanga kusebenza kanjani, nokuthi yini esobala abantu, othisha, nemiphakathi kungathathani ukuze kwakhe isayensi eqinile yokwaziswa.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemithombo Yezindaba Nokukhula Kolwazi Olungalungile

Indawo yokwaziswa iye yashintsha kakhulu. Eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, abantu abaningi bathola izindaba kumhleli abambalwa abathenjwayo, abasakazi, namaphephandaba. Namuhla, abagcini bamasango baye bathathelwa indawo yi-algorithm, izithonjana, nokulandisa okungaziwa. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwesimiso sokuhlela ulwazi nokusakaza kwaletha izinzuzo eziningi. (amazwi ahlukene, ukushintshwa kwangempela, nokufinyelelwa kwembulunga yonke) kodwa futhi kwavula amafasitele okungamanga nadukisa.

Ukudunyiswa akusona isenzakalo esisha, kodwa isivinini saso, isikali, nobuchwepheshe asisona iso ngaphambili. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, iNhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo yasungula igama elithi “ulwazi” lokuchaza i-tsunami yokwaziswa okungamanga okwasakazeka eduze kwegciwane. Ukusukela ekuphulukisweni ngenkohliso kuya emfundisweni yozungu, ukulahlekelwa kwabantu yizinto ezingekho mthethweni. Ngokufanayo, imijikelezo yokukhetha emhlabeni wonke iye yabona imikhankanti eklanyelwe ukunqanda ukupheka, ukuhlwaya, ukukhubaza, nokuhlanganisa imiphakathi. Ukuqonda amakhemikhakha inyathelo alo alo lokuqala ekwakheni intengo yokwakha izikhali ezimelene nabo.

Izinhlobo Zokwaziswa Okungalungile Nokungatholakali

Ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba emanzini agundiwe, izakhamuzi kumelwe ziqale ziqonde ukuthi zimelene nani. Indawo yokwaziswa iqukethe izinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene zenkinga:

  • I-Diffixinformation: ulwazi olungamanga noma oludukisayo olwakhiwe ngenhloso yokukhohlisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izihloko zezindaba zenkohliso, izithombe ezigunyaziwe, nezingcaphuno eziqanjiwe. I-diffinformation ivame ukuhlohlwa abadlali bezombangazwe, ohulumeni bangaphandle, namaqembu amanyathi.
  • Imistformation: Ukwaziswa okungamanga noma okunganembile okuhlanganyelwa ngaphandle kwenhloso embi. Othile oguqula isixwayiso sesimo sezulu esiphelelwe isikhathi noma icebo lempilo elingaqondwanga kabi ukusakaza udaba olungeyilo. Nakuba kungekona okulimaza ngamabomu, kungadala umonakalo wangempela uma kungalungiswa.
  • Imininingwane esekelwe entweni engokoqobo kodwa ethathwe emongweni noma esetshenziswa ukulimaza. Ukulimaza, ukuphindisela, kanye nokuhlela amavidiyo kuwela kulesisigaba. Okuqukethwe akunankohliso, kodwa ukulandisa kanye nenhloso yayo kuyingozi.
  • Fake News: Igama ekuqaleni elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izindaba eziqanjiwe eziklanyelwe ukufana nezindaba ezisemthethweni, manje ezivame ukuthathwa njengesikhali sezombangazwe sokululaza ukubika okuthembekile. Libhekisela ngokuqondile ekusungulweni kwezindaba ezifana nezindaba.

Uhlobo ngalunye ludinga ukusabela okuhlukile. Ukudayiswa kwe-information kudinga ukuhlolwa nokuchayeka kweqiniso, kanti ukungatholi ulwazi kungadinga ukungenela okungokomthetho noma okuseqophelweni eliphezulu. Ukufunda i-media kusiza abantu ukuba bazi lezi zigaba futhi basebenzise ukungabaza okufanele.

Ukufunda Okukhishwa Imithombo Yezindaba Njengendlela Yokusebenzisa Intando Yeningi

Uma lokho okukhethwa kungashiwonga kahle, sonke isimiso siyahlupheka. Ukufunda imithombo yezindaba akuyona nje indlela yokuzivikela ekwazisweni okubi; kungokokulondoloza indawo yomphakathi lapho kungaxoxwa khona ngempikiswano.

Ukwazi Isinqumo Ebhokisini Lebhola

Umvoti okholelwa ukuthi indaba eqanjiwe ngomlando wobugebengu wombhalisa iye yahlanekezelwa ngenkohliso. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ngisho nokuchayeka isikhashana ekwazisweni okungamanga kwezombangazwe kungashintsha isimo sengqondo nezinhloso zokuvota, nokuthi lemiphumela ingaqhubeka naphezu kokulungisa kamuva. Ukubhala nokubhala amathuluzi ahlobisa abavoti ngamathuluzi okuqinisekisa izinkulumo, ukuhlola imithombo, nokumelana nokusetshenziswa kwemizwelo. Ezweni lapho amavidiyo ajulile ezithombe zomphakathi engenza khona ukuba kubonakale sengathi asho izinto ezingakaze zishilo, ikhono lokuhlola ngokugxeka libaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda okukhishwa imithombo yezindaba kubangela ukungabaza okunempilo ngaphandle kokugxeka. Kufundisa izakhamuzi ukuba zibuze: Ubani owadala lesi sigijimi? Ngaziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuze nginake ukunaka?

Ukulwa Nokucwasana Kwezenhlalo

Ama-mistinformation ngokuvamile asebenzisa izilinganiso zomphakathi ezikhona futhi abangela ukuhlukana. Imithetho yezobungane ivame ukusunduza abasebenzisi ekuthokozeni ngokweqile ngoba ibangela ukuthembisana okwengeziwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabamba abantu emagumbini okuqinisekisa kuphela lapho imibono ibonwa khona. I-Media ukufundisa ukuchayeka kombono ohlukene nokuzikhetha okugxekayo ngemibono yomuntu siqu. Ikhuthaza umkhuba “wokufunda ngokufunda ngokulandelana” ." ivula ama-tab amasha ukuze ihlole idumela lomthombo ngaphambi kokuwethemba. [[FLT:] syford History Education Group futhi isetshenziswa yizimocrier.

Inani labantu abaqeqeshelwe ukufunda imithombo yezindaba alikho nokwenzeka ukuba lithonywe ukuqhuma kwentukuthelo futhi lingahlanganyela engxoxweni eyakhayo phakathi kokungaboni ukuhluka. Lokhu kubalulekile emphakathini osebenza ngokuphambana.

I - Psychology of Information: Isizathu Sokuba Singavikeleki

Ukuze sakhe amakhono aphumelelayo okufunda emithonjeni yezindaba, kumelwe siqonde ubandlululo lokucabanga nezici ezingokwengqondo ezenza abantu bathambekele ekutholeni ukwaziswa okungeyikho.

Ukuqinisekisa I - Bias

Abantu ngokwemvelo bathanda ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo zabo ezikhona. I-Mishformation evumelana nombono womuntu wezwe izizwa iyiqiniso, futhi iqukethe okubonakala kuyinselele. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubandlululo lungomunye wabashayeli abanamandla kakhulu bezinkolelo ezindabeni zamanga. Ukuqeqeshwa kokufundela ubudadisi kumelwe kusize abantu ukuba baqaphele lokhu kuthambekela futhi bakhe imikhuba yokufuna ubufakazi obungaqiniseki.

Umphumela Weqiniso Eliwukukhohlisa

Ukuchayeka njalo ekutheni kuyinto ethile kukhulisa iqiniso layo elibonakala liyiphutha, ngisho noma lokho kungamanga. Yingakho ukwaziswa okunganembile ngokuvamile kusakazeka ngokuphindaphinda phakathi kwamapulatifomu amaningi. Amaqiniso ngokuvamile alwa kanzima ukuze athole, futhi lapho amanga elahlwa, kungenzeka ukuthi aseboneke kangamakhulu ezinkulungwane. Ukufunda i zindaba kufundisa abantu ukuma ngaphambi kokuba bahlanganyele futhi bahlole kuqala.

Ukukhanga Ngokomzwelo

I-mistprogist ivame ukuvusa imizwelo enamandla − ukwesaba, intukuthelo, ukucasuka, ngenxa yokuthi lemizwa icindezela ukucabanga okugxekayo futhi ikhuthaza ukuxoxa ngokushesha. Isihloko esikhulu esikwenza uthukuthele sicishe sicotshwe futhi sihlangane nabanye kunaleso esilinganiswayo. Ukuqaphela ukuxhashazwa ngokomzwelo kuyikhono eliyinhloko lokufunda imithombo yezindaba. Ukubuza: “Ingabe lokhu okuqukethweyo kufuna ukuba ngithathe isinyathelo ngemizwelo kunokuba ngikucabange?” kungaphazamisa imizwelo yokusakaza ukwaziswa okungaqondani.

Izinqubo Eziwusizo Zokuthuthukisa Ukufunda Okuqukethwe Imithombo Yezindaba

Ukufunda imithombo yezindaba akuyona nje indlela yokucabanga; kuyiqoqo lamakhono asebenzayo angasetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ngezansi kunezinqubo ezisekelwe ebufakazini abantu abangazenza ukuze bakhe imisipha yabo yokufunda.

Hlaziya Umthombo Nomlobi

Phambi kokwethemba ukwaziswa, hlola umthombo. Ingabe iyinhlangano yezindaba esemthethweni enezindinganiso zomhleli? Ingabe umlobi uyisazi esiqashelwe esinezimfanelo ezifanele? Ukuseshwa okusheshayo kungambula ukuthi i-media Bias [[FLT:] i-NewsNews / project inikeza izilinganiso zezinkulungwane zezindawo zezindaba.

Ukwaziswa okuxhuzuliwe Kusetshenziswa “Ukufunda Kwangesikhathi Esidlule” Indlela

Iqiniso liqabukela lichitha isikhathi esiningi esakhiweni ngokwaso. Kunalokho, bavula ama-tab amaningi ukuze babone ukuthi imithombo ethenjwayo ithini ngezwi elifanayo. Lomkhuba, obizwa ngokuthi ukufunda izibalo zamuva, uphumelela kakhulu kunokufunda uqonde ngqo (uma uhlala kwelinye ikhasi futhi uzame ukuyihlola ngokuzihlukanisa). Ukuzijwayeza: uma uhlangana nendaba emangazayo noma edidayo, vula i-tab entsha bese uhlola isihloko esingathathi hlangothi kanye nendawo egcina iqiniso enjenge Snopens, [FLT:] FLD[F:]ct [FLT]] [FLT[FLD]] [FL:]], noma [FLT:]

Ukuqonda I - bias Nezinhlobo Zayo Eziningi

Yonke imithombo yezindaba inobandlululo oluthile (ezezombangazwe, ezempucuko, noma ezentengiselwano. Umgomo wokufunda imithombo yezindaba awukhona ukuqeda ubandlululo (olungakholeki) kodwa ukuluqaphela nokululinganisa kahle. Funda ukubona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zobandlululo: ubandlululo ngokushiyeka (ukuthola amaqiniso asekela uhlangothi olulodwa), ubandlululo ngokubhala amagama athwele njenge- “radist” vs. “ukulinganisela”, kanye nokucwaswa (ngokuphawulekayo kakhulu). Ukudla okungahambisani nezindaba okuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwemisebe yezombangazwe kungasiza ekubekeni ikhampasi yomuntu yangaphakathi.

Yiba Nemibono Ephambene Ngenhlonipho

Funa imibono ehlukile kweyakho, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni ongayivumelani nayo. Lokhu akusho ukwamukela amanga, kodwa ukuqonda izimpikiswano nobufakazi obusekela ezinye izikhundla. Ukufunda i media kuyachuma ezimweni lapho abantu bengaxoxa khona ngokungavumelani ngaphandle kokuhlasela komuntu siqu. Ukulalela labo esingavumelani nabo kuthuthukisa ukuthobeka kwengqondo futhi kunciphisa amandla ezindawo zokukhipha amaphuzu.

Misa okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela

Isu elilula neliphumelela kakhulu: ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele noma isiphi isici, thatha imizuzwana eyishumi ubuze: Ingabe ngiyazi ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso? Ingabe ngikuqinisekisile? Ingabe kungakhohlisa? Ukudukisa okuningi kusakazeka ngenxa nje yokuthi abantu bahlanganyela ekushiseni. Ukungahlangani kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusakazeka kokuqukethwe okungamanga.

Indima Yemfundo Ekuthuthukiseni Ukubhala Ngemithombo Yezindaba

Izikole ziyizikhungo ezithembisa kakhulu ukwakha ukufunda nokubhala okusakazekile kwezokuxhumana. Amazwe anjengeFinland aye ahlanganisa ukufunda imithombo yezindaba ezifundweni zawo zesizwe kusukela esemncane, okuphumela komunye wemiphakathi eqanjwe kakhulu emhlabeni. Ezinye izizwe zithola ulwazi kodwa umsebenzi uyaqhubeka.

Ukusakaza Ukufunda Ezezindaba Ngalé Kwezindaba

Izincwadi zezokuxhumana akumelwe zibe yizifundo ezithatha indawo; kufanele zihlanganiswe emlandweni, emasimini, emisebenzi yobuciko yolimi, futhi ngisho nasezifundweni zesayensi. Emlandweni, abafundi bangahlaziya inkulumo- zenkulumo exoxile evela ezikhathini ezihlukahlukene. Kusesayensi, bangahlola ukuthembeka kwezifundo zempilo nemithombo ye-othorian. Emphakathini womphakathi, bangahlola indlela imithombo yezindaba ethonya ngayo ukukhetha nenqubo. Lapho ukufunda imithombo yezindaba ifundiswa njengekhono lokunikeza isijeziso, abafundi bakubona njengokusemqoka kuzo zonke izici zokuphila.

Imisebenzi Yokuzivivinya Okubucayi

Izinkulumo ezidluliswayo aziphumeleli; abafundi bafunda kangcono ngokwenza. Othisha bangaklama imisebenzi lapho abafundi bezenzela khona izihloko zabo siqu zezindaba bese behlaziya umsebenzi wabafundi abafunda nabo wezembuyiselo nowokunemba. Bangahlola izikhundla zangempela zezokuxhumana zezenhlalo futhi baphawule amasu okuchaza. Izinhlelo ezinjenge- Project ye-Newscrinity[ inikeza imithombo yesikole nemidlalo ehambisanayo njenge- “Celogist" eyenza ukufunda nokusebenza.

Intuthuko Engochwepheshe Yothisha

Othisha abaningi ngokwabo abakuqeqeshelwanga ukufunda imithombo yezindaba. izikole nezigodi kumelwe zifake imali entuthukweni yobuchwepheshe ehlomisa othisha kokubili ngamathuluzi awusizo okufundisa lamakhono. Izikole zomsebenzi, izifundo ze - Internet, kanye nokubambisana nezikole zokubhala ngezincwadi kungasiza ekwakheni amakhono.

Indima Yezinhlangano Zobuchwepheshe Nesimiso

Imizamo yomuntu ngamunye nemfundo iyodwa ayinakuxazulula inkinga engekho kahle. Izisusa zokwakha zezindawo zezokuxhumana zezezokuxhumana − `i-engagement-algoriths, i-octrimed, kanye nokuhlohlwa okungasho lutho okungaqondakali kahle,----"ukwenza indawo evundile yokumangalela. Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zihlanganyela icala lempilo yesimo sezokusebenza kwe-mongolwazi.

Ukulandisa Nokushintsha Komklamo

Iminyaka yamuva nje kuye kwathathwa izinyathelo ezithile: ama-clupt anjenge-Twitter (manje engu X) ne-Facebook zaqala izimpawu zokudukisa okuqukethwe, izigqebhezana ezibekwe phansi ziphawulwe yizinhloli zeqiniso, futhi zisuswe izinhlanganisela ze-metains. Nokho, lemizamo ayivumelani futhi yenza i-mediagnomethis i- projectives icela i-algoringstions ukubeka imithombo enegunya, yenza amalebulandiza abonakalayo kakhulu, futhi inikeza abasebenzisi abakwazi ukufinyelela kalula emongweni naselungeni.

Izindlela Zokufinyelela Imithetho

Ohulumeni abaningana bahlola umthetho ukuze bakhulume kabi. I-European Union’s Digital Services Act idinga amapulatifomu amakhulu ukuze kuhlolwe izingozi ezingokwesimiso, kuhlanganise nokusakazeka kokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni kanye nokukhipha ulwazi, nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokulinganisela. Isenzo futhi siyagunyaza ukuba kube nokuvela kwezentengiselwano namanani agunyaza. E-United States, izimpikiswano ziyaqhubeka ngaphezu kuka- 230 kwe-Decametic Expect, okuvikela izikwele ezinecala lomsebenzisi. Noma isiphi inguquko kumelwe silinganisele inkululeko yokukhuluma nesidingo sokuvimbela amaphutha. Imfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yabafundi isekela imizamo enjalo yokushaya umthetho ngokwakha ukuqonda umphakathi ukuthi kungani umthetho ungaba yimfuneko.

Izinyathelo Zomphakathi Nezimpande Zomthofu

Ngaphandle kwezikole nomthetho, imiphakathi yendawo inendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukufunda nokubhala emithonjeni yezindaba. Abantu bathemba abaqondisi bezincwadi bendawo, abaholi bomphakathi, nomakhelwane. Lezi zithunywa ezithembekile zingaba iziteshi ezinamandla zokusakaza amakhono okucabanga agxekayo.

Izikole Zomsebenzi Nemibuthano Yomphakathi

Imitapo yezincwadi, izikhungo zomphakathi, kanye nezinhlangano zenkolo zingathola amashabhu ehhala ekutholeni ukwaziswa okunganembile. Izinqumo zingahlanganisa indlela yokusebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola iqiniso, indlela yokuqaphela izithombe ezisetshenziswayo, nendlela yokuba nezingxoxo namalungu omkhaya ahlanganyela ukwaziswa okungamanga. I-American Library Association’s iMediaslibribacture eMtatsheni wezincwadi [[ ilungiselela izinhlelo ezilungiselelwe.

Ubuhlobo Nezinhlangano Zezindaba Zendawo

Amaphephandaba nama-radio endawo angaphatha izingxenye ezisemithonjeni yokufunda yezokuxhumana masonto onke, achaze indlela ethile noma alahle amahlebezi avelele endawo. Ezinye izikhangiso zezindaba ziye zadala “amaqembu athembisene” achaza inqubo yawo yokubika futhi afake imibuzo emphakathini. Uma ukudayisa amaphephandaba kuveza ngokucacile ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kwakha ukwethembana nezenzo ezinhle.

Imizamo Yobuchwepheshe Yaselayinini Nemfundo Yontanga

I-social Wetwork ngokwayo ingasetshenziswa kahle. I-Campainsers enjenge- “# Shiya Isabelo” ikhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba bame ngaphambi kokusola. Izinhlangano ezihlola amaqiniso ngokuvamile ngemva kokuphuma kwemibhoshongo engahlanganyelwa kalula. Imfundo yontanga iphumelela kakhulu phakathi kwenani labentsha; izinhlelo eziqeqesha abafundi ukuba babe “amanxusa afundisa ontanga babo” ziyathandwa.

Isiphetho: Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuhlanganyela Ngekusasa Elimisiwe

Ukufunda imithombo yezindaba akusona isithasiselo sokunethezekisa noma sokuzikhethela esabelweni sobuzwe. Kuyikhono eliyisisekelo lokulawula ukuphila kwanamuhla nokuvikela izinhlangano zentando yeningi. Izinga lenselele yokungaqondi kahle lingase lizizwe likhungathekile, kodwa ikhambi lisenhlanganiseni yokuqapha komuntu ngamunye, imfundo eqinile, ukulandisa emapulatifomu, kanye nezenzo zomphakathi.

Ngamunye wethu unendima angayifeza. Njengabathengi bokwaziswa, singaprakthiza ukufunda okulandelayo, singabaza ubandlululo lwethu, futhi sixoxe ngalokho esikuqinisekisile kuphela. Njengezakhamuzi, singasekela izimiso ezithuthukisa umthwalo wemfanelo wokubona ngapha nangapha. Njengabafundisi, abazali, nabaholi bomphakathi, singafaka imali ekhonweni lesizukulwane esilandelayo lokucabanga ngokugxeka imithombo yezindaba esihlangana nayo.

Intando yeningi iyachuma uma amaqembu ayo etshelwa, engaqiniseki ngezindlela ezilungile, futhi ezinikele eqinisweni njengenani elihlanganyelwe. Ngokuqala ukufunda izinto zezindaba, asikhi nje kuphela abenzi besinqumo abangcono kodwa sisakha umphakathi oqinile nongaguquguquki. Isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo manje; amathuluzi asezandleni zethu. Masiwasebenzise ngokuhlakanipha.