I-Civic brand iyisisekelo sanoma yimuphi umphakathi onempilo, osebenza ngentando yeningi. Idlula ukuqondwa okulula kwezinqubo zikahulumeni; ulwazi olubanzi, amakhono, kanye nezimo zengqondo ezenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekulolongeni imiphakathi yazo, zigcine abaholi bazo benobuthakazelo, futhi zivikele izinkolelo zentando yeningi ezisekela isizwe sabo. Esikhathini esichazwa ukugeleza ngokushesha kolwazi, ukuhlahlela kwezombangazwe, nezinselele zomphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, isidingo sabantu abafundekayo abafundekayo asikazeliphuthuma kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola indalo ehlanganisa izakhamuzi eziningi, indima yayo ebucayi ekulawuleni izwe, izinselele, izinselele ezibhekenezokuliqinisa izizukulwane ezizayo.

Iyini Incazelo Enengqondo Yokubhala Nokubhala?

Ikhono lokufunda nokubhala liyikhono lokuqonda nokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ezicini zokuzilawula. Akukona nje ukukhumbula amagatsha kahulumeni noma izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo; luwulwazi oluwusizo, olusetshenziswayo olunika abantu amandla okuqondisa indawo yomphakathi. Ekujuleni kwalo, ukufunda izakhamuzi kuhlanganisa:

  • Ulwazi lwezakhiwo zikahulumeni nemisebenzi: Ukuqonda indlela ohulumeni bendawo, uhulumeni, nohulumeni abasebenza ngayo, kuhlanganise nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, ukuhlola nokulinganisela, nendima yejaji.
  • [ Amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo:[ Ukuqonda okucacile kwamalungelo ayisisekelo avikelwe umthetho (umzk., inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuvota, ukuvota) nemithwalo yemfanelo ehambelanayo yezakhamuzi, njengokulalela imithetho, ukukhokha izintela, ukukhonza emajajini, nokunikela ekwakheni okuhle.
  • Ubuchwepheshe be-kivic Accect:[ Ikhono lokuhlola izindaba zokucwaninga, ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa, ukuxoxa ngemibono engafani ngenhlonipho, ukubambisana nabanye, nokuthatha isinyathelo esihlangene (ngokwenza umsebenzi wokuvota, ukuqamba, inkonzo yomphakathi, noma ngokuhlola umphakathi.
  • Ukuqonda i-democratic Facial ne-Principles:[ Ukuzimisela ukukhomba izindinganiso ezinjengobulungisa, ukulingana, ukubusa komthetho, ukubekezelelana, nokuzicabangela njengesisekelo sokuxazulula izingxabano nokwenza izinqumo ezihlangene.

Izazi nezinhlangano sekuyisikhathi eside zigcizelela lezizilinganiso. Antenberg Policy Center ukucwaninga kwaminyaka yonke okuyembula njalo izikhala ezibalulekile olwazini oluyisisekelo ngohulumeni nangomthetho-mthetho phakathi kwabantu abadala baseMelika. Ngokufanayo, Centreter ye-CBICO Comment[ ichaza ukufundisa kwezemfundo yomphakathi njengengxenye yemfundo ebanzi ye-"ccvision" elungiselela abantu ngabanye "imvume nengxenye engoko engoko esemthethweni ekuphileni kwe-democralitiki.""

Imisuka Engokomlando Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Kwanamuhla

Umqondo wokwazi ukufunda nokubhala wesizwe usekelwe kakhulu emfundisweni yentando yeningi. Kusukela kuThomas Jefferson umbono womphakathi ofundile njengo "abavikeli abazimele" benkululeko kuhulumeni basekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, umqondo wokuthi idemokrasi ifuna izakhamuzi ezifundile awuguquguquki. Nokho, okuqukethwe nezindlela zokufundisa umphakathi kuvele ngokuphawulekayo. Kudala, ukufunda kwezemfundo yesizwe kwagxila kakhulu ekubhaleni ngekhanda amaqiniso ngohulumeni. Namuhla, ukugcizelelwa kuye kwabhekiswa emasandleni ezakhamuzi [[[FLT:]]: ukufundisa ukuthi abafundi abafunda izimemezelo zomthetho womphakathi baye baba umthetho obalulekile. kodwa indlela abakwazi ngayo ukuhlanganisana ngempela nabameleli bomphakathi, kusukela ekuhleleni inqubo yomthetho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkathi yezokuxhumana iye yandisa izinga lalokho izakhamuzi ezidinga ukukwazi. Ukufunda kwanamuhla kumelwe kuhlanganise ukufunda ngemishini yezokuxhumana, ukukwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa kuyi - Internet, ukuqaphela ukwaziswa okunganembile nokungagunyazi, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi emishini ukuze kuqhutshwe izakhamuzi. Inselele iwukuthi amapulatifomu anjengemithombo yezokuxhumana angasiza ekubekeni isibopho sokuhlangana nokuhlukana, okwenza ukucabanga ngekhono elibalulekile lomphakathi kubonakale.

Ukubaluleka Kokufunda Ngentando Yeningi

Idemokrasi inamandla kuphela njengokuhlanganyela nokwahlulela kwezakhamuzi zayo. Uma ukufunda nokubhala kwangaphakathi kusakazeke kakhulu, imiphakathi izuza ku-voti abaphambili, izimpikiswano zezimiso ezinolwazi, ukuthembela komphakathi ezinhlanganweni, nemiphakathi eqinile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungaqondi komphakathi kungaholela ekunganakini, ukungathakazelelwa, ukuchachayeka, ukuchayeka ekusebenziseni idemokrasi, nokukhukhuleka kwezimiso zentando yeningi.

Amandla Nenhlangano

Ulwazi lunikeza amandla. Izakhamuzi eziqonda indlela uhulumeni wazo osebenza ngayo zisengozini enkulu yokufaka uchweba okhethweni, zikhona ekuqulweni kwezindlebe zomphakathi, zijoyine amaqembu aphezulu ezokuzisebenzela, futhi zilwele ngisho nokuzisebenzela zona ngokwazo. Ukucwaninga kwezeNguqulo yolwazi & Ukucwaninga nge-CUNIC Learting and Citymentationmentation kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abathola imfundo ephezulu yomphakathi bangaba nethuba lokuvota, bahlanganyele enkonzweni yomphakathi, futhi baveze ukuzimisela ukuhlanganyela komphakathi kamuva ekuphileni. Lomqondo wokuguqula abantu abangaphansi kwezisebenzi ukuba baphume ezigxotsheni zabo.

Ukuvikela Ukubusa Ngentando Yeningi Ekuncipheni

Izimiso zedemokrasi zincike ekuqondeni okuhlanganyelweyo kwezimiso ezinjengokwamukela imiphumela yokukhetha, ukuhlonipha ukubusa komthetho, nokuvikela amalungelo amancane. Uma ukuncipha kokufunda nokubhala, umphakathi uba sengozini enkulu yokugunyaza izikhalo [, izinkolelo zozungu, kanye nemizamo yokususa izinhlangano zentando yeningi. Unyaka ka 2020 ukutadisha [umthetho wentando yeningi] ungenisa iNhlangano ephansi yolwazi ngokwandisa ukusekela ubudlova bezombangazwe nokungamukeleki kwesimiso sombuso wentando yeningi. Ngakho, ukukhuthaza ukufunda ukufundisa akuwona umgomo nje ofundisayodwa [FLT:] uvikela ngokuqondile [FLT] iNhlangano yentando yentando yeningi.[FLT]

Inkulumo Ekhuthazayo Nenomphakathi

Kumphakathi ohlukene, izakhamuzi zizophikisana ngezindaba eziningi. Ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kuhlobisa abantu ngamathuluzi okungenela ukuxoxa okungaqondakaliyo [ — ukuveza izimpikiswano, ukulalela imibono ephikisanayo, nokufuna isisekelo esifanayo ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekuhlaseleni komuntu siqu noma ekuhlaseleni kobudemoni. Lo mandla okuthola ulwazi, impikiswano ehloniphekayo abalulekile ekutholeni izixazululo zezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphandle kwayo, inkulumo yasobala iphenduka imigqashulwano eklabhu, i-grid, nezimiso ezingalungile.

Ukufunda Ngemfundo: Ukusuka Esikoleni Kuya Ekufundeni Okuhlala Njalo

Nakuba ukufunda nokubhala kwabantu basemadolobheni kungathuthukiswa noma ngabe ingakanani ubudala, imfundo yasekhaya iseyindlela ehlelekile nelinganayo yokwakha lemincintiswano. Ukuthuthukisa imfundo yomphakathi kuwo wonke amabanga amabanga aphansi nezihloko kubaluleke kakhulu.

Imfundo yeCivic: Isisekelo

Sekungamashumi eminyaka imfundo yomphakathi ezikoleni zase-U.S. iqalwa ngokuguquguquka, ifakwa ngemithetho egxile ekufundeni, ezibaloni, nasesayensini. Nokho, kukhona izinhlelo eziphezulu eziphezulu. Izinqubo eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa:

  • Imfundo eqinile kuHulumeni noMlandu: Izifundo eziqinile ezihlanganisa iSimemezelo senkululeko, uMthetho-sisekelo, iBhili lamalungelo, amacala eNkantolo evelele, nendlela uhulumeni, uhulumeni, nohulumeni bendawo osebenza ngayo.
  • Izilinganiso kanye nokudlala-ndima:[ Izinhlelo ezinjenge [ izikhonkwane [ zinikeza imidlalo ehambisanayo eyenza abafundi basebenze njengabahluleli, izishayamthetho, noma izikhulu zegatsha eziphethe, okwenza imiqondo efiphele ibe yeyodwa nehilelekile.
  • Imisebenzi yokufunda-ukufunda: ihlanganisa ukufunda kwekilasi nenkonzo yangempela yomphakathi wezwe] ngokwesibonelo, abafundi abacwaninga ukungalondeki kokudla kwasendaweni bahlele i-assched yokudla noma ukusekela ushintsho lwesimiso.
  • Ukucushwa kwempikiswano yamanje nempikiswano: kuqondiswe, kuhlelwe izingxoxo ngezihloko ezifana nokufuduka, impilo yomphakathi, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kufundisa abafundi indlela yokusingatha ukungavumelani nokuhlolwa kobufakazi.

Ukuhlolwa okuphawulekayo kwe- Umgada we-Democracy: I-Civic Mission of Schools (umbiko ovela kuCampaign for the Civic Mission of Schools) waveza izindlela eziyisithupha ezithembisayo: ukufundisa kuhulumeni, umthetho, nentando yentando yeningi; ingxoxo yezenzakalo zamanje; ukufundisa; imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole; ukuhlanganyela kwabafundi ezikoleni ezibusa uhulumeni; kanye nezimiso zentando yeningi. Izikole ezihlanganisa inqubo eziningi zivame ukuveza abafundi abahileleke kakhulu embuthweni womphakathi.

Imfundo Ephakeme Nokufunda Kwabantu Abadala Ngobunye

Imfundo ye-pic akufanele iphele ngemva kwesikole esiphakeme. Amakholiji namayunivesithi anethuba eliyingqayizivele lokujulisa ukufunda ukufunda umphakathi ngezifundo zesayensi yezombangazwe, inqubo yomphakathi, nezimiso zokuziphatha, kanye nangezifundo zesikole jikelele njengezinxulumani zokuvota nobudlelwane bomphakathi. Izikhungo eziningi zidala izikhungo zokubopha i-Bivicup [ ezihlobanisa izifundo zemfundo nezenzo zomphakathi.

Kubantu abadala, ukufunda komphakathi kwenzeka ngemithombo yezindaba (lapho ithembisene kanzima), izinhlangano zomphakathi, imitapo, kanye namashabhu alawulwa yinzuzo enjengeye- I-League of Women Voters noma izikhungo zomphakathi wendawo. Ukufunda ukuphila okude kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kuvela izimpikiswano ezintsha: ekuqondeni izinqumo zokukhetha eziyinhloko ukuhlaziya imiphumela yemithetho yeNkanto ephakeme noma isimiso esisha sobuchwepheshe.

Izinselele Zokufunda Ngekhono Lokubhala Ekhulwini Lama - 21

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwalo, ukufunda nokubhala kwabantu basemaphandleni kubhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu okumelwe zixazululwe.

Ukunqwabelana Kwemfundo Yesiko Ezikoleni

Phakathi kuka-2001 no-2010, ngaphansi kokucindezela kwemithetho yokuhlola ye-No Child Let Behind Act, izikole eziningi zincishisiwe noma ziqedwe izifundo zomphakathi ezinikezelwe. Ngokwe- uNgqungquthela Wesizwe Wemithetho Yombuso [, idlanzana kuphela lezifunda ezifuna unyaka ogcwele wemfundo yezesizwe esikoleni esiphakeme. Ezikoleni eziningi, izifundazwe ziyingxenye yengxenye yeminyaka noma zihlangene ngokungenalutha. Lokhu kuncintisana kubangele amazinga aphansi olwazi lwezezembulo lwezenhlalakahle esizwe ezibonelwe kubantu abadala.

Ukuhlanekezelwa Kwezombangazwe Nokuncishwa Kwethemba

Ukwehlukana okukhulu kwezezigaba kuye kwenza imfundo yomphakathi yaba yindawo yempi. Izimpikiswano zokufundisa ngezihloko eziphikisanayo (jengesibonelo, iMpi Yomphakathi, ubulungisa bobuhlanga, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu) zingaholela ekuhloleni isikole noma ekugwemeni. Othisha bangazizwa becindezelwa ukuba bagweme "izinto ezivamile", eziqeda ukuxoxa kwezezenhlalakahle ezinenjongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthembana komphakathi ezinhlanganweni (kuhlanganise imithombo yezindaba nohulumeni) kwenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa abantu ekufundeni isayensi yomphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zibheka konke ukwaziswa ngokusola, izisekelo zokuqeda ukukhomba izinqumo ezingokolwazi.

Ukungabi Nalwazi Nemishini Eningi

Indawo yokwaziswa yezimiso iveza inkemba ebambene kabili. Kwesinye isandla, i-Internet inikeza ukufinyelela okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili kwemithombo yomphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isakazeka imisformation, izinkolelo zozungu, nezenzo zomthetho ezikhulisiwe. Izakhamuzi ngokuvamile azinawo amakhono okufunda adingekayo okuhlola imithombo, ukuhlukanisa izinkolelo, nokuhlukanisa iqiniso nenganekwane. Ukuhlola uHlatho lweMinistry Eduration Group[ zathola ukuthi isikole esiphakathi, isikole esiphakeme, nekolishi kungakwazi njalo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezindaba ezithembekile nokusekelayo. Lokhu kungayiboni ephambili. "ukungafundiswayo" kungusongo olukhulu kuyinkulumo yentando yentando yentando yeningi.

Ukungabi Nabulungisa Kwezemfundo

Akubona bonke abafundi abakwazi ukuthola imfundo ephakeme yezentengiselwano zomphakathi. Izikole ezisezindaweni ezicebile zithambekele kakhulu ekunikezeni izifundo zomphakathi ezinikezelwe, amaqembu empikiswano, namathuba kahulumeni wabafundi, kuyilapho izikole ezidayiswayo zivame ukungabi nazo lezi zinhlelo. Lokhu kudala igebe [ lethuba eliyivelakancane, lapho abafundi abavela emiphakathini ephansi bethola khona ukulungiselela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yentando yeningi, ukuqhubekisela phambili imijikelezo yesigaba namandla okungalingani.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuntekenteke Obuqinisa Ukufunda Nokubhala

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ubuchwepheshe bunamathuluzi anamandla okuthuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala emphakathini, uma nje sisingatha izingozi eziba khona lapho ubhekene nekhanda.

Izinqubo Zokufunda Nezokuhlanganyela Ezingobuchwepheshe

Imithombo enjenge Isikhungo somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo sesizwe kanye nezingakhokhwa zinikeza abafundi nobadala, okulinganayo okuphezulu. Amapulatifomu angasiza futhi ukuba benze umsebenzi we-social Constitution oqondile: [[FLT:] [4] Vate. org[ isiza izakhamuzi ukuba zibhalise ukuvota; [ futhi ezinye izilinganiso zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba balandele umthetho nezokuxhumana. Izitejikelezo, izintambo ze-webhulo, nokuxhumana ne-iphasi.

Ukulwisana Nemininingwane Engalungile Ngokufunda Ngemithombo Yezindaba

Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe nothisha baya ngokuya bebambisana kakhulu ekuthatheni izinyathelo zobungcweti. Imisebenzi enjenge- C3 Iklamenti ye-Social Studies State Standards (nge-National Council for the Social Studies) igcizelela ukuhlaziya ubufakazi neziphetho. Isiqondiso esisebenzayo sezinhlangano ezifana Projects Literacy Project [] ukufundisa abafundi ukuqinisekisa ukwaziswa ngokusebenzisa "ukufunda ngokulandela ulwazi"" [_ukuhlola imithombo eminingi ngaphambi kokuthemba. Izikole nemitapo zingafaka lamakhono ekhonweni yazo., zinika izakhamuzi amandla okuqondisa i-misebe yeze-oral recutical ecumistture.

Ukucabangela Okuqaphile

Ubuchwepheshe bubodwa abukwazi ukuxazulula ukungafundi kwabantu. Imithetho-mthetho ebeka phambili ukuthembisana ngokunemba ingabamba abasebenzisi emagumbini okunanela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthembela kumathuluzi emishini kungafaka izingozi ngaphandle kwalawo angakholeki ku-inthanethi ye-nethinethi engathembekile(a inkinga enkulu kakhulu emiphakathini yasemaphandleni nentuthu ephansi. nayiphi indlela yobuchwepheshe esekelwe kumele ihlanganiswe nemizamo yokuvala umehluko wezinombolo [ nokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezesayensi yomphakathi.

Ukufunda Nokubhala Ngalé Kwesikhathi Sokuphila: Ukuzibophezela Okuqhubekayo

Izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokufunda nokubhala emphakathini ziyaqaphela ukuthi ukufunda akupheli.

Ubusha (K12)

Gxila ekufundiseni, ukuhlanganisa okuhlanganisayo okwakha ulwazi oluyisisekelo namakhono. Izinhlelo ezifana no- Thina bantu (kusukela eSikhungweni semfundo yeCBICO) sifinyelela umvuthwandaba ekuzweni okufanayo, okushukumisa abafundi ukuba bafunde ngokujulile futhi bathuthukise ukukhuluma kwasobala namakhono okucabanga.

Intsha (18-30)

Iqembu livame ukuyeka imfundo yangaphakathi. Ukubhalisa ngemithombo yezindaba, ukuvota emakolishi, nemikhankaso ephathelene nezindaba zendawo kungasiza ekulondolozeni isithembiso somshado. Ukucwaninga ngeCIRCC kubonisa ukuthi intsha eyavota okhethweni lwayo lokuqala cishe ingaba abavoti abavamile.

Abantu abadala (30+)

Izifundo zemfundo eziqhubeka, izinhlelo zomphakathi, kanye nezindawo zomphakathi (isib., iKiwanis, Rotary) zinikeza amathuba okuhlala abantu abadala benolwazi. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza "izindawo zomphakathi" amashabhu ahlanganisa izihloko ezinjengeziqu zesikole, isimiso sentela yempahla, noma imithetho yokuhlanganisa izinto ethinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Asebekhulile

Izikhungo zomphakathi namaqembu asemadala zingaba nezikhathi zokuqonda izilinganiso zemidlalo, ukubheka amaMedicare noma ukuhlanganyela emihlanganweni kahulumeni wendawo. Okuhlangenwe nakho nombono wawo ongokomlando kuwusizo olukhulu enkulu enkulu enkulumweni yomphakathi.

Isiphetho: Ukwakha Ikusasa Elinekusasa Eliningi

Ukufunda nokubhala akuyona into yokunethezeka; kuyisisekelo esibalulekile somphakathi wentando yeningi. Ngaphandle kwakho, izakhamuzi azihlonyiselwe ukusebenzisa amalungelo azo, ukufeza imithwalo yazo yemfanelo, noma zigcine amandla enecala. Izinselele zikhona ngempela (ukuvela kwezinhlelo zesikole, ukuhlukana kwezindawo, ukudukiswa, nokungalawuleki), kodwa azinakunqotshwa.

Ukwandisa imfundo yomphakathi kusho ukuthi:

  • inikeza imfundo yomphakathi elinganayo, engalinganiyo kuzo zonke izifunda, kusukela enkulisa kuya ekolishi.
  • uthisha abanikeza ukuqeqeshwa, imithombo yemali, nenkululeko yemfundo yokufaka abafundi ezingxoxweni eziqinile, eziqonde kahle zezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
  • Ukuthuthukisa amandla obuchwepheshe lapho kuvinjelwa umonakalo ngokufunda ukufunda ngemitapo nangezokuxhumana kuyo yonke iminyaka.
  • Ukuhlanganisa ukufunda kukho konke ukuphila ukuze isakhamuzi ngasinye, kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma isizinda, sihlanganyele ngokunenjongo emsebenzini oqhubekayo wokuzilawula.

Impilo yentando yeningi yethu ixhomeke ekuzimiseleni okuqotho, okuqhubekayo ukuhlakulela isakhamuzi esifundile somphakathi. Njengoba uThomas Jefferson abhala, "Angazi lutho olulondekile lwamandla aphelele omphakathi kodwa abantu ngokwabo; futhi uma sicabanga ukuthi awakhanyiselwanga ngokwanele ukuba asebenzise ukuqondisa kwawo ngokuhlakanipha, ikhambi alikho ukulithatha kubo, kodwa ukunikeza ukuqonda ngemfundo." Lelocala lisebalulekile namuhla njengamakhulu amabili eminyaka adlule. Ngokusebenza kulo, asigcini nje kuphela ekulondolozeni ifa lethu lentando yeningi kodwa siliqinisa ukuba lifike.