Ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kuyisisekelo sokubusa kwentando yeningi, nokho kusengenye yemisebenzi engasetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni komphakathi kwanamuhla. Esikhathini sokugcwala kokwaziswa, amagumbi okungenakho umthetho, nokuncipha kokuthembela ezinhlanganweni, ikhono lokuqonda indlela ohulumeni abasebenza ngayo, indlela imithetho engenziwa ngayo, nendlela izakhamuzi ezingayithonya ngayo ngokuphumelelayo inqubo. Lesi sihloko sihlola umqondo wokufunda izakhamuzi ngokujula, ukuhlola izimpande zazo ezingokomlando, izisekelo zazo, izici eziyisisekelo, izinqubo zokuthuthukisa, nezithiyo okumelwe zinqotshwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzuza ulwazi nokuthembisa kwezakhamuzi.

Kuyini Ukufunda Nokubhala?

Ukufunda nokubhala kungaphezu nje kweqoqo lamaqiniso aphathelene namagatsha kahulumeni noma amalungelo asohlwini lweSipho samaLungelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezimiso zezombangazwe kanye namakhono asebenzayo adingekayo ukuze uhlanganyele ekuphileni komphakathi. I-National Civic League ichaza ukufunda ukufunda izakhamuzi ngokuthi “ikhono lokuqonda nokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ezinhlanganweni, izinqubo, nemithetho esekela umphakathi wentando yeningi.” Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukujwayelana nezimiso zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo, izimiso zokhetho, izakhiwo zomphakathi, nendima yomphakathi.

Ngokomlando, umqondo wokufunda nokubhala wesizwe ungathathwa esikweni le-lipabhuliki ye-Civic yabasunguli baseMelika, ababekholelwa ukuthi irepublic ingasinda kuphela uma izakhamuzi zayo zinobuhle nolwazi lokuzibusa. Ngekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, umbutho wemfundo yezemfundo wathola amandla ngokusungulwa kwezinhlangano ezinjenge- i-CUPFYF kanye nokufakwa kwezemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo yezesikole. Namuhla, igama alihlanganisi ulwazi olusemthethweni kuphela kodwa futhi nolimi lwezinombolo, ulwazi lwezokubhala, nokuhlola, kanye nekhono lokuyaluza enkambisweni yomphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi.

I-Civic brand isebenza ngamazinga amaningi: umuntu ngamunye, umphakathi, kanye nenhlangano. Ngokwezinga ngalinye, ihlomisa abantu ngamathuluzi okuhlola abazohlolwa, ukuqonda izinyathelo zokuvota, nokuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe. Emphakathini, ivumela ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi, njengokuhlela inhlangano yomakhelwane noma ukusekela ukuxhaswa kwezesikole. Ezingeni lesikole, ifaka ohulumeni icala ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zingahlola ukusebenza, zifuna ukuba kube nokukhanya, futhi zihlanganyele ekubekeni imithetho.

Ukubaluleka Kokufunda

Isazi sezakhamuzi esinolwazi asisona nje isiqalo sentando yeningi enempilo, [1] kuyisidingo. Ukucwaninga njalo kubonisa ukuthi amazinga aphakeme olwazi lwezakhamuzi ahambisana nokuhlanganyela okukhulu kwezombangazwe, ukuthembela ezinhlanganweni, nokubekezelela imibono ehlukene. Ngezansi kunezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza ukuba izindaba zomphakathi zokufunda nokubhala, ngasinye sinwetshwe ngobufakazi obusekelwe kumongo.

Khuthaza Ukuhlanganyela Ngokukhuthele

Abantu abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala babhebhethekisa ukuthembisana ngokuqondile. Abantu abaqonda ukuvota, njengokubhalisa isikhathi, izindawo zokuhlola, nemithetho yokukhipha ibhola, basengozini kakhulu yokuphonsa i-collet. Ngaphandle kokuvota, izakhamuzi ezifundile zithambekele kakhulu ekuyeni emihlanganweni yehholo, ukukhonza emabhodini endawo, ngokuzithandela emikhankasweni, futhi bathintane nabameleli bazo. Ngokwe- Ukucwaninga [[[FLT: 1], amaMelika anemfundo yasekoliji noma anezinyuko eziphezulu zomphakathi, cishe athambekele ngokuphindwe kabili ekuhlanganyeleni ezinkonzweni zezombangazwe uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abanolwazi oluphansi.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukucabanga Okubucayi

I-Civic branding iqeqesha ingqondo ukuba ihlukanise iqiniso ne-spect, ubufakazi nombono, kanye nemibono enengqondo ekusebenziseni imizwelo exekethile. Endaweni yezokuxhumana egcwele ukungaqondi kahle, ikhono lokuhlola imithombo, ukuqinisekisa, nokuqaphela ubandlululo lubalulekile. Imfundo ye-Cvivic ehlanganisa ukufunda nokubhala izakhi zezokuxhumana. Imfundo ehlanganisa ukuhlukanisa ukuthembeka kwezindaba noma ukuhlelwa kwemithetho elawulayo yokusebenza kwemithetho ye-algorithism, ibonise ukunciphisa ukufaneleka kwezindaba eziyinkohliso. SSford History Eduction Group[[FLD:1] yathola ukuthi nakuba abafundi bezama ukuhlola ulwazi olusezingenisweni lweze-inthaneti, oluhlolwa umphakathi lungathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhomba kwabo amakhono okungakhombanga.

Iqinisa Ukubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ukubusa kwedemokrasi kuxhomeke ekusebenziseni ngokomthetho okuvela emphakathini onolwazi. Uma izakhamuzi zintula ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngendlela uhulumeni wazo osebenza ngayo, zisengozini enkulu ekunxuseni kwempompo, izilingo ze-democratic, nenkambiso yokungavumelani. Ngokuphambene, i-projectal ekwaziyo ukukhomba inqubo esekelwe ekwakheni imithetho esekelwe, ihlonipha umthetho, futhi ilahla izikhundla eziphezulu. Ukuhlolwa komthetho kwakhishwa [FLT: 0] i-American Political Science Review[ kwathola ukuthi ulwazi oluphezulu lwezezezezwe elizimele olusebusweni oluphakeme luholela ekuhleleni izinhlangano eziqinile zentando yeningi nezokonakala.

Ikhuthaza Ukulandisa

Ukulandisa kuyikhomba lokubusa okusabelayo. Izakhamuzi ezikuqondayo ukwahlukana kwemibuso, inqubo yokuhlela imali, kanye nezinqubo zobubonisi zingaziqondisa ngokuphumelelayo izikhulu zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwazi ukunikeza isicelo senkululeko yolwazi (FOIA), ukuya emhlanganweni wesikole, noma ukufaka isikhalo ngokugunyaza imithetho yezimiso zomthetho kunika abantu amandla okufuna ukuba baboneka. Ngaphandle kokufunda iziqondiso zezekhono zomphakathi, ngisho nezakhiwo eziqinile zokulandisa zihlala zingaphansi kwesimiso sobungane, zivumela ukungafezeki noma ukonakala ukuba kuqhubeke.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zokufunda

Ukwakha ukufunda nokubhala kwabantu basemaphandleni kudinga ukunaka izinto eziningana ezihlangene namakhono awusizo.

Ulwazi Ngezakhiwo Zikahulumeni

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni ."ekucushweni, ekwahluleleni, nakuhluleleni) nezindima zawo emazingeni kahulumeni, kazwelonke, nawendawo. Kuhlanganisa futhi nolwazi ngoMthetho-sisekelo, kuhlanganise nomthetho-sisekelo we-Bill of Rights kanye nokulungisa okulandelayo, kanye nesimiso sobuzwe. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu ofundile wezemfundo esemthethweni uyazi ukuthi imithetho yokubeka imithetho iyizindaba zendawo, kuyilapho umthetho wokufuduka ungowombuso, futhi lowo mbusi unamandla ahlukile kulawo kamongameli.

Amalungelo Nemithwalo Yemfanelo

Izakhamuzi kumelwe ziqaphele amalungelo ayisisekelo aqinisekiswe nguMthetho-sisekelo, njengenkululeko yokukhuluma, yokuhlangana, yenkolo, nelungelo lokuvota. Kodwa amalungelo ahambisana nemithwalo yemfanelo, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi wokwahlulela, ukukhokha izintela, ukulalela imithetho, nokuhlonipha amalungelo abanye. Isici sanamuhla sihlanganisa namalungelo angokobuchwepheshe − ukuvikela ukwaziswa, kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwenetha − okuncintiswa kakhulu esigcawini somphakathi se-inthanethi.

Izinhlelo Zezombangazwe

Ukuqonda ukuthi isikweleti siba umthetho onjani, indlela okhethwe ngayo, nendlela umbono womphakathi othonye ngayo isimiso esiyinhloko sokufunda nokwazi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwekholiji elikhethiwe, izimali, ukuvuselelwa kwemithetho, nendima yamaqembu ezombangazwe. Kudlulela nasenqubweni yokuqondisa, lapho izinhlangano zokuqondisa zibhala khona futhi ziphoqelela khona imithetho ethinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Izakhamuzi zidinga ukwazi indlela yokulawula imihlangano yomkhandlu wedolobha, izinqumo zesikole, ukuhlela amakhomishane, kanye nokuhlangana komphakathi. Amakhono anjengokukhuluma obala, isakhiwo esihlangene, nesinqumo sokuphikisana ayingxenye yokufunda okuwusizo. Ukwazi ukuqala isicelo, ukuhlela umhlangano, noma ukusekela intuthuko yepaki kuguqula ulwazi oluphathekayo lube isenzo esibonakalayo.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nolwazi

Kule nkathi yezokuxhumana, ikhono lokuthola, ukuhlola nokusebenzisa ukwaziswa lihambisana nokufunda nokufunda okunengqondo, lesi sici sihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa imithombo ethembekile, ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezindaba nombono, ukuqaphela izithombe ezisetshenziswayo kanye namaza ajulile, nokuqaphela imininingwane yomuntu siqu. Kuhilela nokuqonda indima yemithombo yezokuxhumana ekulolongeni izinkulumo zeningi nezingozi zokulawula izintambo zokusefa.

Izinqubo Zokwandisa Ukufunda

Ukuthuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala kwabantu basekhaya kudinga indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa imfundo yasekhaya, izinhlelo zomphakathi, ubuchwepheshe, nezinguquko ezingokweziqu. Ngezansi kunamasu amaningana asekelwe kubufakazi aye abonisa isithembiso ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.

Imfundo Yesikhwama Ezikoleni

Ukunyusela izakhamuzi eziseKnepheni lesikole kuyindlela eqondile yokwakha ulwazi lwesisekelo. Izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zithatha ikhanda ukuze zihlanganise ukulingisa (umzk., ukuvivinya okungakholeki, ukulingisa, iZizwe Ezihlangene), ukufunda ngezinhlelo zeprojekthi (umzkthi, ukuhlola komphakathi), kanye nezingxoxo zezenzakalo zamanje. izilinganiso [[FLT] izilinganiso , zakhiwa yi-ptting, iSiteji, eyasungulwa yiSigebethi esingu - Prevern Count Day O’Connor, inikeza imidlalo efundisa iziphazamiso ezibonisa izimiso zomthetho. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abahlanganyela emifanekisweni enjalo bangaba abavota futhi bahileleke ekuphileni komphakathi njengabantu abadala.

Izwe lingayala futhi ukuba izakhamuzi zihlolwe noma lidinge ukuba zithathe amamaki aphambili ekuhlolweni kwezemfundo yemfundo ephakeme. Nakuba kuphikiswana, izimfuneko ezinjalo zandisa ulwazi oluqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuba i-Arizona isebenzise imfuneko yokuhlolwa kwezakhamuzi ngo-2015, umbuso wabona i-ascent engcono kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwezemfundo yesizwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-National Assession of Educational Progresss (NAEP).

Khuthaza Umphakathi Ukuba Uhlanganyele

Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emphakathini zivala igebe phakathi kwemfundo yasekilasini nokuhlanganyela ngokoqobo ezweni. Izinyathelo ezinjengomkhandlu wentsha, izikole zezakhamuzi, nemisebenzi yokufundela umsebenzi zinikeza okuhlangenwe nakho kwezandla. Ngokwesibonelo, omasipala abaningi banikeza i-Citizen Police Academies [ efundisa izakhamuzi ngemisebenzi yomthetho, noma [[FLT:] ukuvota nokuzifunela izikhungo zomsebenzi ukuthi amabhulobhu omsebenzi adendeze izinquiso zezwe. Azikhothayo njengezeli ze-[FLT] [FLD:] [FFF]] [FFFF]]

Umphakathi Ophethe Nezingxoxo Ezingathandeki

Ama-FLT Ahlanganisa izigxobo ezihlukahlukene ezidingida ukuxoxa ngempikiswano zingajulisa ukuqonda nokunciphisa ukuhlukana kwezindawo. Izimo ezifana ne Izihloko zesizwe ze-Forums kanye ne-World Café[ ikhuthaza abahlanganyela ekusekeleni ngamabomu ukuthatha izikhundla. Lezi zenzakalo zifundisa abathathi-mza indlela yokulalela ukudlulisa ukungezwani, ukuhlola, nokuveza imibono. Uma zihlangene nezinto ezisekelwe kumagazini, ezokunyakazisa iziteshizo zemfundo yezemfundo yomphakathi.

Sebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Namathuluzi Amanani

Ubuchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa kokubili emfundweni nasekuhlanganyeleni. I-operans njenge- Govtack.us ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele umthetho kahulumeni, i-openSecrets. org[ inikeza imininingwane yezezimali, futhi [[FLT:] [[FLT]] Balpedia [ inikeza imingcele yolwazi ngemibalo nodweliso. Eziningi manje zinikeza ukuvota kwemiba yemibayo kanye nezicelo ze-collet, zinciphisa ukuphikisana kokuhlanganyela. Nokho, ezobuchwepheshe kumelwe zikhushunyaniswa ngokucophelela ukuze zinciphe ukuhlanganisa izibalo; ukuhlangana kwemiphakathi ebanzi ne-FLCrimediance.

Imikhankaso yezenhlalo, uma iklanyelwe ukuhloba inhloso yomphakathi, ingasakaza ulwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-#COVIBs for Life ithathwa i-U.S. Commorationship and Immigigation Services (USCIS) isebenzisa amavidiyo amafushane ukuchaza okuqukethwe imvelo. Ngokufanayo, ohulumeni bendawo bangasebenzisa i-Twitter noma Tik Tok ukuchaza izinguquko noma ukuhlelwa kwendlela yokusetshenziswa kolimi olufinyelelekayo.

Sekela Ukufunda Ukuphila Konke Kwabantu Abadala

Ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala akuyona nje into efunwa yintsha. Abantu abadala, ikakhulukazi labo abafudukayo noma abangakaze bahlanganyele nomphakathi kusukela esikoleni, badinga amathuba okuvuselela nokujulisa ulwazi lwabo. Amalayibhulali, amakholiji omphakathi, nezikhungo eziphakeme zingangenisa izishadi zezindaba ezinjengokuqonda izintela zempahla, ukuhambisa izinzuzo zomphakathi, noma ukulungiselela izivivinyo zezakhamuzi. Ama-Union, ama-ochwepheshe, nezinhlangano ezisekelwe enkolweni zingahlanganisa ukufunda izakhamuzi ezimisweni zazo.

Izinselele Zokufunda

Naphezu kokubaluleka kokufunda izincwadi zomphakathi, izinselele eziningana eziphikelelayo zivimbela imizamo yokuzithuthukisa.

Ukuntuleka Kwemithombo Yengcebo Nokusekelwa Kwezinhlangano

Izikole eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisezindaweni ezingathandeki, ziswele isikhathi, izinto zokwakha, nothisha abaqeqeshiwe ukuze banikeze imfundo eqinile yomphakathi. Ukuhlolwa kwango-2018 kwa-NAEP kwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-24 kuphela abafundi bebanga lesishiyagalolunye abenza noma ngaphezulu kwebanga eliphambili. Uhlelo lukahulumeni ngokuvamile luhlela kuqala izihloko ezihlolwe njengezibalo nokufunda izifundo zezezenhlalo nezezezezezenhlalakahle. Umbiko ka-202020 [[FLT: 0] IKhomishaniso yombuso yase-United States[ waphawula ukuthi u-20 kuphela udinga izifundo zokwamuzwa wezwelo oluzinikele ukuze uthweswe iziqu.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Isimiso sokwaziswa okungokwezinombolo sihlushwa yizinto ezingamanga ezilulaza ulwazi lomphakathi. Imikhankaso ye-Information, ngokuvamile ephakanyiswe kwamanye amazwe, isebenzisa iziphakamiso ezingokomzwelo nezimiso zezezokuxhumana ukuze isakaze imibono yozungu ngokhetho, impilo yomphakathi, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Unyaka ka-2021 ukuhlolwa yi- i-Interporand Corporation [ yathola ukuthi ukuchayeka ukuthembela kwedemocriciation ezimisweni zentando yeningi futhi inciphe ulwazi oluyiqiniso ngesimiso sezombangazwe. Ukulwa kwalokhu akudingi ukuqa kuphela iqiniso kodwa futhi nokungawa ngezenziswa kwezakhamuzi ukuba zimelane iziphakaniso zamanga.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezombangazwe Nokukhetha

Ezindaweni ezihlukene kakhulu, ukufunda nokubhala kungasetshenziswa njengezikhali: abantu bangafunda kuphela lawomaqiniso aqinisa ukuhlukanisa kwabo futhi alahle ukuvumelana. Ukuthembisana ngokukhetha kusho futhi ukuthi izakhamuzi zingahlanganyela kuphela ezindabeni ezizithinta ngokuqondile, zidebeselele izinkathazo ezibanzi. Lokhu kululaza ulwazi oluvamile oludingekayo ekuhlonzeni kwentando yeningi. Ukunqoba kudinga ukusekela isibopho esifanayo emithethweni yentando yeningi.

Ukufinyelela Izimo Ezilinganayo

Azikho izakhamuzi ezikwazi ukufunda nokubhala ngendlela efanayo. Ukuma kwezenhlalo, ulimi, ukukhubazeka, nendawo yonke ithinta ikhono lomuntu lokufunda nokusebenzelana nohulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni zingaba namathuba ambalwa okuya emakhoneni endawo noma zihlangane nabameleli. Abantu abangamaNgisi abakwazi kakhulu ukuqonda imibhalo yezikhulu noma ulimi olungenakho ukuxhumana. Izinombolo zihlukanisa labo abangenakho ukuthembeka emamathuluzini omphakathi.

Isiphetho

Ukufunda nokubhala akuyona into ephambili; kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini empilweni yokuzilawula kwentando yeningi. Njengoba izinselele zokungahlangani kwezindawo, nokungathembani kwezinhlangano zikhula, ukutshala imfundo yomphakathi kuba yindawo yokuqala ephuthumayo. Ukusungula izinhlelo zezifundo zezifundo zesikole nomphakathi womphakathi kuya ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lwezemfundo kanye nezinhlelo zokufunda zasikhathi sonke, kunezindlela eziningi zokunika izakhamuzi amandla ngolwazi namakhono eziwadingayo. Nokho, lemizamo kumelwe ihlale ikhona, isekelwe, futhi ivumelaniswe ekushintsheni ngokushesha kwendawo yolwazi. Ukwakha umphakathi okwazi ukufunda okungokwenhlalo lwendawo kungaqinisekisa ukuthi idemocrizimu ayigcini nje isimiso sokufunda sesimiso sikahulumeni, kodwa inqubo egxile esaba nesongeni.