Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Phakathi Nokuboshwa Nokuzigcina Ufile

Lapho ubhekene nokugcinwa komthetho, ukwazi isivikelo sakho esingokomthetho akuyona nje indaba yesithakazelo semfundo kuphela, ingathinta ngokuqondile umphumela wecala lakho. Izikhathi phakathi nokuboshwa nokuboshwa zicindezela, kodwa umthetho unikeza izinto ezikhethekile ezihloselwe ukukuvikela ekuphoqeleleni, ukungazihloniphi, nokuxhaphaza. Lesi sihloko sibala lezo sivikelo ngenkani, sinikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo esisebenzayo esiphathelene nezenzakalo ezifanayo, futhi sichaza indlela yokuqinisa amalungelo akho ngaphandle kokuqinisa impikiswano.

Isimiso sokulawula ukuboshwa nokuboshwa sisekelwe ezinzibeni zomthetho zesine, zesihlanu, zesithupha nezeshumi nane zoMthetho - sisekelo wase-U.S. nakuba izinqubo zihlukahluka ngokwemithetho nemithetho yezwe, izimiso eziyisisekelo ziyasebenza ezweni lonke. Ukuqonda lezi zimiso kukusiza ukuba ulawule ukuxhumana namaphoyisa, wenze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini, futhi uvikele izithakazelo zakho ezingokomthetho esikhathini onqanyulwe ngaso.

Umehluko Phakathi Kokuzibopha Nokuboshwa

Enye yezinto ezivame ukudideka ukuthi uboshiwe noma uboshiwe, la magama amabili anencazelo ehlukene engokomthetho futhi abangela ukuba kuqalwe amalungelo angafani.

  • Ukugcinwa komthetho (Ukumiswa kwezentengiselwano): ukugcinwa komthetho kungakuvimbela kafushane uma usola ngokunengqondo ukuthi uhilelekile emsebenzini wobugebengu. Awukhululekile ukuphuma, kodwa lokhu akukaboshiwe. Kumelwe unikeze ukwaziswa kwezinye izifundazwe, kodwa ngokuvamile ugcina ilungelo lokuthula ngaphandle kokwaziswa okuyisisekelo.
  • Ukubopha kwenzeka lapho amaphoyisa ekufaka ejele ngenxa yesizathu okungenzeka wayenze ubugebengu. Kuleliqophelo, izixwayiso ezigcwele zomthetho-sisekelo ziyasebenza, kuhlanganise nezixwayiso ze-Miranda ngaphambi kokuphenywa kwelungelo.

Ukuqonda izici zoshintsho kukusiza wazi ukuthi kufanele uwasebenzise ngamandla nini amalungelo akho.

Amalungelo Akho Emali Phakathi Nokuboshwa

Ukugcinwa komthetho kudingeka ukuze kuhlonishwe la malungelo, futhi ukuhluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela ekucindezelweni kobufakazi noma amanye amakhambi angokomthetho.

Ukufanelekela Ukuthula

Isichibiyeli sesihlanu sikuvikela ekuphoqelelweni ukuba ube ufakazi omelene nawe. Unelungelo eliphelele lokwenqaba ukuphendula imibuzo ngaphandle kokunikeza igama lakho nokwaziswa okuyisisekelo (ezizweni eziningi). Ukusebenzisa lelilungelo akunakusetshenziswa kuwe njengobufakazi becala. Uma ukhetha ukukhuluma, noma yini oyishoyo ingasetshenziswa enkantolo. Kuyatuswa kakhulu ukuba uzwe ukuthi, “Ngicela ilungelo lami lokuthula,” futhi uyeke ukukhuluma ngokushesha.

Ukuya Eshashalazini

ISichibiyelo sesithupha siqinisekisa ilungelo leseluleko somthetho uma inkantolo isiqalile ukuqulwa kwecala (jengesibonelo, ngemva kokuboshwa noma ukumangalelwa). Uma uthanda, unelungelo lokucela ummeli ngaphambi kokuphendula noma imiphi imibuzo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ubekwe icala elingokomthetho. Uma ungenakukwazi ukukhokhela ummeli, omunye uzomiswa. Kufanele ucele ummeli ngokuqondile: “Ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli wami.” Uma ucela ummeli, konke ukubuza kumelwe kuphele kuze kube khona ummeli.

Ilungelo Lokwazi Izikhokhwa

Amaphoyisa kumelwe akwazise isizathu sokuboshwa kwakho ngesikhathi sokuboshwa noma ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngamazwi noma ngencwadi yokukhomba. Uma ungatshelwanga ukuthi kungani uphethwe, buza ngokuqondile: “Yini mina emangalelwa ngayo?” Qaphela ukuthi kwezinye izimo, njengokuboshwa ngaphansi kwemvume, ungase ungatholi incazelo egcwele kuze kube yilapho uphikiswa.

Ilungelo Lokuqulwa Kwecala Elifanele Nenqubo Efanele

ISichibiyelo seshumi nane siqinisekisa ukuthi unelungelo lenqubo yomthetho efanelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala ngokungakhethi, ikhono lokunikeza isivikelo. Lamalungelo asebenza kuyo yonke inqubo engokomthetho, hhayi phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala ngokwako.

Amalungelo Akho Phakathi Nokuzigcina (Iposi Lokuphumula)

Nakuba ungenawo ukukhululeka ukuhamba, uyaqhubeka uvikeleka.

Ukuvunyelwa Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha

Uma ulimele, ugula, noma unesimo sezokwelapha esikhona esidinga ukwelashwa, ukugcinwa komthetho kumelwe kunikeze ukunakekelwa okudingekile kwezokwelapha. Ukungazinaki izidingo ezingathi sína zezokwelapha kungasho ukwephulwa kweSichibiyelo se-Angth noma se-14. Uma ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, sicele ngokucacile nangokuphindaphindiwe.

Ilungelo Lokuxhumana Nothile

Izindawo eziningi zikuvumela ukuba wenze izingcingo eziningi ezifanele ngemva kokubhala ucingo ukuze wazise umkhaya, abangane, noma ummeli. Lelilungelo livame ukulawulwa umthetho kazwelonke noma umthetho womnyango wamaphoyisa. Uma ungavunyelwe ukwenza ucingo, cela umphathi futhi uphawule ukuphika. Kwezinye izindawo, une-arectory ekhona kanye.

Ilungelo Lokukhululeka Emandleni Adlulele

Ukugcinwa komthetho kungasebenzisa kuphela amandla anengqondo ngaphansi kwezimo. Phakathi nokuboshwa nokuboshwa, unelungelo lokungaphathwa ngobudlova, isijeziso esinonya nesingavamile, noma izimo ezingavamile. Uma ungaphansi kwethonya elinamandla kakhulu, zama ukukhumbula imininingwane .Izibalo ze-badge, izilinganiso, ofakazi, futhi ubika ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuvunyelwa Ngokushesha

Ngemva kokuboshwa, kumelwe ulethwe phambi komahluleli ngaphandle kokulibala okungadingekile, ngokuvamile phakathi namahora angu-24 kuya ku-48 (amasonto adlulele nangamaholide). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukubonakala kokuqala noma ukuphambana. Kulokhu kuthethwa, uzotshelwa ngamacala futhi unikwe ithuba lokucela ummeli noma ibheyili. Ukulinda ngalé kwesikhathi esinengqondo kungabekelwa inselele nge-habeas corpus.

Ukunxusa Amalungelo Akho: Indlela Nesikhathi Sokukhuluma

Ukwazi amalungelo akho kuyingxenye yempi kuphela yempi, kumelwe wazi ukuthi ungawacela kanjani ngokuphumelelayo. Amaphoyisa aqeqeshelwa ukuqhubeka ebuza ngisho nangemva kokuba uthandabuza. Ukuze uzivikele, unganciki ezitatimendeni ezingacacile. Sebenzisa ulimi olucacile, oluqondile.

  • Ukuthula: “Ngicela ilungelo lami lokuthula. Ngeke ngiphendule imibuzo ngaphandle kommeli wami.”
  • Ukucela ummeli: “Ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli. Angiphenduli imibuzo kuze kube yilapho ummeli wami eselapha.”
  • Ukwenqaba ukuseshwa: “Angivumi ukusesha. Ngicela amalungelo ami eSichibiyelo sesine.”

Uma amaphoyisa eqhubeka ebuza imibuzo, athula futhi angasabeli. Ungalwi ngokomzimba, ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphulwa, kungaholela ekumangalelweni okwengeziwe.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Emiranda

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kudingeka amaphoyisa afunde iMiranda axwayise ngesikhathi ababoshwa ngaso. Lokho akunembile. Ilungelo likaMiranda lisebenza kuphela lapho kuhlangatshezwana nezimo ezimbili: (1) uvalelwe ejele (awukhululekile ukuhamba) (2) uyaphenywa (ungabuzwa ngobugebengu). Uma amaphoyisa engahlosile ukukubuza, akudingeki ukuba anikeze izixwayiso ngokushesha.

Izixwayiso ngokwazo ziyisivikelo sokuvimbela, hhayi ilungelo eliphansi. Uma amaphoyisa ehluleka ukunikeza izixwayiso zeMiranda futhi akuphenye, noma yiziphi izinkulumo ozenzayo zingavalwa enkantolo − ngoba azinakusetshenziswa. Nokho, ukwehluleka ukunikeza izixwayiso uMiranda akukwenzi ungabi yize ukuboshwa.

Ngisho noma amaphoyisa engakufundi amalungelo akho, usenalo ilungelo lokuthula kanye nommeli. Ungalindeli ukuba ufundelwe (-) qinisekisa amalungelo akho ngokunyakazisa.

Ukuphula Okuvamile Okungokomthetho Phakathi Nokuboshwa Nokuzigcina

Ukwazi izindlela ezivamile kungakusiza ubone ukuthi amalungelo akho asephulwe nini, naphezu kokuqeqeshwa nemithetho elandelwayo, kuvame ukuphulwa kwamalungelo.

Ukufuna Okungavumelekile Nokungalungi

Amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga isiqinisekiso esisekelwe entweni okungenzeka ibangele ukuba uphenye ekhaya lakho, imoto, noma umuntu. Abangaphandle bahlanganisa isenzakalo sokusesha ukuze uboshwe, ubheke, uvume, futhi udlulise izimo. Uma amaphoyisa ekuphenya ngaphandle kwesisekelo esingokomthetho, noma ibuphi ubufakazi obutholakalayo bungavinjelwa. Akufanele uvume ukuphenywa (ngophawu), ngaphandle kokuba uzimisele ukububheka.

Ukuphenywa Ngokuvumelana

Ukuxoxisana okuhilela ukusongela, izithembiso zokungakhululeki, noma ukucindezela kwengqondo okuthatha isikhathi eside kungaphazamisa amalungelo akho okusebenza. Uma amazwi akho ephoqelelwa, kungase kungamukeleki. Akudingeki ukuba ubekezelele ukuphenywa amahora amaningi, kodwa cela ummeli bese uyeka ukuphendula imibuzo.

Ukuphika Iseluleko

Uma uncishwa ilungelo lokukhuluma nommeli ngemva kokucela, lokho kuwukwephula okukhulu. Noma ikuphi ukuphenya okulandelayo kufanele kunqanyulwe ngokushesha. Uma ubufakazi butholakala ngemva kokuphika okunjalo, bungakhishwa.

Inkinga Edlulele Noma Ukuzicabangela Okungadingekile

ISichibiyelo sesishiyagalombili senqabela ibheyili ephakeme. Unelungelo lokufuna ibheyili yokuzwa futhi ubeke inselele kunoma yisiphi isijeziso kunokuba kuhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukubuyela kwakho enkantolo. Ngokufanayo, awunakubekwa unomphela ngaphandle kwamacala noma ukuqulwa kwecala.

Okumelwe Ukwenze Uma Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphulwa ngesikhathi sokuboshwa, unezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzo.

  • Akha isenzeko: Bhala phansi yonke imininingwane uma isanda kuvela. Hlanganisa amagama, izinombolo zamabheji, izinombolo zemoto, izincazelo zezikhulu, ulwazi, kanye nendawo kanye nesikhathi. Thatha izithombe zanoma ikuphi ukulimala.
  • Ubufakazi obugciniwe: Gcina noma yibuphi ubufakazi obungokoqobo (isib., izingubo ezidabukile, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, izingodo zocingo). Uma ulimele, funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi uthole ikhophi yombiko wezokwelapha.
  • Ukuhlangana nommeli: Ungazami ukusingatha ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo ngokwakho. Ummeli wamalungelo omphakathi noma ummeli wolwembu jikelele angakululeka ngokuhlela ukuthatha uhambo ukuze ucindezele ubufakazi, ukucela umonakalo ngaphansi kuka-42 U.S.C. . . . . . . 1983, noma ukufaka isikhalo eqenjini langaphakathi lomnyango wamaphoyisa.
  • Umbombo ongokomthetho wokukhononda: Iminyango eminingi yamaphoyisa inenqubo yokukhononda okungekho emthethweni. Yazi ukuthi uphenyo lwangaphakathi lungathatha ijubane, futhi imiphumela iyahluka. Izikhalo zomphakathi zingabekwa futhi kuMnyango Wezikhundla Zomthetho Wenani Lomphakathi.
  • Cwangcisa isenzo esingokomthetho: Uma uphuzo luyelelene − njengokuphoqelela, ukubopha okungamanga, noma ukushushisa ngecala lokulimaza, ungakwazi ukudlulisa icala lomphakathi. Ummeli angahlola inzuzo yokuzisho kwakho.

Izimo Ezikhethekile: Lapho Amalungelo Ehluka Khona

Izinhlobo ezithile zokuboshwa zinemithetho eyengeziwe noma imingcele emalungelweni akho. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lemiqondo.

UDUI / DWI Uyama

Uma uyeka ukusolwa ngokushayela ungaphansi kwethonya, imithetho ihlukile ekuboshweni okuvamile. Ungacelwa ukuba uhlole ukuphuza okungaphuzi noma usebenzise i-mearyer. Ngaphansi kwemithetho esikiselayo, ukwenqaba ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali kungaphumela ekuzifakeleni imvume ezenzekelayo, ngisho noma kamuva ukhululiwe. Nokho, usenalo ilungelo lokuthula ngokuthula. Ungamceli ummeli ngaphambi kokuba anqume ukuthi uzovuma yini ukuxilonga.

Ubudlova Basekhaya Buyaboshwa

Izifunda eziningi zinezimiso eziphoqelelwe zokubopha ezicaleni zobudlova basekhaya. Uma amaphoyisa esabela empikiswaneni yasekhaya, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuba aboshe obizwa ngokuthi umhlaseli oyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani owabizayo. Unamalungelo afanayo njenganoma ikuphi okunye ukuboshwa, kodwa qaphela ukuthi ungagcinwa uboshelwe “ukukhishwa” kwenkathi engokomthetho. Hlangana nommeli ngokushesha, njengoba amacala asekhaya ethwala imiphumela eyingqayizivele njengeziqondiso ezivikelayo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamalungelo ezibhamu.

Ukuboshwa Okususa Isimo Sokuthutha

Uma ungeyena isakhamuzi sase-U.S., ukuboshwa kungabangela imiphumela yokufuduka. Unelungelo lokuthintana ne-console. Ungasayini noma yiliphi iphepha elihlobene nokufuduka ngaphandle kommeli. Futhi unelungelo lommeli ekumangalelweni kobugebengu, kodwa enkantolo yokufuduka, kumelwe unikeze elakho siqu. Uma uboshwe yi-Immigration and Custom Enigsterment (ICE), cela ukukhuluma nommeli futhi ungaphenduli imibuzo ngesikhundla sakho ngaphandle kweseluleko esingokomthetho.

Ukuboshwa Kwabantu Abayizisebenzi

Uma uboshwe ngesiqinisekiso esivelele, unelungelo lokubona isiqinisekiso futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kwaso. Isiqinisekiso kumelwe sisekelwe endongeni okungenzeka futhi sasayinwe umahluleli. Uma amaphoyisa ekubopha ngesiqinisekiso esinephutha noma esiphelile, ungakubekela inselele ekuveleni kwakho kokuqala enkantolo.

Indima Yokumelela Ngokomthetho

Ukuba nommeli onekhono kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni amalungelo akho phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokuboshwa nokuboshwa. Ummeli anga:

  • [[UMTL:0] Bangakusiza ukuba unqume ukuthi ungaphendula yini imibuzo noma ungathuli.
  • [ Bangangenela uma amaphoyisa edlula, futhi bangathatha uhambo lokuthumela ushibhile ukuze bacindezele ubufakazi obutholakele ngokungekho emthethweni.
  • [[[NT:0] Ibheyili ye-Negotiate noma ukukhululwa: Ummeli angaphikisana ngebheyili ephansi noma ukukhululwa kwezindawo ngaphandle kwezimo.
  • Bazokunikeza enkantolo: Bazolungiselela isivikelo sakho, baphikise icala lomshushisi, futhi basekele umphumela ongcono kakhulu.
  • Amasudi omphakathi wamafayela uma kudingekile: Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa, ummeli angafuna isinxephezelo noma usizo olubi.

Ungalithathi kalula inani lommeli ngisho nasezindabeni ezibonakala zincane. Irekhodi lobugebengu, ngisho noma kungenziwa iphutha, lingathinta umsebenzi, indlu, nobuchwepheshe bokuqasha izigebengu.

Imithombo Yokwaziswa Okwengeziwe

Lezi zindawo ezilandelayo zinikeza isiqondiso nosizo olungokomthetho olunegunya:

  • Isikhonkwane sase-Americana se-Libreastion (ACLU): [[FT:2] Yazi amalungelo akho: Uma umiswa amaphoyisa – iziqondisi ze-Ccise zokubhekana nokugcinwa komthetho.
  • Abaxhasi bemithetho yesizwe:[ [[NLT:2]] Imithombo yezisebenzi ezisemthethweni – ukusekela okungokomthetho nemithombo yezokuvikela ehloselwe umzabalazo.
  • U.S. uMnyango Wezobulungisa Bomphakathi Wamalungelo Omphakathi Uhlukanisa: [[[FT:2]] ICivil Rights Division[ – izikhalo zamafayela ngokungalungi kwamaphoyisa nobandlululo.
  • [[QT:0] AMAQINISO Omthetho:[ [[FT:2] Indlela izinkantolo ezisebenza ngayo: Ukwaphuka – ukucazululwa kwenqubo yokubopha.

Imicabango Yokugcina

Ukwazi amalungelo akho angokomthetho phakathi nokuboshwa nokuboshwa akukona ukuvikela; kungokokuzivikela esimisweni esingaba nzima futhi esisabisayo. Indlela engcono kakhulu iwukuhlala uzolile, ugcizelele amalungelo akho, ugweme izinkulumo ezingadingekile futhi ufune iseluleko somthetho ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Nakuba kungekho muntu olindele ukuboshwa, ukulungiselela kungaveza umehluko phakathi kwenqubo elungile nomphumela ongalungile.

Uma uke ube sesimweni lapho amalungelo akho esengozini khona, khumbula: Awuwedwa. Izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho, abavikeli bomphakathi, nabameli bomphakathi bakhona ukuze bakusize ukuba usebenzise indlela. Umthetho ungasebenza kahle njalo, kodwa amathuluzi okuzivikela akhona, kodwa kudingeka wazi ukuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani.