Isisekelo Samalungelo Omphakathi Alinganayo Nawomphakathi Wanamuhla

Ubuhlobo phakathi kokulingana namalungelo omphakathi buseyindawo enamandla kakhulu nephikiswana kakhulu ekuphileni kwanamuhla. Lemiqondo ayimi ndawonye; isuka ngomthetho, ukuchaza ukwahlulela, izinhlangano zezenhlalo, kanye nokushintsha kwempucuko. Ukuqonda ukuhlobana kwayo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ozinikele ekwakheni umphakathi lapho wonke umuntu engahlanganyela ngokugcwele, engenalo ubandlululo futhi engenamathuba alinganayo. Lesihloko sihlola izimpande ezingokomlando, izinselele zamanje, kanye namathemba angaphambili alobubuhlobo obubalulekile, sigxile endleleni abafundisi, abafundi, nezakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela ngayo kulezizimiso ukuze zithuthukise ushintsho olunengqondo.

Ukulingana kwamalungelo omphakathi kuhlukile kodwa kuhlobene kakhulu. Ukulingana kubhekisela esimweni sokulingana, ikakhulukazi esimweni, amalungelo, namathuba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amalungelo omphakathi ayisivikelo esingokomthetho esiqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo futhi sivimbele ubandlululo olusekelwe ezicini ezinjengeswni zohlanga, ubulili, inkolo, ukukhubazeka, noma ukulawulwa ngokobulili. Zombili, zikha isisekelo semiphakathi yentando yeningi, kodwa ukuqaphela kwayo ngokugcwele kuyimpi eqhubekayo.

Umlando: Izenzakalo Ezivelele Ekulweleni Ukulingana

Isifiso sanamuhla sokulingana namalungelo omphakathi asinakuqondwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezinhlangano ezingokomlando ezabeka isisekelo.

Ukweqa Ukuzithiba Nokuzivuselela

Inhlangano yokuqeda ubugqila yayiyinselele yokuqala enkulu ekungalinganini okungokweziqu. Ikhulu le-19 laphela ukuhweba ngezigqila okunqamula i-Atlantic futhi e-United States, i-Emanciation Proclaturation (18563) kanye neSichibiyelo se-13. Imizamo yokunqanda ukuTshintshwa kwezwe eBrithani (Umthetho we-Orservation Act 1833), iFrance, ne-Latin America yamisa isigaba sokulwa kwamalungelo abantu kamuva. Nokho, inkululeko ayizange ilethe ukulingana; ngaphambili izigqila nenzalo yazo zabhekana nokuxhashazwa kwezomnotho, nobudlova bezwe.

Inhlangano Yamalungelo Ezakhamuzi

Inhlangano yamalungelo omphakathi e-United States yaba yi-index yembulunga yonke. Iholwa yizibalo ezinjenge-Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, noJohn Lewis, lenhlangano yasebenzisa ukubhikisha okungenabudlova, izinselele ezingokomthetho, nokubuthwa kwabantu ukuba baphule imithetho kaJim Crow. Izinto ezifelwe yi-Landmark zihlanganisa i-Civil Rights Act ka-1964, eyayephula ukucwa kwezinhlanga, ibala, inkolo, ubulili, noma imvelaphi yobuzwe, kanye ne-Voting Rights Act ka-1965, eyayenqabela ukucwa kwezinhlanga ngovota. Izinhlangano zaqala embulungeni yonke, kuhlanganise nomza wokulwa kwenkululeko yokulwa kwe-aid e-Australia naseCanada.

Ukulingana Kwabesifazane Nokulingana Kwabesifazane

Umzabalazo wabesifazane wokuvota wathola amalungelo okuvota kwabesifazane emazweni amaningi phakathi nekhulu le-19 nekhulu lama-20, kusukela eNew Zealand (1893) futhi kuhlanganise ne-United States (1931 Isichibiyeli, 1920). Isibili se-aveminism yeminyaka yawo-1960 no-1970 yandisa uhlelo lokuhlanganisa ukulingana emsebenzini, amalungelo okuzala, kanye nesivikelo esingokomthetho ebudloveni basekhaya. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-# MeToo ziyaqhubeka zisunduza ukushintshela ushintsho lwezimiso zezimiso zezobulili nakwenziwa ngemithetho.

LGBTQ+ amalungelo

I-LGBTQ yanamuhla + ukumiswa kwamalungelo kwathola amandla ngemva kwezibhelu zamakhulu amakhulu zika-1969. Ngokulandela i-Iscism yaholela ekuncishisweni kobungqingili, ukubuyiselwa kwemithetho yobandlululo, nokuqashelwa komshado ofanayo wobulili obufanayo emazweni amaningi (umz. 2001, i-United States 2015 idlula bergefell v. Hodges). Naphezu kwale ntuthuko, izizwe eziningi zisaphambana ngobugebengu obufanayo, futhi zibhekene nobudlova obukhuphunyukayo nokuhlasela kwemithetho. [[FLT:] Ilungelo lobuHugamelism Watch [FLT] [FFFF:]]

Amalungelo Okudideka

Inhlangano yamalungelo abantu, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngawo - 1970 kuqhubeke, yazuza isivikelo esibalulekile njengamaMelika ane - Cultural Act (ADA, 1990) enqabela ukucwaswa futhi enikeza izindawo zokulala ezifanele. INhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene elwela Amalungelo Abantu Abakhubazekile (2006) inikeza uhlelo lwezizwe zonke, kodwa abantu abakhubazekile basabhekene nemingcele emsebenzini, imfundo, nezindawo zomphakathi.

Izinhlobo Zokulingana: Umsebenzi Ohlukahlukene

Ukulingana akuyona into eyodwa. Ukuyiphishekela ngokuphumelelayo, ukuqonda isilinganiso esihlukene kuyadingeka. Uhlobo ngalunye lwekheli elithile lokuphila futhi ludinga ukusondela kwesimiso esivumelanayo.

Ukulingana okungalingani

Ukulingana okungokohlobo lusho ukuthi imithetho iphatha wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo .a "umbala ompumputhe" noma "ububanzi" ukusondela. Ngokuphambene, ukulingana okuncane kwendlela kuqaphela ukuthi ukuphathwa okufanayo kungaqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani uma kuqala amaphuzu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunikeza isihlalo sabakhubazekile kuwuhlobo lokulingana okungalingani ngoba kudala ukufinyelela okulinganayo kothile ongakwazi ukusebenzisa izitebhisi. Isilinganiso esivamile siphikisa ukuthi izinyathelo ezingaphansi kwe-stantitititisty, izinyathelo zokukhombisa, izindawo zokulala, izindleko ezihloselwe ukufezekisa izimali ezisemthethweni, kudingekile ukuze kufinyelele ubulungisa obuqotho.

Ukulingana Komphakathi

Ukulingana kwezenhlalo kuphathelene nokwabiwa kwezimpahla zomphakathi ezinjengokuma, ithuba, nesithunzi. Kudinga ukuba kungabikho qembu elihlaziswayo noma elingathathwa ekuhlanganyeleni ngokugcwele ezinhlanganweni zezenhlalo njengemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nezindlu. Ukulingana kwezenhlalo kuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa izikhulu zobuhlanga, izigaba zesigaba, isigaba, noma ezinye izimemezelo. [[FLT: 0] ISimemezelo seZizwe Zonke Sesizwe Samalungelo Abantu [[ (i-Athicle 1) isho ukuthi "zonke izidalwa ezingabantu zizalwa zikhululekile futhi zilingana ngesithunzi namalungelo," isimiso sesisekelo sokulingana kwezenhlalo.

Ukulingana Kwezombangazwe

Ukulingana kwezombangazwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhamuzi ngasinye sinezwi elilinganayo ekubuseni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokuvota, lokufuna isikhundla, nokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yezombangazwe ngaphandle kokwesabisa. Ukusongela ukulingana kwezombangazwe kuhlanganisa ukucindezelwa kwamavoti, igerrymanting, umkhankaso wokuhlukanisa, nokuthola imithombo yezindaba ngokungenakulinganiswa. I-Voting Rights Act ka-1965 izama ukulungisa ukunqandwa kwemithetho engokomlando, kodwa i-U.S. i-2013 County ka- 2013 yeNkantolo ye-Provis [FL:0]. Shelby County. Raverer[FL:1]

Ukulingana Kwezomnotho

Ukulingana kwezomnotho kuhlanganisa ukuhluka kwemali eholayo, ingcebo, nethuba lezomnotho. Kulinganiswa ngezimpawu ezinjengeGini engaphumeleli, igebe, nobumpofu. Umnotho wanamuhla uye wabona ukungalingani okukhulayo embulungeni yonke, kanye nengxenye enkulu yengcebo yomhlaba ngokwe Oxfam[. Abasekeli bentengo yezomnotho abasekela intela eqhubekayo, umholo ophilayo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo yomhlaba wonke, kanye nokuthola imfundo engcono ngokwendlela yokuthuthukisa imidlalo.

Ukulingana Ngokomthetho

Ukulingana okungokomthetho kusho ukuthi umthetho usebenza ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abantu nokuthi wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukufinyelela ubulungisa kungakhathaliseki isizinda sakhe. Nokho, ukulingana okungokomthetho ngokuvamile kululazwa amaphoyisa acwasayo, ukugweba ngecala, nezindleko eziphakeme ezingokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso somthetho wobugebengu sase-U.S. sithinta imiphakathi yabaMnyama nabaMlambo, njengoba kufakazelwa yi- Project yomthetho [. Ukulingana okungokomthetho akudingi imithetho engathathiwe hlangothi kuphela kodwa futhi kudinga ukugcinwa kobulungisa nokumelelwa okufanelekile nokumelelwa okungokomthetho.

Indima Yamalungelo Omphakathi Ekuvikeleni Ukulingana

Amalungelo omphakathi aguqula isimiso sokulingana sibe isivikelo esiphoqelelwayo.

Isihluthulelo Samalungelo Omphakathi

Inkululeko yomphakathi ihlanganisa inkululeko yokukhuluma, yokuhlangana, nenkolo; ilungelo lenqubo efanele; ilungelo lokuvota; nelungelo lokuvikela okufanayo ngaphansi komthetho. Lamalungelo ahlanganiswe emithethweni yesizwe, izivumelwano zezizwe, nemithetho. E-United States, iSiphendu se-Expressality se-Unicial Protection Clauslee siyitshe lembombo, kuyilapho i-Civil Rights Act ka-19446 ne-Fair Hollas Act ka-1968 inikeza izimiso eziqondile.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nezinselele

Ngisho noma ikhona imithetho, ukugcinwa kwemithetho ngokuvamile akunele. Amanxusa e-Federal njenge-Folumence Opportunity Commission (EEOC) asingatha ukukhononda kobandlululo emsebenzini, kodwa imingcele nemithombo elinganiselwe kuphazamisa ukuphumelela. Izinkantolo zifeza indima enzima njenge- Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo [1954] [ukunciphisana] nokungavumelani nomthetho, kodwa ukumelana nokungavumelani nemithombo ye-othotho kuyaqhubeka. Izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi zifeza indima enzima njenge- i-Liberibles Union (ALL)[FLT:], qhubeka nokuvikela nalendisa lezisivikelo.

Ukungalingani: Ukuqonda Ngokungaphezu Kokushaya Ihlombe Ngokulinganayo

Umqondo wokuhlangana kwezindawo, owaqanjwa isazi sezezomthetho uKimberle Crenshaw, uchaza indlela izinhlobo eziningi zokungalingani − njengohlanga, ubulili, isigaba, nokukhubazeka − ukunquma ukwenza okuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele. Ngokwesibonelo, owesifazane omnyama angase abhekane nobandlululo oluhlukile kowesifazane omhlophe noma oMnyama, ngoba ukubheka izinto ngokungafani nobandlululo kuhlangana ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ukunganaki ukuhlangana kungaholela ezimisweni ezisiza abanye kodwa zishiye abanye. Amalungelo omphakathi anamuhla athatha i-lens yokwabelana nalezi zinkinga ezihlanganisanayo.

Izindaba Zangesikhathi Esizayo Ngokulingana Namalungelo Omphakathi

Naphezu kwentuthuko engokomlando, izindawo eziningi azikaphikiswa futhi azikaxazululwa.

Ukucwasana Ngokobuhlanga Nokungalingani Kwezimiso

Ukwahlukana kwezinhlanga kuyaqhubeka kuzo zonke izikhungo ezinkulu: imfundo, izindlu, umsebenzi, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nobulungisa bobugebengu. Umzabalazo we-Black Live Matter, owathola ukunakwa kwembulunga yonke ngemva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd ngo-2020, waqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuguqula amaphoyisa kanye nokuphela kobuhlanga. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezikole namazwe akusanciphi, futhi igebe phakathi kwemiphakathini emhlophe nemikhaya enombala liyanda. Ukukhuluma ngalokhu akudingi kuphela ushintsho olungokomthetho kodwa futhi nokutshala izimali emiphakathini ebhekene ngokulandelana kwezimiso zemvelo.

Ukukhokha Igebe Lobandlululo Lombangi Nokucwasa Emsebenzini

Imininingwane yomhlaba wonke ibonisa ukuthi abesifazane bakhokhelwa ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kwabesilisa, nezikhala ezinkulu kwabesifazane abanemibala. I-Economic Economic Forum's Global Gender Batep Report[ imikhondo eqhubekekayo, kodwa ngokwezinga lamanje kuyothatha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30 ukuvala igebe. Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ukucwaswa kwabantwana, nokuntula ikhefu elikhokhwayo kuyaqhubeka. Izinhlangano zamuva ziye zasunduza ukukhokha ukukha intengo ekwangeni kanye nokugcinwa kwemithetho emelene nokungahlangani.

LGBTQ+ Amalungelo Enkathini Yokubhekana Ngezimo

Nakuba ukulingana komshado kuye kwafinyelelwa ezindaweni eziningi, i-LGBTQ+ umphakathi, ikakhulukazi abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, ibhekene namagagasi amasha okuhlasela kwemithetho. Kusukela ngo-2024, amazwe angaphezu kuka-20 e-U.S. aye amisa imithetho evimbela ukufinyelela kwentsha empilweni yezempilo, imidlalo, nezindawo zokulala. Lemithetho ivame ukuthethelelwa ngokuthi "ukuvikela abantwana" kodwa ilahlwa kabanzi yizinhlangano zezokwelapha namalungelo abantu. Emhlabeni wonke, isimo sibi kakhulu: amazwe angama-671 asebenzisa ngisho nobuhlobo obungenamthetho obufanayo, kanye nesijeziso sokufa .

Ukungalingani Kwezomnotho Nokuncipha Kwesigaba Esiphakathi

Igebe phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu liye lafinyelela emazingeni aphakeme. Umqedazwe we-COVOVID-19 wabhebhethekisa lokhu kuhlukana, njengoba osogangadi babona ingcebo yabo ikhula kuyilapho izigidi zilahlekelwa imisebenzi futhi zibhekene nokungalondeki kwezindlu. Ukungalingani kwezomnotho kululaza idemokrati yentando yeningi, kunciphisa ukunyakaza kwezenhlalo, futhi kwenza kube nokuncishiswa kwezombangazwe. I-policies njengemali eyisisekelo, inzuzo ethengwayo, nentela eqhubekayo iphikisana ngokuthi amakhambi.

Umphumela Wobuchwepheshe Ekulinganiseni Kwamalungelo Omphakathi

Ubuchwepheshe yinkemba ebekwe kabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bunendawo elinganiselwe yokwaziswa, bukwazi ukumisa izimpande zotshani ezihlela ngemidiya yezokuxhumana, futhi bunikeze amapulatifomu ezwi eliphansi. Ama-Hashtag njenga # BlackLives Matter[ ne# MeToo ihlobise izigidi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe bungajulisa ukungalingani.

Izici Zomthetho - sisekelo Nenani

Amanani asetshenziswa ekuqasheni, ekubolekeni, ekubolekeni, nasekugwebeni kobugebengu aye aboniswa ukuba afana futhi akhulise ngisho nobandlululo lobuhlanga nolwesilisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokuqaphela ubuso abunembile kubantu bemibala, okuholela ekuzibonakaliseni okungamanga. I-software ye-projective puredical eyingozi ngokungenakulinganiswa ezindaweni ezimbalwa. ukuntula ukulandisa okuqinile kokulandisa ngemithetho-algoriths [[ kusho lezizimo eziyingozi ezivame ukungavinjelwe.

Ukuhlukana Kwezinombolo

Ukuthola i-inthanethi enezingcingo eziphezulu nemishini yamanani akuyona indawo yonke. E-United States, imikhaya elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-24 ayinakho ukubotshelelwa, ithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa asemaphandleni, imali etholakalayo ephansi, nemiphakathi yakhona. Ukwehlukana kwezibalo kulimaza amathuba emfundo, ukufinyelela umsebenzi, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi. Ukuvala leligebe kudinga ukugcinwa kwesisekelo nezimiso zenkonzo ezibizayo.

Imfundo Njengendlela Yokufinyelela Ukulingana Namalungelo Omphakathi

Imfundo isengelinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okuthuthukisa ukulingana nokuvikela amalungelo omphakathi.

Imfundo Ephelele Nempi Ebucayi

Izifundo ezihlanganisa zonke zihlanganisa imilando neminikelo yamaqembu angaphansi, ifundisa ngokucwaswa kwezimiso, futhi ikhuthaza ukugxeka izakhiwo zamandla. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufundisa umzabalazo wamalungelo abantu hhayi njengesahluko esiqediwe kodwa njengoba umzabalazo oqhubekayo unganika abafundi amandla okuba basekele.

Ukuhlakulela Isimo Sesikole Esiphelele

Izikole kumelwe zibe izindawo eziphephile lapho bonke abafundi bengafunda khona ngokukhululekile ekuqineni, ekuhlukunyezweni, nasekucwaseni. Lokhu kudinga ukuqeqeshelwa izisebenzi ukulwa ne-bias, izinqubo zokubika ezicacile, nokusekela amaqembu ahlukahlukene abafundi. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi izindawo ezihlala abantu zithuthukisa imiphumela yezemfundo futhi zehlise amazinga abo bonke abafundi.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokufunda Inkonzo

Izinhlelo ezihlanganisa abafundi nezenzo zendawo, njengezisusa zokuvota noma ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi, zakha amakhono okuhlanganyela komphakathi kukho konke ukuphila. Izinhlangano zemfundo ephakeme zingasekela ukucwaninga ngezindaba ezilinganayo futhi zinikeze umphakathi izikhulu zezingxoxo ezisekelwe ezisekelwe olwazini.

Umbono Wembulunga Yonke: Ukuqhathanisa Izindlela Zokuthola Amalungelo Omphakathi

Amazwe ahlukene aye asungula izibonelo ezihlukene zokuvikela ukulingana namalungelo omphakathi. EYurophu, i-European Convention on Human Rights inikeza inqubo yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamalungelo esizwe ngeNkantolo yaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu. ICharter of Rights neFreedom yaseCanada (19982) iwaqaphela ngokucacile amalungelo alinganayo futhi iye yasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa i-LGBTQ nemalungelo abomdabu. Umthetho-mthetho we-Preverse-paralid unconywa kabanzi ngamalungelo ayo amakhulu, kuhlanganise namalungelo ezomnotho njengezindlu nezokunakekela impilo. Nokho, ukuveza izikhala kuqhubekeka ngisho nasezimisweni eziningi ezithuthukayo. Ukufunda ngempumelelo nangazisa ukuphumelela okukhulu kwezehluleka kwezehlakalo.

Izinselele Nokuphindisela Entuthukweni Yamalungelo Omphakathi

Intuthuko eqondene nokulingana namalungelo omphakathi ayivamile ukubekwa emkhawulweni. Intuthuko ngayinye ephawulekayo iye yabangela ukumelana. Amashumi eminyaka amuva nje kuye kwabuya ukuhlasela kwezindawo zobudemokrasi, ukuhlasela izinhlangano zentando yeningi, nemizamo yokubuyisela emuva izivikelo ezinzima. Imithetho yokuvimbela izikhali, imingcele evimbela amalungelo okuzala, ukuvinjelwa kwenkolelo egxekayo yezinhlanga, kanye nomthetho omelene ne-LGBTQ kuyingxenye ye-palthmment. Izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi ziphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kuhlasela akuhlukaniswa kodwa kumelela umzamo wamabomu wokuvimbela ukungalingani. I- Vigance nokuzingezela kudingekile ekulondolozeni inzuzo nokuqhubekisela phambili.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukwakha Umphakathi Onokulingana

Indlela engaphambili idinga inhlanganisela yenguquko engokomthetho, ushintsho lwempucuko, izimpande eziphezulu ezihlelayo, nokulandisa ngenhlangano. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokugxila zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuqinisa Amalungelo: Ukubuyisela nokwandisa ukufinyelela ku-bolot, kuhlanganise nokubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, ukuvota ngeposi, nokuguqula isimo.
  • Ubulungisa bezomnotho:[ Izikhulu ezinciphisa ukungalingani kwengcebo, njengentela yengcebo, umholo owengeziwe, ukunakekelwa kwempilo yendawo yonke, nokukhululeka kwezifundo ezikweletini.
  • Proce and Criminal Justice Reformation:[ Iqeda ukuvikeleka okufanelekayo, ukuqeda amaphoyisa alwayo, ukutshala imali ekuvikelekeni komphakathi okusekelwe emphakathini, nokususa icala elingenabudlova.
  • I-akhawunti yezentengiselwano:[ Ukuhlola i-algorithism, ukunqabela ukuqashelwa kobupolisa nokuqashelwa kobuso ezindaweni zomphakathi, nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kwe-bond ebanzi.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukuhlelwa kwe-Processical Policy Design:[ igcizelela ukuthi zonke izinqubo zicabangela ubukhulu obuningi besaziso nobunzima ngokuhlola.

I-rassroot propects ihlala ibalulekile. Kusukela ku- CP kuya ku-Sun transport Movement, izinhlangano ziyaqhubeka zihlanganisa imiphakathi futhi zifune ushintsho. Imfundo, futhi izoba nendima eyisisekelo: ngokufundisa umlando ngokwethembeka, ukukhuthaza uzwela, nokuhlomisela abafundi abanolwazi lokusekela ubulungisa, sitshala izimbewu ukuze kushintshwe isikhathi eside.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlanganiswa kokulingana namalungelo omphakathi akuyona impikiswano engekho ngokombono; kuyinto engokoqobo ethinta zonke izici zomphakathi. Kusukela ekilasini kuya enkantolo, kusukela emsebenzini kuya edolobheni lokuvota, izimiso zokulunga nokungaguquguquki ziguqula ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Nakuba indlela yokulingana okuphelele ivame ukucutha futhi ixabana, isisekelo somlando (hhoseln) asiqiniseki ngomzamo ophikelelayo, umcabango ogxekayo, nangezenzo ezihlangene. Ngokuqonda isikhathi esidlule, nokuthatha ikusasa elingenakulinganiswa, singadumisa izimpi ezasiletha lapha futhi ziqhube umsebenzi owenzile phambili wokwakha umphakathi lapho wonke umuntu efuna khona ngempela umsebenzi.