Idemokrasi ayiwona umdlalo oyisibukeli .Ikhona ngokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi. Nokho, intsha ihlala ingelinye lamaqembu angenamdlalo osemthethweni wezombangazwe, naphezu kokuba ihlala nezikhulu ezisezimisweni eziseceleni ezinqunyiwe isikhathi eside. Igebe phakathi kwesithakazelo sentsha ezindabeni zezenhlalo kanye nokuhlanganyela kwayo kwangempela kokhetho, amaqembu esizwe, kanye nokubusa kuvame ukuchazwa njengenkinga yokumelelwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi kungani intsha ithembisana izinto, isithiyo esizigcina ziseceleni, futhi iqinile, amasu asekelwe ekwazini okukhuluma nokuhlanganyela ngokoqobo ekuhlanganyeleni.

Okwenza Ukuhlanganyela Kwentsha Kuqinise Ukubusa Kwentando Yeningi

Ukuhlanganyela kwabo kuletha izinzuzo ezingokoqobo ezisakazeke kuwo wonke amazinga okubusa nawomphakathi ezithinta abantu abasha ezizinqubo zentando yeningi.

  • Imikhuba yezenhlalakahle yesikhathi eside: yezokuvota nokuhlanganyela komphakathi okwakhiwa ebusheni kuvame ukuphikelela kukho konke ukuphila. Ukuhlola kuka-2020 kukaCIRCLE eTufts University kwathola ukuthi intsha evota kukhetho lwayo lokuqala olufanele isengozini kakhulu yokuqhubeka nokuvota njalo. Ukutshala izivumelwano kwakuqala kwakha umjikelezo wokuzibandakanya kwentando yeningi.
  • Ukusungulwa kwenani lamaprothestiki: Intsha iletha imibono emisha ezindabeni ezinjengoshintsho lwesimo sezulu, amalungelo amanani, ushintsho lwemfundo, nokuvuseleleka kwezindlu. Izinto ababhekana nazo ekuphileni zivame ukwehla kakhulu ezizukulwaneni zakudala, okwenza ukufakwa kwazo okubalulekile emithethweni ekhona emashumini eminyaka azayo.
  • Ukungafundi nokuthemba: Lapho intsha ibona ukuthi amazwi ayo azwakala, ukwethembela ezikhungweni zentando yeningi kuyaphakama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlukanisa kubangela ukungakholelwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pew Research Center kwabonisa ukuthi abantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-30 kwemibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi babonisa ukwethemba uhulumeni ngaphansi kwezinhlangano ezindala.]

Ukuqonda lezinzuzo kuvula isisekelo sokubona izithiyo zangempela ezivimbela intsha ukuba ingenele izindima zomphakathi ezikhuthele.

Izithiyo Ezivimbela Intsha Ukuba Ihlanganyele

Nakuba isithakazelo ezindabeni zezenhlalo ezinjengobulungisa bobuhlanga, isenzo sesimo sezulu, nokulingana kwezomnotho siphakeme phakathi kwentsha (ikakhulukazi eNkathi Z neyeMinyaka Eyinkulungwane), lawomandla akuvamile ukushintshela ezenzweni ezivamile zentando yeningi. Izizathu ziwukwakhiwa, amasiko, nokusetshenziswa kwesimiso sokusebenzela.

Izakhiwo Nezinkinga Zezenhlalo Nezomnotho

Ukuhlanganyela entsheni akunakwenzeka ngendlela efanayo kubo bonke. Isimo sezezomnotho sithonya kakhulu ukuba nemfundo yomphakathi, izinto zokuhamba ukuya ezindaweni zokuvota, nesikhathi sokungasebenzi noma esikoleni ukuze bangene. Intsha eholayo neyasemiphakathini ephansi ivame ukubhekana nezithiyo eziningi ezihlukene:

  • Ubunkimbinkimbi bokubhalisa obungokwesibhaka-bhaka: Izifunda eziningi namazwe anezinqubo zokubhalisa ezinzima, ezinezikhawu ezinzima kubantu abahamba ngezinyawo, abamatasa ukuba bazilandele. Umbiko wamashumi amabini aneskhamuzi seBrennan Center for Justice wathola ukuthi ngokuvota okuzenzekelayo ukubona ukujika okuphezulu kakhulu kwentsha.
  • [ Inkomfa yokuhlanganyela:[ ukuya emahholo edolobha, ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela emikhankasweni, noma ngisho nokuvota phakathi namahora omsebenzi ingathwala izindleko eziqondile nezingaqondile intsha esebenzisa imali elinganiselwe engakwazi ukuzibamba.
  • Ukungalingani kolwazi: Akuyona yonke intsha enemvume elinganayo yokuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa, okungadibi lutho ngomgomo, izinqumo, nezinqubo zokuvota. Ukusakazeka kokungaqondi kahle kuthinta intsha ethembele kakhulu emibhalweni yezokuxhumana.

Izithiyo Ezingokwengqondo Nezomdabu

Ngaphandle kwezimpikiswano zokwakha, kunomqondo ojulile wokudumazeka osebenza njengesithiyo esinamandla. Intsha eningi ibheka ezombangazwe njengenkundla eyonakele, yokuzivota lapho ivoti noma izwi layo elilodwa lingahlukanisi khona. Lokhu kuqonda kuqiniswa:

  • Inkulumo yezombangazwe esemthethweni: Ukuchayeka njalo embonweni we-grid, ukuhlasela kobandlululo, nezithembiso zomkhankaso eziphukile kuveza umuzwa wokuthi isimiso asisabeli. Ngokokuhlola kwa 2021 kwe-Institute for Politics eHarvard Kennedy School, ama-America asemasha angu-31% kuphela aba nomuzwa wokuthi uhulumeni usebenzela inzuzo yabo bonke abantu.
  • Inqaba yezibonelo ezilandelwayo: Lapho abaholi bezombangazwe sebebadala kakhulu futhi bengabonisi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezenzeka ebusheni, intsha izama ukuzibona ngokwayo kulezo zindima. Lendawana yokuveza izindaba ezivezayo ibonisa ukuthi ukubona umuntu ozithandayo esesikhundleni sokubusa kuthuthukisa amandla ezombangazwe.
  • Ukwesaba ukungafezeki: Abasha abaningi abavoti babika ukuthi bazizwa bedangele ukuhlaziya izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi zesimiso, okunezela ekugwemeni. Bakhathazeka ngokuthi ukuntula kwabo ubuchwepheshe kwenza bangahlanganyeli, kodwa okuyinto eyaziwa njengesifo se-emster syndrome ekuphileni komphakathi.

Izithiyo Zezinhlangano Nezici Ezingokwemvelo

Ngisho nalapho intsha ishukunyiswa, izimiso ngokwazo zingaba ezingamukeleki:

  • Amathuba aqinisweyo okufakwa okubalulekile: Ama-focum angokwesiko afana nokulalela komphakathi ngokuvamile ahlelwa phakathi nesikole noma umsebenzi, futhi uhlelo lungasabisa. Intsha ifuna izindawo lapho imibono yayo ingezwiwa khona nje kuphela kodwa ithathelwe isinyathelo.
  • Izimfuneko zenkathi yobudala: [Njengoba amazwe amaningi evumela ukuvota eneminyaka engu 18, amanye aye acabangela noma amisa ukuthobisa iminyaka engu-16 e-Austria, lapho abahloli abaneminyaka engu-16 bengavota khona okhethweni lwezwe, kubonisa ukuthi abasha abavoti abasha bathatha amazinga alingana namaqembu amadala lapho isimiso siklanyelwe ukuba babe abangane abasebasha.
  • Ulimi olungaqondakali nezinqubo: amawebhusayithi kaHulumeni, izilinganiso, kanye namaphepha enqubo kuvame ukubhalwa ngesikhonkwane esiyinkimbinkimbi. Lo mgoqo wokwazi ukufunda nokubhala uthinta ngokungenakuqhathaniswa abathatha inxaxheba abasebancane, abaqalayo.

Amakhambi Aphumelelayo Okuhlanganyela Ebusheni Obukhuthele

Ukusingatha le zinselele kudinga icebo elihlangene nemfundo, ubuchwepheshe, inguquko yezinhlangano, kanye nezindlela zomphakathi. Alikho ikhambi elanele; imiphumela engcono kakhulu ivela emizamweni ehlangene ezindaweni eziningi.

Imfundo Yesibalo Edlulela Ngalé Kwezincwadi

Nokho, izikole ezingokwemvelo ziyizikhungo zokufinyelela intsha ngaphambi kokuba zakhe imikhuba emibi yokudideka.

  • Izifundo zezemfundo: Izinhlelo ezilingisa izinqubo zomthetho, ukhetho lokugcona, noma uhulumeni wabafundi ezakha izandla ngokuqonda. Ukuhlolwa kwamashumi amabili19 kweCentre for Information & Ukucwaninga kweCBIC Learning and Civicment (CIRCLEment) yathola ukuthi abafundi abahlanganyela kukhetho lokugcona olunokna amasuba kwakungamaphuzu angu-8 acishe ahloselwe ukuvota njengabantu abadala.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-media nokufunda: ukufundisa intsha indlela yokuhlola imithombo, ukuqaphela imikhankaso yokwaziswa, nokusebenzisa i-website ngokunenzuzo kubaluleke njengokufundisa isimo sikahulumeni. Amazwe anjengeFinland aye afaka ukufunda imithombo yezindaba ezifundwayo ezifundweni zezwe lonke kanye nempumelelo engcono ekunciphiseni ukuchayeka empempeni - ze.
  • Izikole zeqembu lentsha: Izikole zingamema amaqembu anjenge YMCA Youth & uhlelo loHulumeni, 4-H, noma imikhandlu yentsha yendawo ukuze ingenise okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kwezezwe komphakathi ekilasini.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Ezinqikazaneni Eziphansi

Intsha iphila nge - Internet--(edemocratic) kumelwe ihlangane nazo lapho. Ubuchwepheshe bungafundisa futhi busize uma busetshenziswa ngokucabangela.

  • Imikhankaso yezezindaba: Izakhiwo ezinjenge-Instagram, TikTok, ne-YouTube zinamandla okukhulisa ukuqaphela izikhathi zokubhaliswa, izikhundla zomgomo, nezindawo zokuvota. Ukhetho lwa 2020 e-U.S. lwabona ukwanda kobusha obuphakathi kwemisuka ebangelwa amagciwane kusuka kwabathonyeni nakubafundi be-izikhumbuzo zontanga. Nokho, imikhankanti kumelwe isekelwe emaqini, okungewona ayingxenye yomthetho wokugwema ukusakaza.
  • Ukubhalisa kovota nokwaziswa okulula: nokubhalisa okuselayinini okulula okunezimpoqo ezizenzekelayo uma umuntu osemusha ejika 18 angandisa ngokuphawulekayo amaphepha. Amathuluzi anjenge Turbovote neBallelot Really anciphisa ukukhuhlana ngokunikeza ulwazi olukhethekile, olusendaweni.
  • Ukuhlanganisa namaplatifomu okuthembisana: Amasampula anjenge-iSide Nawo noma Votesmart enza ukufunda ngezikhundla zabazokucela ukuvotelwa kusebenzisene. Abanye omasipala baye bazama amapulatifomu okuhlela amabhampasi engolwe-ngo-ngolwe-webhusayithi lapho izakhamuzi, kuhlanganise nentsha, zingaveza khona futhi zivote ngemisebenzi echithwayo yomphakathi. Lokhu kunikeza ukuvuma okusheshayo, okusobala ukuthi izindaba zokuvota okukodwa.

Ukwakha Izindawo Zokusungula Izwi Lentsha

Intsha idinga imizila enikezelwe, ehlonishwayo engayithonya ngayo izinqumo eziyithintayo. Lezi zakhiwo kumelwe zibe ngaphezu kophawu oluyisibonakaliso, okudingeka zikwazi ukufinyelela ngokuqondile kubenzi besinqumo.

  • Imikhandlu yabuntwana namabhodi akhuthazayo: Amadolobha amaningi manje anemikhandlu yentsha eluleka umkhandlu wesifunda noma wedolobha ngezindaba ezinjengohambo lomphakathi, amapaki, kanye nobudlelwane bamaphoyisa. Ukuze lokhu kusebenze, amalungu kumelwe athole ukuqeqeshwa, ancishiswe (ukususa imingcele yezentengiselwano zezezimali), nokusabela okuqinisekisiwe ezihlongozweni zawo. INhlangano yesizwe yaseCity ibika ukuthi amadolobha angaphezu kuka 200 U.S. amadolobha alondoloza izakhiwo zomphakathi ezisemthethweni, nalabo abanezisebenzi ezinikezelweyo futhi abona ithonya eliphakeme.
  • Bafaka inkathi yokuvota: Abasekeli abakhulayo benhlangano yokuvumela ishumi elinesihlanu neshumi elinesihlanu leminyaka ukuba bavote okhethweni bendawo. Abameleli baphikisa ngokuthi leli qembu leminyaka livame ukubhaliswa emakilasini esizwe futhi lihlala emiphakathini yesikole eqinile, ukukwenza kube lula ukufinyelela nokubabhalisa. UTakoma Park, Maryland, waba yi-U.S. idolobha ukuhlisa ukuvota kube ngu 16 ubudala ukuze kukhethwe ngo-kamasipala ngo-2013; ngokulandelayo ukuhlaziya kwabonisa ukuvela emakilasini emfundo yesikole ezwe eqinile, ukukwenza kube lula ukufinyelela nokubabhalisa. U62,17-iminyaka engu-24 ubudala.
  • Isilinganiso sobuntwana emaqenjini ezombangazwe namakomiti: Isilinganiso esigcinela amalungu angaphansi kwe-30 izihlalo zokuphathiswa noma izikhundla zangaphakathi eziqinisekisa ukuthi amaqembu awashaywa indiva. Amazwe amaningana aseYurophu aye amukela izimiso ezinjalo, kanye nemiphumela emihle ezimisweni ezikhuluma ngezindaba zentsha eziphathelene nendawo yokuhlala nesimo sezulu.

Izinyathelo Zomphakathi Nezontanga

Amakhambi aphezulu kuphela awanakunqoba ukuswelakala kokwethembana. Imizamo yama- Grassroot eholwa yintsha ngokwayo ivame ukuthinta kakhulu.

  • Imishini yokuvota: Lapho izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezisencane zingqongqoza eminyango noma zibhalela ontanga yazo ngokhetho, lomyalezo uzwa uyiqiniso. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ukufinyelela kontanga kuya ku-pampy kwanda ngokuphumelela kakhulu kunabantu abavamile abathatha iposi-lebhusayithi. Izinhlangano ezifana noVote.org no-PextGen America ziye zalinganisa imizamo enjalo ngempumelelo engenakulinganiswa.
  • Impikiswano ephakanyiswe yintsha: Esikhundleni sokugxila embusweni wentando yeningi ongabonakali, intsha eningi ihlohlwa yizindaba ezithile ezinjengobulungisa besimo sezulu, ukukhokha kwesikweleti sabafundi, noma ukuphepha kwezibhamu. Imizabalazo enjengo March weWethu Lives and Sunrise Movement iye yabonisa ukuthi intshiseko ingaguqula isithembiso sokhetho lapho intsha ibona ukuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kwenqubo nokuphila kwayo.
  • Izinhlelo zobukhenkethi besizukulwane: Ukuhlangana kwentsha eshisekela umphakathi onokuhlangenwe nakho kuyasiza ekususeni inqubo yezombangazwe futhi kwakhe iphayiphi yabaholi besikhathi esizayo. Izinhlelo ezinjengeYouth Leadership Institute eCalifornia ziye zabonisa ukuthi ukusekela ubuchwepheshe kuthuthukisa kokubili ukuqiniseka nokulandela.

Ukuhlola Izinkinga Ezibangelwa Ukuhileleka Kwentsha Ephumelelayo

Emhlabeni wonke, izibonelo eziqinile zibonisa ukuthi leligebe alikho elingenakuvinjelwa.

EScotland: Imisindo eneminyaka engu - 16

IScotland yehlisa inkathi yokuvota ibe ngu-16 nge-asterendium ka-2014. UVoter wajika phakathi kwekhulu le-16 ne-17-aulds walinganiselwa ekwi-75%, ngokuphawulekayo kuneqembu elineminyaka engu-18-24 ubudala. Abacwaningi bathi lokhu kubangelwa yizici eziningana: i-astendum kwakuyi-profile ephezulu, ivoti eyodwa eyabona ukuthi ibalulekile; izikole zazihlanganisa kakhulu izingxoxo nokubhaliswa ezifundweni; futhi inkathi yokuvota yahlanganisa izimpelasonto ukuze kuhlaliswe abafundi. Impumelelo ekhuliswe ukutholwa kwentsha kakhulu evotiskeni yokhetho eScotland nemisebenzi ephefumlelwe kwezinye izingxenye ze-UK.

IFinland: UMkhandlu Wesizwe Wentsha

I- i-Nuorosovaltuusto (UMkhandlu Weshumi) ugunyazwe umthetho kuwo wonke ama-mosipala. Imikhandlu ehlanganisa intsha ekhethiwe eneminyaka engu-13-17 ubudala, enelungelo lokukhipha izinkulumo eziphathelene nentsha. Ithola izinhlelo zemali futhi ihlongoze ngokuqondile ebhodini kamasipala. Ukuhlolwa kwathola ukuthi lemikhandlu yandisa umuzwa wentsha wezezombangazwe futhi iholele ezintshweni zemithetho yemithetho yempatho, njengasezimalini ezithengwa abafundi ezisezingeni eliphansi nangezinkonzo zempilo eyandayo. Isibonelo manje sifundwa ngokuqondile kwamanye amazwe ama-Nordic.

E - United States: Inselele EMkhandlwini Wentando Yeningi

Ezindaweni zaseyunivesithi, i-ALS IN Campus Democracy Challenge inikeza uhlelo lwezinhlangano ezingabheki i-voti yabafundi. Ukuhlanganyela ezikoleni kuthola ukusekela kokugunyaza imishini yokubhalisa, izikhumbuzo zosuku lokhetho, nezinhlelo zemfundo. Izinhlelo zohlelo ziyaphumelela: phakathi nokhetho lwama-2020, izikole ezafinyelela "eqinisweni eliphezulu" zabona amazinga okuvota angaphezu kuka-60%, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sesizwe sabangama-48% ku-1824 ubudala. Inselele inikeza isigaba esinezelwe esihlanganisa ukuvota okulandisa kwemali.

Intuthuko Elinganisayo: Lokho Okuthiwa Kwenziwa

Ukuze uqhubeke usebenza, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi imizamo yokuthembisana iyasebenza yini ngempela. Ukuhlanganyela kwentsha kufanele kudlule ngalé kwamanani angenawo amaphutha.

  • Iphethu lenkathi: Amazwe amaningi awakhululi ukwaziswa okungacazululiwe okunciphileyo okuye kwadabuka ngeminyaka, okwenza kube nzima ukubona izinkinga noma ukugubha intuthuko. Ukufuna le mininingwane kubaphathi be-votor compression kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuziphendulela.
  • Izinga lokubhalisa: Ukubhalisa kuyimfuneko yokuvota. Ukuhlola igebe phakathi kobusha obufanele nobobabhaliwe kwembula ukuthi ukuphumelela kwehluleka kuphi. Izimiso zokuvota ezizenzakalelayo zinciphisa igebe ngendlela ephawulekayo; izifundazwe ezifana ne-Oregon zabona amazinga okubhalisa phakathi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala ukweqa kusukela ku-65% kuya ku-90% ngemva kokusebenza.
  • ukuvota: Ukuhlanganyela emaqenjini omphakathi, ukuba khona emihlanganweni yomphakathi, nokubophana ngemishini ye-minuber kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Ukuhlola okunjenge - Youth Civic Cric Beginement Index eyasungulwa yi-Charles F. Kettering Foundation izama ukuthatha lomfanekiso obanzi.
  • [ Isithembiso esiqinisekisiwe: Ingabe umuntu osemusha ovota eneminyaka engu 18 uyaqhubeka evota eneminyaka engu 22 nengu-25? Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela i-cohort akuvamile kodwa kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi isithembiso sangaphambi komshado sidala imikhuba ehlala njalo yini.

Isiphetho: Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuhlanganyela

Ukuthembisana kwentsha ngentando yeningi akuwona umsebenzi wokusiza abasha noma i-computer-faced profects/isidingo esisebenzayo kunoma isiphi isimiso sobukhoma esinempilo, esiqinile. Imingcele ingokoqobo: i-interia, ukungalingani kwezenhlalo, izenhlalo, nokungalingani kwempucuko phakathi kwabezekeli bezombangazwe nentsha. Kodwa amakhambi awayona imfihlakalo. Imfundo yomphakathi, ubuchwepheshe bobungane obunikezelwe, izithuba ezinikezelwe zezwi lentsha, kanye nezindlela zontanga zibonise konke ukuphumelela uma zisetshenziswa ngobuqotho nangemithombo eyanele.

Umthwalo wemfanelo walomsebenzi usemasheleni amaningi: abafundisi abazimisele ukuguqula izinqubo, abenzi bezimiso bazimisele ukuguqula izinqubo, amaqembu ezombangazwe azimisele ukuhlanganyela ekulawuleni, futhi abangafuni nzuzo abazimisele ukutshala imishini yotshani. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, kungena kubantu abadala ukuba balalele //ukuyekelela, kodwa ukuba bathathe ishende. Uma intsha ibona ukuthi ukuthembisana kwayo kuveza imiphumela esobala, iyothatha indima yayo njengezakhamuzi hhayi ngenxa yesibopho, kodwa ngenxa yokuqiniseka.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngemikhuba esekelwe kubufakazi, cabangela ukuhlola umsebenzi [we- CIICILE eTufts University, i- Conference yesizwe yeSizwe ye-Legislatures[, kanye ne-[FLT] e-Eupalment ye-Euron yezinhlelo zentsha [[]. Ushintsho lwangempela luqala lapho singaphathi intsha njengevolutezi yesikhathi esizayo, kodwa njengezisebenzi bakhona edemokhrasi.