Isiko Lokholo: Iqembu le-Ulster Union Ukuhlanganyela Nemiphakathi Yenkolo Yasenyakatho Ireland

Ukholo sekuyisikhathi eside luyi-union of Northern Ireland, futhi i-Ulster Unionism Party (UUP) iye yaqaphela ngokungaguquguquki indima ejulile efezwa imiphakathi engokwenkolo ekulolongeni izindinganiso zezenhlalo, izimiso zokuziphatha, nokuhlangana komphakathi. Njengeqembu elidala kakhulu lezombangazwe eNyakatho Ireland, ubuhlobo bamaUP namaqembu okholo, futhi i-UPism Unionism Party, kodwa futhi i-Wethodist, i-Harbestrian, kanye nezinye izinkolo ezikhulayo, ziveza kokubili amaqiniso angokomlando ezwe kanye nesimo somphakathi somphakathi. Lokhu kuhlangana akuyona nje indaba yezenzwe yezenzwe zezezombangazwe; kumelela icebo lokwakha amabhulobhulo, ukuvuselela, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nenkulumo yezenhlalo nezikhungozo zonke izizinda zezenhlalo.

Isisekelo Sokholo Esingokomlando

Kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo ngo - 1905, iUlster Union Dirty yayihlangene kakhulu namasonto obuProthestani, ikakhulukazi iSonto laseHabe e-Ireland neSonto lase-Ireland. Lamasonto anikeza ukuhola kokuziphatha, izakhiwo zenhlangano, kanye nophawu olufanayo lwempucuko oluhlanganisa amaqembu ahlangene phakathi nemikhankaso yoMthetho Wasekhaya. Ukuthola amanani anjengoEdward Carson noJames Craig ayengamalungu akhuthele amabandla obuProthestani, futhi amalungu angaphambili eqembu ayevame ukubiza izimiso zobuKristu njengesisekelo sokubusa eNyakatho ye-Ireland. URwanda Act kanye nokumiswa kwe-Northern Ireland kulandela i-UPrieg wabona i-igcona nezikhulu zezemfundo, inhlalakahle, nokugcinwa kwesonto.

Nokho, lobubuhlobo babungewona obenkolo eyodwa. Phakathi kwe-butherism, kwakulokhu kunomsuka wobuProthestani obukhululekile obabusekela ukubusa okuphelele nokuhlonipha omakhelwane bamaKatolika. Izihloko ezinjengoSir Basil Brooke (kamuva iNkosi Brookehough) zalondoloza ukuxhumana nababhishobhi bamaKatolika, ngisho nanjengoba isifunda ngokwaso sasibhekwa ngokusolwa abashisekeli besizwe abaningi. Isivumelwano sika-UUP nemiphakathi yokholo phakathi nalenkathi sasiba hlukene: yaqinisa ubuntu bobuProthestani bezwe ngesikhathi esifanayo sifuna, nakuba kungaphelele, ukuvuma ukuba khona kweqembu elinamaKatolika eliqinile. Iqembu lisekela izikole zokholo ezisekelwe ezikoleni nasezinhlangano zokusiza abaphanayo kamuva.

Izinkinga Nesonto Njengomxhumanisi

Ukugqashuka kweZinkathazo ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-1960 kwabangela ubunzima obukhulu ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwemiphakathi yenkolo yaseNyakatho Ireland. AmaSonto ngokuvamile ayeba izinkundla zezimpi ngokwawo, kodwa futhi anikeza izindawo eziyivelakancane zokuxoxa. i-UP, njengeqembu elibusayo esikhathini esiningi salenkathi, yaqaphela ukuthi abaholi besonto (omabili abamaProthestani nabaKatolika) babesebenza njengabaxhumanisi abathembekile. Abefundisi abakhulu abanjengo-Terence O'Neill noBrian Faulk babehlangana njalo nesikhulu seSonto lamaRoma Katolika, kuhlanganise nokhadinali William Conway, kanye neSonto lika-Ireland u-George Sims. Le mihlangano yayingamenyezelwanga njalo, kodwa babesiza ekuxhumaneni ngokuvula imigqa phakathi neminyaka yobumnyama.

Esinye isibonelo esiphawulekayo kwakuyi-Sunningdale Agreement ka-1956, eyabona abefundisi be-UUP besebenza emaqenjini omphakathi aphazamisekile esonto ukuze bakhe ukusekela okunqamule i-communism kwe-odoct. Ngisho nangemva kokuhluleka kwesivumelwano, i-UUP yaqhubeka ibuza abaholi bokholo ezindabeni ezinjengokuhlangana, ukucwaswa kwezindlu, nokuphatha ngokulunga. I-1979 kwaboniswa ngokucacile ukuthi umnikelo obalulekile wamasonto owenze inhlalakahle eNyakatho nenhla nenhlalo enhle e-Ireland." Phakathi nenkathi yokuxazululeka kwe-19821, abameleli bahlangana nabefundisi bevela kuzo zombili amasiko ukuze bahlole imikhankatho yezelo, nakuba intuthuko yayilinganiselwe. Nokho, ukuphikelela kwale zingxoxo, kwalethwa kwesisekelo kamuva, kodwa, kwabekwa isisekelo sendlela yokuthula.

Isivumelwano sangemva-kahle ngoLwesihlanu: Ingxoxo ehlelwe kahle

I-Good Wearth Agreement yaphawula ukudilizwa kwe-UuP nemiphakathi yokholo. I-UP, ngaleso sikhathi, leli qembu elaliholwa nguDavid Trimble, laqaphela ukuthi ukuthula okuhlala njalo akudingeki nje kuphela ukuhlalisana kwezombangazwe kodwa futhi kudinga ukubuyisana. Izakhiwo zokuhlanganisa izinkolo zokuxubanisa izinkolo zasungulwa, kuhlanganise nemihlangano yasikhathi sonke phakathi kwabaphathi besonto nabaholi abane besonto (iSonto lamaKatolika, i-Harbest, iSonto lase-Ireland, ne-Methodistism). Le mihlangano yadingi yayikhuluma ngemisebenzi yamabutho empi, ukuthatha uhambo, nokumiswa kwenguquko yemithetho yesonto. IUUPP yaqala nokuhlanganisa amahlelo amancane, kuhlanganise nesonto lase-Free Presbyterian (isleyy nesonto le-Ist Union) kanye nenhlangano yenkolo yase-Ireland, kanye nemiphakathi yamaJuda ase-Aststst e-Belfast neyahlu.

Ibhukwana lesimiso sonyaka ka-2003 "Ukwakha i-Abite Future" ngokucacile libizelwa "ubudlelwane obuqinile nezinhlangano ezisekelwe ekukholweni ekumelaneni nokuncishwa komphakathi nokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bomphakathi." Lokhu kwaholela ekusungulweni kwe-Faith and Politic Advisory Group phakathi kwe-UUP, eyaveza ukutuswa kwazo zonke izifundo zesikole zedolobha ekuvuselweni kabusha. Umsebenzi weqembu wagcizelela ukuthi ukholo kumelwe luphinde luhlanganiswe: i-UUP ibizolalela izinkathazo zemiphakathi yenkolo, hhayi nje ukulindela ukuvunyelwa kwayo. Lendlela yasiza iqembu ukuba lilondoloze ukuthembeka ngisho nanjengoba impumelelo yalo lilahle i-Didemocratic Union Party (DUPUP).

Izinyathelo Ezithatha Ingxenye Manje: Izivumelwano Zokuhlangana Kwenkolo

Namuhla, i-UUP iyaqhubeka imisa izingxoxo zokuxubanisa izinkolo ngochungechunge lwezimo ezihlelwe kahle. Leliqembu linezimemezelo ezinezinhlangothi ezine eBelfast, iDerry/Londonderry, nezinye izindawo zendawo, lihlanganisa abefundisi abavela kumaProthestani, ubuOrthodox, ubu - Orthodox, ubuSulumane, namaJuda. La maqembu awawona amasuntwe asemthethweni; akhiqiza izimemezelo ezingokoqobo, kuhlanganise nezinkulumo ezihlangene ezithi ubugebengu obuthintiwe, ubumpofu, kanye nobuphathi bezemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-20222, i-UP wafaka i-SUP ukuze kuhlanganiswe ubuthanoshelane babaholi abangama-30 bezenkolo ukuba benze i-"ITcharder yezethiwervest" kamuva eyamukelwa yimikhandluna yendawo. Iqembu futhi lihlanganyela eNstrust - Rén, i-Drune, ne-DN, i-DBR.

Ngaphandle kwemihlangano ehleliwe, i-UUP isebenzisa izimpande zayo eziqinile ukuze isekele imisebenzi yokuxubanisa izinkolo zendawo. Amahhovisi ahlangene avame ukusiza amasonto namathempeli ekufakeni izimali ngaphansi kwe-Peace IV ne-PUS uhlelo lwe-PUS. Abashisekeli bezinkonzo zokuzithandela ezihlangene njenge "Ukholos Toples" ngonyaka e-Armagh, ephethe umculo, ukudla, nengxoxo evela emasikweni amaningi enkolo. Lokhu kusiza ekubekeni izinkolelo zokuhlanganisa ubunye bungamaProthestani kuphela noma isigaba. UPUP umholi wamanje, uDoug Beattie, uye wenza iphuzu lokuhambela izikole zamaKatolika namaSulume, usho obala obala ukuthi "ukholo kumelwe lube yibhulo, hhayi imingcele.""

Imisebenzi Yomphakathi Eyinkimbinkimbi

Imiphakathi yokholo ibiyizisebenzi ezibalulekile eUUUP ezithatha izinyathelo zomphakathi. Ezindaweni ezifana nezindlu, leliqembu liye lasebenza namanhlangano ezindlu asekelwe esontweni ukuze linikeze imikhaya ehhadlayo engenisa imali. I-UUP yasekela ukumiswa "Kusiza Zonke" i-nethiwekhi, ehlanganisa amasonto nohulumeni wendawo ukuba alungise ukungabi namakhaya. Ngokufanayo, iqembu liye labambisana nezinhlangano zezinhlangano zomphakathi zamaKatolika ezinjenge St. Vincent de Paul nezinhlangano zamaProthestani ezifana neSonto laseHabese "Imali" ukuze linikeze amabhange lokudla, izikwelenselo, nezikweleti zempilo. Le zinhlangano zibonisa isibopho sika-UUPUP sokholo lwezentengiselwano ezenhlalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinhlangano zezezezezezenkolo.

Elinye icebo elihamba phambili yi-"UP uhlelo olunomthetho, olwaqalwa ngo-2019 ngokubambisana neSonto lase-Ireland noMkhandlu wamaSonto ase-Ireland. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa amaqembu axubeneyo amaProthestani namaKatolika asezindaweni ezihlangeneyo ukuze asebenze ezigadini zomphakathi, ukudweba imibala ehlukahlukene, nemikhondo yefashoni. I-UP inikeza ukusekela komthetho futhi isiza ekusekeleni imali elondekile evela kuMnyango Wezenhlalakahle. Ukuhlolwa kwale simiso kubonise intuthuko ephawulekayo ekuthembekeni okuphakathi kweqembu, kanye nabathathi ababika izimo ezikhuthaza ngokwengeziwe ngabantu abavela kwamanye amasiko. Iqembu liye lasekela futhi izicelo ezisekelwe ekusekeleni ukuthunyelwa kobuthengwa kwezenkolo emapulani, liqaphela ukuthi ngokuvamile abefundisi banethemba lokufinyelela kubantu abasebasha abaswele kwezazi zezombangazwe.

Imfundo Esekelwe Ukholo Nentsha

Imfundo ibilokhu iwumgomo oyinhloko wokuthembisana ngemiphakathi yokholo. Leliqembu ngokomlando liye laba umvikeli onamandla wesikole esilawulwa yisonto, esikhonza iningi labafundi bamaProthestani namaKatolika eNyakatho Ireland. Nokho, ngaphansi kobuholi bamanje, i-UUP iye yasekela imfundo ehlangene njengendlela yokukhuthaza ukubuyisana. Iqembu lasekela i-Intetrad Education Act (Nyakatho ye-Ireland) 2014 futhi liye lacela ukuxhasa izimali ezikoleni ezihlukene. UUP i-UP abakhulumeli bahlangana njalo ne-Prothessocialts for Deleted Schools (CMS) ne-Dreatororders Council (eventier) uPropoint) ukuze lixoxe ngentuthuko, izidingo ezikhethekile zokufundisa, nokuqeqesha uthisha.

Izinhlelo zentsha zingesinye isici sobungane obusebenzayo. IUP ixhasa isikole sasehlobo se-"Vuod and Leadership" samalungu aneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-18 ubudala, sisebenza ngokubambisana neCorrymeela Community, inhlangano ekhuthaza ukubuyisana yamaKristu. Abathathi-nxaxheba bahlanganyela ezindaweni zokusebenzela izinqumo zesinqumo sempi, izimiso zeBhayibheli, kanye nokuhlanganyela komphakathi. Iqembu futhi likhuthaza uhlelo lwe-The Script Union "Ehlangene" emiphakathini yabahlangani ehlangene futhi liye lasiza iSonto lase-Ireland ukuba livakashele izikole zokukhulekelwa zamaKatolika. Lezi zingase zibonakale zisezingeni elincane, kodwa zinezela empucukweni yokuhloniphana elulaza ukulandisa amahlelo.

Ithonya Ebuhlotsheni Bomphakathi

Umphumela oqhubekayo wesivumelwano sokholo luka-UUP uye waba intuthuko engenakulinganiswa ebudlelwaneni bomphakathi ezindaweni ezithile. Ukuhlola ngo-2021 kwe-Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey kwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-67 emikhandlu ephendulwe eUP elawulwa yizikhungo ze-UP ayekholelwa ukuthi ubuhlobo phakathi kwamaProtestani namaKatolika babulungile noma "bahle kakhulu" uma kuqhathaniswa no-59% ezindaweni ezinamagebengu. Nakuba ukuphikisana kungahlangani, ukungenela kwama-UUP kungamabomu kungenxa yobuKatolika neminye imiphakathi yokholo cishe kuyimfantu. Ukusekela kweqembu ngokungaguquki kwezenzo zoklomelo ezihlanganisa ubuhlanga obuncane kuye kwasiza futhi ukuthembana kwezizwe ezincane, ezivame ukubheka ukholo njengebhulobo lokuhlanganisa umphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthembisana kuka-UUP kuye kwasiza ekunciphiseni ukuncishiswa kwamahlelo ngokwezombangazwe. Kukhetho lomhlangano lwango-2022, leliqembu lathola amavoti ezindaweni eziningi zamaKatolika eNyakatho Down ne-South Belfast, ukuthambekela abahlaziyi abathi ukudunyiswa kwalo ngomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa izigebengu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-UP ayilidlulisisanga ngokuphelele ifa layo lamaProthestani eqenjini elihlangene, kodwa icebo lokusekela kwalo ukholo liyivumele ukuba iveze ubuso obugcwele. Ukuzimisela kweqembu lokuthatha inkululeko yenkolo ehlangene nenkululeko yokugxeka inzondo eqondiswe kumaSulumane noma kumaJuda kuye kwaqinisa ukuma kwalo phakathi komphakathi.

Izinselele: Ukuphanga, Ukusekela Amahlelo, Nokungahambisani Nenkolo

Naphezu kwale mpumelelo, i-UUP ibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu emsebenzini wayo wokholo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukubekwa kwezenkolo komphakathi wase-Internast Ireland. Ukuba khona kwesonto kuye kwehla ngokuphawulekayo phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka adlule, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha. Umbiko ka-2023 we-Northern Ireland Statistics ne-Preancing wathola ukuthi ama-UUP manje ama-34% abantu abadala athola ukuthi "akukho nkolo," kusukela ku 17% ngo-2011. Lokhu kuthambekela kululaza ithonya labaholi futhi kunciphisa inzuzo yezombangazwe yokuqomisa i-vota abavoti abakholwayo. I-UPUP kumelwe ilinganise isisekelo sawo esingokwesiko nemithetho yezwe ekhulayo okungase kubheke ukholo olusekelwe ekutheni inguquko njengephelelwe isikhathi noma oluhlukanisayo.

Enye inselele ukuphikelela kwamahlelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho amaqembu amabutho empi ehlala khona ekhona. Ingxoxo ka-UUP nabefundisi bamaKatolika ngezinye izikhathi igxekwa abanyunyana abaqinile ngokuthi ukukhaphela izithakazelo zobuProthestani. Ngokuphambene, amanye amazwi obuKatolika nawesizwe abheka ukubophana kokholo luka-UUP njengendlela yokugcina umProtestanti oziphethe ngokuzisholo ukuthi ungowabantu abaningi. Ukunqoba lokhu kusola kudinga isenzo esingaguquki nemiphumela ebonakalayo. Iqembu futhi liye lazama ukungenela ngokuphumelelayo imiphakathi yamaKatolika amasha, njengalokhu kukhula kwenani lamaSulumane eBelfast nasemphakathini elincane kodwa ekhuthele. Nakuba i-UUPUP imeme ithule ime uma ingunda amaPropo phakathi noDalian, lemikhosi ephakathi kwemikhosi ehlangene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UUP kumelwe ilawule izinhlobonhlobo zangaphakathi zobuProthestani. Amahlelo obuProthestani namafakela, njengeSonto laseHabe elikhululekile neCongregational Union yase-Ireland, ngokuvamile anemibono engokwesiko ephikisanayo nomphakathi okhululekile ezindabeni ezinjenge LGBTQ + amalungelo, ukukhipha isisu, neSonto. Ukusekela kuka-UP umthetho ofanayo womshado ngo-2019, ngokwesibonelo, kwalahlwa abanye abaholi bevangeli, kucindezela ubuhlobo. Ukulinganisela lezingxabano ngaphandle kokweqa uhlangothi ngalunye kudinga ukuxhumana okunolwazi olunolwazi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iqembu likhetha ukucacisa ukunganambaxabanayo emibusweni yokuziphatha.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwezombangazwe Okuqhathanisayo

Ukuze uqonde indlela ka-UUP, kuyasiza ukuyiqhathanisa neminye imiphakathi yasemaNyakatho ye-Irish. I-Dup, esekelwe ngokomlando eSontweni lamaPresbyterian akhululekile, iye yathatha isimo esicacile sokushumayela, ukumelana nokukhishwa kwesisu kanye nomshado ofanayo wobulili nokugcina ukuxhumana okuqinile nabefundisi abangaguquki. Nokho, i-DupuP ibilokhu ihamba kancane ukuba ihlanganyele nemiphakathi yobuKatolika nenkolo engeyobuKristu, igxile esisekelwe esisekelweni esiqinile sobuProthestani. iSinn Féin, nakuba ingekho emthethweni wayo, iye yahlakulela ukusondelana kakhulu neSonto lamaKatolika, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zomphakathi nasemiphakathini yenhliziyo. I-Alliance, ngokwehluke, ngokwenkolo yezwe ne-omini, ikhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile kwesonto nezwe. I-UPUPUP i-Pritan i-ex isekela ukuhlanganiswa kwesonto eliqinile kodwa i-ebuthe ukuhlangana kwesonto nokuhlangana kwesonto.

Lokhu kuma kunenzuzo. Kuvumela i-UUP ukuba inxuse abanyundeli abanokulinganisela abangonwabanga ngenkolo ka-Dup's unitatism kuyilapho futhi bezama ukufinyelela kumaKatolika nakwamanye amaqembu okholo angase avote i-Alliance noma i-SDLP. Nokho, kusho futhi i-UUP ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi ayinalo uhlobo olucacile lwenkolo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa umkhethi osekelwe enkolweni eyodwa okhetha ubuProthestani obungathandekiyo noma ukumiswa kwe-Sinn Féin's. Inselele yaleli yeqembu ikwenza ukholo lwalo lube oluhlukanisayo [1][hayilo nelungelo lokuhlukanisa amahlelo, kodwa njengesibopho sangempela sokubuyisana ngezindinganiso ezingokwenkolo ezifanayo.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Uma ubheka phambili, i-UUP inamathuba amaningana okuqinisa ukuhlangana kwayo nemiphakathi yokholo. Okunye ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wayo nenani lamaSulumane akhulayo, manje acishe abe ngu-15 000 eNyakatho Ireland. Leliqembu lingamisa i-Islam Advisory Group enikezelwe yamaSulumane, efana nalawo aseLabour Party eBrithani, futhi limelela kangcono amaSulumane (indawo ekhona kodwa ekhona). Omunye umkhondo ukusebenzelana namaqembu ezindawo zendawo ezungezile ezisekelwe enkolweni, njenge "Eco-Convocivery Ireland," ezindabeni zesimo sezulu, ezigcwele amasiko enkolo futhi nangamavotist. I-UUPUP ingasekela "Izindawo ezingcwele," umfanekiso osetshenziswa eBosnia izindawo zokukhulekela izindawo eziningi, ngaleyondlela kuxoxwa izingxabano emasontweni amaningi.

Iqembu kufanele lifake igalelo lokuqeqesha ochwepheshe balo nabashisekeli bokuhlanganisa izinkolo, liqinisekise ukuthi ukuthembisana kuyahlonipha futhi kuyalwazi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda amakhalenda angokwenkolo azo zonke izinkolo ezinkulu amelelwe eNyakatho Ireland, kanye nokuzwelana nezimfuneko zokudla, iziyalezo zokugqoka, namaholide enkolo. Ingqungquthela ka-UP yaminyaka yonke ingaveza iziphakamiso ezisezinkolelweni zokholo nezezombangazwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, leli qembu lingasebenzisa indima yalo eMhlanganweni we-Northern Ireland ukusekela isisekelo esiqinile sengxoxo yezokuhlanganisa izinkolo, mhlawumbe nge-"UProubles Actals" egunyaza ukuxoxa nezindikimba zenkolo ngomthetho oyinhloko.

Okokugcina, i-UUP kumelwe ivume ukuthi ukuthembisana ngokholo akuyona ikhambi lokwehlukana okujulile kwe-Northern Ireland. Isivumelwano sezombangazwe ezindabeni ezifana nemithetho elandelwayo, amalungelo olimi, nefa lezinkinga sisabalulekile. Kodwa ngokugcina ubuhlobo obuqinile, obuhloniphekayo, nobunesibindi nemiphakathi yokholo, i-UP ingasiza ekuboniseni uhlobo lobunye oluqinisekayo ngenkathi luvulekele olunye. Emphakathini oya ngokuya ngokuya uhlukahlukahluka, indlela enjalo ayiyona nje izombangazwe ezinhle kuphela, futhi iyimfanelo yokuziphatha ebonakalisa isimilo esingcono kakhulu sesiko elingokomlando.

ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe ngendima yokholo kwezombangazwe zase-Irish yasenyakatho, bheka i- i-Irish Council of Church ingcebo yokubuyisana, BB's ukuhlaziywa kwenkolo nezindlela zokuvota[, kanye ne i-Cent yesifundo sempi yezinhlanga e-Flast [[FLT] eYunivesithi yeNdlovukazi].