Isisekelo Esingokomlando Sokubonakaliswa Kwamazwi Akhululekile

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala asizange siphume esimweni esiphansi. Abahleli baso, ababunjwa amakhulu eminyaka ukuhlolwa kwezincwadi zaseYurophu noshushiso lwenkolo, baqaphela ukuthi irepublic ekwazi ukuzilawula ngokwayo ixhomeke ekupheni imibono mahhala. Lapho uJames Madison emisa iBill of Rights ngo-1789, wadweba ongqondongqondo abakhanyiselweyo njengoJohn Locke noJohn Milton, abaphikisa ukuthi iqiniso livela empikiswaneni esobala kunokuba inikezwe uhulumeni. ISiphendulo Sokuqala samisa uhlelo olungokomthetho olwaluzoba isikhululo senkululeko yedemokrasi kamuva.

Lombhalo ngokwawo ulula ngokukhohlisayo: "Ikhorat ngeke yenze umthetho mayelana nokumiswa kwenkolo, noma inqabe ukuyisebenzisa kwayo ngenkululeko; noma inciphise inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma yezindaba; noma ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nokunxusa uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo." Nokho lo musho owodwa uye waveza amakhulu eminyaka okuchazwa okungokomthetho, ukuphikisana kwesiko, nezenzo zobuqhawe. Ukuqonda lomlando kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukuthi lenkululeko inzima kangakanani nokuthi kungani zidinga ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo.

IRepublic yaseMelika yakuqala yayikude kakhulu ne-Treodolesket ephelele ekhululekile. IAlien neSedition Acts ka-1798 ehlaziywe uhulumeni wombuso, ibonisa ukuthi amalungelo okukhuluma ngenkululeko aphikiswa kusukela ekuqaleni. Lezenzo zaphela noma zaqedwa, kodwa umbango phakathi kwenhlalayenzalo yesizwe nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye awuzange unyamalale. IMpi Yomphakathi, iRed Shavery, i-Civil Rights Movement, ne-War on Terror ngayinye yavivinya imingcele yeSimende Sokuqala seSincishiniso, yaveza izinqumo ezingokomthetho ezisaziwayo eziqhubeka zichaza ukuthi incazelo incazelo ekhululekile namuhla.

Inkululeko Yekhora Evikelwe ISichibiyelo Sokuqala

Nakuba "inkululeko yokukhuluma" iyinkulumo esetshenziswa kakhulu, iSichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela inkululeko ehlobene emihlanu. Ngamunye unendima ehlukile ekulondolozeni umphakathi onempilo wentando yeningi, futhi ngayinye iye yalolongwa izimpi ezithile ezingokomlando.

Inkululeko Yokukhuluma

Inkululeko yokukhuluma ayivikeli nje kuphela amazwi akhulunywayo kodwa futhi imisebenzi elotshiwe, imisebenzi yobuciko, izenzo ezingokomfanekiso ezinjengokushiswa kwefulege, ngisho nezindlela ezithile zokuziphatha okubonisayo. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaphikelela ngokuthi uhulumeni akanakuthula inkulumo ngenxa nje yokuthi ithola imibono icasula noma ingathandeki. Njengoba uMahluleli u-Overvel Holmes Jr. abhala u-Abrams v. United States [19], "uvivinyo olungcono kakhulu lweqiniso lungakhonziwa ekuncintisaneni kwemakene yemakethe."""

Lesivikelo sidlulela enkulumweni yezombangazwe, ephethe isivikelo esiphezulu kakhulu seSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Ijaji likahulumeni liye laqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi izakhamuzi kumelwe zikhululeke ukugxeka izikhulu zomphakathi nezimiso zikahulumeni ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindisela. Nokho, inkulumo ebangela ubudlova obuseduze, isho ukuhlanjalazwa, noma iwele eziqenjini ezimngciphekweni ezinjengokusongela kweqiniso noma ukuhlanjalazwa.

Inkululeko Yezindaba

Iphephandaba elikhululekile lisebenza njengesehlo sokuhlola uhulumeni ngokubika ezindabeni zomphakathi. Abahleli baqaphela ukuthi izakhamuzi azinakwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngabaholi bazo uma ukwaziswa kulawulwa noma kuhlolwa.

Izivikelo ezisemqoka zezindaba zihlanganisa ilungelo lokunyathelisa ukwaziswa okuhlelwa ngokwezigaba ngokuziphatha okubi kukahulumeni, njengoba kuboniswe kuyikhambi lePentagon Papers ([[FT:0]] New York Times Co. v. United States, 1971, kanye nesivikelo ekunqandeni ukuvinjelwa ngaphambi, okusho ukuthi uhulumeni ngokuvamile akanakukwazi ukumisa ukunyatheliswa kusengaphambili. The Reporters Committee for Free of the Press[[FLT]] inikeza imithombo emikhulu yamalungelo okucinezelayo kanye nezisekelo ezingokomthetho ezikhona kumaphepha.

Inkululeko Yomhlangano

Ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula livumela abantu ukuba bahlangane ukuze babhikishe, babhikishe, bahambe futhi bahlanganyele emihlanganweni yasobala. Lenkululeko ibilokhu ibalulekile kuwo wonke umzabalazo omkhulu wezenhlalo emlandweni waseMelika, kusukela kwabaqedi bemithetho yokuqedwa kwezwe kuya emzabalazweni wezisebenzi kuya ekulweleni amalungelo omphakathi. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ukuthi ilungelo lokubuthana lingaba yize uma lingavinjelwa kalula yiziphathimandla zendawo.

Nakuba uhulumeni engase abeke isikhathi esilinganiselwe, indawo, nezindlela zokubeka imingcele emihlanganweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha komphakathi, ayinakukhetha ngokusekelwe ekuqukethe isigijimi. Imvume ingadingeka emibuthanweni emikhulu, kodwa ivumela ukuba kukhishwe amaqhinga anciphe futhi ashiye eminye imikhondo ukuze abonise. i-Civil Rights Movement ka-1960 yabonisa kokubili amandla nengozi yokuhlangana, njengoba abahambi abanokuthula bebhekene nokuphikiswa kobudlova kuyilapho ekugcineni begcina bebophe inguquko ezingokomthetho ezaguqula isizwe.

Inkululeko Yokucela

Ilungelo lokunxusa kuhulumeni livumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziveze izikhalo futhi zifune ukubuyiselwa ngokuqondile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusayina izicelo, ukubhalela izikhulu ezikhethiwe, ukumangalela uhulumeni, nokudlulisa icala ngokusemthethweni. Isicelo ngezinye izikhathi siyanganakwa, kodwa sinikeza indlela engokomthetho yokuba izakhamuzi zifune ukulandisa kubameleli bazo.

Ngokomlando, lesi sicelo sasiyisibopho esiyinhloko senhlangano yokunqanda ukuqedwa kwezwe, esasigcwele izinxuso ngokumelene nobugqila. Namuhla, iziteshi zezicelo ze - Internet ziye zatholakala kakhulu, nakuba ziphumelela ngendlela ehlukahlukene.Isimiso esiyinhloko siwukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe alalele; akudingekile ukuba uthathe isinyathelo, kodwa ngeke kujezise izakhamuzi ngokuzenza zizwe ngamazwi azo ngezindlela ezihleliwe.

Inkululeko Yenkolo

Izingcaphuno zenkolo zeSichibiyelo sokuqala zifeza izinjongo ezimbili ezivumelanayo: Ukumiswa kuka-Claus kuvimbela uhulumeni ekugunyazeni noma ekumiseni inkolo engokomthetho, kuyilapho i-Free Expressice Clause ivikela amalungelo abantu okusebenzisa ukholo lwabo ngaphandle kokungenela kukahulumeni. Bonke benza lokho uThomas Jefferson akubiza ngokuthi "udonga lokuhlukanisa phakathi kweSonto noHulumeni."

Lemisho iye yabangela ukubekwa kwemithetho ebanzi, ikakhulukazi emthandazweni wesikole, ukuboniswa kwezenkolo empahleni yomphakathi, nokungavunyelwe kwemithetho evamile esebenzayo. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yasungula uvivinyo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokulinganisela inkululeko engokwenkolo nezinye izithakazelo zikahulumeni eziphoqelelwe. IReligious Freedom Reconsoletion Act (RFRA) nemithetho yenkululeko engokwenkolo ephakeme kahulumeni iye yayiguqula kakhulu lendawo, ngokuvamile ibangela izimpikiswano mayelana nemingcele phakathi kokuzivivinya okungokwenkolo nokuvimbela ukumelana nemithetho yesizwe.

Izincazelo ZeNkantolo Eziyinhloko

Ukuqonda iSichibiyelo Sokuqala kudinga ukujwayelana namacala amaningana avelele aseNkantolo Ephakeme aye achaza izinga nemingcele yayo.

Uvivinyo Olusobala Nolwamanje Oluyingozi

Scheck v. United States [1919], iNkantolo Ephakeme yasekela ukuqiniseka komsolishi owasakaza amapheshana amelene nemishini phakathi neMpi Yezwe I. UJaji Holmes wasungula "ingozi esobala nekhona" uvivinyo, ephikisa ngokuthi inkulumo edala ingozi esobala nesondelayo yokulimala ingabekwa imingcele. Isibonelo esivelele siqamba amanga "umlilo" enkundleni yemidlalo egcwele abantu. Lokhu kuhlola kuye kwacwe, futhi kamuva kudinga ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwenkulumo nokulimaza okungase kwenzeke.

Amazwi Alwayo Nosongo Lwangempela

Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942) yamisa "imfundiso elwayo", ivumela uhulumeni ukuba ajezise inkulumo ecishe ibangele ukusabela kobudlova okusheshayo. Nokho, izinqumo ezilandelayo ziye zayinciphisa kakhulu lenketho. Ngokufanayo, "izinsongo zangempela" imfundiso ivumela ukumangalelwa kwenkulumo ethi umuntu onengqondo angayichaza njengesibonakaliso esingathi sína senhloso yokulimaza. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi inkulumo kumelwe icace futhi ifaneleke, hhayi nje ukucasula noma ukucasula.

Inkulumo Engokomfanekiso Nokuziphatha Okubonisa Isineke

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ukuthi ukuziphatha okushubile kungafaneleka njengokukhuluma ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala. . [ku-Des Moines Independent Community School District [1969], iNkantolo yavikela ilungelo labafundi lokugqoka izibambo ezimnyama ekuvukeleni iMpi yaseVietnam, ngokudume ukuthi abafundi “abawachithi amalungelo abo omthetho-mthetho-mthethweni ukuba bakhululeke inkululeko yokukhuluma noma yokukhuluma engosini yesango lesikole." Ngokufanayo, [[FLTLT] v. Johnson [19989]] [19]) wayephethe ukuthi ifulegi isho inkulumo engokomfanekiso, isinqumo esiwuyimpicayo esihlala siphikisana kodwa isimiso sikahulumeni asikwazi ukuphinda futhi sisho ngendlela ephambene.

Ukushukunyiswa Nokuvivinywa KweBrandenburg

Brandenburg v.O. [1969] yamisa indinganiso yanamuhla yokuvuselela: inkulumo ingabekwa imingcele kuphela uma iqondiswe ekuvuseleleni isenzo sokungabi namthetho esiseduze futhi ngokunokwenzeka iphumelele. Lesi siqobo sivikela ukuvikelwa kwemibono efiphele, ngisho nenobudlova, uma isikhulumi singafuni ukuveza ukuziphatha okungavunyelwe umthetho. Lesinqumo sibonakalisa ukukhathazeka kweNkantolo ukuthi imingcele ebanzi yenkulumo ingathulisa ukuphikisa kwezombangazwe.

Imingcele Yokukhuluma Ngokukhululeka

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela izimpawu eziningi, kodwa izigaba ezithile azivikeli.

Ukuphica

Izinkulumo ezingamanga ezilimaza idumela lomuntu zingabangela ukulahlekelwa komphakathi. Izibalo zomphakathi zibhekene nomthwalo ophezulu: kumele zibonise "unya olungokoqobo," isikhulumi sasazi ukuthi inkulumo yayingamanga noma yayenze ngokunganaki iqiniso ( iNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 1964]). Abantu bomphakathi badinga ukubonakala benganaki. Ukukhomba umthetho kulinganisela ukuvikela idumela ngokumelene nesidingo sengxoxo eqinile yomphakathi.

Ububi Nezithombe Ezingcolile Zezingane

Ukuzimela akuvikelwa yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala, kodwa iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yazama ukukuchaza. Ukuhlolwa kwamanje, okuvela Miller v. California [1773], kudinga ukubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi ukhanga isithakazelo esiphezulu, uveza ukuziphatha kobulili ngendlela enengekayo, futhi awunazo izincwadi ezingathi sína, ezobuciko, zezombangazwe, noma ukubaluleka kwezesayensi. Izithombe zobulili zabantwana zikhishwa ngokuphelele ekuvikelweni kweSiphendulo Sokuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhlangana yini neSiphendulo sikaMiller, ngenxa yesithakazelo esiphoqelileyo sokuvikela izingane.

Ukushukunyiswa Nokuhlukunyezwa

Njengoba kuphawuliwe, inkulumo ebangela ubudlova obuseduze ayivikelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsongo zangempela nokuhlukunyezwa okudala indawo ezungezile egcwele inzondo kungalawulwa. Ukwanda kokuhlukunyezwa nge-intanethi kanye nokukhuluma nge-inthanethi kuye kwabangela ukusabela okusha komthetho, lapho izinkantolo zizama ukusebenzisa izimiso ezingokwesiko zeSichibiyelo sokuqala kuma-tektha. i-Electronic Foundation inikeza isiqondiso sendlela izimiso zokukhuluma ngesihle nge-electronic Foundation [FLT: 1]

Ukulondeka Kwesizwe Nokwaziswa Okuyizinhlobo

Uhulumeni angase avimbele inkulumo esongela ngokuqondile ukulondeka kwesizwe, njengokunyathelisa amabutho phakathi nempi. Umthetho we-Espionage ka-1917 usasebenza, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwawo ekufuyeni ikhwelo nezintatheli kuye kwaphikisana kakhulu. Umbango phakathi kokubonana nokufihla imfihlo uyaqhubeka uguqula izimpikiswano ngokugadiselana ukuqapha, ukuvuza, nokucindezela inkululeko.

Indima Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Yakho Njengengxenye

Ukuhlanganyela ekukhulumeni ngenkululeko akugcini ngokuveza imibono yakho kodwa futhi nokusekela izimo ezenza wonke umuntu akwazi ukuveza imizwa yakhe ngokukhululekile.

Ukuhlonipha Amalungelo Abanye

Umthwalo wemfanelo obaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi amalungelo akho aphelela lapho amalungelo abanye eqala khona. Ungaphikisana kakhulu nenkulumo yothile, kodwa ukuthi ukungavumelani akukuthetheleli ukucusumbula noma ubudlova. Ikhambi lenkulumo elimazayo liwukukhuluma kakhulu, hhayi ukuthula. Ukuhlanganyela nemibono ephikisanayo, uma yenziwa ngokholo oluhle, kuqinisa inkulumo yentando yeningi futhi kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zicwengisise izikhundla zazo.

Lesi simiso sisebenza ikakhulu enkulumweni ecasulayo noma ephazamisayo. ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ngisho nenkulumo enenzondo, uma nje ingahileli ekuvuseleleni noma ekuhlukunyezeni. iNhlangano yesizwe ye-Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) ne-American Liberties Union (ACLU) iye yawavikela ngokuvamile amalungelo okukhuluma amaqembu aphikisayo, iqaphela ukuthi isivikelo seqembu elilodwa sibeka isibonelo esiyingozi kubo bonke.

Ukugwema Amazwi Alimazayo Noma Amanga

Ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile akukunikezi ilungelo lokuhlambalaza abanye, ukwenza umgunyathi, noma ukusakaza amanga ayingozi. Abathathi becala baqinisekisa amaqiniso abo, amaphutha, futhi bagweme ukumangalelwa ngokunganaki. Ukusakazeka kokungaqondi kahle, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yezokuxhumana, kuye kwaba inselele enkulu empikiswano yomphakathi enikezwa ulwazi. Izakhamuzi zinesibopho somphakathi sokucabangisisa ngokwaziswa ezikuhlanganyelayo nokuzibeka icala ngokunembe.

Lomthwalo wemfanelo uhlanganisa ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kombono neqiniso. Umbono uvikeleke ngokugcwele, kodwa ukuveza amanga ngokuthi amaqiniso angaba nemiphumela yangempela yezwe. Ukuveza icala akudingi ukugwema impikiswano, kodwa kudinga ukwethembeka nobuqotho.

Ukuxoxa Ngenhlonipho

Ukuxoxa ngenhlonipho akukona ukugwema ukungezwani; kuphathelene nokulondoloza isimo lapho ukungavumelani kungazuzisa khona.

Ingxoxo yenhlonipho futhi isho ukuqaphela lapho izingxoxo zingakhinyabezeli. Akuzona zonke izimpikiswano ezinganqotshwa, futhi akuzona zonke izitha ezithatha isinyathelo ngokholo oluhle. Ukwazi ukuthi ukulahla kubaluleke njengokuzi ukuthi ukhuluma nini. Umgomo awukona ukuqeda izingxabano kodwa ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela ethuthukisa ukuqonda kunokuba ihlukanise.

Ukuthuthukisa Indawo Yomphakathi Ekhethekile

Intando yeningi enempilo ixhomeke ekuhlanganyeleni kwazo zonke izakhamuzi. Labo abanemithombo emikhulu, amazwi aphakeme, noma amapulatifomu amaningi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza indawo yemibono encishisiwe. Ukukhuluma okuphelele kusho ukufuna ngamandla amazwi avame ukukhishwa futhi akhiwe izindawo lapho kungazwakala khona ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindisela.

Lokhu akusho ukulahla imibono yakho siqu noma ukunikeza isilinganiso esilinganayo kuyo yonke imibono kungakhathaliseki ubufakazi. Kusho ukuqaphela ukuthi isikwele somphakathi sicebe kakhulu futhi siphumelela kakhulu lapho sibonisa izinhlobonhlobo zomphakathi esiwukhonzayo. i-Civil Rights Movement, umzabalazo wabesifazane, ne-LGBTQ + umzabalazo wamalungelo wonke wandisa ukufinyelela kweSichibiyelo sokuqala ngokuphikelela ukuthi amaqembu ahlukanisiwe ahlolwe.

Izindlela Eziwusizo Zokukhuluma Ngokunenzuzo

Ukwazi amalungelo akho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala; ukuwasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo kudinga amasu, ukulungiselela nokuqaphela izinto eziwusizo.

Ukubhala Nokunyathelisa

Inkulumo ebhalwe phansi ihlala ingenye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okuveza ngokukhululekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhalwe ngo-op-med, izinhlamvu eziya kumhleli, iziphakamiso ze-metholi, noma i-methodia, ukubhala kukuvumela ukuba uthuthukise futhi uxoxe ngemibono nezilaleli eziningi. Ukubhala ngokuphumelelayo: chaza impikiswano yakho eyisisekelo, uyisekele ngobufakazi, uvume iziphakamiso ezicacile, futhi usebenzise ulimi olucacile oluzwakalayo lwezilaleli zakho ozihlosile.

Ukuzifundela kuyi-intanethi kuye kwanciphisa imingcele yokungena, kodwa futhi kudinga ukuqashelwa. Iqiniso lihlola umsebenzi wakho, usho imithombo, futhi libonise umbono wakho. Inkulumo engaziwa ivikeleka ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala, kodwa ingaba nokubaluleka okuncane ezibukelini ezingakunaki ukulandisa.

Ukuqhayisa Nokuhlangana

Ukubhikisha okunokuthula kuyindlela efakazelwe ngokomlando yokudonsela ukunakekela ekungabini nabulungisa nasekushintsheni okufuna impoqo. Ngaphambi kokuhlela noma ukujoyina ukubhikisha: ukucwaninga izimfuneko zendawo, ukuqonda imingcele engokomthetho yokuziphatha okungalawuleki, futhi uhlele ukunqanda uma ubhekene. Yazi amalungelo akho uma emiswa yi-agnode e-gallery: ngokuvamile unelungelo lokuqopha umsebenzi wamaphoyisa, ukuhlala uthule, futhi ungafuni ukuphenya ngaphandle kobufakazi.

Imikhosi ephumelelayo ihlanganisa ukuthumelelana imiyalezo ecacile nezenzo eziwusizo. Izimpawu, izingoma, nokuhamba okuhleliwe kudinga ukuxhumana kokubili kubenzi besinqumo nomphakathi. Ukuhlela amathuluzi nge-inthanethi kungafinyelela, kodwa uma kukhona obekungakho, kuhlala kunamandla kakhulu ukubonakalisa ukubopheka nobunye bokwakha.

Ukuhlanganyela Enkulumweni Ye - Internet

Ama-odatic ashintshe indlela yokukhuluma ekhululekile, avumela ukuxhumana okusheshayo kwembulunga yonke kodwa futhi adala izinselele ezihlobene nokuhlukunyezwa, ukwaziswa okunganembile, nokusetshenziswa kwe-algoric. Ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo kuyi-intanethi: khetha amaplatfomu avumelana nezindinganiso zakho, qaphela ukuthi imithetho yemithetho ingawuphazamisa kanjani umyalezo wakho, futhi uhlanganyele nemiphakathi ekhuthaza ingxoxo enzima.

Inkulumo exhunywe kuyi-intanethi ivikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala, kodwa amapulatifomu angawaboshelwanga ngendlela efanayo nohulumeni. Imithetho yenkonzo ingavimbela inkulumo evikelekile epaki lomphakathi. Ukuqonda imithetho yamapulatifomu oyisebenzisayo kukusiza ukuba usebenzise lezi zindawo ngokuphumelelayo. i-ACLU’s inikeza isiqondiso emfundweni yokukhuluma ngokukhululekile [[ emalungani elungile nasemakhonweni enkulumo e-ilayini nangaphandle kolayini.

Ukuzihlanganisa Nohulumeni

Isicelo sinikeza indlela eqondile yokuhlanganyela nezikhulu zikahulumeni. Bhala noma ubize abameleli bakho, bafike emahholo edolobha, banikeze ukukhulumela kwasobala ngezimiso ezihlongozwayo, futhi bahlanganyele emihlanganweni kahulumeni yendawo. Lezi zinkulumo ngokuvamile ziphumelela kakhulu kunalapho zibonakala, ikakhulukazi uma ziyingxenye yemizamo yokubambisana.

Ukwakha ubuhlobo namalungu ezisebenzi, ukuqonda inqubo yomthetho, nokuhlela izinto ezikukhathazayo ngokuqondene nemiphumela yesimiso kunokuba kunikezwe izikhalo zomuntu siqu kwandisa amathuba okuzwakala.

Ukukhuluma Ngenkululeko Enkathini Yezinombolo

I - Internet iye yashintsha indlela okusebenza ngayo ukuveza imizwa ekhululekile. Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana, ama - computer okufuna izingcingo, nezimiso zokulinganisela ezikuqukethe manje kusakaza ingxenye enkulu yenkulumo yeningi, kuphakamisa imibuzo emisha ngokuthi ubani olawula isikwele nokuthi imiphi imithwalo yemfanelo ethwala amapulatifomu.

Uhulumeni Wezokwakha Nengxenye 230

Ingxenye 230 yoMthetho wokuXhoba i-Decency Act ivikela iziteshi kuyi-intanethi ezibophayo lapho inikeza ikhono lokulinganisela ukuneliswa ngokholo oluhle. Lesi simiso somthetho siye senza ukuba imithombo yezokuxhumana ikhule kodwa futhi sadala izingxabano ngokuhlola, ukuqamba amanga, nokukhubazeka kwemithetho. Izinkulumo eziphathelene nokusingatha amapulatifomu ziyaqhubeka, ngezicelo ezisukela kumthetho oqinile kuya ekubonakaleni okukhulu.

Ukuqonda ukuthi izinto ezisesiteji ezisesilinganisweni zibalulekile kanjani kunoma ubani oncike kuzo ukuze aziveze. Izimpawu zenkonzo ziyahlukahluka, futhi okuvunyelwe kwenye indawo yesikhulumi kungavinjelwa kwenye. Isimo esihloniphekile se-inthanethi ye-intanethi sisho ukuthi amapulatifomu akhona ngalabo abaphikisana nezimiso ezinkulu, nakuba imiphumela yenethiwekhi ivame ukulinganisela ukufinyelela kwabo.

Ukuthuthukisa Umthetho Kahulumeni Nezikhungo Zokuhlobisa

Amasiko aphambili ahlanganisa izivumelwano angandisa izinto ezivusa inkanuko, ezidukisayo, noma ezihlukanisayo, abangele ukuba abantu bafake amagumbi okunanela lapho ngokuyinhloko bechayeke emibonweni eqinisa izinkolelo zabo ezikhona. Lokhu kukhulumisa kungasonta inkulumo yeningi futhi kululaze inkolelo ethi "Izimemezelo zemibono" esekela ukuguquguquka komthetho wokuqala weSichibiyelo.

Ukumelana nalemiphumela kudinga umzamo wobuhlakani: guqula imithombo yakho yokwaziswa, funa imithombo yezinga eliphambili, futhi uhlanganise nombono obekela inselele imicabango yakho. Ukufunda nokubhala ngendlela amanani asebenza ngayo kuba yikhono eliyisisekelo lomphakathi, njengokuqonda indlela okhethwe ngayo noma imithetho ewenziwa ngayo.

Injabulo Nezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Izimpawu zenombolo zishiya imikhondo engaqashelwa ohulumeni nezinkampani. Ukuzifaka emdlalweni kungathuntubeza, njengoba abantu ngabanye bengase bazibukele lapho becabanga ukuthi bayabukwa. Ukuvikela imfihlo yakho ngokubhala umlomo, ukuxhumana okulondekile, nokuqaphela ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa kuyisici esibalulekile kakhulu sokukhuluma ngokukhululekile.

ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeki nokuquleka, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo emininingwaneni ye-odigic kusasungulwa yizinkantolo. Ukusebenzisa izinqubo ezifihliwe zokuthumela imiyalezo, ukuphenya ngamathuluzi okuqondisa izinto zomuntu siqu, nokukhuthaza imithetho eqinile eyimfihlo kusiza ekulondolozeni izimo lapho ukuveza izinkulumo ngokukhululekile kungachuma ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindisela.

Ukuvikela Ukubonakaliswa Kwenkululeko Kwezizukulwane Ezizayo

ISichibiyelo sokuqala asikona ukuziqeda. Kudinga ukuzivikela okunenkuthalo, ukuchaza ngokuhlakanipha, kanye nezakhamuzi eziqonda kokubili amalungelo azo nemithwalo yazo yemfanelo. Ukuvikela ukukhulumela izizukulwane ezizayo ngenkululeko kuhilela izibopho eziningana eziqhubekayo.

Ukufundisa Ukufunda

Imfundo yeCivic akufanele ihlanganise nje kuphela umbhalo woMthetho - sisekelo kodwa nomlando wokulwa ngokukhululekile, ukucabanga ngezinqumo zenkantolo eziwuphawu lwezenzakalo, namakhono awusizo engxoxo yenhlonipho nokuqamba amakhanda.

Ngaphandle kwekilasi, abazali, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nezinhlelo zokufunda nokubhala zonke zinikela ekwakheni isiko lokukhuluma ngokukhululekile. Umgomo uwukuveza izakhamuzi ezingahlukanisa phakathi kwenkulumo evikelekile nokuziphatha okulimazayo, ezizisa impikiswano esobala, futhi eziqonda ukudayisa okuhilelekile ekuqondiseni.

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Abo Bonke

Umlando ubonisa ukuthi imingcele yokukhuluma ivame ukukhula ngaphezu kwamandla abo. Izikhulumi ezisengozini kakhulu zidinga isivikelo esinamandla kakhulu, ngoba azinawo amandla ezombangazwe okuzivikela ngezinye izindlela.

Lesi simiso siye savivinywa kaningi. Ngemva kuka-9/11, ama-Arabia namaMuslim aseMelika abhekana nokuqashelwa nokuhlukunyezwa okwavivinya imingcele yokungakhululeki. Phakathi ne-Black Live Matter, imibuzo yokulimala kwempahla kanye nokuziphatha okuncomekayo yayixabana kakhulu. Esimweni ngasinye, amandla eSichibiyelo sokuqala ayexhomeke ekuzimiseleni kwezakhamuzi nezinhlangano ukubasekela ngisho nakulezo zikhulumi ezingathandwa.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezindlela Ezintsha Zobuchwepheshe

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha, kumelwe siqonde indlela yokukhuluma ekhululekile. Ukuhlakanipha okunzulu, ukulinganisela kwe-algorithism, kanye neqiniso liyoveza izinselele ezintsha ezingase zidibane kahle. Ukuhlala sizazi lezi zenzakalo nokuhlanganyela ezingxabanweni zezimiso kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimiso ezikhululekile zikhona kunokuba zishiywe.

Izindinganiso eziyisisekelo zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala ziyasebenza kungakhathaliseki ushintsho lwezobuchwepheshe. Ukubonisana, ukulandisa, nokuvikela ukungavumelani kubaluleke kakhulu ezikhaleni zemishini njengasezindaweni zokuhlangana zamakoloni.

Ukwakha Isiko Lokukhuluma Ngenkululeko

Lokhu kusho ukugubha izikhulumi ezibekela izinkolelo zobuorthodox inselele, zisekela ukuthatha izintatheli ezizimele nokungavumelani ngenhlonipho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Isiko lokukhuluma ngokukhululekile liyilelo lapho abantu bezizwa belondekile ngokwanele ukuba bakhulume ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindisela komphakathi noma kobuchwepheshe, ngisho nasezindabeni eziphikisanayo.

Ukwakha impucuko enjalo kudinga umzamo womuntu wonke. ISichibiyelo sokuqala siyisisekelo, hhayi isiphetho somphakathi.

Indima yakho ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo sokuqala ayikona ukuthatha indawo. Akukona ukujabulela inkululeko kodwa ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela ehloniphekile, ukuyivikela ngamandla, nokuyidlulisela eqinisweni esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ukhuluma, ubhala, uhlanganisa, noma unxusa, uhlanganyela ekuzameni okuqhubekayo kwentando yeningi yaseMelika. Imfanelo yalokhu kuhlola ixhomeke ekuqondeni kahle nasekufezeni indima yakho. Inkululeko ayisona isipho okumelwe samukelwe kodwa iwumkhuba omelwe uphile.