UKUHLANGANISA i-COBIC kungukuphila okungenamsebenzi kwezinhlangano zentando yeningi, okumelela izindlela eziningi abantu abazihlanganisa ngazo nemiphakathi yabo ukuze bathonye izinqumo zomphakathi kanye nemiphumela ehlangene. Ngokufaka ivoti kukhetho lwendawo lokuhlela ukuhlanzeka komphakathi, lezizenzo zokuhileleka ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukubusa kuhlala kusabela kubantu abakukhonzayo. Enkathini ephawuleka ngokuncipha kokuthembana ezinhlanganweni kanye nokuhlukana okukhulayo kwezenhlalo, ukuqonda ukuthi izakhamuzi zingaba kanjani − futhi zenza kanjani imiphakathi yazo ibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukusungulwa kwengxenye ebanzi yezakhamuzi: izindlela zazo eziningi, izinzuzo zazo, izithiyo eziphazamisayo, kanye namasu awusizo okuthuthukisa ukukhomba ukukhomba ukuhlanganisa izakhamuzi.

Yini Okuhilelekile Kubo?

Ingxenye ye-Covic, evame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambelana nesivumelwano somphakathi, ibhekisela ezenzweni abantu abahlanganyela kuzo ekuphileni komphakathi nakwezombangazwe kwemiphakathi yabo. Nakuba ukuvota kuyindlela ebonakala kakhulu, umqondo ubanzi kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa ukuzinikela ekutholeni inzuzo yendawo, ukuya emhlanganweni wesikole, ukusayina isicelo, ukukhonza ekhomishane kamasipala, noma ukusekela ushintsho lwenqubo ngemikhankaso yokubhala izincwadi. Ekujuleni kwayo, ukuthatha iqhaza kwezakhamuzi kuphathelene nokusebenzisa inqubo yazo yokuhlela indawo yomphakathi, idolobha, isifundazwe, noma izinga lesizwe.

Izazi zihlukanisa phakathi kokubophana kwezombangazwe (imisebenzi ehloselwe ukuthonya izinqumo zikahulumeni) nokuthembisana kwezakhamuzi (imisebenzi egxile ekuthuthukeni komphakathi okungase kungabi yizisulu zikahulumeni). Izibonelo zokubopha kwezombangazwe zihlanganisa ukuvota, ukunikela emikhankasweni, nokuhlangana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe. Isivumelwano sihlanganisa umsebenzi wokuzithandela, amalungu ezinhlangano zomphakathi, nokuhlanganyela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi. Zombili lezi zici zibalulekile ukuze kube nentando yeningi enempilo.

Lo mbono ubuye uvele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngekhulu le-18 nele-19, ukuhlanganyela komphakathi kwakugxile emihlanganweni yasedolobheni nasemihlanganweni yokuzithandela, echazwe ngodumo ngu-Alexis de Tocqueville umbuso we-Democracy eMelika[. Namuhla, amathuluzi obuchwepheshe andisa ithuluzi: izicelo zomphakathi, ukunxusa kwezezezokuxhumana, ukuhlanganisa i-dvocacy, kanye nemisebenzi yomphakathi egcwele izixuku manje ibalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni izakhamuzi.

Isizathu Sokuba Ingxenye Ehlangene Izindaba

Ukuthembisana ngokuzimisela kwezakhamuzi akuyona nje into engcono, kodwa kuzuzisa abantu nemiphakathi ngokufanayo. Ukucwaninga kuveza njalo ukuthi imiphakathi enamazinga aphakeme okuhlanganyela komphakathi ijabulela ukubambisana okunamandla kwezenhlalo, ukubusa okuphumelela ngokwengeziwe, nemiphumela engcono yomphakathi.

Amandla Nokuzimisela

Lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela, zikhipha umnini wezinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwazo kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kuqeda imizwa yokungabi nalusizo nokuzehlukanisa. Abantu abavota, abazivunyela, noma abahlelayo bangaba nokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi bangenza umehluko, qha qha, umuzwa wokuphumelela kwezombangazwe okusekelwe ekuzinzeni kwentando yeningi.

Ukwakha Inhloko - dolobha Yomphakathi

Isazi sezenhlalo uRobert Putnam, emsebenzini wakhe wezenhlalakahle u-Bowling Alone, safaka ubufakazi bokuthi ukwehla kwezivumelwano zomphakathi ezihlangene nokukhukhuleka kwenhloko - dolobha yomphakathi. Izimiso zokuthembana nokuhlanganisa imiphakathi. Ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi kuhlanganisa abantu phakathi kwengxabano, ukuhlanganisa ukuqondana nokubambisana. Lendwangu yomphakathi ibalulekile ekuxazululeni izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi zempilo, ukusabela kwenhlekelele, nokuvuselelwa kwezomnotho.

Ukulandisa Nokuziphendulela

Izikhulu eziqashelwayo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zisabela ngokuqapha kakhulu lapho izakhamuzi zibheke futhi ziveza ukukhathazeka kwazo. Ukuba khona njalo ehholo ledolobha, ubufakazi bomphakathi, nokuvumelana nomphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zibonisa izithakazelo zendawo kunezinto ezikhethekile ezincane. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola ngezindlela zokusebenzisa imali ngokwezimo kubonisa ukuthi lapho izakhamuzi zinquma ngokuqondile ukunikeza izimali zomphakathi, izakhiwo eziwumphumela zisiza kangcono ekudingekeni komphakathi.

Ukushayela Ushintsho Emphakathini

Kusukela emzabalazweni wamalungelo omphakathi kuya ekulinganani komshado, cishe yonke intuthuko enkulu yezenhlalo emiphakathini yentando yeningi iye yaqhutshwa ukuhlanganyela komphakathi okuhleliwe. Isenzo sokuhlanganisa ("engaba ngemikhankaso yokubhikisha, imikhankaso yokubhala incwadi,""ikhankasela) i-octives joints joints joints systems, i-oppoints. Ngisho nasezingeni lendawo, izakhamuzi ezibophelele zingaqhubezela imigwaqo ephephile, izikole ezingcono, kanye nesivikelo sendawo.

Izinhlobo Zokuhlanganyela

Ngezansi kucatshungelwa izindlela ezivamile, ezigxile kokubili ezinhlotsheni ezingokwesiko nezivelayo.

Ukusanhlamvu

Ukuvota kuhlala kungumthetho wokuthatha isinyathelo sentando yeningi. Kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zikhethe abameleli futhi zinqume izinyathelo zokukhetha ezindabeni ezisukela kumthetho wentela kuya kwenye indawo. Ukuvota okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuqonda inqubo: imibandela yokuvota, ama-vhoti ayinhloko. ukhetho oluvamile, izimfuneko zokuhlukanisa, nokutholakala kokuvota kwangaphambi kwekhulu noma kokuvota ngeposi. Ku-2020 U.S. ukhetho, ama-3 amathathu abavota abafaneleyo baphonsa ibholaot − / / / i-pane i-pane ephepheni eliphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwekhulu leminyaka elinanyathene . Ngokukakhulu kusuka kukhetho bendawo ngokuvamile kuhlala kungaphansi kwe-30%. Ukuvota okuthatha i-vota, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwe-ccccccle kanye nezinhlanga zendawo, kuyinto yokuqala kwabamele abameleli abaningi.

Ukuba Khona Emihlanganweni Yeningi

Amabhodi esikole, imikhandlu yedolobha, amakomiti ezindawo, namakomiti emithetho kahulumeni aqhuba imihlangano yasobala lapho izakhamuzi zingakhuluma khona phakathi nezikhathi zokuphendula. Ukuba khona kulemihlangano kunikeza ukungenela okuqondile kubenzi besinqumo futhi kuvumela abantu ukuba baphakamise izinkathazo, babuze, futhi bahlongoze amakhambi. Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu labazali abeza emihlanganweni yebhodi yesikole lingathonya izinqumo zezifundo noma izakhiwo zezindawo zomthetho. Imihlangano eminingi manje ihleli kahle, inciphisa imingcele engokomzimba ukuze ibe khona.

Ukuvolontiya

Ukuvolontiya ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi — amabhange okudla, izinhlelo zokufundisa, amapaki ahlanzekile, izindawo zokukhosela izilwane, yindlela eqondile yokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila lapho kwakhiwa ubuhlobo. INhlangano yeSikhungo Senkonzo sesizwe nesomphakathi ibika ukuthi amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu amasha eMelika asebenza ngokuzithandela unyaka ngamunye, anikela ngokusemthethweni amahora ayizigidi zenkonzo. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela, njengokusiza umakhelwane noma ukuhlela iqembu lomphakathi, zihlanganisa nokuhlanganyela komphakathi.

Ukuzitika Nokuthatha Isinyathelo

Ukuzingelela kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ngentshiseko imbangela ethile noma isimiso. Lokhu kungathatha indlela yokubhala izincwadi noma ama-imeyili kubaphathi abakhethiwe, ukuhlela imibuthano, ukuthatha uhlangothi, noma ukusebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze kuphakanye. Amaqembu ezokuxhumana ezindawo zendawo ezungezile noma izinhlangano zesizwe ezinjenge ACLU /'channel sixtel sithathe isinyathelo esiqhubekayo sokucindezela ushintsho lwemithetho noma lwezombuso. Ukuzibandakanya kotshani ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izimpande zotshani namasu ayinkimbinkimbi okuxhumana.

Ukuhlelwa Komphakathi

Ukuhlelwa komphakathi kuyindlela yokwakha amandla ngokuhlanganisa abantu abafuna inzuzo eyodwa. Abahleli baveza izinto ezivamile ezikhathazayo `izindlu ezikhokhelwayo, ukuphepha komphakathi, ubulungisa bezomnotho(*) futhi basebenzele ukuthuthukisa ubuholi, ukwakha imifelandawonye, nokuthatha isinyathelo esihlangene. Umhleli wamuva uSaul Alinsky wokuhlela umphakathi, ngokuningiliziwe RULAS ezika-Dluwaluyalu oluqinile [[, uhlala unethonya. Namuhla, izinhlangano ezinjengezezezezezezezeze ziqeqeshele i-Foctives Foundations zomphakathi ukuba zixhumane nezakhiwo zamandla.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwezinombolo

I-Internet isungule izindlela ezintsha zokuthembisana komphakathi. Izibalo (umz., ngokusho, ngokushintsha) zivumela abantu ukuba baqoqe izigqebhezana zezimbangela abazikhathalelayo. Amapulatifomu ezezokuxhumana enza ukuba ukubuthwa ngokushesha kwemibhikisho noma ukuqoqa izimali. Amathuluzi obuchwepheshe anjenge-See ClickFix avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibike izimbo zomgodi noma izibani zasemgwaqweni eziphukile ezikhungweni. I-Online forums kanye namahholo edolobha kwenza kube lula kubantu abakhubazekile, abanabanakekeli, noma abanezinqumo eziqinile ukuba bahlanganyele. Nokho, ukuthatha izingxoxo zemishini kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokungafani kwezokungalingani (i gestture digic), ukukhomba, ukunganisa izinkulumo exeshiwe ngqo, kanye nokuhle kwenkulumo ye-intanethi yomphakathi.

Ukugijima Ngehhovisi Nokukhonza Ezinqoleni

Izakhamuzi zingabulawula ngokuqondile ngokuzifunela isikhundla esikhethiwe . kusukela ebhodini yesikole ukuya edolobheni ukuya emkhandlwini wesifundazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohulumeni abaningi nabangayizuzi bathembele emabhodini nakumanxusa okuhlela (isib., amakhomishani okuhlela, amabhodi okulungisa amapaki, amabhodi omtapo). Ukukhonza kulemisebenzi kunikeza okuhlangenwe nakho kokwenza inqubo kanye nokuhola komphakathi.

IJury Duty

Ukukhonza ejajini kuwuhlobo lokuhlanganyela komphakathi okuqinisekisa ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala ngokufanele.

Izithiyo Zokuhlanganyela

Ukuqaphela lezi zithiyo kuyimfuneko ekwakheni intando yeningi ekhethekile, nakuba ibalulekile, abantu abaningi babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu zokuzibandakanya nohulumeni weningi.

Ukuntuleka Kolwazi Nokuqaphela

Izakhamuzi eziningi aziwazi amalungelo azo, izindima zamazinga ahlukene kahulumeni, noma amathuba akhethekile okuhlanganyela.

Isikhathi Nemithombo Yezinto Esilinganiselwe

Ukuthatha iqhaza kuthatha isikhathi (isikhathi) lapho izisebenzi eziningi ezihola imali ephansi, abazali abangabodwa, noma abantu abafuna imisebenzi eminingi zingenakho. Ukuvota, ukuya emihlanganweni yakusihlwa, noma ngisho nokuvota kungaba nzima kulabo abanezimiso ezingalindelekile noma izinto zokuhamba ezilinganiselwe. Imingcele yolimi kanye nokungakhathalelwa kwabantwana kuthinta imiphakathi elinganiselwe ngokungenakulinganiswa.

Izinkinga Zesimiso Semvelo Nezokwakha

Imithetho yokubhalisa, izimfuneko zokuhlukanisa, nezindawo zokuvota ezilinganiselwe zingacindezela ukuthatha iqhaza, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanemibala ehlukahlukene, intsha, nabangenayo. Ukuhlolwa kwango-2018 kwe-leader Conference Education Fund kwathola ukuthi ngemithetho yokuvota eqinile imithetho yanciphisa ukuvota, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abambalwa. Ngokufanayo, imihlangano yomphakathi eqhutshwa phakathi namahora okusebenza noma ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki ngokuphumelelayo ikhiphe izakhamuzi eziningi.

Ukudumazeka Nokungathembani

Izakhamuzi eziningi ziyangabaza ukuthi zithatha inxaxheba. NgokwePew Research Center, ukuthembela kuhulumeni kuye kwancipha kancane kancane phakathi namashumi eminyaka. Uma abantu bekholelwa ukuthi lesi simiso silawulwa noma ukuthi izwi labo lizoshaywa indiva, cishe abakwazi ukuvota, ukuvota, noma ukuhlela. Lokhu kudumazeka kungadala umjikelezo wokuzilahla.

Izithiyo Ezingokwengqondo Nezenhlalo

Ukwesaba ukukhuluma obala, ukuntuleka kolwazi lomuntu, noma ukuzizwa ungamukeleki ezindaweni ezivelele kungavimbela ukuhlanganyela.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuhlanganyela Kweqembu: Izinhlangano Ezisebenzayo

Imiphakathi, ohulumeni, nezinhlangano zingathatha izinyathelo eziqinile zokususa izithiyo futhi zikhuthaze ukuthembisana okwengeziwe.

Imfundo Yesibalo

Izikole zinendima ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni intsha ukuba ibe isakhamuzi esikhuthele. Ukucwaninga kwe kwezeNyakatho & Ukucwaninga ngeCBICO Learning ne-Chinement (CIRCLEment)[ eYunivesithi yaseTufts kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abathola imfundo ephezulu yezemfundo yomphakathi yezentando yeningi (ihlanganisa izingxoxo zezenqubo zentando yeningi, izingxoxo zezenzakalo zamanje, nemisebenzi yokufundela imisebenzi yamanje, cishe bavote futhi bazinikele njengezisebenzi abadala.

Ukwenza Ukuhlanganyela Kufinyeleleke

Izinguquko ezingokoqobo zinganciphisa kakhulu izithiyo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhalisa ivoti ngeposi, ukuhlela imihlangano yomphakathi ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene (kuhlanganise kusihlwa nezimpelasonto), ukunikeza incazelo yolimi, nokunikeza izingane izenzakalo. Amanye amadolobha aye asebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlela imali, anika izakhamuzi ukulawula ngokuqondile ingxenye ethile yemali kamasipala − indlela eye yandisa ukuthembisana kwamaqembu abambelele emasikweni aphansi.

Ukufinyelela Nokwakha Ithemba Emphakathini

Ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezingazuzisi kudingeka bazame ukufinyelela ngokuphazima kweso emiphakathini encishisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthatha indawo ngaphandle kokuthumela izimpukane noma ukuthumela imithombo yezindaba zomphakathi; kuhilela ukwakha ubuhlobo ngomnyango wendlu ngendlu, ukusebenzelana nabaholi bomphakathi abathenjwayo, nokuba nezikhathi zokulalela ezindaweni ezizungezile. [ INhlangano yesizwe ye-CBIBIO[[[FL:1] sekuyisikhathi eside isekela ukubophana komphakathi okuhlanganisayo okuqala ngokuhlangana nabantu lapho bekhona.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuntekenteke

Amathuluzi obuchwepheshe angathatha ingxenye. Ama-apps athumela izikhumbuzo ngezinsuku zokhetho, anikeza ukukwazi ukuxhumana okulula nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, noma avumele izakhamuzi ukuba zibike izindaba ezingangeni-meyansi (njengemigodi) zokunciphisa ukukhuhlana. Nokho, amathuluzi obuchwepheshe kumelwe abe yindawo yokuqala: amathuluzi obuchwepheshe kufanele aphelezele //angenamkhawulo ("in-person) nokhetho oluphansi. Izinhlelo zezezinombolo zingasiza ekuhleleni igebe.

Ukusungula Imibono Enenjongo

Ezinye izikhulu ziye zazama ukunikeza izikweleti ezincane zokuya emihlanganweni yomphakathi noma ezibhodini. Ezinye izinhloso zihlanganisa ukuvumela abavoti ukuba bathole amabhonasi (njengentela encane) ukuze bavote, nakuba iziphakamiso ezinjalo ziphikisana. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kubonisa ukuthi ukuthatha isinyathelo empeleni kuholela ekushintsheni //imiphumela ephumela ekuthonyeni kwezakhamuzi eziye zavela ekufakeni izivumelwano.

Ubusha Nekusasa Lokuhlanganyela Ebubini

Ukuhlanganyela kwentsha ekuphileni komphakathi kubalulekile empilweni ehlala isikhathi eside yentando yeningi. Ngokomlando, intsha iye yaba nokhetho oluphansi kunamaqembu amadala, kodwa ukuthambekela kwamuva kubonisa izimpawu zoshintsho. Kukhetho lwango-2020 e-U.S., intsha yaqala ukuhlasela yaya ku 50%, iqhutshwa yizimpikiswano ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukwahlulela ngokwezinhlanga, nezikweletu zabafundi. Imibutho efana noMarch yeWes Lives and the Sunrise Movement ibonisa indlela intsha engenza ngayo impumelelo.

Ukuze kulondolozwe lokhu kwanda, izikole nezinhlangano zomphakathi kufanele zinikeze amathuba engeziwe okuhola intsha, njengasephalamende lentsha, uhulumeni wabafundi, kanye nentsha efaka izibhodi zezokuvota emadolobheni. Ukuhlisa iminyaka yokuvota ibe ngu 16 kokhetho endaweni ethile, njengoba iqaliswe eTakoma Park, Maryland/iboniswe futhi ekuthuthukiseni imikhuba yokuvota kukho konke ukuphila. Ukukhuthaza [[FLT:] ukwakheka [[[FLT: 1]] phakathi kwentsha kungabasiza ukuba bathuthukise amakhono ekwakheni i-avracy, Confice, nesenzo esihlanganisayo esizobasiza kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.

Isiphetho: Amandla Ezakhamuzi Ezikhuthele

UKUHLANGANISA akusona isenzo esisodwa kodwa umkhuba oqhubekayo othinta imiphakathi nezizwe. Kunika abantu amandla, kuqinisa izibopho zomphakathi, kubeke abaholi icala, futhi kuqhube ushintsho olubangela ukuba imiphakathi ikwazi ukwenza ngokulunga nokuqina. Nakuba izithiyo − zokungabi nalwazi oluhambisana nokwehluka-hlukene kwezimiso (-alunzima, zihlala zinamandla. Ngokufaka isikole somphakathi, ukususa izithiyo zokuhlanganyela, futhi ukwakha iziteji ezihlanganisa isibopho, imiphakathi ingavula amathuba agcwele ezakhamuzi zayo. Ekupheleni, idemocricracy ayixhomekile ekuvumeni okungazenzisi kodwa ekuthatheleni impumelelo kodwa ekufundiseni, ukuthatha isinyathelo esiqhubekayo. Ikusasa lemiphakathi yethu liseza ezandleni zethu, kanti isinyathelo sokuqala siyaboniswa.