Umklamo Wezinqumo: Ukuqonda Indlela Esizichaza Ngayo

Izimiso ze-Electoral zakha umnyombo wentando yeningi yabameleli. Ziguqula ukukhetha komuntu ngamunye ovotayo emiphumeleni ehlangene yezombangazwe, zinqume ukuthi yiziphi iziteshi zemisebenzi ezithola ithonya. Amakhenika alezi zimiso awathathi hlangothi; abumba umncintiswano weqembu, ukuziphatha komvoti, kanye kanye kanye nobuntu bokubusa. Kubafundi besayensi yezombangazwe, abafundisi abaklama izifunda zezwe, nababophele izakhamuzi, baqonda izimiso zokusebenza zezimiso ezihlukene zokhetho. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolwa okuningi kwezimiso ezimbili eziyinhloko: iPst-FP- PT- P) neRP eHlaintion (RC), i-VoRC). Ihlola imisuka yabo, imisuka engoko kwezobuchwepheshe, amandla asebenzayo, amandla, nobuthakathaka bangempela bezwe, ukuhlelwa kwezimiso ezisebenza kahle.

Izinqumo zokuklama zinemiphumela emikhulu. Isimiso esivuza imifelandawonye emikhulu singaveza izikhawu eziqinile zohulumeni abaningi kodwa sivimbele amazwi anciphileyo. Isimiso esikhulisa ukukhetha kwalabo abavoti singaveza izishaya - mthetho eziningi kodwa ngezindleko zobunkimbinkimbi bekhono lokulawula. Impikiswano phakathi kwe FPTPTP ne-RCV ayiyona nje inqubo edinga ubuchwepheshe; iyimpikiswano ngokuthi idemokrati omele ibeke iphi: ukunquma noma ukuvumelana, ukuvumelana okulula noma ukuqina noma ukufakwa. Lokhu kuhloselwe ukuhlobisa abafundi ngolwazi ukuze babhekane ngokunempikiswano.

Iposi Lokuqala - Kuqala: Ukucosha Nemiphumela Yakho

I-Past-the Post yokuqala, eyaziwa nangokuvota okuyingxenye eyodwa eyodwa, ngokomlando ingenye yezimiso ze-vota ezisakazeke kakhulu ezweni le-Anglophone. Isimiso sayo esiyinhloko siqondile: izwe noma indawo ihlukene ngokwezigaba eyodwa, futhi umvoti ngamunye uphonsa ibhola elilodwa kuleyo komiti. Umfundi othola amavoti amaningi kuleyo ndawo uwina isihlalo. Akukho mfuneko yokufinyelela inani elikhulu lamavoti aphonswe; i-itransfecteds. Lendlela manje isetshenziselwa ukukhetha i-voti yesizwe emazweni ahlanganisa ne-United States (ngendlu yabameleli), i-United States, i-Canada, kanye ne-Indiya, kanye nezwe elikhulu ne-ogadio kulawo.

Ukunxusa kwe-FPTP kusemqoka kakhulu. Amavoter adinga ukukhetha igama elilodwa. Ukubala kumane kubonakale ngokushesha, ngokuvamile kuveza imiphumela ngobusuku bokhetho. Isimiso sidala ukuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kwama-accomp kunye nommeleli waso, okungabangela ukulandisa kwendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-FPTPP ithanda ukuveza ohulumeni abaningi abayingxenye eyodwa, ngisho noma kungekho qembu elizuzayo ekuvoteni okuthandwayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuvezwa njengenzuzo enkulu, okwenza ukuba isikhulu esiphethe izikhulu sikwazi ukubhekana nesidingo sokuxhumana okusheshayo.

Umshini Wokubala Imibala Eminingi Kuyi - FPTP

Kukhetho oluvamile lwe-FPTP, isifunda ngasinye sisebenza ngokuzimela. Amabhola aqoqwa, ahlolwayo, futhi othatha ibhanile ophakeme kakhulu kuthiwa uphumelele. Ezifundeni lapho abathathi-mgomo abathathu noma ngaphezulu bencintisana khona, umnqobi angathola isihlalo ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-50 evoti. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu ozovota angawina ngamaphesenti angu-34,3 uma asele amaphesenti angu-6 ehlukaniswa phakathi kwabaphikisi ababili noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kunamandla aphakathi kwezinsolo eziningi ezigxekwayo ezibekwe phansi isimiso.

Ukumba Okujulile: Izinzuzo Ze - FPTP

Ngaphandle kobulula obungaphezulu, i - FPTP inikeza izinzuzo eziningana zokwakha ezisiza ekuchazeni ukuphikelela kwayo.

  • Ukuzihambelana kolwazi kanye nokuLayisha i-Low Coog Pat: Isenzo sokubeka u-X oyedwa ebholaleni sidinga imfundo encinci. Lokhu kwaziswa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanamazinga ahlukene okufunda noma okujwayelene nezinqubo zokuvota. Amazinga okuvota amancinci kakhulu.
  • I-apersonaltive:[ ngoba isifunda ngasinye sikhetha ummeleli oyedwa, abavoti bazi ukuthi ubani onecala ngezindaba zendawo noma ngekhono leqembu ezweni lonke. Akukho ukungaqondi ukuthi isiphi isishayamthetho esimelela indawo ethile.
  • Imiphumela ecacile: Inqubo yokubala izibalo kune-ireetive. Akukho guff indingiliza, akukho mithetho yokukhipha, akukho kulinda ukuba amabhola athuthwe ngokoqobo ukuze athole inani. Lesivinini singaba yisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni ukuthembela komphakathi enqubeni yokukhetha.
  • Ukubekwa phambili kwe Fringe Extremism: uFTP onqobayo uthatha yonke indalo ngamandla ayenza amaqembu amakhulu amise eduze kwesikhungo sezombangazwe ukuze akhange umfelandawo ebanzi. Abathathi bempi abasemaphethelweni bavame ukulwa nokuthola inzuzo ngoba abakwazi ukuthembela esisekelweni esiphezulu ukuze bawathwale ngemijikelezo eqedweni.

Ubuthakathaka Obuyisisekelo Be - FPTP

Izingozi ze-FPTP zibalulekile ngokufanayo futhi zibhalwe kahle. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi isimiso sisonta ngokulandelanayo ukumelelwa futhi sinqande umvoti ukuba athathe iqhaza.

  • I-Botes ne-Seats eziphephile: esifundeni lapho kubusa khona iqembu elilodwa, abavoti basekela amanye amaqembu ngokuphumelelayo balahla amavoti angenamdlandla. La "amavoti anqanyuliwe" awawuthonyeli umphumela. Lesi simo sibangela ukuba ucindezeleke uphume ezihlalweni eziphephile, njengoba abavoti bephetha ngokuthi bathathe iqhaza labo. Ngokwenhlolo ye-Electoral Reformation Society, kukhetho lwama 201919, kukhetho olungu-UK jikelele, isilinganiso samaphesenti angu-53 evoti ayephonswe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa abangeniswe noma izihlalo eziphephile lapho umphumela wawuyisiphetho esisemthethweni.
  • I-Disportiality neManufected Mathine: FP ithambekele ekukhiqizeni ukuphikisana okukhulu phakathi kwengxenye yeqembu levoti ethandwayo kanye nengxenye yezihlalo zayo zomthetho. Iqembu lingawina iningi eliwujuqu ngenani elincane elingu-35-40 lamavota esizwe. Ku- 2015 ukhetho lwe-UK jikelele, i-Conservative Par win iwina amaphesenti angu-5 ezihlalo ezingamaphesenti angu-3 kuphela ngevoti. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, izigaba ezincane ezisekela indawo ehlukene, njenge-Liberal Demodatractes noma i-Green, njalo lamukela izihlalo ezingaphansi kwezinkonti zezindawo ezibolwayo.
  • Umthetho wobuvolontiya noMdanso: Isimiso sidala ukucindezela okunamandla kwengqondo ekwakheni inkundla, noma ukuvota ngobuchule. Abavolo abakhetha isigaba sesithathu somvoti-mfundaze bangase bazizwe bephoqelekile ukuvota umxhasi omkhulu owesigaba sokuvimbela umphikisi ongathandeki. Lokhu kunamandla, okugunyazwe isazi sesayensi sezombangazwe uMaurice Duverger njengoMthetho kaDuverger, kuvame ukuwisa ukuncintisana kube yisimiso sengxenye emibili ngesikhathi. Izivoter zincishwa ithuba lokuveza ukuthanda okuqotho kwengxenye encane ye-mvotiveza ngaphandle kokufaka engozini ukuvota kwabo.
  • Ukukhishwa kwama-douty of Minority Voics: I-FTP ngokwendlela ehlelekile i-producements ezisakazekile ngokwezwekazi elincane (noma yiluphi uhlanga, i-screen, i-octal, noma inani labantu abakhona). Iqembu elihlanganisa amaphesenti ayishumi abantu esifunda ngasinye lelizwe liyowina izihlalo ze-teroot, kuyilapho iqembu elikha amaphesenti angu-60 ezakhamuzi ezifundeni eziyishumi liyowina lezo zihlalo. Lokhu kungaguqula izinqumo zenani lemithetho futhi kubeke imingcele ebalulekile.

Izincwadi Ezikhethekile: Ukubonakaliswa Kwenkulumo Kapapa Nezinga Elikhulu

I-Rankered Choice, ibizwa nangokuthi i-Proy Runoff Voing (IRV) noma ukuvota okuthandwayo, inikeza enye indlela yokwakha eklanywe ukunikeza amaphutha amaningi e-FPTP'. Kukhetho lwe-RCV, abavoti abathatha izikhundla ngokulandelana kwe-colot eyodwa: ukhetho lokuqala, ukhetho lwesibili, ukhetho, lwesithathu, njalo njalonjalo. Uma umfundi amukela iningi lamavoti okuqala, bawina ngokuqondile. Uma kungekho mfundi efinyelela emnyango omkhulu, inqubo yokukhipha iqala. Umvoti ngevoti yokuqala embalwa iyasuswa. UBallot uphonsa leyonto kuleyo futhi kuvoti olandelayo. Lenqubo ibuye ilandelwe inqubo yevoti enkulu.

I-RCV isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi ezikhulayo. I-Australia iye yasebenzisa ukuvota okukhethekile kwe House of Messars kusukela ngo- 1918. E-United States, iMaine yaba yisifunda sokuqala ukwamukela i-RCV kukhetho lukahulumeni ka-2018, kulandelwa i-Alaska ngo-2020. Amadolobha anjenge-San Francisco, i-Oakland, iMinneapolis, ne-New York City asebenzisa i-RCV ekukhetheleni ama-palement. Isimiso futhi siye samukelwa amaqembu amaningana ezombangazwe emincintiswaneni yokuhola yangaphakathi.

Umshini Wokulawula I - RCV

Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-RCV kudinga ukuqondisa okucophelelayo. Amabhola aklanyelwe ukuvumela abavoti ukuba basuse izigaba ngokucacile, ngokuvamile besebenzisa amakhomu noma amabhamu abhalwe 1, 2, 3, njll. Ngemva kokuvala, izikhulu zokhetho zihlola zonke izinombolo futhi zakhe isikhala sezindawo ezithandwayo ze-coce. Uma kungekho mtanki odlulayo owengeziwe owengeziwe owedlula amaphesenti angu-50, umvotezi ophansi uqediwe. Kulowo nalowo odweba uhlu olususiwe njengokhetho lokuqala, ibhola lokhetho laphindelwe kwababelwayo libalwe njengokhetho lwesibili. Ama-Balot angahleli ohluliwe ngokulandelayo aphele futhi asuswe ekubaleni. Le nqubo iphindaphindwa ngendilinga, kuze kube yilapho umdwebindi weningi.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-stabial kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunobukhulu obulula be-FPTP. Kudinga ukuthatha i-software ephakathi noma eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba. Nokho, ngoba le nqubo iklanywa futhi inqanda ukuguquguquka, imiphumela ingathunyelwa ngokushesha ngokunengqondo ezimisweni eziningi, ngokuvamile phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili zokukhetha.

Izinzuzo Zokukhetha Okunemisebe

Abasekeli be - RCV baphikisa ngokuthi ixazulula izinkinga eziningana eziphikelelayo ezihlobene ne - FPTP kuyilapho iveza izinzuzo ezintsha zentando yeningi.

  • Ukususwa kwe-Spoler Effect: ivumela abavoti ukuba basekele isigaba sesithathu noma isicela sokuzimela njengesinqumo sabo sokuqala ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi ivoti yabo izosiza ekukhetheni abazomelana kakhulu. Uma umvoti wabo wokuqala we-ace ususwa, ukudlulisela kwabo ibhola ekukhetheni kwabo kwesibili. Lokhu kuqeda i "isiphendulo" ngamandla ahlupha izinhlanga ngaphansi kwe FPTPP, edume kakhulu ngo 2000.S. ukhetho lomongameli eFlorida, lapho uRalph Nader's asociso lwezenteko yasolwa kakhulu khona ngokuvota kwabo okuvela e-Alre.
  • Impumelelo ephumayo nge Voter khetho: RCV iqinisekisa ukuthi umnqobi ophumelele ekugcineni usekelwa iningi labavoti abahlanganyela emzuzwaneni wokugcina. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ne-FPTP, lapho abawinile bengathatha khona ihhovisi ngamaphesenti angu-30 noma ngaphansi kwevoti emasimini amaningi. Imvume eningi inikeza umphandu omkhulu owenziwe ngomnqobi futhi inikeze isisekelo esiqinile kakhulu sokhetho lokubusa.
  • Ukuqinisekisa kweSiphakamiso Sokufaka Ikhampani: Ngenxa yokuthi abavoti kumelwe banxuse ukuba bavote ngalé kwesisekelo sabo esiseduze ukuze balonde izintandokazi ezisodwayo, RCV incenticive imikhankaso yokungagxili ekuhlaseleni okungakhiyo futhi kugxile kakhulu ekwakheni imifantu ebanzi. Ababhebhebhetheki abamelene nabo bafake abasekeli babo ezingozini abamelene nabo, abangase babe bangaba yiziseke okwesibili. Ukucwaninga kuFairvote kufaka inte encipheni engcono ekukhangiseni okunga amadoloza e RCV emadolobheni e-FPP.
  • Ithiywe yalahlwa i-Votes ne-Speed Turnout: Abavoli bangaphonsa ibhola lokhetho lwabo oluthandwa ngempela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka "ukulahla" ukuvota kwabo. Lenkululeko yokukhuluma ivame ukwandisa ukubopha nokuneliseka. Ukuhlola ngokhetho lwe-RCV e-U.S. amadolobha aye abonisa ukwanda okuphawulekayo ngokuqhathaniswa kwe-vota uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlanga ze-FPTP, ikakhulukazi phakathi kokhetho olusha.
  • Ukuhlukahluka okukhulisiwe kwe-Cantive: RCV inciphisa isithiyo sokungena kwabazohlolwa abavela emaqenjini angaphansi. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi simiso asijezisi abavoti ngokusekela owesifazane, umuntu wemibala, noma ilungu leqembu lesizwe elincane njengesinqumo sokuqala, laba bavoti bangangena emjahweni ngaphandle kokukhishwa njengongagunyaziswa. Ubufakazi obuvela emabusweni besebenzisa i-RCV busikisela ukuthi iye yaholela ezintsheni eziningi ezihlukahlukene zommeleli nakwemiphumele emiphumelweni eminingi.

Izinselele Nokugxekwa Kwe - RCV

Naphezu kwamandla ayo, i - RCV ikhona. ukutholwa kwayo kuye kwamelana kakhulu, ikakhulukazi e - United States, lapho eminye imibuso iye yashintsha khona i - RCV ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwayo kokuqala.

  • Joter Confusion and Ballot Markers: Inqubo esendaweni ayijwayelekile kubavoti abaningi. Kukhetho lokuqala lwe-RCV emagatsheni amasha, izinga lokungavumelani nenani eliphakathi kwenani elifanayo noma ukushayisa izinombolo, ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwaba ngaphezulu kunoma kukhetho lwe FPPPP. Lokhu kudinga ukuba imikhankaso yemfundo evotayo eqinile, ebiza kakhulu futhi ikhokha isikhathi. Ama-2021 e-costation aseNew York City, amavota amakhulu e-RCV eU. umlando, wabona iphutha lenani elicishe elingu-12%, nakuba lawo amaphutha ayelungiswe ngenkathi yokuzithoba kokugcina.
  • I-RCV ephethe i-xlemistletic and Contre: idinga umklamo okhethekile we-colot, imishini yokuvota ekwaziyo ukuhlukanisa i-collet eklanyweyo, ne-software yokuhlanganisa i-tablog. Eminye imikhakha ibike izindleko ezihlobene nokuthenga imishini emisha kanye nokuqeqesha izisebenzi zokukhetha. Inqubo yokubala izibalo ingabambezela futhi ukukhishwa kokugcina kwemiphumela, ukunikeza ukwaziswa okunganembile noma ukungathembana emijahweni evale.
  • Ukukhathala okune-Ranking: Okhethweni nabavoti abaningi, abavoti bangazizwa bekhungathekile ngemfuneko yokubahlela bonke. Amanye amagunya alinganisela inani lezikhundla (umz., ukukhetha okuhlanu) ukuze banciphise lokhu, kodwa lemingcele ngokwayo ingaba yindawo yokuphikisana.
  • Iqokobhe eliyi-[FLT: inciphisa isibindi sokubulala kuphela okuhlobene nokuvota, abavoti abayinkimbinkimbi bangaqhubeka behlanganyela ekuziphatheni kobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, umvoti angahlela umvoti obuthakathaka kuqala ukuthuthukisa izibalo zalowo mvoti wokuqala, ethemba ukuthonya uhlelo lokukhishwa. Laziwa ngokuthi "ukufihlwa," lelisu alivamile kakhulu ku-RCV kune-FTPP kodwa lihlala liyikhathazo elicatshangelwayo.
  • I-Majority Ngezinye izikhathi I-Illusory: I-"majority" efinyelelwe emzuzwaneni wokugcina we-RCV inqwaba yamabhola ahlala ekhona, hhayi iningi labo bonke abavoti ababhaliwe noma ngisho nawo wonke amabhola akhandwayo. Amabhola akhipha indilinga yokugcina (ngoba awathandi phakathi kwabasasele) akhishwa ezibalweni zokugcina. Kwezinye izinhlanga, umnqobi angathola ingxenye enkulu eseleni lengqikithi yokhetho.

Ukuqhathanisa ukukala: FPTP v. RCV Ngaphesheya kwesihluthulelo

Ukuqhathanisa i - FPTP ne - RCV ngokuhlelekile kwembula ukuhweba okunenjongo okumelwe kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela.

Incazelo Emelelwayo

Azikho i-FPTP noma i-RCV, njengoba zisetshenziswa ezifundeni ezinezingxenye eyodwa, eklanyelwe ukufinyelela ukumelelwa okulinganayo. Zombili izimiso zimelela amaqembu amakhulu futhi ziveza amancane. Nokho, i-RCV iveza imiphumela elingana kakhulu kune-FPTP noma i-RCP ngenxa yokuthunyelwa kwamavoti kubantu abasusiwe. Ngaphansi kwe-FPTPPP, iqembu elinamaphesenti angu-15 lisekela ngisho namaqembu ahlukene angawina izihlalo zezigalo. Ngaphansi kwe-RCV, leloqembu elifanayo lingawina izihlalo ezimbalwa ezifundeni lapho abafuni balo benamandla okusinda ezindimeni.

Inkululeko Nenkulumo Yesibani

I-RCV inikeza abavoti ikhono elingcono kakhulu elichazayo. Umvoti angabonisa lokho abakuthandayo okungaqondakali kubantu abaningi abazobhapathizwa, okubonisa ukuvunyelwa kwabanye nokungavunyelwa abanye. I-FPTP inciphisa ukusho kovoti kube yikho okukodwa okubili. Lokhu kulinganisela kukhulu kakhulu emongweni wengxenye ehlukahlukene, lapho umvoti angasekela khona iqophelo lomphakathi omncane kodwa akhethe umdlali oyinhloko wesigaba ezindabeni zendawo.

Ukuqina kwesimiso sokusebenza (seactive v. Responsives

I-FPTP ithambekele ekuthandeni ukuqina ngokunqanda ukwanda kwamaqembu amasha futhi iveze ohulumeni abaningi abayingxenye eyodwa. Lokhu kuzinza kungaba ubuhle ngezikhathi zenhlekelele noma lapho kudingeka isenzo esiwujuqu sokushaya umthetho. I-RCV, ngokuphambene, isabela kakhulu ekushintsheni izinhlelo ezithandwayo zabavoti kanye nokuvumelana kakhulu kwezinhlangano ezintsha zezombangazwe. Ingaveza izishaya-mthetho ezihlukene kakhulu kanye nethuba eliphakeme lohulumeni abahlangene, abanye ababheki ubuthakathaka nabanye abakubheka njengekhono.

Izindleko Nokungasifezi

I-FPTP ishibhile futhi kulula ukusebenzisa, ikakhulukazi ekwakheni idemokrasi noma izifunda ezinezikhundla zokuphatha ezilinganiselwe. I-RCV idinga izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nemfundo yabavoti. Izindleko zokuguqula iFPTP kuya kwi-RCV zingaba zinkulu, kuhlanganise nemishini ekhuliswayo, ukuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi, nemikhankaso yokuqaphelisa umphakathi. Lezizindleko kumelwe zihlolwe ngokumelene nezinzuzo zesikhathi eside ezingase zitholakale zokumelelwa nokuvota okuthuthukiswe.

Izifundo zeCeta yezwe: Izifundo Ezitholakala Ekwenzeni

Ukuhlola indlela i - FPTP ne - RCV esebenza ngayo okhethweni lwangempela kunikeza umbono obalulekile ongenakuqhathaniswa.

ECanada: IFPTP Nokuphoqelela Inguquko

Canada isebenzisa i-FPTP ekukhetheni kwayo kwe-PTP ehlangene. Kukhetho lwama-2019 no-2021 lukahulumeni, i-Conservative Party yawina ubuningi bevoti ethandwayo kodwa yahluleka ukwakha uhulumeni ngoba iLiberal Party yawina ubuningi bezihlalo. Lomphumela . .[1] i-a yawina amavoti amaningi kodwa hhayi izihlalo eziningi. Yafaka i-CPPP ekwahlulele ukuvota okungagunyaziswe ekuguquleni inguquko. I-Liberal ngokwayo yathembisa ukuguqula isimiso sokhetho ngo-2015 kodwa yashiya isithembiso ngemva kokuwina iningi ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-FTPPP. Indaba yaseCanada ibonisa indlela i-FTPP eveza ngayo imiphumela ewuzwa ngokungathandekiyo engxenyeni enkulu ye-voluteoti, ukuncitshiswa kwenqubo yentando yentando yentando yeningi.

IAustralia: Indaba yempumelelo ende yeRCV

I-Australia iye yasebenzisa ukuvota okuthandwayo kweNdlu yabameleli kusukela ngo- 1918, inikeza ikhulu leminyaka lokwaziswa okusebenza kwe-RCV. Isimiso samukelwa kabanzi ngabavoti namalungu ezombangazwe ngokufanayo. Abavoti base-Australia bajwayele ukuzuza izihlalo eziphezulu, futhi amazinga okuphambanisa aphansi ngenxa yemikhankaso yemfundo esungulwe kahle. Isimiso siye savumela i-Australian Labor Party ne-Liberal Coalition ukuba zihlale zikhona kuyilapho futhi zivumela amaqembu amancane anjenge-Australia Greens ukuba awine izihlalo lapho ukusekela kwendawo kuqinile. I-RCVV iveza ukukhetha okuvamile kohulumeni abaningi, nakuba ukwakhiwa kwemihlanga ivamile. I-Australia ibonisa ukuthi i-RC isebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngesilinganiso sesizwe ngenhlangano engokomthetho yenhlangano kanye ne-votiortho.

IMaine neAlaska: IRCV eUnited States

I-Maine yaba yisifundazwe sokuqala e-U.S. ukuba samukele i-RCV kukhetho lukahulumeni ngemva konyaka ka-2016. I-Alaska yalandelwa ngokukhetha okuhlukile kwe-Top-Four okuhlangene ne-RCV ngokhetho oluvamile. U-20222 e-Alaska ekhethekile ye-Democrates yaba uvivinyo oluyingqopha-mqokotho. Insimu eholayo yayihlanganisa amaRepublicrand, iDemocrat, kanye nenye ezimele. Ngaphansi kwe-FPTPPP, amaRepublicrange angahlukanisa ivoti yekhethelo, futhi avumele iDemocrat ukuba iwine ngobukhulu. Ngaphansi kweRCV, ihoselele inqubo engcono yenye yenye inguquko enamandla, iphinde yathola i-Republican Republicsburg iqhubeke impone. Lokhu kwabonisa ukuvola inguquko enziwayo.

Ngalé Kwezimiso Ezimbaxa - mbili: Ezinye Izimiso Zokuxhumana

Nakuba i-FPTP ne-RCV ziwukuthatha izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko, akuzona kuphela izindlela ezikhona. Ukuqonda indawo ebanzi ekhethayo kunikeza umongo obalulekile.

Ipropaticationation (PR) Izimiso, ezinjengepartical List PR ne-Omplication Tompic Vote (STV), ijongo lokuhlanganyela isihlalo ekuvoteleni ngokuseduze ngangokunokwenzeka. I-PR isetshenziswa emazweni angaphezu kuka-80 emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise neningi leYurophu ne-Latin America. Lezimiso ziveza iziphakamiso eziningi nemibuso ehlangene, abanye abameleli kakhulu futhi abanye abaphikisani kakhulu.

Izimiso ezihlanganiswe-MEMber Proportionel (MMP), ezisetshenziswa eJalimane, eNew Zealand, nakwezinye izindawo, zihlanganisa izigodi ezinezihlalo eziphezulu ngokulinganayo ukulinganisela izimpawu zomphakathi nendawo nokulingana. I-MMP ibihloselwe njengendlela yokulungisa eCanada nase-United Kingdom.

Ukuvota nokuvola kuyizimiso ezingezinye ezivumela abavoti ukuba babonise ukusekela okuphindiwe ngaphandle kwesikhundla esiphezulu. Ukuvota kwemvume kucela abavoti ukuba bahlole bonke abazobhapathizwa abathola ukuthi bayamukeleka. Izibalo zicela abavoti ukuba bavotelwe ngokwesilinganiso senani lenani lomfundi ngamunye. Lezizimiso zithathwe ngenani elincane lezifunda kodwa zihlale zifundwa kancane kune-FPTPP ne-RCV.

Ukuze kucaciswe kabanzi izimiso zokukhetha zembulunga yonke, i-International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Aniteration (I-IDEA) igcina i-metamsethi yokuxhumana. Othisha nabacwaningi bangahlola futhi i- ACECAL Knote ye-Ulwazi [[ yesiqondiso sobuchwepheshe nezifundo zezezesayensi.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Komklamo Wobuciko

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Pst-Past- Post ne-Ranked Choring akusona nje isinqumo sokulawula esingokobuchwepheshe. Kuyisinqumo sezombangazwe esiyisisekelo ngokuphathelene nendlela amandla okufanele ahlanganiswe ngayo, indlela abavoti okufanele bamelelwe ngayo, futhi uhlobo lwedemokrasi umphakathi olulangazelela ukwakhiwa. I-FPTP inikeza ubuhle bobulula, ijubane, kanye nokubusa okuqinile, kodwa ngezindleko zokuchitha amavoti, ukusonta, nokuveza ukuziphatha okungokwesiko. I-RCV inikeza izimpawu ezicebile zovoti, imiphumela eminingi, nezisusa ezinhle, kodwa iletha ubunkimbinkimbinki bezokuphatha kanye nesidingo sonogada obekiwe.

Akukho hlelo olulodwa lokukhetha olufaneleke kahle kuwo wonke umongo. Ukukhetha okungcono kuxhomeke esikweni lezwe lezombangazwe, ubukhulu bendawo, izinhlanga nemibono ehlukene, kanye nekhono lokuhlela. Abafundi nabafundisi, umgomo awukona ukubiza isimiso esisodwa esiphakeme emhlabeni wonke kodwa ukuqonda ukuthutha kwezentengiselwano nokuhileleka ekuhlonishweni kobufakazi ngokuphathelene nokuthi idemokrasi injani.

Njengoba amagunya amaningi ezama ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuvota, ubufakazi obungaqondakaliyo buyaqhubeka bukhula. Izinhlangano ezinjenge- Fairvote zinikeza ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo ngemiphumela ye-RCV, kuyilapho i-Electoral Reformation Society [[ inikeza ukuhlaziywa okugxekayo kwe-FPPPP kanye nezibuyekezo zayo. Izakhamuzi ezihlonyiswe ukuqonda okunencazelo ecacile konohlelo lwe-projectal makhenicas zikulungele kangcono ukusekela izimiso ezihambisana nezinzuzo zazo futhi zigcine izinhlangano zazo zinesibopho sokwazisa. Izakhiwo zokhetho zihlela ukuhlelwa kokwakha amandla, nokuqonda kwazo kuyisicishini lokuqala esakhelo esineyo nesambukubusayo.