Table of Contents
Isingeniso: Indlela Izinhlangano Zomphakathi Ezishintsha Ngayo Izinselele Zibe Imiphumela Elinganiswayo
Izwe nohulumeni bendawo basebenza phambili emsebenzini womphakathi, benomthwalo wemfanelo wanoma yini kusukela emanzini ahlanzekile okuphuza kuya emigwaqweni ephephile. Nakuba umthetho kahulumeni unikeza isiqondiso esibanzi, yimikhandlu yamadolobha, amabhodi esifundazwe, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezenza izinqumo zansuku zonke ezimisa imiphakathi. Uma inhlekelele noma inkinga engapheli idinga ukunakekela, lezinhlangano kumelwe ziqoqe izimali, zihlangane eminyangweni, futhi zigcine ukwethenjwa umphakathi. Izigxobo ziphakeme, futhi amaphethelo ephasebeni enziwa yiphutha.
Ukuqonda ukuthi izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zembula ngempela kudinga ukubheka ukukhishwa nokusetshenziswa kwemininingwane esebenzayo. Ukuhlola okwenzekayo kuhlola izimo eziyisithupha ezingokoqobo zezwe lapho uhulumeni nohulumeni bendawo beklama futhi bekhipha khona amakhambi ezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo ngasinye sembula izindlela ezivamile: ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa kokuqondisa izinqumo, ukubaluleka kokubambisana, nesidingo sokutshala i-screenters. Lezizindaba ziqokomisa futhi lapho amathuluzi ekhethekile i-— njengamathuluzi okunezelwe, izisekelo, amapulatifomu enkonzo e-mitamplayeni yezensi — kusiza ohulumeni ukuba bafeze izinjongo zabo ngokuphumelela ngokwengeziwe.
Abaholi bomphakathi abafuna isisekelo sobuchwepheshe esithembekile sokulawula okuqukethwe, ukuthuthwa komsebenzi, nezinkonzo zomphakathi ezikhona ziye zaphendukela kakhulu kumapulatifomu ahlelwe kahle. Drictus[, ngokwesibonelo, inikeza uxhaxha lwemininingwane ethambile evumela amaqembu kahulumeni ukuba akhe amatheku alondekile, imvume yezokuzenzela, futhi anyathelise ukwaziswa ngaphandle kwentuthuko yesiko. Izenzakalo ezilandelayo zibonisa ukuthi ububanzi be-mongongoba amathuluzi anjalo aba usizo.
Ukutadisha Indaba 1: Inkinga Yamanzi Ewumpunga — Ukusabela Okuphuthumayo Nokungahlakaniphi
Inkinga yamanzi eFlint ilokhu ingenye yezimo eziphuthuma kakhulu ezingokomlando wanamuhla waseMelika. Ngo-April 2014, idolobha laseFlint, eMichigan, lashintsha amanzi alo esuka eMfuleni iDetroit aya eFlint lapho ulawulwa uhulumeni ngesimo esiphuthumayo. Amanzi omfula awazange elashwe kahle, okuholela ekuholeleni ekuphuzweni kwamapayipi agugile. Umphumela waba ukuvuselelwa komthofu, ikakhulukazi kubantwana, okunemiphumela engokwentuthuko yokuphila kanye nempilo.
Ukusabela Kokuqala Nokumemezela Kwesimo Esiphuthumayo
Izikhulu zendawo zathutha ngokushesha nje lapho izinga lokungcola liqala ukungenakuphikwa. Ngo-December 2015, u-Flint ’ umphathi-mameya wamemezela isimo esiphuthumayo, futhi umnyango wezempilo we-Genesee County wakhipha izixwayiso. Idolobha, lisebenzisana noMnyango wezempilo neMichigan Houses kunye neFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), laqala ukusakaza amanzi afakwe ebhodlela, izisefolidi, nokuhlola amathuluzi ezakhamuzi. [[FLT: 0][FLT] I-ENTERONS, i-APM, i-ARD [[FLT] ukuhileleka ekuhloleni kokuhlola okuzimele] kwabekiwe futhi kwalandela isiqondiso somphakathi esingaguquki.
Umzamo wokusakaza wawumkhulu: amabhokisi angaphezu kuka-100 000 amanzi asemabhodleleni ahanjiswa ngenyanga yokuqala kuphela. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela, amalungu esizwe, nezisebenzi zikamasipala zasebenza ezikhungweni zokusakaza. Idolobha futhi lafaka i-app nesikhungo sokushayela ukuze kusizwe izakhamuzi zicele amanzi okuthunyelwa uma zingakwazi ukuhamba ukuze ziwathathe. Le ngxenye yamanani ixhomeke ekhelini lokuhlola i-mesethi, ukuthunyelwa, nokulandela imiphumela engaphezulu ye-'i-— isimiso esingase sithunyelwe nguhulumeni othile ongase sithathwe noma yimuphi uhulumeni owenzile.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemali Ehlala Isikhathi Eside
Ukukhululeka okufushane kwesikhashana kwasingatha izidingo ezisheshayo, kodwa inkinga eyisisekelo yadinga ukuthatha indawo yezinkulungwane zemigqa yenkonzo yomthofu. Idolobha nezwe kwabekwa esimisweni esiphelele sokubuyisela. Ngo-2023, amapayipi omthofu angaphezu kuka-10 000 asembiwe futhi athathelwa indawo ngemigqa yethusi. Lo msebenzi wabiza ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R3,400, waxhaswe ngenhlanganisela yeminyango kahulumeni, iminikelo kahulumeni, nesakhiwo esingokomthetho. Lenqubo yayinzima: ukuvusenelisa imfuneko yokuvumbulula, ukuhlola amanzi ngaphambi nangemva kwalokho, nokulungisa inhlabathi.
Ukubona ngaphaya kwendawo kwaba yindawo eyinhloko. Leli dolobha lakha ibhodi eliveza umphakathi elibonisa inani lamapayipi lithathelwe indawo inyanga ngayinye, izindawo eziqediwe, nemiphumela yamanje yokuhlola izinga lamanzi. Lebhodi, efakwe endaweni yenqolobane ehleliwe, yathatha indawo yokudideka eyayiphawuleke ezinyangeni zokuqala zenhlekelele. Izakhamuzi zazibona ukuthi indawo yazo ikuphi ngempela ekuthatheleni indawo nemiphumela ezimele yezesayensi.
Izifundo Kwabanye Ohulumeni
Indaba yeFlint igcizelela isidingo sokwelashwa kokudleka okufanele kanye nengozi yokubeka izindleko ngaphambi kokuba zigcinwe empilweni yomphakathi. Kubonisa futhi ukuthi ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe balondoloze ikhono labo lobuchwepheshe ukuze baqaphele izinga lamanzi, kunokuba bathembele kuphela kubaluleki bangaphandle. Ekugcineni, ibonisa ukuthi icebo lokuxhumana elihlangeneyo le-Gradish; elisebenzisa isimiso sokuhlanganisa ukusakaza ukushintshwa, ukulawula izicelo, nentuthuko yendlela yendlela — lingabuyisela ukuqiniseka komphakathi ngemva kokuba seliqedisiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwesesi 2: I-Attacksquo ye-New York City; i-Monow Zero Initive — Iday-Driven Providence trapting
Ngo - 2013, abantu abangaphezu kuka - 290 babulawa izimoto edolobheni lonke. UMaya uBill de Blasio Sist Vision Zero ngo - 2014 enomgomo ocacile: ukuqeda ukufa kwezimoto nokulimala okukhulu ngo - 2024. Isinyathelo saveza ukushintsha kwefilosofi, sabheka ukuphahlazeka kwezimoto njengezenzakalo ezingagwemeki kunezingozi ezingagwemeki.
Ubunjiniyela, Imfundo, Nokuphoqelelwa
Isimiso sasisekelwe ezinsikeni ezintathu. Eyokuqala kwakungubunjiniyela: i-New York City Department of Troffation (NYC DOT) efakelwe iziphambano ezishayeleleyo namaphasishi abonisa amazinga aphakeme engozi. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukufaka amabhungane esivinini, ukuphambanisa amabhayisekili, ukwenezela imizila yamabhayisekili evikelwe yimingcele engokomzimba, kanye nokwandisa iziqhingi zabahamba ngezinyawo. Ngo-2023, idolobha lase liqale ukwelapha ubunjiniyela obuphakeme kakhulu.
Isezinsika sesibili kwakuyimfundo. Idolobha lasungula imikhankaso yokuqapha umphakathi efuna ukugijima, ukushayela nokubona kwabantu. Lemikhankaso yayisebenzisa izikhangiso zezokukhangisa, izinhlelo zezembulo nezokuxhumana ezisekelwe esikoleni.
Insika yesithathu yayiwumthetho wokugcinwa kwemithetho. UMnyango wamaphoyisa waseNew York (NYPD) waqinisa ukugcinwa kwesilinganiso sesivinini nemithetho evimbela ukuhluleka ukuthatha ijubane. Kwafakwa amakhamera esivinini ezifundeni zesikole, idolobha landisa uhlelo njengoba umthetho kahulumeni uvuma. Phakathi kuka-2014 no-2023, inani lamakhamera esivinini lakhula kusukela ku- 140 kuya ku-750. Isimiso sokusebenza kwamandla emishini sabangela izimemezelo ezihlelwa ngemishini yokuqondisa izindaba zezezinombolo.
Imiphumela Nezinguquko
Imiphumela iye yaba ngengenakulinganiswa kodwa okungalingani. Inani labafayo base-Pedetria lancipha ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-40 kusukela ku-ingingqi ka-2013, futhi ukufa kwezimoto kwehla eminyakeni eminingi. Nokho, umqedazwe weCOVID-19 waletha izinselele ezintsha: izimoto ezimbalwa emgwaqweni ezaholela ezisivinini esiphezulu, futhi izingozi zabagibeli bamabhayisekili nabagibeli bemoto zanda. Idolobha lasabela ngokusheshisa ukufakwa kwemigwaqo evikelweyo nesilinganiso esinciphileni sokukhetha imigwaqo efinyelela kuma-mph angu-20.
Umbono we Zero ’ impumelelo ixhomeke eqoqweni eliqhubekayo nasekuhlaziyweni kwemininingwane yengozi. I-NYC DOT ilondoloza i-metabase yemininingwane ebanzi eqopha indawo, isikhathi, uhlobo lwemoto, kanye nezici ezinengxenye. Lo kwaziswa kutholakala obala nge-tekthebar evulekile, ivumela abacwaningi nabasekeli ukuba bagcine uhulumeni abanobuphi becala. Amanye amadolobha afuna ukulingisa le sibonelo, isisekelo sokulawula ulwazi — isimiso esinokwethenjelwa sokuqoqa, ukugcina, nokunyathelisa ulwazi oluhlelwe kahle i-— sibaluleke njenganoma yisiphi isigqeshana sokukhanya somgwaqo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwendaba 3: Oregon’ Izwe Elisebenzisa Ukuhlela — Ifama Eliyindawo Ehleliwe Ne - Srawl Equkethe
Oregon ’ izinqubo zokuhlela ukusetshenziswa kwendawo zivame ukuthathwa njengesibonelo sesizwe. Izwe i-’ i-Land Use Planning Act ka- 1973 (i-Senete 100) yamisa uhlelo olulinganisela ukukhula nolondolozo. Umthetho wasungula iLand Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC) futhi wafuna ukuba wonke amadolobha nesifundazwe athole icebo elibanzi elihambisana nezinhloso zokuhlela uhulumeni wonke.
Ukwanda Kwemishini Yasemadolobheni
Isici esidume kakhulu se-Oregon’ i-ss system i-gade ekhulayo yasemadolobheni. Indawo ngayinye yedolobha idweba umugqa engxenyeni yalo esedolobheni, futhi intuthuko ngaphakathi kulowomugqa iminyene futhi ihlangene. Ngaphandle komugqa, indawo igcinelwe ukulima, ukulima, ukuhlalisa amahlathi, noma izindawo ezingokwemvelo. I-Portland vix UGB, ilawulwa yi-Metro, iyisibonelo esivelele kakhulu. Kusukela ekudalweni kwayo, i-UGB iye yavimbela uhlobo lwentuthuko yemidansobo ne-ogrogrog ephawula ezinye izindawo eziningi ezikhula ngokushesha.
Njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha, i-Metro ihlola i-UGB ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi kunendawo eyanele yokuhlalisa inani labantu abazoyilwa nokukhuliswa kwemisebenzi. Lokhu kubukeza kuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa okukhulu kokwaziswa: indawo iqala, amabala, izithuba, izilinganiso zokusebenza, nokunikeza izinqubo zemisebenzi, nokunikeza izimpahla. Inqubo isobala futhi ibonakale, nezikhathi zokuzwa nezimpendulo ezivumela izakhamuzi, abathuthukisi nendawo ukuba zikwazi ukulinganisela. Ulwazi olungemva kwalezi zinqumo i — amabalazwe, izilinganiso zokwanda, kanye nezinguquko ze — kumelwe zihlelwe futhi zifinyezwe. Iminyango yokuhlela yendawo incike kuxhomeke ezimisweni zokwaziswa [[FLT:] [IS]] [FLT]] kanye nezingamele ukuhlanganisa okuqukethwe izinhlelo zokuphatha [FLC:1]
Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nesivikelo Sendawo Ezungezile
I-Oregon &ssquo; isimiso sokuhlela sikhuthaza ukuhileleka komphakathi emhlabathini phezulu. I-oregon stage ngayinye kumelwe ibeke amacala obala ngaphambi kokwamukela noma ukuguqula icebo layo elibanzi. Amakomiti omphakathi afundisa ngemisebenzi ebanzi avamile, futhi i-LCDC inikeza izimali zokusekela ukuhlelwa komsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa akuyona nje inqubo ephezulu yokuzivivinya kodwa inqubo ebambisanayo.
Isivikelo sendawo ezungezile iwumgomo oyinhloko. Inhloso yokuhlelwa kwezwe lonke ihlanganisa ukulondoloza indawo yezolimo nemithombo yemvelo. Kusukela ngo 1973, umbuso uye wavikela amahektare angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - 17 emapulazini nasehlathini ekuthuthukeni. Izindawo ezikhucululwayo, nezindawo zezilwane zasendle zivikelwe ngokufanayo. Lezi zikhungo zinenani elingokwezomnotho nempucuko: i-Oregon ’ indawo yezolimo, kuhlanganise newayini, amakhekheba, namajiki, kuxhomeke ekutholakaleni kwemali entengo, engekho emadolobheni asedolobheni.
Izinselele Nokugxeka
Lesimiso sineziphakamiso. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi i-UGB inqanda ukutholakala kwezindlu ezingezona ezemvelo, iqhubela phambili amanani emakhaya ePortland nakwamanye amadolobha. Abanye bathi inqubo yokuhlela ayisheshi futhi ilawula, okwenza kube nzima ukusabela ngokushesha ezidingweni zokuhlalisa. Izwe liye lazama izinguquko: ngo-2023, i-conscreation i-gatestlement ivumela izinhlobo eziningi zezindlu eziseqenjini elilodwa lemikhaya ne-goverline ukuba zivumele amaqoqo okuhlala.
Ngisho nalokhu kugxeka, i-Oregon ’ indawo esebenzisa uhlelo lwezwe ibonisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwesilinganiso sombuso, okusetshenziswa endaweni ngokufakwa kokwaziswa okunamandla nokuhlanganyela komphakathi, kungahlela izindlela zokuthuthukisa amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Isici esiyinhloko sesisekelo siwukwazi ukulawula ukwaziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, okunamabalazwe agxiviziwe, amabalazwe endawo, imininingwane yenani labantu, nokukhulumela komphakathi i- — esimisweni sokulinganisa kwezimiso zezimiso zezimiso bonke abafaka isisekelo abangazithola.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezimo 4: ICalifornia I - swild Rerechance — Ukusuka Emlilweni Wasekamu Kuya Ekuvuselelweni Komphakathi
Imlilo ezivuthayo bezilokhu ziyingxenye ye-California ’ isayensi yezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile, kodwa izinga nokubhubhisa komlilo wamuva kuye kwahlola isimo kanye namakhono okusabela kwendawo njengakuqala. I-Kampa Fire ngoNovember 2018 yabhubhisa idolobha lasePharadesi futhi yabulala abantu abangu-85, yenza ukuba kube yimpi yequbalalo enkulu kakhulu nebhubhisa kakhulu emlandweni. Umzamo wokuvuselela owalandela waba isilinganisi sendlela ohulumeni abangasabela ngayo ezinhlekeleleni ezivutha umlilo.
Ukusabela Okuphuthumayo Nokukhishwa
Lapho i-Camp Fire iqhuma eButte County, abaphathi bendawo besimo esiphuthumayo bafaka imithetho yokuthutha phakathi namahora. Isifundazwe sasebenzisa isimiso saso sokuqapha esiphuthumayo, esasihlanganisa imiyalezo yokuthumela imiyalezo, izingcingo, nezaziso zezezenhlalo. Ijubane lokuthutha lasindisa izinkulungwane zabantu, kodwa isiphithiphithi kanye nezimo zezimoto zaqokomisa izikhawu ekuhleleni. Ngokulandelayo ukubukezeni kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokuthutha ezihambayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimiso ezingu-911 ezibuya emuva.
I-Fordern ’ i-Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) ihlangene ne-FEMA ukuze ivule izindawo zokukhosela, inikeze ukudla, futhi isebenzise imithombo yezokwelapha. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-50 000 bathuthwa. Umbuso futhi wamisa itheku losizo lwenhlekelele lapho izakhamuzi zingafaka khona isicelo sosizo, zilandelela izimfuno zazo, futhi zifake isiqinisekiso sokubhala. Leli theku, lakhiwe ekwakheni izakhiwo eziphethe izihloko zezindawo ezizimele [, livunyelwe ukuthatha izicelo zezicelo ezivela kuma-astrysss ngaphandle kokungena kokwaziswa.
Usizo Lwezindlu Nokululama Isikhathi Eside
Izindlu ezazidingeka ngemva kwe-Camp Fire zazinkulu. Izakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-18,000 zabhujiswa, futhi i-Paradise ’ izindlu zacishe zaqothulwa. Izwe, ngokubambisana ne-FEMA, lanikeza izindlu zesikhashana emapaki asekhaya ahambayo nasemagumbini okuhlala aqashiwe. Kodwa ikhambi elihlala njalo lalihilela ukwakha kabusha amakhaya aphakade ngokwakhiwa komlilo.
IBuste County yamisa isikhungo sokwakha kabusha esivumela ukuvuleka nokuhlola. Lesi sifunda samukela futhi izimiso zokwakha ezithuthukisiwe ezidinga uphahla lomlilo, iziphakamiso, ne-paneo, kanye ne-paneo. Ngo-2023, amakhaya angaphezu kuka-3000 ayeseyakhiwe kabusha ePharadesi kuphela, futhi amaningi ayesakhiwa. Inqubo yokwakha yalawulwa ngezimiso zemvume yemishini efuna izicelo, ukubukeza, ukuhlola, nezitifiketi zokuhlala emsebenzini owodwa. Lokhu kwasusa ibhodlela elisekelwe ephepheni eliye lanciphisa imizamo yokululama esikhathini esidlule.
Ukusekela Umphakathi
Ukululama isikhathi eside kudlulela ngalé kokwakhiwa kabusha kwezakhiwo. ICalifornia ifake imali ezimisweni zokulawula izitshalo, ezigunyazwe ukushiswa, futhi umphakathi unciphe. Izwe ladala i-Wild Fire Resilience Task Force ukuze ixhumanise izinhlangano, futhi lanikeza imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R22 zemali esetshenziswayo ekuvimbeleni iqumbhu nempilo yamahlathi. Iminyango yomlilo manje iqhuba ekhaya ukuhlola okuqinile futhi inikeze abanini bekhaya izipho zokuthola ama-retrofitting. [[FLT:] [FLT] Umlilo [12:2] [FLT]] [12:]] ilondoloza ukuvikelwa kwebhodi yemililo yemvelo, ukugcinwa komlilo owenziwa umphakathi, okunemililo, nokukhishwayo, konke okunikezwa yize kwangempela le mithetho ezindaweni eziningi. [[FLT]
Isifundo kwezinye izifundazwe ukuthi ukululama kumelwe kuqale ngaphambi kokuba umlilo uqale. Ukuhlela ngangaphambi kokuqala, kuhlanganise nezimiso zobuchwepheshe zokuvumela ukuqhubekeka kwemoto, ukuphatha amabhokisi, nokuxhumana komphakathi, kusheshisa ukululama futhi kunciphise umthwalo kwabasindayo.
Ukuhlolwa kweSiphakamiso 5: IMassachusetts Connector Health — Inguquko Yomshuwalense Esebenzayo KaHulumeni
I-Massachusetts Health Connector yamiswa ngo-2006 njengengxenye yomthetho wezwe wenguquko yezempilo ebanzi, owasebenza njengesibonelo se-Affordble Care Act (ACA). Lapho i-ACA yakha uhlelo lwezici zemali zomshuwalense wezempilo, iMassachusetts kakade yayinesimiso sokusebenza. Kodwa ukuguqukela ekuthobeleni i-ACA kwakungesona isithuthi, futhi izifundo ezifundweyo ziye zenza i-Connector yaqina.
Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe Nendlela Eya Ekuthuthukeni
Ngo-2013, i-Health Connector yazama ukwakha isimiso esisha sokukwazi ukukhomba nokubhala ukuze kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko ze-ACA. Isimiso sehluleka ukumisa, sivimbela izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi ukuba zingabhalisi. Umbuso kwadingeka ukuba ubuyele emuva ezisebenzisini zezinhlelo zezincwadi futhi ubize i-patting profection. Kwakuwukwehluleka okukhulu okwaqeda ukuqiniseka komphakathi. Phakathi neminyaka emibili eyalandela, umbuso wakha kabusha isimiso kusuka emhlabathini phezulu, usebenzisa indlela yokusondela eqinile enohlelo lwe-tekthi yemininingwane eqinile nengxenye ehleliwe. Ngenkathi yokuhlanganisa ngo-2015, isimiso senzeka ngokuphelele.
Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zahlelwa kabusha ukuze kusetshenziswe isikhungo sokwaziswa esihlangene nezinkonzo ze-data zikahulumeni zokwanelisa inzuzo, ukuhlola izakhamuzi, kanye nezinqumo zomqashi. Lesikhungo savumela uhulumeni ukuba ulungise izinhlelo ngesikhathi sangempela futhi unciphise amaphutha. Okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi ophambili kwalula, nge-acter-mdiceneom kanye nezincazelo ezicacile zezindlela zokuhlela kanye nemali.
Ukuphumelela Ekubhaliseni
I-Connector ikhipha izinhlelo zokufinyelela abantu abangaphazanyiswanga ezihlasela izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, imitapo, nezinhlangano ezisekelwe ekukholweni. Abaqondisi banikeza usizo olulodwa oluzimele ngezilimi eziningi. Umbuso unikeza uhlelo oluphansi olubizwa ngokuthi i-Connector Care, olunikeza izakhamuzi ezinemali ephansi ethola imali engaphansi kwengu-300% yezezentengo zikahulumeni. Lemali, ihlangene nezikweleti zentela ezisemthethweni, yenza ukuba zikhokhwe ezinswe imikhaya eminingi engenisa imali ephansi.
Izinombolo zokubhalisa ziye zaqina. Phakathi nenkathi ka-2023 yokubhalisa obala, abantu abangaphezu kuka-330 000 bakhethwa nge-Connector. Imali elinganiselwa ku-R3 000 ngenyanga ngemva kwemali ekhokhelwa amalungu e-Connector Care. Lombuso wandisa nenkathi yokubhalisa phakathi nesimo esiphuthumayo sempilo yomphakathi se-COVID-19, ivumela izakhamuzi ezingangeni mvume ukuba zisayine noma nini.
Isibonelo Samanye Amazwe
I-Massachusetts Health Connector ivame ukucashunwa njengesibonelo samanye amazwe acabangela ukushintshana kwawo. Amandla ayo ahlanganisa ukusekela okukhulu kwemithetho, umthombo onikezelwe wezimali, kanye nesimiso sokubusa esihlanganisa abameleli abavela emaqenjini abathengi, izinshuwalense, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kobuchwepheshe kwabonisa ukuthi amaprojekthi angaphumelela uma esebenzisa intuthuko ecacile, izimfuneko ezicacile, kanye nohlaka oluthambile lokwaziswa okungavumelana nemithetho eshintshayo.
Ukutadisha I - Case 6: I - &’ Izindlela Zokwakha Ezingalawuleki — Ukulwa Nokushendeza Ngezinhlelo Ezihloselwe
IChicago, njengamadolobha amaningi amakhulu, ibhekene nenkinga yezindlu ebangelwa ukunyuka kwentela, iholo elimiswayo, nokulahleka kwezindawo ezisezingeni eliphansi. Idolobha liye lasabela ngezinhlelo ezihloselwe ukulondoloza izindlu ezithengwayo ezikhona nokwakha izakhiwo ezintsha. Indlela yokuhlanganisa imithetho, i-consity, kanye nezithombe zomphakathi.
Ukuzingela Kwezici Zokuhlobisa Nokudla Okungantengantengi
I-Chicago ’ i-Afford Ibika iziNjongo ezi-Ordinance (ARO) inikeza imvume yokuthi intuthuko yokuhlala ethola izimali zedolobha noma izinguquko zezindawo kumelwe ihlanganise izilinganiso ezingabizi kakhulu. Kuye ngokwezinga elingaphansi kwe-isidy, amaphesenti ayishumi kuya ku-30 emishini kumelwe amiselwe imiphakathi ephansi nehholo elilinganiselwe. Lo mthetho futhi uvumela abathuthukisi ukuba bakhokhe imali ekwakheni isakhiwo, naleyomali eqondiswe eMnyango we-Affordifice Indality.
I-ARO yavuselelwa ngo-2021 ukuze iqinise izimfuneko ze-isidi ezishibhile futhi yandise amaphesenti ezindawo ezikhokhwa kakhulu. Idolobha lisebenzisa i-mtholalwazi elandela izinhlelo ezivumelanisayo, kuhlanganise nezindawo zokukha iprojekthi, amanani eyunithi, izilinganiso zemali, kanye namazinga emali abaqashi. Le mininingwane inikeza ukukhanya okudingekayo ukuze abakhi bahlangabezane nezibopho zabo.
Usizo Lwamazinyo Nesimiso Sokuvimbela Ukungabi Namakhaya
I-Chicago Rental Application Program inikeza izikhombisi nezimali ezimfutshane emikhayeni ehlawulwayo ephansi. Lolu hlelo luhlela imikhaya nezingane, asebekhulile, nabantu abaphumayo bengenamakhaya. Ngo-2022, idolobha lasakaza abakhokhi abangaphezu kuka 10 000 besebenzisa izimali eziphuthumayo zosizo oluqashwa nguhulumeni kazwelonke. Inqubo yokusebenza yalawulwa nge-panethi ye-panethili eqinisekisa ukuba nengqondo, izicelo ezihambisana nezikhombiso ezikhona, futhi ixhumanisa ne-pasethi ye-pasethi ye-mfont.
I-’ ivimbela ukungabi namakhaya, esetshenziswa uMnyango Wezezimali Zomkhaya neSsekusekela, isebenzisa indawo ehlangene yokugada izimpahla. Abanikazi bedolobha lonke bahlanganyela ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokutholakala kwezindawo zokukhosela, ukuhanjiswa kwezindlu, nezidingo zamakhasimende, ukuvimbela ukukopishwa nokuqinisekiswa kokuba izakhamuzi ezisengozini kakhulu zithole imithombo elinganiselwe.
Ukuthembana Kwezwe Lomphakathi Nokuhlala Isikhathi Eside
IChicago futhi iphakamise ukukhokha kwemali egciniwe yomphakathi njengendlela yokukhokha imali ehlala njalo. I-CLT iyizinhlangano ezingazuzi nzuzo ezizuza indawo futhi ziyiqashele abanikazi bayo, zihlukanisa izindleko zomhlaba nezindleko zendlu. Lokhu kugcina amanani asekhaya efinyelelekayo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imali igcinwe ngabathengi besikhathi esizayo. Idolobha liye lanikeza futhi lasekela izwe elizinze kulo iCLTs, kuhlanganise ne [FLT] Imisebenzi yokuhlela nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-PROGP [FLT][5][5][5][5] &mmash]; imishini yomshayeli ezindaweni zaseNingizimu naseNtshonalanga.
Imiphumela iye yaba nenzuzo. Ngo-2023, amaCLT eChicago asethole amaphayinti angaphezu kuka-500 ezindlu ezithengwa ngokungenamkhawulo. Lo mfanekiso ubuye ufanekiswe kwamanye amadolobha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibhekene nokukhuliswa ngokushesha. Ohulumeni bendawo, i-CLTs idinga isimiso esinokwethenjelwa sokulawula amarekhodi ezihloko zendawo, izivumelwano ezikhokhelwe, kanye nomninikhaya ozuzayo ekwazini u-— konke okuzuza ekusebenziseni ulwazi oluhlelwe kahle.
Izimpawu Eziqhathaniswayo: Izindlela Ezingaphazanyiswa Uhulumeni Ophumelelayo
Uma ubheka kule zifundo eziyisithupha zokuhlolwa, kuvela izici eziningana zempumelelo. Okokuqala, data-driveni yokwenza izinqumo akunakwenzeka. Uma behlola izindawo zokuphahlazeka eNew York, behlola umngcele wokwanda kwamadolobha ePortland, noma beqala ukubuyisela amapayipi amanzi eFlint, ohulumeni abaphumelela ukuthembela ekunembeni, kuleyo nkathi, nakukwaziswa okufinyelelekayo. Bafaka ezimisweni ezidingekayo ukuze baqoqe, bavikeleke, futhi banyathelise leyo mininingwane.
Okwesibili, ukubambisana kungumdlandla wempi. Akukho mnyango owodwa owaxazulula inkinga ye-Flint noma ukululama kwe-Kampa. Impumelelo yadinga ukubambisana kwezempilo, kokuthutha, kokusebenza, kwezindawo ezizungezile, kwezindlu, nezinhlangano zokulawula isimo esiphuthumayo. Amaqonga emishini ahlukene adiliza kakhulu ukwenza le nqubo ye-silos isebenze kahle.
Okwesithathu, ukubona obala kwakha ukwethembana [. Esimweni ngasinye, ohulumeni abaphumelela kakhulu abanyathelisa amabhodi amaza, amabhodi okwaziswa, nemibiko yentuthuko izakhamuzi ezingayihlola. Ukubona gcaba akugcini ngokuba izinhlangano zinecala kodwa futhi kunika abasekeli bomphakathi nabacwaningi amandla okunikela kulekhambi.
Okwesine, [ izakhiwo zesisekelo ezingokohlelo kanye nesimiso . Isimiso esizinzile kakhulu sihluleka uma izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuphatha amacala, zivumela, ukuqiniseka, nokuxhumana komphakathi kungenamandla. Ohulumeni abafaka isisekelo esivumelanayo, esingenakhanda kanye namaqoqo okwaziswa bakwazi ukujwayela ukuguqula izimo nokulinganisa imizamo yabo ngokushesha.
Ukutuswa Okuwusizo Kombuso Nabaholi Bendawo
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zindlela, abaholi bomphakathi abaphethe amakhomu kufanele bacabangele izenzo ezilandelayo ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo alungisa inkinga:
- hlela isisekelo sesisekelo sokwaziswa. Yazi ukuthi kuphi lapho kuhlala khona ukwaziswa okubucayi, okukulondolozayo, nendlela okugeleza ngayo phakathi kweminyango. Bheka amaphayinti abhalwe ngesandla nezinqubo ezisekelwe ephepheni ezenza iminwe yamabhodlela.
- Ingene ezindaweni zomtapo ezihlukanisa okuqukethwe kunikezelwe. I-CMS engenakhanda noma ungqimba lokwaziswa oluhlelwe kahle lukuvumela ukuba unyathelise ukwaziswa kumawebhusayithi, ama-apps ahamba-mdlalwayo, amabhodi, nokushaya ucingo ezikhungweni ezisuka emthonjeni owodwa weqiniso, ngaphandle kokuphinda okuqukethwe.
- Akha izithiyo ezingokomthetho ezivimbela ukuhlangana kwemininingwane exhunyiwe. ngokuvamile zivimbela ukuhlangana kokwaziswa ngisho noma ubuchwepheshe bukuvumela. Misa amapulani okubusa avumela ukungena okufanele lapho uvikela amathuba ezindaba zomuntu siqu.
- ishicilele amabhodi entuthuko ngokuqhubekayo. Ungalindi amarekhodi omphakathi. Yenza ukuba amarekhodi omsebenzi atholakale ngokwephutha. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo kubaphathi be-FOIA futhi kwakha ukwethembana emphakathini.
- Icebo lokwehluleka nokusebenza. IMassachusetts Health Connence ’ ukwehluleka kokuqala kwakungesona isiphetho sendaba. Yakha okuncane, ukuhlolwa ngabasebenzisi bangempela, futhi ukulungele ukwakha kabusha uma kudingeka. Sebenzisa amathuluzi avumelanayo enza ukuba ukwazi ukujikeleza ngaphandle kokubhala futhi sonke isimiso.
Isiphetho: Ikusasa Lombuso Nenkinga Yendawo Exazulula
Ukuhlolwa kwezendaba okuhlolwe lapha kuhlanganisa impilo yomphakathi, ezokuthutha, ezokuthutha, ezokusebenza kwezwe, inhlekelele, ukuvuselelwa kwempilo, kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Umkhakha ngamunye unendlela yawo yobuchwepheshe nempucuko yobuchwepheshe, kodwa amandla ayisisekelo empumelelo yenqubo kahulumeni ahlala eqinile. Abaholi abafaka izimali ezimisweni zokwaziswa ezithembekile, bakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinhlangano nemiphakathi, futhi balondoloze umbono wesikhathi eside yilabo abaguqula izinhlekelele zibe amathuba nezinkinga zibe intuthuko engenakulungiseka.
Uhulumeni nezwe bayohlale bebhekene nezinselele ezintsha, kusukela ekushintsheni isimo sezulu nasekungalondekini kwezezimo zezulu kuya ekutholeni indawo yokuhlala kanye nasekutholeni impilo yomphakathi. Ubufakazi obuvela kuFlint, New York, Oregon, California, Massachusetts, naseChicago bubonisa ukuthi ngokulungisa kahle, lezi zinselele azinakunqotshwa. Futhi amakhambi akhiwa namuhla ayokwenza isizukulwane esilandelayo sabaxazululi bezinkinga zomphakathi sibe ngcono kakhulu kunesokugcina.