Ukuqonda Umsebenzi Wokuqamba Amanga

Inqubo yomthetho ilawula izingxabano phakathi kwamaqembu abantu ngabanye, kusukela kubantu ngabanye nasemabhizinisini amancane kuya ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba wonke kanye nasemabuthweni kahulumeni. Ngokungafani nomthetho wobugebengu, ohlanganisa uhulumeni omangalela abantu ngokwephula imithetho yomphakathi, umthetho womphakathi unikeza imvume ehleliwe yokuxazulula izingxabano ezingezona ezobugebengu. Lezingxabano zingavela ezivumelwaneni eziphukileyo, ukulimala komuntu siqu, ukuxabana kwempahla, ukungavumelani emsebenzini, noma ukwephula amalungelo omthetho. Iqembu eliletha icala, elaziwa ngokuthi ummangalelwa, lifuna ikhambi leqembu eliphikisayo, elivame ukuthatha imvume yokukhokhwaba imali noma ukukhokhwa kwenkantolo okudinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esithile.

Indinganiso yobufakazi ekuqhutsheni komphakathi iwubufakazi obuqanjiwe, okusho umlandu we-paltiff kumelwe aqinisekise umahluleli noma ijaji ukuthi ukulandisa kwabo amaqiniso kuyiqiniso kakhulu kunangenjalo. Lolu lunqenqe oluphansi kunendinganiso ebanzi esetshenziswayo ekuhlolweni kobugebengu. Nakuba umjikelezo wokuphila kwecala lomphakathi uqhubekela phambili ngochungechunge olulindelekile lwezigaba / / ukuhola, ukutholwa, ukuqulwa, kanye nezenzakalo zangemva kokuqulwa kwecala zixazululiwe ngaphambi kokuba zifike enkantolo. Ukuqonda inyathelo ngalinye kuloluhlakazelelwa ezihlabeni zomthetho nezisebenzi ezisebenza ngomgwaqo ezinikeza izikhalo zomgwaqo ezingokomthetho ezihambisana nezikhalo zokuqala, ezigcinwayo.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Ukucwaninga Kwangaphambili Nokuhlaziya Okungasolwa

Phambi kokuba i-partiff ifake iface incwadi eyodwa enkantolo, kudingeka umsebenzi obalulekile wokulungisa. Isigaba sangaphambi kokufihlwa sihlanganisa uphenyo oluphelele nokuhlaziya okungokomthetho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi icala liyaphumelela, futhi amaqembu afanele akhona akhona, futhi inkantolo elungile inegunya lokulalela icala. Ukumangalela ngaphandle kwelungelo kungadalula ummangali nommeli wayo ukuba bavume imithetho ye-procedtura eklanyelwe ukunqanda ukuphaza ukuphamba ukuphamba impikiswano.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamacala Nokusetshenziswa Ngokomthetho

Ummeli kumelwe ahlole amaqiniso ngokumelene nezici ezingokomthetho ezisebenzayo zephuzu elihlongozwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ecaleni lokunganaki, ummangaleli kumelwe abe nesisekelo esihle sokholo sokufakazela umsebenzi, ukugqekeza, ukugqekeza, nokulimaza. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlanganisa ukuxoxa nofakazi, ukuthola izincwadi ezihlobene, nokuthola amacala. Ummeli kumelwe futhi acabangele umthetho wokulinganisela, ophoqelela isikhathi esiqinile sokuhlela isenzo.

Ukukhetha Inkantolo Efanele: Ukulahlwa Kwecala Nokweqisa

Icala liyigunya elingokomthetho lenkantolo ukuzwa nokunquma icala. Linezakhi ezimbili ezibucayi. Isikhundla sendaba sibhekisele egunyeni lenkantolo lohlobo lwecala. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkantolo zezwe zinegunya emacaleni awe-gunjini (igunya lempikiswano) noma izingxabano phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezihlukene ezidlula isilinganiso esithile semali (igunya lombuso). Inkantolo ngokuvamile isingatha amacala ahilela umthetho. umbuso wobuswano uphathelene nenkantolo ezindaweni ezihlukene. Inkantolo kumelwe ibe nokuhlobana nokuhlangana kommangalelwa, ngenxa yesimo esivamile, noma ibhizinisi, noma inze imingcele yayo eyingozi. [FT.FFF:] [FT]

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukusungula Umthetho Ngokuwuhola

Uma izithiyo zemithetho sezisusiwe, inqubo engokomthetho iqala ngokuqulwa kwesikhalo. Lencwadi, kanye nempendulo yommangalelwa, ihlanganisa umnyombo wesigaba sokuncenga. Ukunxusa kusebenza ukuhlanganisa izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho neziyiqiniso.

Ukuphoqa Nokuphoxa Isikhalo

Ukukhononda kuyincwadi eyisisekelo lapho umkhangisi eveza khona iziphakamiso zabo. Kumelwe iqukethe amazwi acacile nafingqiwe ezizathu zegunya lenkantolo, amazwi amafushane nacacile abonisa ukuthi ummangalelwa unelungelo lokukhululeka, nesidingo sokwahlulela okufunwayo. Ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zomceli wanamuhla, njengalabo abashiwo yi-U.S. iNkantolo Ephakeme [i-Atlantic Corp]. [2 FMLT].[2001] [2001] [isidingo sokufuna isahlulelo esinengqondo] kanye [i-Ashcroft]. I-lbalb [FLT] [209], i-momoti kumelwe isho ukuthi i-octive ifuna ukukhululeka okucacile. Lento esobala kuvumela inkantolo ukuba ibone ukuthi i-partment ikhiphe i-omthenwa ngokusholo.

Inkonzo yenhlelo

Inkonzo efanele yenqubo iyimfuneko eyisisekelo yenqubo efanelekile. Ummangalelwa kumelwe amukele isaziso esingokomthetho sokumangalelwa nethuba lokusabela. Ukunxusa kanye nekhophi yesikhalo kumelwe kudluliselwe kummangalelwa ngendlela echazwe ngemithetho esebenzayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthunyelwa komuntu siqu ngenqubo, ukuthunyelwa kweposi eligunyaziwe, noma, kwezinye izimo, inkonzo esemthethweni. Inkonzo engathandeki ingaphumela ekwahlulelweni okuphucwe, ngakho ukunamathela ngokuqinile kulemithetho kubalulekile.

I - Ilvilt’ Isekela Ukuhola

Ngemva kokunikezwa, ummangalelwa unenkathi elinganiselwe, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-21 kuya kwezingu-30, ukuphendula. Ukunxusa okuyinhloko yimpendulo . Empendulweni, ummangalelwa kumelwe aphendule izikhalazo zonke ekukhonondeni ngokuvuma, ukuphika, noma ukusho ukuthi ummangalelwa akanalwazi olwanele lokuvuma noma ukuphika. Impendulo futhi kumelwe iphakamise noma yiziphi izisekelo eziqinile [[[[FLT:]], njengomthetho wokuzilinganisela, ukunganaki, noma ukunganaki, okungase kuthiwe ummangalelwa uqinisile ngisho noma ukumangalelwa kuyiqiniso.

Okanye, ummangalelwa angafaka ukuphendula kwangaphambi kwempindiselo ukubekela ukugcunulwa okungokomthetho kwesikhalo. Okuvame kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo sokulahla ukwehluleka ukubeka isikhalazo esinganikezwa sosizo (uMthetho 12(b)(6) wokunyakaza enkantolo kahulumeni). Lempikiswano yokuthi, ngisho noma wonke amaqiniso ashiwo ekukhonondelweni ayiqiniso, i-paltiff ayifaneleki kunoma yiliphi ikhambi elingokomthetho. Ukuhamba okuphumelelayo kokuyeka kungaqeda icala esigabeni sokunxusa, nakuba ikhefu kaningi ligunyaziwe.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukwehluleka Kokutholwa

Ukuvubukulwa kuyinqubo engokomthetho lapho abachaphazeli bexoxa ngokwaziswa futhi baqoqe khona ubufakazi obuvumelana nezimfuno nezokuvikela. Ngokuvamile kuyisimo esithatha isikhathi esiningi nesambama kakhulu sokuthola imvume, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekunqandeni ukumangala ekuqulweni nasekuthuthukiseni izingxoxo zokuxoxa ngolwazi. Ububanzi bokuthola ukwaziswa bubanzi; abantu bangathola ukwaziswa okungavumelani nento efunwa noma yimuphi umkhandlu noma isivikelo futhi kufanelane nezidingo zanoma yimuphi umbutho.

Amathuluzi Ohlelo Ohlelo

Imithetho ehleliwe inikeza izindlela eziningana zokuthola:

  • [[I-FLT:0] Imibuzo elotshiwe ebhekiswe eqenjini eliphikisayo okumelwe liphendulwe ngaphansi kwesifungo. Iwusizo ekutholeni ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo okuyiqiniso, ofakazi abahlukanisayo, nokuthola ukuba khona kwemibhalo.
  • Izicelo zempumelelo: Izicelo zokuba kukhiqizwe amabhukwana aphikisayo, ukwaziswa okugcinwe nge-tektroniki (ESI), noma izinto ezibonakalayo zokuhlolwa nokukopishwa. Lokhu kuyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuthola izivumelwano, ama-imeyili, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, nemibiko yangaphakathi.
  • Imibuzo: Imibuzo eyimfihlo yeqembu noma ufakazi ngaphansi kwesifungo, eqhutshwa phambi kwentatheli yenkantolo. Amajikijolo avumela abameli ukuba bahlole ukuthembeka kofakazi, isitshixo sobufakazi, futhi bahlole imininingwane yecala ngokujule.
  • Izicelo zokugunyaza: izicelo zokuba lo phikisayo avume iqiniso lamaqiniso athile noma ubuqiniso bezincwadi. Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuvala izimpikiswano zokuqulwa kwecala futhi ziqede isidingo sokuqinisekisa izindaba ezingaphikiswa.

Ukulawula Izindaba Nezingxabano

Ukwanda kokwaziswa okungokwezinombolo kuye kwenza i-e-revory ibe yingxenye evelele ye-ligigation yanamuhla. Ama-parica kufanele aphawule, agcine, aqoqe, futhi abukeze isilinganiso esikhulu se-ESI, kuhlanganise nama-email, imiyalezo yokuthumela imiyalezo, izikhungo zezokuxhumana, nemininingwane evela kubaphathi bezezezokuxhumana. I-Sedona Conference inikeza izimiso eziqashelwe kabanzi nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokulawula i-e - reficure ngokuneyo kanye nezindleko. I-dipoputes ngokuvamile iphakama ngenxa yesilinganiso sokuthola, ukulingana kokwaziswa okugciniwe ngemishini. Izinkantolo ziyagcizelela ukulingana, zifuna ukutholakala okufunwa ngokulinganayo ngokumelene nenzuzo yayo kanye nomthwalo obekwe eqenjinini lokukhiqiza.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukuhamba Kwangaphambili Nokuphatha Icala

Njengoba ukutholakala kwenkantolo kuphetha, ngokuvamile inkantolo ihlanganisa umhlangano wangaphambi kwenkantolo ukuze ikhiphe izimpikiswano futhi imise isimiso sokugcinwa kwezikhathi ezisele. Phakathi nalenkathi, amaqembu angase athathe isinyathelo sokulahla icala ngaphandle kokuqulwa kwecala.

Izinyathelo Zokwahlulela Ngokubukeza

Ukuthatha isahlulelo esifingqiwe kuyisicelo sokuba inkantolo inqume ukuthi akukho ukuphikisana okuqotho nganoma yiliphi iqiniso eliphathekayo nokuthi iqembu elithuthayo linelungelo lokwahlulela njengendaba yomthetho. Iqembu elithuthayo kumelwe libonise ukuthi, kusekelwe ebufakazini obukhishwe ngesikhathi sokuthola, ijaji elinengqondo alikwazi ukuthola ukuthi livumela iqembu elingahambi. Lenqubo ivumela izinkantolo ukuba zilahle ngokunenzuzo izindaba lapho amaqiniso engaphikiswanga ngempela. Uma uma uma uma ijaji linikeza isahlulelo esifingqiwe, icala liphela ngaphandle kokuba lidluliswe. Uma isahlulelo esifingqiwe kuphela, icala lizoqhubeka kuphela ezindabeni ezisahlukene.

Isinyathelo 5: Enye Impikiswano

Ngaphambi kokuba bafake izindleko nokungaqiniseki kwecala, abahilelekile bakhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba bahlole esinye isinqumo sempikiswano (ADR). ADR ihlanganisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene eziklanyelwe ukuxazulula izingxabano ngaphandle kwesimiso sezenkantolo esivamile. Izinkantolo ngokuvamile zifuna ukuba abantu abahlanganyelayo bahlanganyele e - ADR njengemfuneko yokuqulwa kwecala.

Ukuzilibazisa Nokuhlala

Ukuxoxisana kuyindlela ye-ADR engahleliwe nevame kakhulu. Ama-attorney axhumana neqembu ngalinye, ngokuvamile asekelwa ngamandla emiphumela etholakele, ukuhlola isinqumo esamukelekayo sobabili. Ukuzinza kungavela noma kuliphi iqophelo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kufundwe isinqumo. Amagama okuhlala kubhalwe ngokwesiko abhalwe esivumelwaneni esibophekile futhi inkantolo ixoshwa ngokuzithandela.

Ukukhishwa Kwegazi Nokukhishwa Kwalo

Isivumelwano sokuzithandela sihlanganisa umlamuleli ongathathi hlangothi wesithathu osiza ukukhulumisana phakathi kwamaqembu aphikisanayo. Umlamuleli akaphoqeleli isinqumo kodwa usiza abahilelekile ukuba baqaphele izithakazelo zabo, bahlole ukukhetha, futhi bafinyelele isivumelwano sabo sokuzithandela. I-Media imfihlo futhi ingabambi ngokomthetho ngaphandle kokuba amaqembu afinyelele indawo. inqubo engokomthetho lapho umsizi wempi efuna ukuhlangana khona [ eyinqubo engokomthetho lapho umsizi ongathathi hlangothi noma indawo elalela khona ubufakazi nezimpikiswano ezivela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi nezimpikiswano ezibophana, owaziwa njengesinqumo, oyaziwa kakhulu njengesivumelwano. I-Arbitting ivame ukubuswa izivumelwano ezifuna ukuba amacala angene amacala esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa inkantolo. INhlangano ye-AAA) i-Abitrup ingup idinga ukuvunyelwa okushesha kakhulu kwemiyamuthenwa kakhulu.

Isinyathelo 6: Ukuqulwa Kwecala

Uma icala lisinda ngaphambi komthetho futhi abahlanganyeli bengafiki esabelweni, liqhubekela ecaleni. Icala liwumphumela womphakathi wenqubo yokuqulwa kwecala, lapho uhlangothi ngalunye lunikeza ubufakazi balo nezimpikiswano kumuntu othole iqiniso, kungaba umahluleli noma umsizi wamajaji.

Ukukhetha Nokuvula Izinkulumo

Ekuqulweni kwecala lejaji, le nqubo iqala nge ehlasimulisayo, lapho ijaji nabameli bebuza khona abazobe bengabahluleli ukuba baphawule ubandlululo olungabavimbela ukuba bangakhethi. Uma ijaji selibekwe ngokwendawo ethile, abameli banikeza izinkulumo ezivulayo[[. Lamazwi anikeza ibalazwe lobufakazi lizozwa futhi akhanyisa inkolelo yeqembu lecala. Izinkulumo zokuvula akuzona izimpikiswano kodwa izici ezingaqondile.

Ukuboniswa Kobufakazi Nezimpikiswano Eziphethayo

Ummangalelwa uveza icala lakhe kuqala, ubiza ofakazi nokwazisa imibukiso ngokuhlola okuqondile. Khona - ke ummangalelwa unelungelo lokunqamule labofakazi. Ngemva kokuba ummangalelwa esekhona, ubiza ofakazi babo futhi anikeze ubufakazi. Abamangalelwa bangase baphikise ubufakazi obusekelwe emithethweni yobufakazi, futhi umahluleli ubeke imithetho kulezozimpikiswano. Ngemva kokuba wonke ubufakazi bunikezwe, abameli badlulisele izimpikiswano eziphikisayo [, befushaye ubufakazi futhi benxusa abahluleli ukuba badwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho elungile kumphathi wabo. Umahluleli ube eseyala abahluleli-jaji abamele baqondise umthetho osebenzayo.

Icala Nokungena Ekwahluleleni

Abahluleli bakhipha isahlulelo ngamabomu ngasese ukuze bafinyelele isinqumo. Isinqumo kumelwe sihlangane emacaleni amaningi omphakathi kahulumeni, nakuba imithetho kahulumeni ingavumela izinqumo ezingezona ezabanye. Amajaji atholakele enkantolo evulekileyo. Uma abahluleli bethola i-paltiff, isinqumo sizochaza inani lemali ekhokhelweyo. Inkantolo iphinde ingene enkantolo izahlulelo ezisekelwe enqumweni, okusho umyalo wokugcina, ongase udluliselwe ecaleni.

Isinyathelo Sesi - 7: Ukuhamba Nokukhanga Kwangemva Komsindo

Isiphetho secala asisho ukuphela kwecala. Iqembu elilahlekelwayo lingase liphikise umphumela ngezenzo zangemva kwenkantolo noma ukudluliswa kwecala enkantolo ephakeme.

Ukuvivinya Isigwebo

Izenzo ezivamile zangemva komthetho zihlanganisa ukuthatha kabusha ukuqulwa kwecala elisha , okunganikezwa umahluleli ethola isahlulelo sasimelene nobunzima bobufakazi, umonakalo wawuweqile, noma kwakukho iphutha elingokomthetho elibi phakathi nokuqulwa. ukunyakazisa kabusha kokwahlulela njengendaba yomthetho [[ ucela umahluleli ukuba alahle isahlulelo somahluleli ngoba akukho sisekelo esisobala esisobala esikhona ngesisekelo esinengqondo sokuphatha ijaji.

Inqubo Yokufuna Ukuzibulala

Uma ukuthatha isinyathelo ngemva kwenkantolo kwenqatshwa, umkhandlu ungafaka isaziso sokudlulisa icala. Ukunxusa akulona icala elisha; kuwukubukeza umlando wenkantolo yamaphutha angokomthetho okungenzeka athinte umphumela. Inkantolo inikeza incazelo emfushane engokomthetho echaza amaphutha abekwe inkantolo enkantolo, futhi i-applee inikeza iphutha elifushane. Inkantolo ingazwa izimpikiswano zomlomo ezivela kubameli. Impinda yemibuzo yomthetho [[FLT:]] ibeka utho olufushane [[FLT: 1] [ex], okutholwa kweqiniso [FOF:] ngecala elibuye linqume ngokuqhubekayo.[FOLT:], futhi izinqumo zesinqumo senkantolo.[FLT] [FFFFF] [FFUT] [flect:] [5]

Isinyathelo 8: Ukuphoqelela Ukwahlulela

Ukuthola ukwahlulela okuhle akufani nokuqoqa imali noma isenzo esiphoqelelayo. Uma umsizi olahlekelwayo (umenzele utyala) engavumelani ngokuzithandela, umboleki wecala (umphathi) kumelwe aqale inqubo yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho kwangemva kokwahlulela. Lenqubo ihlanganisa ukuthola izinto ezikweletayo nokusebenzisa amathuluzi angokomthetho ukuze azibanjwe. izimpawu zokubulala [[ igunyaza ummeli we-lev impahla yokweleta, njengenkokhelo yamabhange, iholo (ngokukhokha umholo wemali), noma indawo yangempela. [ukugweba isahlulelo singaba umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi obizayo, ikakhulukazi uma onecala linempahla embalwa noma uthathe izinyathelo zokuyifihla.

Isiphetho: Ukuthatha Indlela Yesinqumo

Inqubo yomthetho yangaphakathi iyisimiso esihlelwe ngokucophelela sokuxazulula izimpikiswano ngokulawula umthetho. Kusukela ekuhlolweni kuqala kuya ekunyanzelweni kwesahlulelo sokugcina, isigaba ngasinye siveza izimfuneko ezihlukene zenqubo namathuba ahleliwe. Ukuqonda imithetho eqondile elawula izikhalo, izinga lokuthola, izindinganiso zokuthatha inqubo yangaphambi komthetho, futhi ukuguquguquka kokuqulwa kwecala kudingekile ekuqondiseni izindaba eziphumelelayo. Nakuba indlela yokulungisa kuvame ukubande futhi i-adversarial, isimiso siklanywe ngezimiso eziningi ezihlukene, ukuhlanganisa nezinqumiso ezingezinye izinqumo, futhi ivumela amaqembu ukuba afinyelele ngaphandle kwezindleko ezigcweleyo nengozi yokulingwa. Kubafundi, kubafundi, nabezomthetho, ukukhomba isisekelo secala lomthetho sinikeza isisekelo sokuthembeka kwezimiso zezehlulelo.