Ukwakhiwa Kobubusi BaseMelika: Indlela Amagatsha Amathathu Angenela Ngayo

UMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States umisa uhulumeni kahulumeni owenziwe ngokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, uhlukanisa igunya phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu alinganayo: ukumiswa kwemithetho, ukuphatha, nokwahlulela. Lesi sakhiwo saklanyelwa ngamabomu ukuvimbela ukubekwa kwamandla kunoma yiliphi igatsha elilodwa, inkathalo abaQaphi ababhekene nayo kakhulu ngemva kolwazi lwabo lokubusa kombuso waseBrithani. Nakuba igatsha ngalinye lisebenza ngokuzimele ngemithwalo ehlukile, ukusebenzelana kwabo phakathi kwesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuhlola nokulinganisela kwakha ukuqina okulawula zonke izinqubo ezinkulu, umthetho, nemithetho yokwahlulela. Ukuqonda lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda ukuthi idemokhrasi isebenza kanjani ekusebenzeni komthetho wezehlaka olusemthethweni wemithetho engokomthetho nakubusa nsuku zonke.

Igatsha Elingokomthetho: Ingqungquthela Njengegatsha Lokuqala

ISiphakamiso I samalungu oMthetho-sisekelo sifaka wonke amagunya omthetho eSishaya-mthetho eUnited States, sisenza igatsha lokuqala likahulumeni. UKhongolo luyi-bidamal, oluhlanganisa iSigele (amalungu ayikhulu, amabili esifundazwe) neNdlu yabameleli (amalungu angu-435 ahlukaniswa abantu). Igatsha lezemithetho linamandla esikhwameni semali, limemezela impi, lilawula ezohwebo zezwe, futhi lenze yonke imithetho kahulumeni. Kodwa ukusebenzelana kwalo nesikhulu nomthetho namagatsha enkantolo kudlulela kude kakhulu ukubekwa kwemithetho.

Ukwenza Imithetho: Ukungenela Kwekhorali Nomphathi

Ubudlelwane obubonakalayo kakhulu phakathi kweSishaya-mthetho nomongameli buyenzeka phakathi nenqubo yomthetho. Umthetho kumelwe udlulise womabili amakamu ngendlela efanayo bese unikezwa uMongameli. UMongameli angasayina umthetho, awufake, awuwuvumele, noma awuvumele ukuba ube umthetho ngaphandle kokusayinwa ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi (iSonto elidlulele). Lo mbuso uhlolo olubucayi: uMkhandlu ungadlula indawo engaphezulu kakhulu ngesithathu kuphela kuzo zombili izindlu, isigxobo esiphakeme esingavamile ukufezwa. Isibonelo, ngo-2020 Microde Prince Trump's of the National Device Acct, kodwa ukukhomba okunjalo kwenzeka ku-5% we-3 ye-SCalvice Act.

Ngalé kwe-vetoes, ikhono likaMongameli lokumisa umthetho neSishaya-Mkhandlu sezempi lidala umdanso wezombangazwe oqhubekayo. Ikheli le-State of the Union, elifunwa yi-Agate II, isigaba 3, liyithuba elingokomthetho lokuba uMongameli akhuthaze izinyathelo. Kodwa ukuhlangana okungahleliwe okunjengemihlangano ye House yabamhlophe enezihlalo zekomiti eziyinhloko noma ukusetshenziswa kweqophelo lesikhulu esiqine kakhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa Kohlelo Lomsebenzi Namandla Entengo

UKhomishane ulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali kuhulumeni ngenqubo yokuhlela. UMthetho-sisekelo unika iNdlu yabameleli amandla okusungula izikweletu zemali (Artle I, Ingxenye 7). Lamandla okuhlela uhlelo lwemali angenye yeziphetho ezinamandla kakhulu zegatsha eliphethe. UMongameli ufaka izicelo zemali minyaka yonke, kodwa uMkhandlu awubopheki ukuwamukela. Ekuziqeqesheni, izingxoxo zokuhlela izindleko ngokuvamile ziba ziba zinkulu kakhulu, ziholela ekuvimbeleni kukahulumeni lapho i-appropries iphela. Unyaka ka-201818182019, umfutho wokwende kakhulu eU. Umlando (35), ubonise indlela igatsha elingayinqanda ngayo imisebenzi yeze ngokuxhasa imali.

Ukugada Nokuphenya

UKhongolo lunegunya elikhulu lokuqondisa igatsha eliphethe, kuhlanganise nokuqunga icala, ukukhipha izimpondo, nokuhlola izinhlangano zikahulumeni. Le misebenzi yokuqondisa ihlola amandla ombuso ngokuqinisekisa imithetho imisiwe ngendlela ehlosiwe. INkantolo Ephakeme yaqinisekisa la mandla kumGrain v. Daughherty (1927]), iphethe ukuthi uMkhandlu ungaphoqelela ubufakazi nezincwadi ukuze yazise umthetho. Uphendlo lwemithetho oluphezulu lwe-Profethi, i-Iran-Chont, ne-Iran-Centra komiti kaJanuwarite 6 (illtult) iveza indlela ukuziphatha okubi nokungashelwa kwezikhulu.

Amandla Afunayo

UMthetho-sisekelo unika iNdlu amandla okungagunyazi (Umeluleki I, Ingxenye 2) kanye neSigele amandla okuzama ukukhipha iziphakamiso (ISiphakamiso, Ingxenye 3). Lokhu kuyinhlolo - kuhlolwa kokugcina kweSishaya-mthetho kumongameli, isekela likamongameli, noma umahluleli kahulumeni. Nakuba ukujezisa kuyinqubo yezombangazwe, hhayi isigebengu, kudinga ukuvota kweningi eNdlwaneni ukuletha amacala kanye namavoti amabili eSihlalo sokukhipha isigwebo. Kuphela kubaphathi abathathu abaye balahlwa yindlu: uAndrew Johnson (1868), uBill Clinton (ig, noDonald (igla, 2019,201) ababoshelwa yi-Agellard, nakuba abahluleli abambalwa abambalwa abavoti beboshelwa yiqembu lezombangazwe lapha.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kokumiswa Kweziphathimandla Nokwahlulela

Iseluleko seSigele nendima yemvume (Article II, Ingxenye 2) inikeza igatsha lemithetho isandla esiqondile sokusebenza kokubili igatsha eliphetheyo nejaji. UMongameli umisa omahluleli bekhathenisi, amajaji kahulumeni (kuhlanganise nabahluleli beNkantolo Ephakeme), amanxusa, kodwa iSigeqe kumelwe sibaqinisekise ngevoti enkulu. Lokhu kudala ubuhlobo obujulile: uMongameli kumelwe akhethe ama-mine amukelekayo eSihlalo, noma ukulibala noma ukwenqatshwa. Inqubo yokuqinisekisa iNkantolo Ephakeme yeNkantolo iye yaba nengxabano ngokukhethekile, njengoba ibonwe ezimpini zikaRobert Bork (19877, , enqabile), uClance Thomas (1991, eqinisekisa ngokushesha), kanye nokuqinisekiswa kuka-Ammy Barr Barr Barr Barr Barrer 2020 (iiiiiiiiii.

Igatsha Eliphethe: UMongameli Njengomphathi Oyinhloko Nomholi Wamazwe

Isikhulu sezikhulu zezikhulu ze-pideli II kuMongameli, osebenza njengenhloko kahulumeni, umphathi omkhulu, futhi umphathi omkhulu kahulumeni. Igatsha eliphethe lihlanganisa uMongameli oyisekela, iminyango yeKhabhinethi (15), izinhlangano ezizimele, izikhomishane, nenhlangano enkulu kahulumeni. Ukusebenzelana kukaMongameli noKhongolo nomthetho kuhlala njalo futhi ngokuvamile kuphikisana.

Ukulawula Nesu Lokulawula

Iveto mhlawumbe iyinhlolo yesikhulu esiqondiswe kakhulu eKhongolo. UMongameli angakhipha noma yisiphi isimemezelo esidluliswa yisiKhomishane, asiphoqelele ukuba sifune ukumiswa okukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle komthetho-sisekelo we-veto, amongameli banamuhla basebenzisa usongo lwe-veto ukuze bakhiphe izimvume kuKhongolo-bumba − ithuluzi elaziwa ngokuthi usongo. Abaphathi futhi bakhipha izimemezelo ezibhaliwe ezihambisana nokusayinwa komthetho ongase uchaze umthetho noma ukubonisa indlela isikhulu esiwuhlose ngayo. Nakuba isayina izimemezelo singenawo umphumela ongokomthetho, baye basetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa izincazelo zezikhulu, ngezinye izikhathi inhloso yenhlangano ebekela inselele.

Ukuhleleka Kweqembu Eliphethe Nesenzo Esingekho

Abameli bavame ukusebenzisa iziyalo zokuqondisa ukusebenza kukahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni ngaphandle komthetho omusha. Lemiyalo inamandla omthetho kodwa icindezelwa umthetho womthetho nezimiso ezikhona. Iziqondiso eziphetheyo ziyithuluzi elinamandla kumongameli ukuze bafinyelele imigomo yenqubo lapho uKhomishane ihlukaniswa noma iqiniswe. Ngokwesibonelo, uMongameli Franklin D. Rooselt wakhipha i-Odrect Programmes 9066 phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, igunyaza i-Japane American internation (kamuva isekelwe yiNkantolo ePhakathi e[FOLT:0]] iKhelhhv. United States). Umongameli uBaracket wasebenzisa iziyalezo zokulawula i-Deference Acter ye-Driault (DAC). Nokho, iziyalezo zokulawula zingabekelwa yinkantolo encishiciswe inkantolo ephethe lapho inkantolo iqala ukukhishwa.

Izindaba Zakwamanye Amazwe Nesivumelwano

UMongameli ungumkhangisi oyinhloko wenqubo yezizwe, ukuphatha izivumelwano zezobungane, ukuhlanganisa izivumelwano, nokukhonza njengomphathi-nhloko wamabutho ahlomile. Nokho amagunya kaMongameli angaphandle ahlolwa yiSishaya-mthetho: izivumelwano zidinga ukuqiniswa kweSigele ngevoti elingu-3 ezintathu, futhi i-Congress kuphela engamemezela impi. Ukushukuma phakathi kwemibuso yempi ephethe kanye negunya lobukhomisha bekulokhu kuyisihloko esiphindaphindayo, kusukela eMpini yase Korea (ukufuna ngaphandle kwesimemezelo esingokomthetho) ekugunyazweni lokusebenzisa iButho Lempi (AMF) ngemva kwe-9/11. ISigqi seMpi yeMpi yeMpi, idlulise Prentenience Nixon’s devier Nixtoto, imizamo yokulawula umongameli wempi kodwa iphumelela, njengoba umongameli beye bachaza njalo noma beye bathatha isilinganiso esincane.

Ukunqunywa Nokususwa Kwamandla

UMongameli umisa amajaji kahulumeni nezikhulu eziningi eziphethe, kodwa udinga ukuqinisekiswa. Uma sekuqinisekisiwe, izikhulu eziningi zikhonza ngokujabulela uMongameli futhi zingasuswa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Nokho, uMthetho-sisekelo awusho lutho ngemingcele esuswayo, futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme iqaphele imingcele: ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano ezizimele njenge Federal Reserve noma i-Security and Exchange Commission ezikwaziyo ukususwa kuphela, zishaya isilinganiso phakathi kokulawula izikhulu nokuzimela. Impikiswano eqhubekayo ngomthetho-ogcustom yezinhlangano ezizimele ibonakalisa ukusebenzelana okunamandla phakathi kwesikhulu, umthetho (owadala) kanye (owawachaza amagatsha azo).

Igatsha Lokwahlulela: INkantolo Ephakeme Namandla Okubukeza Kokwahlulela

ISiphakamiso III simisa igatsha lokwahlulela, neNkantolo Ephakeme njengenkantolo ephakeme kakhulu. Ijaji lichaza imithetho kahulumeni noMthetho-sisekelo, namandla ayo okubukeza kokwahlulela. (i-"FLT:0]] kuqala ku-Marbury v. Madison [1803]] [iyenza ibe umdlali ogxekayo ekuhloleni kokubili i-Congress kanye noMongameli. Nakuba ijudiary ivame ukuchazwa njengegalelo eliyingozi kakhulu [i-Alexander Hamilton ku-Federalist No. 78, ukusebenzelana kwayo namanye amagatsha okumayela umthetho nesimiso saseMelika.

Ukubukezwa Kokwahlulela Kwemithetho

INkantolo Ephakeme ingamisa umthetho odluliswe yiKhomusela-mbuso, ngokuphumelela ukuwenza ingasebenzi. Lombuso, ongashiwonga ngokuqondile eMthethweni, wamiswa nguMahluleli Omkhulu uJohn Marshall Marbury v. UMadison. Izibonelo ziningi: [ku-Roe v. [[[FLT]] [[FFFF]]] [3] v. [3] [3] [3]), iNkantolo yashaya imithetho evimbela ukukhishwa kwesisu; [[FLT:] i-FOLT] i-FOD v v., [202], isekela umthetho we-Aflatement Activessssssssss ngaphansi kwempostrrencerrencer kodwa yalempirence, inqaba i-Claye-Foctive,[5] ewumbini enzile. [edimuthe iziNk

Ukubukezwa Kokwahlulela Kwezenzo Eziphethe

Izinkantolo zihlola futhi igatsha eliphethe ngokuhlola ukufaneleka kwemithetho yezikhulu, imithetho, nezenzo. Uma isenzo sokuphatha sidlula igunya lomthetho noma sophula umthetho, inkantolo ingasibulala. Ngokwesibonelo, intsha eshaye i-Stown Commentap & Tube Co. v. Sawyer [1952], iNkantolo Ephakeme yanquma ukuthi ukuthumba kukaMongameli uTruman izinsimbi phakathi neMpi yeKorea kwakuwukungaphuculi ngenxa yokuthi yadlula amandla akhe aphakeme. [[FLTL:2]. [v] v [FLT.FLT]] [FLT] [5:3] [208], iNkantolo yeNkantolo ephakeme yanqumayo yokuhamba ngemva kokuvinjwa kwemithetho ye-Crimest Trump], nakuba ivituast yabuye yavinjiswa yizimpi yeze izinkantolo zezendunyana zesizwe.

Ukumisa Nokwenza I - tenure Njengesekisi Esisha

UMongameli umisa amajaji kahulumeni, kodwa iSigele siyabaqinisekisa, futhi abahluleli basebenza ukumiswa kukho konke ukuphila kwabo (ukuziphatha okuhle”) ukuze baqinisekise ukuzimela. Lenqubo yokumisa iwukubambisana okugxekayo: uMongameli angahlela ijaji amashumi eminyaka ngokumisa abahluleli abahlanganyela ifilosofi ethile yokwahlulela. ISigele, ikakhulukazi lapho silawulwa yiqembu eliphikisanayo, singavimbela noma silibale ukuthatha iziqu zomthetho. Impi eNkantolo Ephakeme ikhule, ngokwenqaba ukucabangela uMahluleli uMerrick Garland ngo-2016 (ngaphansi kukaMongameli Oma) kanye nokugweba okusheshayo kweJaji uBarrett ngo-202020 iqokomisa yezibalo yezenqumo yezehlulelo.

Ukumangalelwa Namandla Omhlangano Ezinkantolo

UKhongolo lunamandla amakhulu phezu kwejaji. Inquma inani lamajaji (manje elingu-9) futhi imise izinkantolo eziphansi zikahulumeni. Ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso III, Ingxenye 2, iziKhomishane zingalinganisela ukubusa kweNkantolo Ephakeme, ukuhlolwa okungavamile okusetshenziswa kodwa okunamandla. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuba iNkantolo iqedi ishaye umthetho [ku-] Ex e McCardle [1869], i-Congresss isusa igunya leNkantolo, futhi ikhosela ukususwa. Nakuba iNkantolo isekela ukususwa okuqalile. Nakuba kungavamile ukusebenzisa leligunya, usongo lombuso ungathonya ukuziphatha komthetho wokwahlulela., futhi umthetho owenyuseNkakhulu (Fokt: pulvelkt) uye wanwe njengendlela yokuhlanganisa iNkathasazelela, nakuba isakhiwo esibanzi.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela Endleleni Esebenza Ngayo: Izibonelo Eziwuphawu

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela asiyona into ecatshangelwayo; isebenza njalo ekubusweni kwezwe langempela. Nazi izibonelo eziningana ezingokomfanekiso ezibonisa ukusebenzelana okunamandla phakathi kwamagatsha:

I-Afford Care Act (2010-2015)

I-ACA idlulise i-ACEss enezivoti zedemokrasi kuphela futhi yasayinwa nguMongameli Obama. ngokushesha yabekelwa inselele, iNkantolo Ephakeme yasekela umthetho omningi [ku- NFIB v. Sebelius (202), kodwa yathola ukuthi uMkhandlu ungenakusingisa ukuba uMikhathi weMedicaid /a ubeke imingcele ephawulekayo yamandla omthetho. Ngo- 2015, iNkantolo i-A futhi yasekela u-A ku-'impepho'. Inkosi i-Burwell[[, lesi sikhathi ukuchaza ulimi ngentela yokukhokhwasa. Okwamanje, umongameli Obama wasebenzisa izenzo eziyinhloko ekusebenziseni izingxenye zomthetho, ne-Riphabliki ye-Riphabliki 201762]

Ukuhamba Kuvinjelwa (207 - 2018)

Umyalo kaMongameli Trump wokuvimbela ukuhamba kumazwe amaSulumane amaningi wabekelwa inselele ngokushesha enkantolo. Izinkantolo eziphansi, zicaphuna kokubili igunya lomthetho kanye nokumiswa kuka-Claus, wavala uhlelo. ISithili Sesifunda sasekela umyalo owodwa. Uhulumeni wabukeza uhlelo, kodwa futhi lwavinjelwa. Ekugcineni, iNkantolo Ephakeme Trump v. Hawaii yasekela inguquko yesithathu, wathola ukuthi uMongameli unegunya elikhulu ekuthutheleni abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe futhi umthetho awuzange ulwephulanga umthetho. Lokhu kubonisa indlela inqubo yesikhulu se-judia engathika okwesikhashana, ifuna ukuba isikhulu seze kulungiswe noma i-Reueues.

Marbury v. Madison (103) – Foundational Interaction

Lelicala lavela ezingxabanweni zezombangazwe phakathi kukaMongameli ophumayo uJohn Adams (Federalist) kanye noMongameli ozayo uThomas Jefferson (uDemocratic-Republican). U-Adams wamisa amajaji amaningana phakathi kwamabili, kodwa amanxusa awazange adluliswe. UNobhala kaJefferson weSizwe, uJames Madison, wenqaba ukukhipha ikhomishane kaMarbury. UMarbury wafaka ngokuqondile eSigodlweni esiPhakathi esiPhakamileyo ngaphansi kwelungiselelo le-Judiary Act ka-17889. Umthetho omkhulu uMarcillah wamisa umbono wokwahlulela ngokumemezela ukuthi ingxenye ye-Judiary Act yayingenamthetho. Lesi sinqumo sagcizelela amandla emithetho ye-judicariary, kodwa sagweba ngendlela egweba ukuphikisana ngokuqondile nesikhulu ngesinqumo seNka.

IWatergate neUnited States nj. iNixon (19974)

Phakathi nehlazo laseWatergate, uMongameli Nixon wazama ukugodla amakhasethi aqoshiwe umshushisi okhethekile. INkantolo Ephakeme yanquma ngazwi linye ukuthi ilungelo lesikhulu lilinganiselwe futhi alinikezi ubufakazi ezinkantolo zobugebengu. UNixon wavuma futhi wahlehliswa ngokushesha. Lelicala libonisa ukubambisana okunzima: izinkantolo zingaphoqelela umphathi ukuba akhiphe ulwazi, futhi umphathi kumelwe avume, ngisho nasezingeni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ibonisa futhi indima yokuphenya ingqungquthela (iKomiti Yesigele Yamanzi) ekuvuleni icala.

Izingcindezi Zanamuhla Nezici Ezishintshashintshayo

Ukulingana kwamandla phakathi kwamagatsha kuye kwashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umongameli wanamuhla uye wakhula ngokuphawulekayo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwe-New Deal neMpi Yezwe II, futhi izazi eziningi ziphikisa igatsha eliphetheyo manje elilawula isimiso somthetho. ISishaya-mthetho ngezinye izikhathi siye sahlehla ngenxa yokwengamela nokulawula izimali, kodwa umongameli onezinga eliphezulu nokuwohloka komhlaba uye wabangela ukuba athembele kakhulu eziqondisweni zezikhulu kanye nasesenzeni singathathi hlangothini. Ngalesosikhathi, ikhonsathi yejaji iye yathatha indima ephambili ekubukeleni izenzo zezikhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi ne-Trump ne-Biden baphathi bezwe. Izindaba eziningi zamanje zibonisa ukungezwani okuqhubekayo: Ngalesosikhathi, isigaba sezahlulelo siye sathatha indima enkulu ekubukeni inqubo yezikhulu.

  • Ilungelo lokufeza kanye ne-cononional poenas: Iziphathimandla zeTrump zamahlahla ngokulandelana ne House subpoenas, okuholela ekudeleleni imikhonzo nezimpi zenkantolo. INkantolo Ephakeme Trump v. AmaMazars [[[FLT]] [2020] asungula ukuhlolwa okulinganisela kweminyango yemali engaphansi kwe-painfaudiaa, kodwa izivumelwano zihlala zisempikiswane.
  • Amandla okuzimisela: Abameli baye banxusa iNational Emertitus Act ukuba benze izenzo ngaphandle komkhandlu, njengokwakha udonga lomngcele. UKhongolo lungaqeda isimo esiphuthumayo ngesinqumo esihlangeneyo, kodwa izinqumo ezinjalo zidinga ukuba i-vetofice yolwelwe noma isigqebhezana somongameli.
  • Ukumiswa kwamandla okulawula: IziKhongolo ngokuvamile zidlulisa imithetho ebanzi ephathisa izinhlangano eziphethe. INkantolo Ephakeme ilwisane nemingcele yabathunywa, nezinqumo zamuva ezifana i-West Virginia v. [202] [imfundiso ebanzi],” ifuna ukuba iSishaya-Mnyango sikhulume ngokucacile lapho siphathiswa izindaba ezinkulu zezezomnotho noma zezombangazwe.
  • Ukumiswa kwe-judicicial kanye ne-palbuster: ISigele sasusa i-banbuster yenkantolo ephansi ngo-2013 (indlela yenuzi”) kanye neNkantolo Ephakeme ngo-2017, yenza kube lula ukuqinisekisa iningi labantu abavamile. Lokhu kuye kwaqinisa izimpi ezihlangeneyo ngenxa yokuncintisana kwemithetho futhi kwaguqula ukuxhumana phakathi kweSigele nobukhulu.

Isizukulwane ngasinye sichaza kabusha imingcele yamandla, futhi amagatsha ayaqhubeka exoxa ngezindima zawo ngezinqubo ezihleliwe nangezombangazwe ezingahleliwe.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Kokuhlukana Kwamandla

Ukusebenzelana phakathi kwegatsha le-wignome, isikhulu, neyahlulelo kwakha inhliziyo enamandla yokubusa kwe-Melika. Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi singasebenzi kahle futhi sixabana, sivimbela noma iliphi igatsha ekuqoqeni amandla anganqandwayo. Kuphoqelela ukubambisana, ukuyekethisa, nokulandisa. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlanganisa − kusukela enqubweni yokuhlola ikomiti, kusukela ekuqinisekiseni izimpi kuya ekuqondiseni ukugcinwa kwenkululeko kanye nokubekwa umthetho eUnited States.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo, hlola i-' Constitution’s Constitution’s Center's Interfy Constitution, i-Confort.gov i-productive yezesivumelwano [, newebhusayithi ye-palment yeNkantolo yomthetho ye-[FLT][[FLT:]] eyizisekelo zezentengiselwano [[FLT]]. Imongomo yezente eyizisekelo yesizwe, izincwadi zokusungula izinqolobane zezincwadi [[[FLTLT:7]] kanye ne[FLT:] i-ANTPT] esemthethweni yeNkathiyo.[[FLT][FLT:]]